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1. Lycosa piochardi Simon 1876

Author: Steinpress, Igor Armiach, Cohen, Mira, Pétillon, Julien, Chipman, Ariel D., and Gavish-Regev, Efrat
Subjects: Arthropoda, Arachnida, Animalia, Araneae, Lycosa piochardi, Biodiversity, Lycosidae, Taxonomy, Lycosa
Abstract: Lycosa piochardi Simon, 1876 Figs 1, 2D, 3D, 4D, 5D, 6D, G, 7D, G, 9C–L, 10C–L, 11E–F, 12D, 13–18, 21C–D, 22C–D, 23–27 Lycosa piochardi Simon, 1876: 72, pl. 3 figs 8–9 (&male; &female;, Syria). Tarentula piochardi infraclara Strand, 1915: 167 (&female;, Israel). Syn. nov. Tarentula piochardi – Kulczy&nacute;ski 1911: 51, pl. 2 figs 60–61 (&female;, Lebanon). Lycosa piochardi infraclara – Roewer 1955: 269. Lycosa piochardi – Nentwig et al. 2019: 40, fig. 6a–b (&female;). — Nadolny & Zamani 2020: 209, fig. 19 (&female;). — Zamani et al. 2021: 284, figs 7a–f, 8a–o (&female;, Iran). Lycosa piochardi infraclara – Nentwig et al. 2019: 40, fig. 6c–e (&female;, subspecies inquirenda). Diagnosis Male Tegular apophysis tip (TAT) bent posteriorly at ~90° (in L. hyraculus sp. nov. TA unbent posteriorly). CTA (Fig. 2D) serrated (in L. hyraculus CTA smooth-edged), not wider than TA (in L. praegrandis, Fig. 2E, CTA wider than TA). Tip of conductor membranous, triangular, smooth-edged (in the similar L. praegrandis it is semicircular and unevenly toothed) (Figs 2D, 3D, 4D, 5D, 6D, 7D, 12D, 13). Female Epigyne: septal pedicel reduced, septum subtriangular to trapezoidal, proportions vary greatly! Copulatory openings narrow, at anterior end of septum. Distal part of spermatheca (Fig. 10C–L) bent dorso-ventrally (in the similar L. praegrandis it is bent distally, so that the left spermatheca twists counterclockwise, Fig. 10M). Head of spermatheca elongated, not much wider than spermatheca. Both sexes distinguished from other levantine Lycosa by habitus: ocular area Holotype SYRIA • &female;; 1876; M.Ch. Piochard de la Brûlerie leg.; MNHN 2076 (not examined). Paratypes SYRIA • 5 &female;&female;; same collection data as for holotype; MNHN 1266 (examined) Other material examined EGYPT – Sinai • 1 &female;; Al-Qusaymah (Kadesh Barnea); [30.668° N, 34.366° E]; 13 Nov. 1967; P. Amitai leg.; HUJ INV-AR20838 • 1 juv.; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR20839 • 1 &female;; Mt. Catherine; [28.56° N, 33.95° E]; 16 Aug. 1968; Tsabar leg.; HUJ INV-AR20860 • 1 &male;; same collection data as for preceding; 17 Jul. 1968; HUJ INV-AR20862 • 1 &male;; same collection data as for preceding; 16 Aug. 1968; HUJ INV-AR20861 ISRAEL and PALESTINE – Coastal Plain • 1 &male;; Ashdod sands; [31.763° N, 35.633° E]; 19 Jun. 2020; I. Armiach Steinpress leg.; col. sub.; HUJ INV-AR20734 • 1 &male;; Be’eri; [31.42° N, 34.48° E]; 22 Sep. 2011; HUJ INV-AR20923 • 1 &female;; east Holon (near Yamit 2000); [32° N, 34.793° E]; 20 Jul. 2017; I. Armiach Steinpress leg.; HUJ INV-AR20735 • 1 &female;; same collection data as for preceding; 28 Jul. 2018; HUJ INV-AR20782 • 1 juv.; ETSEL memorial monument, Lod; [31.9404° N, 34.8658° E]; 28 May 2014; I. Armiach Steinpress leg.; HUJ INV-AR20779 • 1 juv.; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR20780 • 1 &female;; Gaza area; [31.5° N, 34.46° E]; 1942; HUJ INV-AR20895 • 1 &male;; grove near Drezner st., Tel Aviv; [32.1295° N, 34.808° E]; 18 Jun. 2019; I.Armiach Steinpress leg.; col. juv.; HUJ INV-AR20730 • 1 &female;; same collection data as for preceding; col. sub.; HUJ INV-AR20731 • 1 &male;; same collection data as for preceding; col. sub.; HUJ INV-AR20732 • 1 &male;; same collection data as for preceding; col. sub.; HUJ INV-AR20733 • 1 &female;; Hadera sands; [32.461° N, 34.885° E]; 23 Aug. 2018; I. Armiach Steinpress leg.; HUJ INV-AR20759 • 1 &male;; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR20760 • 1 &male;; same collection data as for preceding;col. sub.; HUJ INV-AR20761 • 1 &male;; same collection data as for preceding; 4 Jul. 2019; col. sub.; HUJ INV-AR20787 • 1 &female;; Hatsor; [31.77° N, 34.71° E]; 2008; HUJ INV-AR20897 • 1 &male;; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR20898 • 1 &male;; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR20899 • 1 &female;; Jaffa-Rehoboth; [31.95° N, 34.78° E]; May 1913; I. Aharoni leg.; SMFD2184 • 1 &female;; Kfar Bialik; [32.82° N, 35.087° E]; 17 Sep. 2018; HUJ INV-AR20913 • 1 &female;; same collection data as for preceding; 7 Sep. 2018; with eggsac; HUJ INV-AR20950 • 1 &female;; Mavo Ashdod; [31.84° N, 34.7° E]; 24 Aug. 2015; HUJ INV-AR20926 • 1 &male;; Nitzanim; [31.739° N, 34.623° E]; 11 Jul. 2017; I. Armiach Steinpress leg.; col. juv.; HUJ INV-AR20683 • 1 &male;; Nitzanim sands; 7 Aug. 2017; B. Shacham leg.; HUJ INV-AR20572 • 1 &female;; Oranim boarding School, Rishon LeTsiyon; [31.944° N, 34.805° E]; 24 Aug. 2013; I. Armiach Steinpress leg.; HUJ INV-AR20762 • 1 &female;; Ramat-Gan; [32.08° N, 34.81° E]; 1947; A. Shulov leg.; HUJ INV-AR 20526 • 1 &male;; Rehovot; [31.8992° N, 34.8363° E]; 5 Sep. 2019; I. Armiach Steinpress leg.; HUJ INV-AR20788 • 1 &female;; Savyon; [32.04° N, 34.87° E]; 29 Sep. 1972; HUJ INV-AR20937 • 1 &female;; Superland, Rishon LeTsiyon; [31.9748° N, 34.74235° E]; 6 Sep. 2018; I. Armiach Steinpress leg.; HUJ INV-AR20790 • 1 &female;; Talmei Menashe; [31.941° N, 34.853° E]; 28 May 2014; I. Armiach Steinpress leg.; col. sub.; HUJ INV-AR20781 • 1 juv.; Tel Akko; [32.9212° N, 35.0877° E]; 20 Aug. 2018; I. Armiach Steinpress leg.; HUJ INV-AR20736 • 1 &female;; Tel Baruch, Tel Aviv; [32.13° N, 34.789° E]; 22 Aug. 2020; D. Simon leg.; HUJ INV-AR20584 • 1 &female;; Tel Kofer, Tel Aviv; [32.04° N, 34.807° E]; 12 Oct. 2018; I.Armiach Steinpress leg.; HUJ INV-AR20685 • 1 &female;; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR20686 • 1 &female;; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR20687 • 1 &female;; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR20688 • 1 &female;; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR20689 • 1 &female;; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR20690 • 1 &female;; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR20691 • 1 &female;; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR20692 • 1 &female;; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR20693 • 1 &female;; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR20694 • 1 &female;; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR20695 • 1 &female;; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR20696 • 1 &female;; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR20697 • 1 &female;; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR20698 • &female;; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR20699 • 1 &female;; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR20700 • 1 &female;; same collection data as for preceding; with eggsac; HUJ INV-AR20701 • 1 &female;; same collection data as for preceding; with eggsac; HUJ INV-AR20702 • 1 &female;; same collection data as for preceding; with eggsac; HUJ INV-AR20703 • 1 &female;; same collection data as for preceding; with eggsac; HUJ INV-AR20704 • 1 &male;; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR20705 • 1 &female;; Tel Michal, Herzlia; [32.162° N, 34.8° E]; 16 Jun. 2017; I. Armiach Steinpress leg.; col. sub; HUJ INV-AR20716 • 1 &female;; Tira; [32.234° N, 34.934° E]; 17 Jun. 2019; A. Topper leg.; col. sub; HUJ INV-AR20548 • 1 juv.; Yashresh nature reserve, Rehovot; [31.9155° N, 34.8304° E]; 9 Mar. 2018; I. Armiach Steinpress leg.; HUJ INV-AR20813. – Dead Sea Area • 1 &female;; Ein Feshkha; [31.716° N, 35.451° E]; 15 May 1935; A. Shulov leg.; HUJ INV-AR20530 • 1 &female;; Hawat Einot Kedem; [31.928° N, 35.4301° E]; 2 Jun. 2019; E. Gavish-Regev leg.; col. juv.; HUJ INV-AR20621 • 1 &female;; same collection data as for preceding; col. juv.; HUJ INV-AR20622 • 1 &female;; same collection data as for preceding; col. sub.; HUJ INV-AR20623 • 1 &female;; Jericho; [31.85° N, 35.46° E]; 12 Dec. 1987; P.Amitai leg.; HUJ INV-AR20837 • 1 &female;; same collection data as for preceding; 10 Nov. 1971; with juv.; HUJ INV-AR20904. – Galilee • 1 &female;; Adamit; [33.081° N, 35.21° E]; 10 Aug. 1964; HUJ INV-AR20903 • 1 &female;; Ahihud forest; [32.92° N, 35.19° E]; 10 Oct. 2017; B. Shacham leg.; HUJ INV-AR20556 • 1 &female;; Biq`at Qedesh; [33.13° N, 35.54° E]; 13 May 2015; E. Gavish-Regev leg.; HUJ INV-AR20588 • 1 &male;; Dishon; [33.085° N, 35.519° E]; 14 Aug. 2014; E. Gavish-Regev leg.; HUJ INV-AR20589 • 1 &male;; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR20590 • 1 &male;; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR20591 • &male;; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR20592 • 1 &female;; Eilon; [33.059° N, 35.224° E]; 24 Jul. 2018; I. Armiach Steinpress leg.; col. juv.; HUJ INV-AR20763 • 1 juv.; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR20764 • 1 juv.; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR20765 • 1 &female;; same collection data as for preceding; col. sub.; HUJ INV-AR20766 • 1 &female;; same collection data as for preceding; col. sub.; HUJ INV-AR20767 • 1 &female;; same collection data as for preceding; col. sub.; HUJ INV-AR20768 • 1 &male;; same collection data as for preceding; col. sub.; HUJ INV-AR20769 • 1 &male;; same collection data as for preceding; col. sub.; HUJ INV-AR20770 • 1 &male;; same collection data as for preceding; col. sub.; HUJ INV-AR20771 • 1 &male;; Har Eliezer; [33.044° N, 35.55° E]; Sep. 1995; HUJ INV-AR20955 • 1 &female;; Kfar HaHoresh; [32.7° N, 35.27° E]; 9 Oct. 1968; Gershoni leg.; HUJ INV-AR20679 • 1 &male;; Kfar Kisch; [32.67° N, 35.45° E]; 19 Aug. 2008; HUJ INV-AR20917 • 1 &female;; Moreshet; [32.825° N, 35.232° E]; 23 Sep. 2018; with eggsac; HUJ INV-AR20924 • 1 juv.; Mt. Meron; [32.99° N, 35.41° E]; 9 Apr. 1967; Pener leg.; sub. female; HUJ INV-AR20853 • 1 &male;; Nahal Snir; [33.235° N, 35.676° E]; 9 Jul. 1992; R. Kasher leg.; HUJ INV-AR20854 • 1 &female;; Nahal Tzippori; [32.75° N, 35.19° E]; 30 Apr. 2018; D. Ben Natan leg.; col. juv.; HUJ INV-AR20576 • 1 &female;; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR20577 • 1 &male;; same collection data as for preceding; I. Tesler leg.; HUJ INV-AR20821 • 1 &female;; north Yiftah; [33.134° N, 35.548° E]; 9–17 Sep. 2015; E. Gavish-Regev leg.; HUJ INV-AR20633 • 1 juv.; Ramot Naftali; [33.1° N, 35.547° E]; 13 May 2014; sub. female.; HUJ INV-AR20905 • 1 &female;; Safed; [32.966° N, 35.491° E]; 2 Oct. 1967; Blondheim leg.; HUJ INV-AR20574 • 1 &female;; Yavne’el; [32.697° N, 35.5° E]; 1 Aug. 2019; Y. Zvik leg.; col. juv.; HUJ INV-AR20869 • 1 &male;; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR20870 • 1 &male;; Yuvalim; [32.877° N, 35.27° E]; 3 Aug. 2018; I. Armiach Steinpress leg.; HUJ INV-AR20785 • 1 &female;; same collection data as for preceding; 30 Apr. 2017; col. juv.; HUJ INV-AR20783 • 1 juv.; same collection data as for preceding; 3 Aug. 2018; HUJ INV-AR20786 • 1 &male;; same collection data as for preceding; 30 Apr. 2017; col. sub.; HUJ INV-AR20784 • 1 &male;; Zar’it; [33.085° N, 35.51° E]; 9–18 Aug. 2014; E. Gavish-Regev leg.; HUJ INV-AR20634 • 1 &male;; same collection data as for preceding; 18 Aug. 2014; HUJ INV-AR20594 • 1 &male;; Zavit cave; [33.038° N, 35.306° E]; 23 Aug. 2018; E. Gavish-Regev leg.; HUJ INV-AR20598. – Golan Heights • 1 &female;; Horvat Susita; [32.777°, 35.663° E]; 26 Jul. 2018; E. Gavish-Regev leg.; HUJ INV-AR20607 • 1 &female;; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR20608 • &female;; same collection data as for preceding; col. juv.; HUJ INV-AR20609 • 1 &female;; same collection data as for preceding; col. sub.; HUJ INV-AR20610 • 1 &female;; same collection data as for preceding; col. sub.; HUJ INV-AR20611 • 1 &female;; same collection data as for preceding; col. sub.; HUJ INV-AR20612 • 1 &female;; same collection data as for preceding; col. sub.; HUJ INV-AR20613 • 1 juv.; same collection data as for preceding; sub. female; HUJ INV-AR20614 • 1 &male;; same collection data as for preceding; col. sub.; HUJ INV-AR20615 • 1 &female;; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR20664 • 1 &female;; Nahal Yehudiya; [32.926° N, 35.7003° E]; 24 May 2015; B. Shacham leg.; HUJ INV-AR20567 • 1 &female;; same collection data as for preceding; [32.9221° N, 35.678° E]; 3 Jun. 2015; HUJ INV-AR20569 • 1 juv.; Odem Forest; [33.22° N, 35.75° E]; 14 Jun. 1972; P. Amitai leg.; sub. female; HUJ INV-AR20841 • 1 &female;; Qatsrin; [32.988° N, 35.677° E]; 7 Oct. 2018; I. Armiach Steinpress leg.v; HUJ INV-AR20791 • 1 &female;; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR20792 • 1 &female;; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR20793 • 1 &female;; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR20794 • 1 &female;; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR20795 • 1 &female;; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR20796 • 1 &female;; same collection data as for preceding; with eggsac; HUJ INV-AR20797 • 1 &female;; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR20798 • 1 &female;; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR20799 • 1 &female;; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR20800 • 1 &female;; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR20801 • 1 &female;; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR20802 • 1 &female;; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR20803 • 1 &female;; same collection data as for preceding; with eggsac; HUJ INV-AR20804 • 1 &female;; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR20805 • 1 &female;; same collection data as for preceding; with eggsac; HUJ INV-AR20806 • 1 &female;; same collection data as for preceding; with eggsac; HUJ INV-AR20807 • 1 &female;; same collection data as for preceding; with eggsac; HUJ INV-AR20808 • 1 &female;; same collection data as for preceding; with eggsac; HUJ INV-AR20809 • 1 &female;; same collection data as for preceding; with eggsac; HUJ INV-AR20810 • 1 &male;; Waset (Wassit); [33.139° N, 35.733° E]; 19 Jul. 1970; HUJ INV-AR20918. – Hermon • 1 juv.; Hermon; [33.3° N, 35.78° E]; 23 Jun. 2017; N. Givon leg.; HUJ INV-AR20834 • 1 juv.; same collection data as for preceding; [33.28° N, 35.75° E]; 6 Apr. 1967; P. Amitai leg.; sub. female; HUJ INV-AR20847 • 1 &female;; Hermon; [33.29° N, 35.759° E]; 1400 m a.s.l.; 2 Jun. 2017; A. Uzan leg.; col. juv.; HUJ INV-AR20549 • 1 juv.; same collection data as for preceding; [33.28° N, 35.75° E]; 6 Apr. 1971; HUJ INV-AR20949 • 1 juv.; Hermon; [33.3043° N, 35.7882° E]; 2000 m a.s.l.; 9 Sep. 1971; Lebovits leg.; dolina; HUJ INV-AR20832 • 1 juv.; Hermon (dolina near peak 2072); 23 Jun. 2017; N. Givon leg.; HUJ INV-AR20833 • 1 &female;; Hermon (near upper chairlift station); [33.306° N, 35.784° E]; 9 Jun. 2019; D. David leg.; HUJ INV-AR20583 • 1 &female;; same collection data as for preceding; [33.3061° N, 35.7851° E]; 14 Jul. 2019; EGR, MC; HUJ INV-AR20674 • 1 &female;; same collection data as for preceding; [33.304° N, 35.789° E]; 23 Jun. 2017; I.Armiach Steinpress leg.; HUJ INV-AR20758 • 1 &female;; Nabi Hazuri; [33.251° N, 35.729° E]; 24 Aug. 2018; I. Armiach Steinpress leg.; HUJ INV-AR20772 • 1 &female;; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR20773 • 1 &male;; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR20774 • 1 &male;; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR20775 • 1 &male;; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR20776. – Emeq Yizra'el • 1 &female;; Kfar Baruh Reservoir; [32.643° N, 35.218° E]; 16 Sep. 2019; I.Armiach Steinpress leg.; HUJ INV-AR20710 • 1 &female;; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR20711 • 1 &female;; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR20712 • 1 &female;; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR20713 • 1 &female;; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR20714 • 1 &female;; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR20715 • 1 juv.; same collection data as for preceding; [32.641° N, 35.219° E]; 6 Feb. 2018; HUJ INV-AR20789 • 1 juv.; Sarid; [32.6674° N, 35.229° E]; 22 Jun. 2020; Y. Zvik leg.; sub. female; HUJ INV-AR20962. – Jordan Valley • 1 &female;; Ashdot Ya’akov; [32.66° N, 35.578° E]; 5 Aug. 1972; Zevi leg.; HUJ INV-AR20894 • 1 &female;; same collection data as for preceding; Oct. 1971; with eggsac; HUJ INV-AR20957 • 1 &male;; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR20958 • 1 &female;; Ein Sukkot; [32.365° N, 35.547° E]; 11 May 2017; B. Shacham leg.; col. juv.; HUJ INV-AR20557 • 1 &female;; Karei Deshe; [32.862° N, 35.536° E]; 16 Sep. 2013; HUJ INV-AR20910 • 1 &female;; Maoz Haim; [32.4935° N, 35.5517° E]; 30 Jan. 1943; A. Shulov leg.; HUJ INV-AR20534 • 1 &female;; Menahemia; [32.664° N, 35.5538° E]; 22 Sep. 2019; Y. Zvik leg.; HUJ INV-AR20871 • 1 juv.; same collection data as for preceding; 24 May 2017; sub. female; HUJ INV-AR20927 • 1 &male;; Nahal Hagal; [32.631° N, 35.554° E]; 21 Jun. 2015; col. sub.; HUJ INV-AR20921 • 1 &female;; Sde Eliyahu; [32.441° N, 35.514° E]; 23 Jun. 2019; Y. Zvik leg.; col. sub.; HUJ INV-AR20872 • 1 &female;; Southern Jordan Valley; [32.2471° N, 35.5588° E]; 23Apr. 2017; B. Shacham leg.; col. juv.; HUJ INV-AR20564 • 1 juv.;same collection data as for preceding; [32.0446° N, 35.5166° E]; 24 Apr. 2017; HUJ INV-AR20566. – Judea • 1 juv.;`Ayn ad Duyuk (near Jericho); [31.8959° N, 35.4222° E]; 8 Jun. 1978; P. Amitai leg.; sub. female; HUJ INV-AR20848 • 1 &female;; Alon; [31.833° N, 35.352° E]; Jan. 2016; D. Waysman leg.; HUJ INV-AR20585 • 1 &female;; Arad; [31.26° N, 35.21° E]; 9 Dec. 2015; HUJ INV-AR20953 • 1 &female;; Arad Cemetery; [31.273° N, 35.229° E]; 31 Jul. 2018; J. Ballesteros Chaves leg.; HUJ INV-AR20822 • 1 &female;; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR20823 • 1 &female;; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR20824 • 1 &female;; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR20825 • 1 &female;; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR20826 • 1 &male;; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR20827 • 1 &male;; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR20828 • 1 &male;; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR20829 • 1 &male;; same collection data as for preced, Published as part of Steinpress, Igor Armiach, Cohen, Mira, Pétillon, Julien, Chipman, Ariel D. & Gavish-Regev, Efrat, 2022, Lycosa Latreille, 1804 (Araneae, Lycosidae) of Israel, with a note on Geolycosa Montgomery, 1904, pp. 1-54 in European Journal of Taxonomy 832 (1) on pages 27-43, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.832.1877, http://zenodo.org/record/6916850, {"references":["Simon E. 1876. Etudes arachnologiques. 4 e memoire. VII. Revision des especes europeennes du groupe de la Lycosa tarentula Rossi. Annales de la Societe entomologique de France (5) 6: 57 - 91.","Strand E. 1915. Dritte Mitteilung uber Spinnen aus Palastina, gesammelt von Herrn Dr J. Aharoni. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte 81 (A 2): 134 - 171.","Kulczynski W. 1911. Fragmenta Arachnologica. XVI, XVII. Bulletin international de l'Academie des Sciences de Cracovie 1911: 12 - 75.","Roewer C. F. 1955. Katalog der Araneae von 1758 bis 1940, bzw. 1954. 2. Band, Abt. a (Lycosaeformia, Dionycha [excl. Salticiformia]). 2. Band, Abt. b (Salticiformia, Cribellata) (Synonyma-Verzeichnis, Gesamtindex). Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Brussels.","Nentwig W., Blick T., Gloor D., Jager P. & Kropf C. 2019. Tackling taxonomic redundancy in spiders: the infraspecific spider taxa described by Embrik Strand (Arachnida: Araneae). Arachnologische Mitteilungen 58: 29 - 51. https: // doi. org / 10.30963 / aramit 5809","Nadolny A. A. & Zamani A. 2020. A new species of wolf spiders of the genus Lycosa (Aranei: Lycosidae) from Iran. Zoosystematica Rossica 29 (2): 205 - 212. https: // doi. org / 10.31610 / zsr / 2020.29.2.205","Zamani A., Nadolny A. A., Esyunin S. L. & Marusik Y. M. 2021. New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae), part VIII. Zoosystematica Rossica 30 (2): 279 - 297. https: // doi. org / 10.31610 / zsr / 2021.30.2.279","Linnaeus C. 1758. Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species cum characteribus differentiis, synonymis, locis. Editio decima, reformata. Holmiae. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 542","Koch C. L. 1838. Die Arachniden. C. H. Zeh'sche Buchhandlung, Nurnberg. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 43744"]}
Published: 2022
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2. Lycosidae Sundevall 1833

Author: Steinpress, Igor Armiach, Cohen, Mira, Pétillon, Julien, Chipman, Ariel D., and Gavish-Regev, Efrat
Subjects: Arthropoda, Arachnida, Animalia, Araneae, Biodiversity, Lycosidae, Taxonomy
