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The article discusses the state of the air transport industry in order to study the regional air transport system and identify new costeffective solutions for its development, based on the influence of various external factors — political, economic, social. An analysis of the project of the air transport holding «Novaport» was made; the key performance indicators of the creation of the holding system are analyzed, as well as the main advantages of the aviation holding in the conditions of the «turbulent» market environment. The system of state subsidizing of the regional air transport system was studied — the financial indicators of the state program: «Development of the transport system» are presented.A systematic analysis of the results of the activities of the regional air holding showed that during the period of turbulence in the external environment, subsidies do not provide sufficient assistance for the development of air transport enterprises, so the project of creating regional air transport holdings should be considered as a way of integrated and cost-effective development of regional air transportation. Also, the cooperation of the enterprises of the industry will create conditions for maintaining stability in the market, each of the members of the holding, which in modern conditions is extremely important for regional air transport systems.

The aim of the research was to study polymorphism of preselected gene loci of three transcription factors (TaNAC2a, TaWRKY2, and TaWRKY19) and the Late Embryogenesis Abundant (LEA) proteins dehydrin (Td29b) related to wheat drought tolerance. The genes structure and chromosome location were established via bioinformatics tools. It is stated that TaWRKY2 and TaWRKY19 genes were comprised of 4 exons and 3 introns located on 2BS and 1DS chromosome arms, respectively; TaNAC2a — 2 exons and 1 intron 7AS; Td29b — single exon gene 3AS. Using polymerase chain reaction, no polymorphism was observed. Polymorphic bands were detected for TaWRKY2 locus. The screening of the distribution of the revealed polymorphic loci was carried out for a set of wheat and rye varieties, old landraces and interspecific hybrids. The polymorphism of TaWRKY2 locus indicated the presence of some other possible alleles of the gene. The obtained data are important for further investigations of wheat drought tolerance.

The article describes the features of the work of beams with a thin transverse corrugated web plate. Exponential fractional regression is presented, which allows one to estimate the relative height of web plate sections working together with flanges, obtained by the authors based on an analysis of numerical experiments. Based on the features of the work, a method is proposed for describing the stress state of an arbitrary cross-section of an I-beam with a thin transverse corrugated web plate (the profile of the corrugations is triangular, trapezoidal, sinusoidal) bent in the plane of the web plate and compressed in the longitudinal direction, using the theory of thin-web platted elastic rods by Professor V.Z. Vlasov. The calculations are given for determining the bending-twisting forces (local bending moments and bimoments arising from the action of the main forces) in an arbitrary cross section.

The article presents the results of a study of psychological and pedagogical conditions for the development of dialogical speech in senior preschool children during performances. Adequacy of using non-situational-personal communication is justified. Possibilities of performance activities as conditions for the development of dialogical speech are described. The results are represented as development criteria and indicators for dialogical speech and comparison of their dynamics at the ascertaining and control stages of the experiment.

An effect of Mg introduction on efficiency of high-loaded nickel catalysts in dehydrogenation of decahydroquinoline (10HQ) was investigated. 10HQ dehydrogenation is key process for the liquid organic hydrogen carrier (LOHC) storage technology using the quinoline/10HQ pair as H2-lean/H2-rich substrates. An influence of synthesis technique of Ni/Mg/Al catalysts on their properties has been demonstrated. The catalysts were synthesized through coprecipitation of Ni, Mg, Al precursors to obtain layered double hydroxides (LDH) or via synthesis of (∼72 wt%) Ni-Al2O3 system – also through coprecipitation, followed by modifying with a magnesium-containing precursor. For the catalysts of the first series, the inclusion of magnesium into LDH lattice led to a significant increase in catalytic activity in hydrogen extraction (10HQ dehydrogenation reaction). Despite the decrease in the content of catalytically active nickel, a significant increase in the yield of the dehydrogenation product was observed. This regularity is presumably associated with appearance of basic sites, that accelerates the dehydrogenation reaction. In the case of the second series, activity of pre-reduced (600 °C, H2) catalysts in dehydrogenation of 10HQ also significantly depends on a MgO content and is maximal at Mg:Ni weight ratio 0.056. Using an in-depth study of structure of the original and reduced catalyst samples (Ni-Al2O3 and Ni-MgNiOx-Al2O3), it was shown that this regularity is associated with the increased resistance of catalytically active Ni particles to agglomeration during the reductive activation. Also, using the Ni-MgNiOx-Al2O3 catalyst for hydrogen storage process (hydrogenation reaction), the possibility of deep quinoline hydrogenation (up to 10HQ) in a flow-type reactor was demonstrated for the first time.