Abstract: Key to large lycosids (Geolycosa, Hogna, Lycosa) of Israel and Palestine 1. First eye row as wide as second eye row (PME). Second eye row narrower than half of front of the carapace. Posterior eyes arranged in trapezoid................................................................................. 2 – First eye row narrower than second eye row (PME). Second eye row wider than half of front of carapace. Posterior eyes arranged in rectangle................................................................................. 3 2. Base of epigyne septum as wide as half of length of pedicel. Terminal apophysis with prolateral spur that is longer than half of width of bulb (incl. spur)................................................................................................................... Geolycosa vultuosa (C.L. Koch, 1838) Figs 2A, 3A, 4A, 5A, 6A, 7A, 8A – Base of epigyne septum as wide as length of pedicel. Terminal apophysis with prolateral spur that is shorter than half of width of bulb (incl. spur).............................................................................................................................................................. Hogna effera (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1872) Fig. 8F 3. Epigyne septum hammer-shaped, pedicel long. Terminal apophysis with prolateral spur......................................................................................................... Hogna (cf.) graeca (Roewer, 1951) Fig. 8E – Epigyne septum trapezoid, pedicel greatly reduced to absent. Terminal apophysis without prolateral spur........................................................................................................... Lycosa Latreille, 1804 …4 4. Ocular area less than one third of length of carapace. Tegular apophysis tip curving posteriorly at ~90°. Left spermatheca not twisting clockwise................................................................................ 5 – Ocular area longer than one third of length of carapace. Tegular apophysis tip directed retrolaterally and not curving posteriorly. Left spermatheca twisting clockwise................................................... 6 5. Crest of tegular apophysis ½ width of tegular apophysis. Conductor tip acute. Base of spermathecae parallel or subparallel, not helical...................................................... Lycosa piochardi Simon, 1876 Figs 2D, 3D, 4D, 5D, 6D, G, 7D, G, 9C–L, 10C–L, 11E–F, 12C, 13–18 – Crest of tegular apophysis>½ width of tegular apophysis. Conductor tip blunt. Base of spermathecae helical, twisting counterclockwise... Lycosa praegrandis C.L. Koch, 1836 Figs 2E, 9M, 10M, 12A (Not yet known from the southern Levant. May be present in nearby areas) 6. Tegular apophysis tip and crest of tegular apophysis distinct from one another. Septal pedicel present. Atria of epigyne visible........................................................................................................................... Lycosa hyraculus sp. nov. Figs 2C, 3C, 4C, 5C, 6C, F, 7C, F, 8C–D, 9B, 10B, 11C–D, 12C, 19 – Tegular apophysis tip indistinct from the crest and continuing line of crest of tegular apophysis........................................................ Lycosa gesserit sp. nov. Figs 2B, 3B, 4B, 5B, 6B, 7B, 8B, 12B, 20 – Septal pedicel absent. Atria of epigyne not visible........... Lycosa sp. Figs 6E, 7E, 9A, 10A, 12A–B, Published as part of Steinpress, Igor Armiach, Cohen, Mira, Pétillon, Julien, Chipman, Ariel D. & Gavish-Regev, Efrat, 2022, Lycosa Latreille, 1804 (Araneae, Lycosidae) of Israel, with a note on Geolycosa Montgomery, 1904, pp. 1-54 in European Journal of Taxonomy 832 (1) on pages 10-11, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.832.1877, http://zenodo.org/record/6916850, {"references":["Koch C. L. 1838. Die Arachniden. C. H. Zeh'sche Buchhandlung, Nurnberg. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 43744","Simon E. 1876. Etudes arachnologiques. 4 e memoire. VII. Revision des especes europeennes du groupe de la Lycosa tarentula Rossi. Annales de la Societe entomologique de France (5) 6: 57 - 91.","Koch C. L. 1836. Die Arachniden. Dritter Band. C. H. Zeh'sche Buchhandlung, Nurnberg. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 43744"]}
Published: 2022
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3. Geolycosa Montgomery 1904

Author: Steinpress, Igor Armiach, Cohen, Mira, Pétillon, Julien, Chipman, Ariel D., and Gavish-Regev, Efrat
Subjects: Arthropoda, Geolycosa, Arachnida, Animalia, Araneae, Biodiversity, Lycosidae, Taxonomy
Abstract: Genus Geolycosa Montgomery, 1904 Type species Geolycosa latifrons Montgomery, 1904. Diagnosis Large lycosids; carapace elevated anteriorly; PME and ALE forming rectangle; septal pedicel on epigyne and spur on TA long (Zyuzin & Logunov 2000). Description Leg I strongest, nearly as long as IV, with thick scopulae on three terminal joints. Chelicerae large. Cephalic region of cephalothorax raised. 1 st eye row as wide as 2 nd eye row (PME). Otherwise, similar to Lycosa (Montgomery 1904). The type species with elongated epigynal septum and elongated palpal TA (Wallace 1942). Natural history Burrowing lycosids, not venturing far from their burrow (except mature males) (Wallace 1942). Distribution In its current composition Geolycosa is nearly cosmopolitan, recorded in all continents, except Antarctica, in tropical to temperate latitudes. Relationships Geolycosa is a polyphyletic genus, as shown by Piecentini et al. (2019). The morphology is possibly a convergence across Lycosinae, due to adaptation to a digging lifestyle. The type species is from North America, and it might not be related to the Old-World species. Composition 72 species are recorded in the World Spider Catalog (2022)., Published as part of Steinpress, Igor Armiach, Cohen, Mira, Pétillon, Julien, Chipman, Ariel D. & Gavish-Regev, Efrat, 2022, Lycosa Latreille, 1804 (Araneae, Lycosidae) of Israel, with a note on Geolycosa Montgomery, 1904, pp. 1-54 in European Journal of Taxonomy 832 (1) on pages 11-12, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.832.1877, http://zenodo.org/record/6916850, {"references":["Montgomery T. H. 1904. Descriptions of North American Araneae of the families Lycosidae and Pisauridae. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 56: 261 - 325.","Zyuzin A. A. & Logunov D. V. 2000. New and little-known species of the Lycosidae from Azerbaijan, the Caucasus (Araneae, Lycosidae). Bulletin of the British Arachnological Society 11: 305 - 319.","Wallace H. K. 1942. A revision of the burrowing spiders of the genus Geolycosa. The American Midland Naturalist 27 (1): 1 - 62. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 2421024","World Spider Catalog. 2022. World Spider Catalog. Version 22.5. Natural History Museum Bern. Available from http: // wsc. nmbe. ch [accessed 9 Dec. 2021]. https: // doi. org / 10.24436 / 2"]}
Published: 2022
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4. Geolycosa vultuosa

Author: Steinpress, Igor Armiach, Cohen, Mira, Pétillon, Julien, Chipman, Ariel D., and Gavish-Regev, Efrat
Subjects: Geolycosa vultuosa, Arthropoda, Geolycosa, Arachnida, Animalia, Araneae, Biodiversity, Lycosidae, Taxonomy
Abstract: Geolycosa vultuosa (C.L. Koch, 1838) Figs 1, 2A, 3A, 4A, 5A, 6A, 7A, 8A, 21A, 22A Lycosa vultuosa C.L. Koch, 1838: 102, figs 407–408 (D &male; &female;). Lycosa infernalis Motschulsky, 1849: 289, pl. 2 figs 1–2 (D &male;; N.B.: considered a nomen dubium by Zyuzin & Logunov 2000: 309). Trochosa infernalis Thorell, 1875: 172 (D &female;). Arctosa vultuosa – Simon 1864: 346. Trochosa infernalis – Lendl 1887: 37, 51, figs 1–15 (&male; &female;). Mimohogna vultuosa – Roewer 1955: 279. Lycosa vultuosa – Fuhn & Niculescu-Burlacu 1971: 202, figs 98a–b, 99a–f (&male; &female;). — Miller 1971: 154, pl. xxiii fig. 24, pl. xxiv fig. 5 (&male; &female;). — Loksa 1972: 51, figs 44c, 46c–d (&male; &female;). — Mcheidze 1997: 226, figs 474–475 (&male; &female;). Geolycosa vultuosa – Zyuzin & Logunov 2000: 308, figs 5–6, 10 (T &male; &female; from Lycosa). — Kovblyuk et al. 2012: 246, figs 8, 11, 14, 18, 21, 27, 30, 36, 39, 43 (&male; &female;). Diagnosis Large lycosids (carapace> 5 mm). 1 st eye row as wide as 2 nd eye row (PME). Front of cephalothorax square from above. 1 st eye row 0.5 width of bulb. The only species of Geolycosa in the Levantine region (Figs 1A, 2A, 3A, 4A, 5A, 6A). The only species in the Levant with a similar habitus is Hogna effera (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1872). It is generally smaller, with septal pedicel as long as width of septum base, TA smaller than 0.5 width of bulb. Material examined ISRAEL – Galilee • 2 &male;&male;; Karmiel; [32.9168° N, 35.2946° E]; 30 Dec. 2016; I. Armiach Steinpress leg.; HUJ INV-AR20960, HUJ INV-AR20961. Natural history This is a burrowing species, found mainly in open, herbaceous habitats (Mcheidze 1997). Hibernation takes place in the burrow (at least in the north of its range) (Mcheidze 1997), juveniles emerge in springtime. Maturation takes about a year (Mcheidze 1997). The species is preyed upon by pompiliids, scorpions and centipedes, and the eggs are subject to mite infestations (Mcheidze 1997). The specimens examined in this study were found active in daytime in an urban meadow: one on the surface, the other in a burrow with a turret made of soil (Figs 7A, 19A, 21A, 22, Table 4). Distribution AZERBAIJAN, BULGARIA, GEORGIA, HUNGARY, IRAN, RUSSIA, TURKEY, UKRAINE (World Spider Catalog 2022), ISRAEL. According to Mcheidze (1997), also SYRIA. Records ISRAEL: Galilee (Karmiel) (Fig. 1). Relationships Geolycosa vultuosa is related to Geolycosa charitonovi (Mcheidze, 1997) and Geolycosa dunini Zyuzin & Logunov, 2000 (Zyuzin & Logunov 2000). The type species of Geolycosa (G. latifrons Montgomery, 1904) is of Nearctic distribution. It may not be congeneric with the Palearctic species ascribed to Geolycosa. As the revision work needed to find the correct phylogenetic placement of G. vultuosa is widely beyond the scope of this work, we refrained from moving G. vultuosa to a different genus., Published as part of Steinpress, Igor Armiach, Cohen, Mira, Pétillon, Julien, Chipman, Ariel D. & Gavish-Regev, Efrat, 2022, Lycosa Latreille, 1804 (Araneae, Lycosidae) of Israel, with a note on Geolycosa Montgomery, 1904, pp. 1-54 in European Journal of Taxonomy 832 (1) on pages 12-13, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.832.1877, http://zenodo.org/record/6916850, {"references":["Koch C. L. 1838. Die Arachniden. C. H. Zeh'sche Buchhandlung, Nurnberg. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 43744","Motschulsky V. 1849. Note on two venomous spiders from southern Russia. Bulletin of the Imperial Society of Naturalists in Moscow 1: 289 - 290.","Zyuzin A. A. & Logunov D. V. 2000. New and little-known species of the Lycosidae from Azerbaijan, the Caucasus (Araneae, Lycosidae). Bulletin of the British Arachnological Society 11: 305 - 319.","Thorell T. 1875. Descriptions of several European and North African spiders. Kongliga Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar 13 (5): 1 - 204.","Simon E. 1864. Histoire Naturelle des Araignees (Araneides). Librairie encyclopedique de Roret, Paris. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 47654","Lendl A. 1887. A Trochosa infernalis (Motsch.) parzasarol es parzasi szerveirol. Uber die Begattung und die Copulationsorgane von Trochosa infernalis Motsch. Termeszetrajzi Fuzetek 11 (1): 30 - 40, 51 - 57.","Roewer C. F. 1955. Katalog der Araneae von 1758 bis 1940, bzw. 1954. 2. Band, Abt. a (Lycosaeformia, Dionycha [excl. Salticiformia]). 2. Band, Abt. b (Salticiformia, Cribellata) (Synonyma-Verzeichnis, Gesamtindex). Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Brussels.","Fuhn I. E. & Niculescu-Burlacu F. 1971. Fam. Lycosidae. In: Fauna Republicii Socialiste Romania 260 Arachnida Volumul V, Fascicula 3. Academiei Republicii Socialiste Romania, Bucharest.","Miller F. 1971. Pavouci-Araneida. Klic zvireny CSSR 4: 51 - 306.","Loksa I. 1972. Araneae II. Fauna Hungariae 109: 1 - 112.","Mcheidze T. S. 1997. Spiders of Georgia: Systematics, Ecology, Zoogeographic Review. Tbilisi Univ.","Kovblyuk M. M., Otto S., Marusik Y. M. & Ponomarev A. V. 2012. Redescription of the Caucasian species Geolycosa charitonovi (Mcheidze, 1997) (Araneae: Lycosidae), with the first description of the male. Bulletin of the British Arachnological Society 15 (8): 245 - 252. https: // doi. org / 10.13156 / arac. 2012.15.1.245","Simon E. 1876. Etudes arachnologiques. 4 e memoire. VII. Revision des especes europeennes du groupe de la Lycosa tarentula Rossi. Annales de la Societe entomologique de France (5) 6: 57 - 91.","Koch C. L. 1836. Die Arachniden. Dritter Band. C. H. Zeh'sche Buchhandlung, Nurnberg. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 43744","World Spider Catalog. 2022. World Spider Catalog. Version 22.5. Natural History Museum Bern. Available from http: // wsc. nmbe. ch [accessed 9 Dec. 2021]. https: // doi. org / 10.24436 / 2","Montgomery T. H. 1904. Descriptions of North American Araneae of the families Lycosidae and Pisauridae. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 56: 261 - 325."]}
Published: 2022
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5. Lycosa undetermined

Author: Steinpress, Igor Armiach, Cohen, Mira, Pétillon, Julien, Chipman, Ariel D., and Gavish-Regev, Efrat
Subjects: Arthropoda, Arachnida, Animalia, Araneae, Biodiversity, Lycosa undetermined, Lycosidae, Taxonomy, Lycosa
Abstract: Lycosa sp. Figs 1, 6E, 7E, 9A, 10A, 11A–B Diagnosis Female Epigyne: septal pedicel absent, septum trapezoidal, broader proximally, as wide as long. Copulatory openings not visible in ventral view (only Lycosa in the Levant without visible copulatory openings!) (Figs 6E, 7E, 9A, 10A, 11A–B). Male Unknown. Material examined ISRAEL – Arava Valley • &female;; Nahal Amatsyahu; [30.835° N, 35.275° E]; 13 Nov. 1988; B. Shalmon leg.; HUJ INV-AR20573. Description Female FEMALE MEASUREMENTS. AME diameter: 0.45; ALE diameter: 0.3; PME diameter: 1.1; PLE diameter: 1; carapace length: 7.1; carapace width: 5.2; carapace maximal height: 3; abdomen length: 10.7; leg I (Fe, Pa, Ti, Mt, Tr): 5.7, 2.7, 4.2, 3.7, 2.4; leg II: 5.4, 2.7, 4, 3.9, 2.3; leg III: 5.1, 2.5, 3.7, 4.9, 2.4; leg IV: 6.6, 2.4, 5.2, 7, 2.9. CARAPACE. Ocular area>&frac13; length of carapace, distinctly raised, making the carapace between PLE and fovea appear slightly concave in profile. COLOR. Carapace cream colored, darker on margins, with chocolate brown median bands, connecting to dark ocular area. Sternum yellow. Chelicerae reddish-brown. Abdomen cream colored with light brown chevrons dorsad. Abdomen venter with black patch posterior to epigastric fold, connecting to two