The difference in the spectral composition of artificial and natural lighting can negatively affect health, as well as lead to a distorted perception of the color of surrounding objects. At the same time, a certain correction of the spectral composition of visible radiation in medical institutions and workplaces has a positive effect on human health, while can be carried lighting control out taking into account the data of personal sensor devices that determine the human condition. The purpose of the research was to select criteria for comparing natural and LED optical and visible radiation by spectral composition and by the visibility of color differences in natural and LED lighting. The effectiveness of the application of known and developed criteria for assessing the difference in the spectral composition of optical and visible radiation from natural and LED sources was investigated, as well as for the visibility of color differences in natural and LED lighting. To minimize the values of criteria are proposed additive and subtractive methods for calculating LED parameters. Their comparison allowed us to conclude that a more complex calculation algorithm, but higher performance for an additive technique than for a subtractive one with the same minimization results.It was found that to simulate the spectral composition of natural radiation using LEDs, it is most effective to use the criteria "standard deviations of the relative differences between the optical and visible spectral components of natural and LED radiation". A comparison of the criteria for the visibility of color differences in natural and LED lighting showed approximately the same effectiveness of using the criteria "small color differences" and "standard deviation by photoreceptors" at the present stage and the prospects for applying the second criterion, provided that its acceptable values are established.

Statement of the problem and goal. Vinnytsia region now demonstrates one of the lowest indicators of provision of natural protected areas and objects (2.27% of the region’s area). The regional figure for Vinnytsia is even lower, which is 1.65% of the city’s area. The need of the day is to study the localities of rare species of biota, rare biotopes, and migration routes of animals in an urbanized environment as potential objects for the development of protected areas. Materials and methods. Determination of the optimal methodology for identifying the taxonomic structure and ecological groups of the studied fauna based on the analysis of literary, cartographic, and stock materials. To assess the geocomponent representativeness of the fauna of the urban environment, expedition research methods were used. Systematization of terrestrial and terrestrial-aquatic taxonomic groups of fauna was carried out using empirical methods. Identification of characteristic traces and remains is used to record animals through visual observation. Audio Moth v.1.2.0 recording devices and an Echo Meter Touch 2 active bat detector were used to record owls (Strigiformes, Aves) and bats (Chiroptera, Mammalia). With the help of control catches, as well as through analysis of the catches of amateur fishermen, the species composition of fish was established. Results and discussion. Under conditions of significant technogenic transformation of the biotopes of the tract and nearby aquatic landscapes, a relatively rich zoocenosis has formed. This zoocenosis unites synanthropic and local species of birds, reptiles, mammals, amphibians and fish. This is facilitated by the combination of a wide range of facies that provide the trophic and topical needs of animals. The territory of the tract, thanks to the rich species composition of animals and stable interspecies connections, can effectively serve as a center for the conservation of biodiversity and an educational, ecological and aesthetic mission in an urban landscape. Scientific novelty. A specific faunal complex of the park, the mouth of the town of Tyazhilivka and the adjacent part of the Sabarovskoe reservoir has been identified. It includes 104 species of animals of the genus Chordata: class Mammals (Mammalia) - 14 species, class Birds (Aves) - 66 species, class Reptiles (Reptilia) - 4 species, class Amphibians (Amphibia) - 4 species, class Orthoptera (Actinopterygii) – 16 species. Research materials are the basis for the creation of a nature conservation area and the expansion and optimization of the existing natural reserve network of the urban environment.