parallel black bars stretching towards spinnerets (Π shaped patch). Spinnerets yellow. Legs yellow, infused with brown dorsad, yellow ventrad with two black bands on tibia, to reddish-brown distad, Coxae and trochanters yellow. Pedipalps yellow, to dark brown distad (Figs 6E, 7E). GENITALIA. Epigyne longer than wide. Septal pedicel absent, septum connects directly to epigyne. Septum trapezoidal, wider proximally, about as long as proximal part of epigyne. Copulatory openings not seen in ventral view. Spermatheca spiral-shaped, distal part arching laterally. Head of spermatheca slightly wider than sperm duct, oval, positioned anterior to copulatory opening (Figs 9A, 10A, 11A–B). LEGS. Metatarsus I ventral spination: 2 pairs + apical triplet. Tibia I ventral spination: 2 pairs + apical pair. Tarsus with scopula. Natural history A single female was collected in the hyperarid desert (annual precipitation L. gesserit sp. nov. and L. hyraculus sp. nov. Additionally, it is the only other specimen in our dataset, apart from the L. gesserit male, to exhibit a ventral patch on the abdomen shaped like the letter Π. As we could not know whether this is a new species or the female of L. gesserit, it is described here as Lycosa sp. only. Notes We executed at least five field trips to the locality where this specimen was collected, at different dates, and couldn’t find a single specimen of Lycosa any more. Since 1988, when the specimen was collected, intensive agriculture has changed the area, and this might have eradicated the habitat of this species., Published as part of Steinpress, Igor Armiach, Cohen, Mira, Pétillon, Julien, Chipman, Ariel D. & Gavish-Regev, Efrat, 2022, Lycosa Latreille, 1804 (Araneae, Lycosidae) of Israel, with a note on Geolycosa Montgomery, 1904, pp. 1-54 in European Journal of Taxonomy 832 (1) on pages 25-27, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.832.1877, http://zenodo.org/record/6916850, {"references":["Koch C. L. 1836. Die Arachniden. Dritter Band. C. H. Zeh'sche Buchhandlung, Nurnberg. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 43744","Simon E. 1876. Etudes arachnologiques. 4 e memoire. VII. Revision des especes europeennes du groupe de la Lycosa tarentula Rossi. Annales de la Societe entomologique de France (5) 6: 57 - 91."]}
Published: 2022
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6. Lycosa gesserit Steinpress & Cohen & Pétillon & Chipman & Gavish-Regev 2022, sp. nov

Author: Steinpress, Igor Armiach, Cohen, Mira, Pétillon, Julien, Chipman, Ariel D., and Gavish-Regev, Efrat
Subjects: Arthropoda, Arachnida, Animalia, Araneae, Biodiversity, Lycosidae, Lycosa gesserit, Taxonomy, Lycosa
Abstract: Lycosa gesserit sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: A5A1F6AD-14B4-488F-BC74-A2B5E240A86B Figs 1, 2B, 3B, 4B, 5B, 6B, 7B, 8B, 12B, 23–24 Diagnosis Male Recognized by pedipalp structure: TAT not bent posteriorly, directed retrolaterally. Contrasts with L. hyraculus sp. nov. by having TAT shorter than TAC (TAT as long as TAC in L. hyraculus sp. nov.). Contrasts with all other known males of Lycosa, with TAT bent posteriorly (Figs 2B, 3B, 4B, 5B, 6B, 7B, 8B). Female Unknown. Etymology Species named after the order of Bene Gesserit, from Frank Herbert’s 1965 novel, Dune. Type material Holotype ISRAEL – Negev • &male;; Har Karkom; [30.28° N, 34.74° E]; 7 Sep. 2017; E. Gavish-Regev; col. sub.; collected at night; HUJ INV-AR20631. Description Male HOLOTYPE MEASUREMENTS.AME diameter:0.2;ALE diameter:0.18;PME diameter:0.8;PLE diameter:0.7; carapace length: 6.6; carapace width: 4.8; carapace maximal height: 2.1; abdomen length: 5.2; leg I (Fe, Pa, Ti, Mt, Tr): 5.5, 2.5, 4.9, 5.5, 2.8; leg II: 5.1, 2.3, 4.6, 5.3, 2.9; leg III: 4.9, 2.4, 4.1, 5.9, 2.3; leg IV: 6, 2.6, 5.5, 8.2, 3.4. CARAPACE. Ocular area>&frac13; length of carapace, distinctly raised, making the carapace between PLE and fovea appear slightly concave in profile. COLOR. Carapace cream colored, with dark brown median bands, darker on margins, connecting to dark ocular area. Perimeter light brown. Sternum grey. Chelicerae reddish-brown. Abdomen yellow infused with light brown dorsad, cardiac mark brown, darker on margins. Abdomen venter with black patch surrounding epigastric fold, connecting to two parallel black bars stretching towards spinnerets (Π shaped patch). Spinnerets brown. Legs cream colored, infused with brown dorsad, yellow-grey ventrad, to reddish-brown distad, with two black bands on tibia. Coxae dark grey, trochanters brown. Pedipalps yellow, to dark brown distad (Figs 6B, 7B, 8B). GENITALIA. Genital opening sclerotized, similar to subadult epigyne. Cymbium reddish-brown. Tegular apophysis (TA) lying flat on bulb, oriented retrolaterally. TAT highly sclerotized, dark brown, not bent posteriorly (unlike most other species of Lycosa), but slightly bent ventrad. Crest of TA (CTA) with smooth edge, and abrupt, rounded end at base of TAT. TAT shorter than width of CTA. Tip of conductor membranous, triangular, with smooth edges. Synembolus with large, slightly sclerotized lobe (SEL), on retrolateral edge (Figs 2B, 3B, 4B, 5B, 12B). LEGS. Metatarsus I ventral spination: 2 pairs + apical triplet. Tibia I ventral spination: 2 pairs + apical pair. Tarsus with scopula. Natural history This species is nocturnal. A single juvenile male was collected at night, in September, at 650 m a.s.l., in a stony plain near Har Karkom, a secluded tableland in the hyperarid desert (annual precipitation L. hyraculus sp. nov., it makes a burrow with a trapdoor. Shares habitat with L. piochardi. Reproductive season unknown. Distribution ISRAEL. Possibly endemic to the Har Karkom tableland or found throughout hyperarid zone. Records ISRAEL: Negev (Har Karkom) (Fig. 1). Relationships According to our molecular phylogeny, this species is the sister taxon of Lycosa hyraculus sp. nov., and closely related to Lycosa oculata, Lycosa aff. oculata 1 and Lycosa aff. oculata 2 (Figs21–24). Cephalothorax is similar to Lycosa macrophthalma Nadolny & Zamani, 2020 and it might be related to it as well. The single known male specimen was raised in the laboratory for two molts. This has probably affected the size of the adult spider. Even though we have observed an aberrant morphology in the genitalia of females grown in lab conditions, we have not observed the same in males, either of L. piochardi or of L. hyraculus sp. nov. We consider it highly probable that the diagnostic characters in the male’s pedipalp were not affected by the laboratory conditions. Although genitalia of other males of Lycosa grown in our laboratory did not show distortions (see discussion about distortions of female genitalia), we cannot dismiss the possibility that the pedipalps of specimens in the wild are somewhat different to the type specimen, which was raised in the laboratory. Notes The locality where the type was found is a remote and not easily reachable nature reserve, encircled by army training areas, that are closed to the public most of the year. There are only few occasions every year that access to the public is possible. As of the writing of this paper, we have not succeeded in collecting additional specimens., Published as part of Steinpress, Igor Armiach, Cohen, Mira, Pétillon, Julien, Chipman, Ariel D. & Gavish-Regev, Efrat, 2022, Lycosa Latreille, 1804 (Araneae, Lycosidae) of Israel, with a note on Geolycosa Montgomery, 1904, pp. 1-54 in European Journal of Taxonomy 832 (1) on pages 14-17, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.832.1877, http://zenodo.org/record/6916850, {"references":["Koch C. L. 1838. Die Arachniden. C. H. Zeh'sche Buchhandlung, Nurnberg. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 43744","Simon E. 1876. Etudes arachnologiques. 4 e memoire. VII. Revision des especes europeennes du groupe de la Lycosa tarentula Rossi. Annales de la Societe entomologique de France (5) 6: 57 - 91.","Nadolny A. A. & Zamani A. 2020. A new species of wolf spiders of the genus Lycosa (Aranei: Lycosidae) from Iran. Zoosystematica Rossica 29 (2): 205 - 212. https: // doi. org / 10.31610 / zsr / 2020.29.2.205"]}
Published: 2022
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7. Lycosa hyraculus Steinpress & Cohen & Pétillon & Chipman & Gavish-Regev 2022, sp. nov

Author: Steinpress, Igor Armiach, Cohen, Mira, Pétillon, Julien, Chipman, Ariel D., and Gavish-Regev, Efrat
Subjects: Arthropoda, Arachnida, Animalia, Araneae, Biodiversity, Lycosa hyraculus, Lycosidae, Taxonomy, Lycosa
Abstract: Lycosa hyraculus sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 8BA7C78F-E972-41B9-B7AC-C65ECA9B67E2 Figs 1, 2C, 3C, 4C, 5C, 6C, F, 7B, F, 8B–D, 9B, 10B, 11C–D, 12C, 19, 21B, 22B, 23–24 Diagnosis Male TER not bent posteriorly, directed retrolaterally. Contrasts with L. gesserit sp. nov. by having TAT as long as CTA (TAT as shorter than CTA in L. gesserit). Contrasts with all other known males of Lycosa, with TER bent posteriorly (Figs 2C, 3C, 4C, 5C, 6C, F, 7C, 19). Female Recognized by combination of characters: ocular area:>&frac13; length of carapace, distinctly raised, making the carapace between PLE and fovea appear slightly concave in profile. Epigyne: septal pedicel reduced, septum trapezoidal, broader proximally, wider than long. Copulatory openings narrow, at anterior end of septum. Carapace resembles L. oculata, L. suboculata, and L. macrophthalma, but in these species the septum is longer than wide. Carapace also resembles Lycosa sp., but in this species the copulatory openings are not visible in ventral view. Epigyne similar to L. piochardi and L. baulnyi, but in these species the ocular area is not distinctly raised, and is Hyrax. This species often leaves the entrance to its burrow open. This behavior reminded the authors of an Israeli nursery rhyme, in which “the little hyrax forgot to close the door”. Type material Holotype ISRAEL – Negev • &male;; Sede Zin; [30.854° N, 34.773° E]; 13 Aug. 2016; I. Steves leg.; HUJ INV-AR20818. Paratype ISRAEL – Negev • &female;; same collection data as for holotype; HUJ INV-AR20817. Other material examined EGYPT – Sinai • 1 juv.; Al-Qusaymah (Kadesh Barnea); [30.668° N, 34.366° E]; 13 Nov. 1967; P. Amitai leg.; HUJ INV-AR20840 • ISRAEL – Negev • 1 &female;; Ha-Ro’a Campsite; [30.876° N, 34.784° E]; 14 Jun. 2015; E. Gavish-Regev leg.; HUJ INV-AR20658 • 1 &male;; Haluqim ridge; [30.86° N, 34.77° E]; 24 Jul. 2018; E. Gavish-Regev leg.; col. sub.; HUJ INV-AR20663 • 1 juv.; Hawat Even Ari; [30.786° N, 34.77° E]; 3 Jan. 2018; col. sub.; HUJ INV-AR20942 • 1 &male;; Mamshit; 7 Nov. 2017; A. Uzan leg.; HUJ INV-AR20553 • 1 juv.; Midreshet Ben-Gurion; [30.854° N, 34.773° E]; 22 Oct. 2018; I. Armiach Steinpress leg.; HUJ INV-AR20737 • 1 juv.; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR20738 • 1 juv.; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR20739 • 1 juv.; same collection data as for preceding; col. juv.; HUJ INV-AR20740 • 1 juv.; same collection data as for preceding; col. juv.; HUJ INV-AR20741 • 1 juv.; same collection data as for preceding; col. juv.; HUJ INV-AR20742 • 1 juv.; same collection data as for preceding; col. juv.; HUJ INV-AR20743 • 1 juv.; same collection data as for preceding; col. juv.; HUJ INV-AR20744 • 1 juv.; same collection data as for preceding; col. juv.; HUJ INV-AR20745 • 1 juv.; same collection data as for preceding; col. juv.; HUJ INV-AR20746 • 1 juv.; same collection data as for preceding; col. juv.; HUJ INV-AR20747 • 1 juv.; same collection data as for preceding; col. juv.; HUJ INV-AR20748 • 1 &female;; same collection data as for preceding; col. juv.; HUJ INV-AR20749 • 1 juv.; same collection data as for preceding; col. juv.; HUJ INV-AR20750 • 1 &male;; same collection data as for preceding; col. juv.; HUJ INV-AR20757 • 1 &male;; Mishor Yamin; [31.003° N, 35.1° E]; 11 May 2014; S. Aharon leg.; col. sub.; HUJ INV-AR20855 • 1 &male;; Shivta camp; [30.9245° N, 34.6244° E]; 22 Oct. 2018; O. Erlichman leg.; col. juv.; HUJ INV-AR20835 • 1 juv.; Tel Jaulan, Yeruham; [30.985° N, 34.904° E]; 10 Oct. 1962; P. Amitai leg.; HUJ INV-AR20836 • 1 &female;; Yeruham; [30.985° N, 34.9° E]; 1 Apr. 2017; A. Novikova leg.; col. sub.; HUJ INV-AR 20523 • 1 juv.; same locality as for preceding; 29 Jul. 2018; E. Gavish-Regev leg.; col. juv.; HUJ INV-AR20616 • 1 juv.; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR20620 • 1 &male;; same collection data as for preceding; col. sub.; HUJ INV-AR20617 • 1 &male;; same collection data as for preceding; col. sub.; HUJ INV-AR20618 • 1 &male;; same collection data as for preceding; col. sub.; HUJ INV-AR20619 • 1 &female;; same locality as for preceding; 2 Jun. 2016; E. Zvik; col. sub.; HUJ INV-AR20665 • 1 juv.; same locality as for preceding; 19 Jul. 2019; Y. Zvik leg.; col. sub.; HUJ INV-AR20868 • 1 &male;; Yeruham Park; 2 Jun. 2016; Y. Zvik leg.; HUJ INV-AR20874 • 1 juv.; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR20875. Description Male HOLOTYPE MEASUREMENTS. AME diameter: 0.4; ALE diameter: 0.35; PME diameter: 1.25; PLE diameter: 0.99; carapace length: 9.71; carapace width: 7.28; carapace maximal height: 3.59; abdomen length: 6.9; leg I (Fe, Pa, Ti, Mt, Tr): 7.9, 3.54, 6.45, 6.48, 3.67; leg II: 7.31, 3.7, 5.58, 6.93, 3.76; leg III: (missing), 2.88, 5.03, 6.82, 3.57; leg IV: 8.99, 3.56, 7.14, 9.35, 4.07. VARIATION IN MALES COLLECTED AS ADULTS (n = 2, all other male adults collected as juveniles). AME diameter: 0.28–0.44; PME diameter: 0.9–1.19; carapace length: 0.78–10.03; carapace width: 0.59–7.75; carapace maximal height: 2.78–3.36; abdomen length: 5.9–6.5; leg I (Fe, Pa, Ti, Mt, Tr): 6.44–7.7, 3.02– 3.68, 5.5–6.7, 5.84–7.3, 3–3.23; leg II: 6.19–8.2, 2.7–3.6, 5–6.36, 5.66–7.36, 3.1–3.8; leg III: 5.85–7.66, 2.4–3.36, 4.5–5.72, 6.2–7.58, 2.8–3.43; leg IV: 7.5–9.42, 2.8–3.59, 6.06–10, 8.03–10.33, 4.03–4.26. CARAPACE. Ocular area>&frac13; length of carapace, distinctly raised, making the carapace between PLE and fovea appear slightly concave in profile. COLOR. Carapace cream colored, with light brown median bands, radiated and darker on margins, connecting to dark ocular area. Perimeter light brown. Sternum black. Chelicerae reddish-brown. Abdomen yellow infused with light brown dorsad, cardiac mark brown, darker on