Objective. To analyze characteristics, diagnostic features and results of surgical treatment of patients with traumatic spinal injuries associated with ankylosing spondylitis. Material and Methods. A retrospective analysis of the results of surgical treatment of 32 patients (25 men and 7 women) operated on in 2019–2022 was performed. Results were followed-up during 12 months in all patients. Patient characteristics, diagnostic features, clinical outcomes, and the range of postoperative complications were reviewed. Results. The number of damaged levels in the cervical, thoracic and lumbar spine was 39. Low-energy injury (fall from a height and from a sitting position) was observed in 20 patients (62.5 %), and high-energy injury (fall from a height of more than 1 m and a road traffic accident) – in 12 patients (37.5 %). Type B3 fractures according to the AOSpine classification were present in 23 patients (71.8 %), and type C translational fractures – in 9 (28.2 %). CT of the spine and verification of the diagnosis were performed within 24 hours after the injury in 24 patients (75 %). The remaining 8 (25 %) patients underwent primary diagnosis later – in 19.8 ± 24.4 days (range 5–46 days). All patients underwent posterior fixation with or without decompression. The time of surgical intervention depended on the presence of neurological symptoms. Twenty one (65.6 %) patients with complicated injury underwent surgical intervention within 8 hours after admission to the hospital. In the remaining 11 (34.4 %) neurologically uncomplicated patients, operations were performed within 3.2 ± 1.4 days. In-hospital mortality was 6.25 % (n = 2), and 1-year mortality was 28 % (n = 9). There were no neurological symptoms before or after surgery in 11 patients (36.7 %). In the group of patients with initial neurological complications (n = 21), 3 (14.3 %) patients had complete regression of neurological symptoms (from AIS D to AIS E), 4 (19 %) - incomplete regression of symptoms (from AIS C to AIS D), and 14 (66.7 %) patients did not show significant positive dynamics. Pulmonary embolism (PE) and pneumonia were observed in 5 (15.6 %) and 6 (18.75 %) patients, respectively. In the postoperative period, the deep vein thrombosis of the lower extremities was most frequent (n = 9; 28.1%), and in 5 cases it was complicated by PE. Conclusion. The basis for diagnosing fractures in patients with ankylosing spondylitis is clinical data (increased pain after a fall and/or the appearance of neurological deficit) and radiological data (CT scan of the whole spine). Fractures in ankylosing spondylitis are characterized by absolute instability with a high risk of developing secondary neurological deficits in the case of conservative treatment or delayed surgical intervention. The essence of the surgery is the use of extended fixation with 8 screws in the cervical spine and more than 10 screws in the thoracic and lumbar spine. The most common complications of the early postoperative period include liquorrhea, surgical wound suppuration, pulmonary embolism, pneumonia, and loosening of transpedicular screws.

A rapid increase of available information affects students' perception of any message and formation of priorities; the period of concentration on one subject is reduced; students prefer concise vivid visual images. Internet memes become a part of students' daily communication and broadcast today's cultural and information realities. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of Internet memes integration while mastering philological disciplines (for example, English) by Ukrainian students. The authors experimented to check the methodology proposed within one program unit. We conducted the experiment in the 2020-2021 academic year and involved 68 students and 5 teachers of Dnipro Academy of Continuing Education, Donetsk State University of Internal Affairs and Mykhailo Tuhan-Baranovskyi Donetsk National University of Economics and Trade. The authors conducted pre- and post-experimental surveys and informal interviews to compare academic achievements and provided a system of tasks integrating memes. Implementing the experiment, we clarified the dominant way of students' perception and processing of information and revealed the expediency of integrating memes into teaching English. The authors determined the dynamics of the levels of students' motivation to learn English through Internet memes integration and established quantitative values of the levels using the method of mathematical statistics. The conclusions emphasize the need to improve teachers' pedagogical skills, developed critical and creative thinking to integrate memes into educational activities. The authors stress the relevance of the further detailed study of the educational potential of memes in teaching not only philological disciplines but also other subjects of the curriculum.

The purpose of the study was to identify what neuropsychological effect online learning had on psychology students and how it could be moderated. The study was descriptive and combined qualitative and quantitative methods to address the research questions. The study relied on three phases such as baseline study, experiment, and reporting. The experiment utilised neuropsychology tests adopted from the NeurOn platform. It was found that the Psychology students' perceptions of e-learning and their emotional reaction to them were found not to be appreciative. The practices in breathing exercises, meditation, or yoga were proved to be able to moderate the impact of online learning on the experimental group students' attentional capacities, memory processes, and cognition abilities. The above findings were supported by the results obtained for the neuropsychology tests and the experimental group students' self-reflections yielded from the use of the MovisensXS App. The students confirmed that breathing exercises, meditation, or yoga reduced study stress and burnout caused by e-learning and improved their academic performance. The focus group online discussion also showed that integration of breathing exercises, meditation, and yoga helped the experimental group students keep emotional balance, concentrate on their studies easier, remember more information, and meet deadlines in completing assignments. The education scientists are suggested to study how the e-learning curriculum could be reshaped so that it used relaxation practices on regular basis.

Background: Arbor vitae cerebelli (tree-like branching white matter of the cerebellum) has a complex spatial configuration that is challenging to assess using conventional morphometric methods. This study proposes a fractal approach to describe and quantify the anatomy of Arbor vitae cerebelli. For this purpose, a new “contour scaling” method for fractal analysis of cerebellar white matter was developed. Material and methods: The cerebella of 100 cadavers (50 male and 50 female) who died from causes unrelated to brain pathology, aged 20–95 years, were examined. Mid-sagittal sections of the cerebellar vermis were studied. The fractal dimension values of the cerebellar white matter were determined using both the developed fractal analysis method and the conventional “box counting” method, along with measurements of non-fractal parameters including cerebellar weight, area and perimeter of the vermis cross-section, perimeter-to-area ratio, and circularity. Results: Considering the cerebellar white matter as a tree-like fractal, it was found to have 7 or 8 primary branches, which subdivide into 10-18 second-iteration branches, 19–38 third-iteration branches, and 34–53 fourth-iteration branches. Females more often had 8 primary branches compared to males, while males had a greater number of branches in the second to fourth iterations. The mean fractal (Hausdorff) dimension was 1.697 (1.721 in males, 1.674 in females, P = 0.01). The fractal dimension correlated most strongly with the perimeter and area of the vermis cross-section and had no significant relationship with age. Conclusion: The fractal (Hausdorff) dimension, determined using the novel “contour scaling” method, quantitatively assesses the degree of branching of the cerebellar white matter. An increase in the absolute size of the cerebellum leads to a higher degree of branching of its white matter and an increase in the number of its constitutive components – white matter branches and folia.

Los cambios en el uso del suelo afectan la integridad de los ecosistemas acuáticos y modifican una gran variedad de aspectos. El objetivo de este estudio fue comparar parámetros fisicoquímicos y la diversidad taxonómica y funcional de macroinvertebrados bentónicos entre sitios ubicados en la llanura tucumana en territorios con uso agrícola y sitios de referencia con bosque. Se seleccionaron cuatro sitios de muestreo: Río Chico y Río Marapa (asociados a bosque), y Río Balderrama y Río Seco (asociados a uso agrícola). Entre octubre y noviembre de 2017, se midieron variables físicas y químicas del agua con sonda multiparamétrica a campo, y se determinaron nutrientes e iones en laboratorio. Se recolectaron muestras para análisis cuantitativos de macroinvertebrados bentónicos con red D. Para analizar la funcionalidad se elaboró una tabla de cuatro rasgos biológicos con sus respectivas modalidades; esta información se codificó utilizando metodología difusa (fuzzy). La estructura de los ensambles se evaluó según curvas de rango-abundancia. Los datos ambientales y biológicos entre sitios se contrastaron con técnicas de análisis multivariado. Los sitios sometidos a uso agrícola-ganadero se caracterizaron por mayores valores de nutrientes (fosfato, amonio y nitrato), menores valores de oxígeno disuelto, menor equitatividad, dominancia de Oligochaeta y uniformidad de rasgos biológicos. Los sitios de referencia evidenciaron mayor variedad de rasgos funcionales. La riqueza de especies fue similar entre las dos clases de usos del suelo. El reemplazo de la cobertura boscosa por agricultura podría afectar la diversidad ecológica de los ríos, incluso a partir de una diferencia relativamente baja en porcentajes de cobertura. Según la relación entre las variables analizadas y el tipo de cobertura, se proponen a los macroinvertebrados bentónicos como bioindicadores de calidad ambiental de los ríos de la llanura tucumana.

BackgroundOlder adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) or prediabetes are at increased risk of adverse changes in body composition, physical function, and aging-related biomarkers compared to those with normal glucose tolerance. Semaglutide is a glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist that has been approved for T2DM and chronic weight management. Although semaglutide is effective for weight loss and T2DM management, its effects on lean body mass, physical function, and biomarkers of aging are understudied in older adults. ObjectiveThis study aims to compare the effects of lifestyle counseling with and that without semaglutide on body composition, physical function, and biomarkers of aging in older adults. MethodsThis is an open-label randomized controlled trial. A total of 20 adults (aged 65 years and older) with elevated BMI (27-40 kg/m2) and prediabetes or well-controlled T2DM (hemoglobin A1c 5.7%-7.5%) are recruited, stratified by sex, and randomized 1:1 to one of 2 groups (semaglutide plus lifestyle counseling vs lifestyle counseling alone) and followed up for 5 months. Those in the semaglutide group are titrated to 1 mg weekly, as tolerated, for 12 weeks. Lifestyle counseling is given by registered dietitians and based on the Diabetes Prevention Program Lifestyle Change Program. Our primary outcomes include changes in lean mass, physical function, and biomarkers of aging. Body composition is measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry and includes total fat mass and lean mass. Physical function is measured by 6-minute walk distance, grip strength, and short physical performance battery. Biomarkers of aging are measured in blood, skeletal muscle, and abdominal adipose tissue to include C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factors α, and β galactosidase staining. ResultsThe study was funded in December 2021 with a projected data collection period from spring 2023 through summer 2024. ConclusionsDespite the elevated risk of adverse changes in body composition, physical function, and biomarkers of aging among older adults with glucose intolerance and elevated adiposity, the benefits and risks of commonly prescribed antihyperglycemic or weight loss medications such as semaglutide are understudied. This study aims to fill this knowledge gap to inform clinicians about the potential for additional clinically meaningful, nonglycemic effects of semaglutide. Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov NCT05786521; https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05786521 International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)DERR1-10.2196/62667

Large interneurons of cerebellar cortex are described. Golgi Cells lie mostly in vestibulocerebellum. Their dendrites contact with parallel fibers and mossy fibers, axons terminate in glomerules. Golgi Cells inhibit granule cells and induce their synchronic rhythmic activity. Lugaro Cells lie in horizontal plane under ganglionic layer, form clasters and more frequent in paleocerebellum. Dendrites contact with collaterals Purkinje and basket cells axones; axones terminate on basket and stellate cell. Lugaro Cells stimulate Purkinje Cells by inhibiting of inhibitory stellate and basket cells. Candelabrum Cells are inhibitory interneurons which lie between Purkinje cells bodies. Axon forms horizontal branches in parasagittal plane in molecular layer, and vertical ones which resemble candelabrum. Unipolar brush cells – excitatory interneuron of the cerebel-lum, form system of intrinsic mossy fibers. Single axon forms numerous brush-like branches – dendrioles, which end in one common glomerules, axon collaterals terminate in another one. Synamortic neurons contact with neurons of cerebellar nuclei and another region of the cortex. Perivascular neurons regulate local blood flow.

Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is the main cause of death and disability in children with type I diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Children’s mortality from T1DM reaches 1% in developed countries and 13% in developing countries. The main cause of death in DKA is cerebral edema, clinical manifestations of which develop in 0.5–0.9% of children with DKA, while mortality riches 24%.Objective. Developing recommendations to prevent life-threatening complications of children with DKA using analysis of literature data and consolidated opinion of experts on the issues of intensive care in children with T1DM.Materials and methods. We analyzed and discussed studies in diagnosis and treatment of DKA in children with type 1 diabetes and 1200 literature sources since January 1970, published in Russian peer-reviewed scientific journals and international publications presented in the online repository Medline (Pubmed). The search for publications was carried out using the keywords: «children», «DKA», «DM1», «dehydration», «cerebral edema».Results. We considered issues of epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, intensive care for DKA, as well as clinical and diagnosis, treatment, prevention of cerebral edema issues in children. Limitations of the study were the small number of modern studies with a high level of evidence (randomized controlled trials, meta-analyses) over the past 5 years on DKA in children.Conclusion. Taking into account the national and international experience, joint recommendations on a consensus format were developed and formulated for the diagnosis of DKA, its leading complications and treatment recommendations for children with T1DM and DKA. Timely and accurate diagnosis of DKA, intensive therapy options based on proven therapeutic efficacy, laboratory and clinical monitoring are warranted to interrupt the DKA pathogenesis, prevent the development of life-threatening conditions, and improve treatment outcomes for children with DKA.

There are various methods for experimental determination of the thermal conductivity dependence on soil moisture and substrates. The influence of the sample structure (monolith, bulk sample), sample temperature, the method of installing the probe into the sample on the obtained readings of the TEMPOS device was studied and methodological recommendations were proposed. The dependence of thermal conductivity of soils bulk samples and substrates on moisture is shown. The spread of thermal conductivity values in the moisture range from hygroscopic to full moisture capacity for soddy-podzolic soil is 0.229–1.430 W/(m*K), for peat – 0.250–0.521 W/(m*K), for sand – 0.280–2.605 W/(m*K), for a mixture – 0.234–1.568 W/(m*K). ). The influence of properties such as density, particle size distribution, specific surface area, organic matter content, salinity affected thermal properties to a lesser extent. The established patterns can be used to calculate the temperature regime of soils in solving a number of applied problems related to the construction of special soil objects, for example, when creating urban soil structures. For this, it is necessary either to determine the thermal conductivity experimentally, or to calculate it, using the physical parameters of soils and substrates. The first method is labor-consuming, the second is less accurate. As an example, the equations available for work in the HYDRUS-1D (Chang–Horton and Campbell) model are used. These equations either overestimate the thermal conductivity in the area of high substrate humidity, or underestimate the thermal conductivity in the area of low substrate humidity (sand, loam, peat and a mixture based on them).

In the presented research, the authors dealt with the specific properties of the combustion process of dimethyl ether (DME) in a combustion car (Volkswagen Golf IV) engine AJM 1.9 TDI PDE made by Volkswagen factory. Dimethyl ether is an alternative fuel produced most often from natural gas, which can be used in compression ignition engines as a single fuel or co-burned with diesel oil. This work describes the impacts of using exhaust gas recirculation system and various diesel to DME substitution ratios from 0% to approximately 25% (on an energy basis), on the combustion process in a dual-fuel diesel engine. The engine has been modified so that DME fuel is introduced into the intake manifold just before the intake valves. The diesel fuel supply system, operation algorithms of the engine electronic control unit and other engine elements were left unchanged as it was built by the manufacturer.

The war in Ukraine has led to an increase in the need for social assistance among vulnerable populations, which requires strengthening the capacity of social services to respond to new challenges. The purpose of this study is to examine the legal and technological framework for wartime assistance and to demonstrate the effectiveness of modern methods through theoretical and empirical analysis. Data collection and analysis were conducted in compliance with ethical and legal standards for social research. Currently, Ukrainian policy makes it possible to support models such as the proposed Integrated Social Services approach. However, the findings of the study indicate a potential need for legal/regulatory reforms to further strengthen the capacity to respond to crisis situations. The results confirm that the implemented interventions successfully address the problems of displaced persons, veterans, most-at-risk families, etc. Individual case management and group social and psychological trainings contribute to capacity development, and the model of integrated services allows for quick resolution of acute problems. Comparative evaluations show that the integrated system is superior to individual methods in quickly addressing crisis situations. However, new groups that fall outside the scope of current legislation, such as victims of domestic violence, may require mandatory expansion of eligibility criteria. Laws could also include standards for interagency coordination to address fragmentation. This urgent relevance highlights how robust legal/ethical foundations uphold assistance models in turmoil. It was also concluded that the implementation of legal reforms that would create a unified system of cooperation could mitigate these problems. In particular, legislation could formalise requirements such as data and information sharing between service providers, common case management procedures, common reporting standards and interdisciplinary partnerships. The practical significance of the study lies in the possibility of using the results of the problem analysis to create accessible mechanisms to improve the quality of support for vulnerable demographic groups. Enshrining access to care as an inalienable guarantee creates an ecosystem that is resilient to modern threats

Objective. To present a clinical case of surgical correction of a craniovertebral anomaly complicated after 8 years by distal junctional kyphosis, stenosis, antelisthesis of the C5 vertebra and compressive ischemic cervical myelopathy in the C5–C6 segment. Material and Methods. When treating a 56-year-old patient with multiple anomalies of the craniovertebral region, differentiated surgical technologies were consistently used due to the development of late complications. The sequence and rationale for surgical decision making is described. Results. Initially, the patient underwent transoral decompression and posterior occipitocervical fixation, and after 8 years - reinstallation of the system with distal extension of the instrumentation zone to the C7 vertebra with indirect posterior decompression of the spinal cord, anterior discectomy with direct decompression and cage fixation at the C5–C6 level. Regression of myelopathic syndrome, correction of orthopedic status and significant improvement in functional status were achieved. Conclusion. A rare clinical observation demonstrates a combination of basilar invagination with assimilation of the atlas, which has provided rationale for two-stage surgical treatment in one surgical session (1st stage – transoral resection of the dens and 2/3 of the C2 vertebral body with anterior decompression of the spinal cord, and 2nd stage – occipitocervical fixation). The use of extended systems in this case caused the development of a clinically significant syndrome of the distal adjacent level, which required repeated surgical treatment after 8 years.

Kazakhstan is currently drafting new construction regulations that comply with the major provisions of the Eurocodes. Such regulations are created on the basis of seismic zoning maps of various degrees of detail, developed by our Institute of Seismology using a new methodological approach for Kazakhstan. The article is about creating the first normative map of the Detailed Seismic Zoning on a probabilistic foundation for the Republic of Kazakhstan's East Kazakhstan region. We carried out the probabilistic assessment of seismic hazard using a methodology consistent with the main provisions of Eurocode 8 and updated compared with that used in developing maps of Kazakhstan's General Seismic Zoning and seismic microzoning of Almaty. The most thorough and current data accessible for the area under consideration were combined with contemporary analytical techniques. Updates have been done to not only the databases being used but also the way seismic sources were shown, including active faults now. On a scale of 1:1000000, precise seismic zoning maps of the East Kazakhstan region were created for two probabilities of exceedance: 10 % and 2 % in 50 years in terms of peak ground accelerations and macroseismic intensities. The obtained seismic hazard distribution is generally consistent with the General Seismic Zoning of Kazakhstan's previous findings. However, because active faults were included and a thoroughly revised catalog was used, there are more pronounced zones of increased danger along the fault in the western part of the region. In the west of the territory, acceleration values also increased due to a more accurate consideration of seismotectonic conditions. Zoning maps are the basis for developing new state building regulations of the Republic of Kazakhstan.