margins. Abdomen venter black posterior to epigastric fold. Genital opening brown. Spinnerets black. Legs cream colored, infused with brown dorsad, yellowish ventrad, to reddish-brown distad, with two black bands on tibia. Coxae dark grey, trochanters brown. Pedipalps yellow, to dark brown distad (Figs 6C, 7C, 8C–D). COLOR VARIATION IN MALES (n = 5). Abdominal black patch sometimes traspezoidal, narrow distad; sometimes short, not reaching spinnerets. Spinnerets sometimes grey, brown or yellow. GENITALIA. Genital opening sclerotized, similar to subadult female epigyne. Cymbium reddish-brown. Tegular apophysis (TA) lying flat on bulb, oriented retrolaterally. TAT highly sclerotized, dark brown, not bent posteriorly (unlike most other species of Lycosa), slightly bent ventrad. CTA with smooth edge, and abrupt, rounded end at base of TAT. Tip of conductor membranous, triangular, with smooth edges. Synembolus with small, slightly sclerotized lobe (SEL), on retrolateral edge (Figs 2C, 3C, 4C, 5C, 19). LEGS. Metatarsus I ventral spination: 2 pairs + apical pair. Tibia I ventral spination: 2 pairs + apical pair. Tarsus with scopula. Female PARATYPE MEASUREMENTS. AME diameter: 0.44; PME diameter: 1.6; carapace length:10.97; carapace width: 7.96; carapace maximal height: 3.96; abdomen length: 10.88; leg I (Fe, Pa, Ti, Mt, Tr): 8.18, 3.75, 6.07, 5.62, 3.1; leg II: 7.56, 3.7, 5.56, 6.03, 3.1; leg III: 6.34, 3.28, 5, 6.72, 3.29; leg IV: 8.25, 3.66, 6.84, 8.66, 3.75. VARIATION OF AN ADDITIONAL FEMALE COLLECTED AS ADULT (n = 1, all other female adults collected as juveniles). AME diameter: 0.55; PME diameter: 1.35; carapace length: 10.7; carapace width: 8.2; carapace maximal height: 4.02; abdomen length: 9.98; leg I (Fe, Pa, Ti, Mt, Tr): 8, 3.9, 6.3, 5.5, 3.17; leg II: 8.06, 4, 5.87, 6.26, 3.6; leg III: 7.45, 3.6, 5.56, 6.94, 3.53; leg IV: 9.64, 3.7, 7.46, 10.2, 4.23. CARAPACE. Similar to male. COLOR. Similar to male. No significant variation observed (Figs 6F, 7F, 8C). GENITALIA. Epigyne longer than wide. Septal pedicel reduced, narrower than septum. Septum trapezoidal, wider proximally, about as long as proximal part of epigyne. Copulatory openings narrow, flanking septal pedicel. Spermatheca dark brown, compact, distal part arching laterally. Head of spermatheca distinctly wider than sperm duct, subcircular, positioned anterior to copulatory opening (Figs 9B, 10B, 11C–D). LEGS. Similar to male. Natural history This species is nocturnal. Females were collected March, June, August and September. Males collected June, August and September. Subadult females were collected April and June. Subadult males were collected May, July and September. Juveniles were collected January, June, July and October (Table 4). Reproductive season unknown. This species inhabits loess soils in arid desert environments (annual precipitation 75–200 mm). The burrow usually with a modification in the form of a thin, flexible door made of silk and soil, and hinged to the entrance with silk. Rarely an object such as a piece of soil crust or a flat stone can be used as a door. The door is often left open. The spiders are usually found at night, standing near the burrow, rarely on rocks or vegetation. Captive specimens accept a wide variety of insects, similar to other species of Lycosa (Steves et al. 2017) (Figs 8C–D, 21B, 22B). Distribution EGYPT, ISRAEL. Records EGYPT: Sinai (Al-Qusaymah (Kadesh Barnea)). ISRAEL: Negev (Ha-Ro’a Campsite, Haluqim ridge, Hawat Even Ari, Mamshit, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, Mishor Yamin, Sede Zin, Shivta camp, Yeruham) (Fig. 1). Relationships According to our molecular phylogey, this species is the sister taxon of Lycosa gesserit sp. nov., and closely related to Lycosa oculata, Lycosa aff. oculata 1 and Lycosa aff. oculata 2. The cephalothorax is morphologically similar to Lycosa macrophthalma Nadolny & Zamani, 2020 and the species might be related to it as well (Figs 23–24)., Published as part of Steinpress, Igor Armiach, Cohen, Mira, Pétillon, Julien, Chipman, Ariel D. & Gavish-Regev, Efrat, 2022, Lycosa Latreille, 1804 (Araneae, Lycosidae) of Israel, with a note on Geolycosa Montgomery, 1904, pp. 1-54 in European Journal of Taxonomy 832 (1) on pages 18-25, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.832.1877, http://zenodo.org/record/6916850, {"references":["Koch C. L. 1838. Die Arachniden. C. H. Zeh'sche Buchhandlung, Nurnberg. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 43744","Simon E. 1876. Etudes arachnologiques. 4 e memoire. VII. Revision des especes europeennes du groupe de la Lycosa tarentula Rossi. Annales de la Societe entomologique de France (5) 6: 57 - 91.","Koch C. L. 1836. Die Arachniden. Dritter Band. C. H. Zeh'sche Buchhandlung, Nurnberg. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 43744","Steves I., Pinshow B., Berliner P. & Krasnov B. R. 2017. The Possible Role of Trapdoors in Maintaining Favorable Thermal and Hydric Conditions in Spider Burrows. PhD thesis, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev. Available from https: // primo. bgu. ac. il / [accessed 17 Jun. 2022].","Nadolny A. A. & Zamani A. 2020. A new species of wolf spiders of the genus Lycosa (Aranei: Lycosidae) from Iran. Zoosystematica Rossica 29 (2): 205 - 212. https: // doi. org / 10.31610 / zsr / 2020.29.2.205"]}
Published: 2022
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8. Lycosa hyraculus Steinpress & Cohen & Pétillon & Chipman & Gavish-Regev 2022, sp. nov

Author: Steinpress, Igor Armiach, Cohen, Mira, Pétillon, Julien, Chipman, Ariel D., and Gavish-Regev, Efrat
Subjects: Arthropoda, Arachnida, Animalia, Araneae, Biodiversity, Lycosa hyraculus, Lycosidae, Taxonomy, Lycosa
Abstract: Lycosa hyraculus sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 8BA7C78F-E972-41B9-B7AC-C65ECA9B67E2 Figs 1, 2C, 3C, 4C, 5C, 6C, F, 7B, F, 8B–D, 9B, 10B, 11C–D, 12C, 19, 21B, 22B, 23–24 Diagnosis Male TER not bent posteriorly, directed retrolaterally. Contrasts with L. gesserit sp. nov. by having TAT as long as CTA (TAT as shorter than CTA in L. gesserit). Contrasts with all other known males of Lycosa, with TER bent posteriorly (Figs 2C, 3C, 4C, 5C, 6C, F, 7C, 19). Female Recognized by combination of characters: ocular area:>&frac13; length of carapace, distinctly raised, making the carapace between PLE and fovea appear slightly concave in profile. Epigyne: septal pedicel reduced, septum trapezoidal, broader proximally, wider than long. Copulatory openings narrow, at anterior end of septum. Carapace resembles L. oculata, L. suboculata, and L. macrophthalma, but in these species the septum is longer than wide. Carapace also resembles Lycosa sp., but in this species the copulatory openings are not visible in ventral view. Epigyne similar to L. piochardi and L. baulnyi, but in these species the ocular area is not distinctly raised, and is Etymology Species name from Hyrax. This species often leaves the entrance to its burrow open. This behavior reminded the authors of an Israeli nursery rhyme, in which “the little hyrax forgot to close the door”. Type material Holotype ISRAEL – Negev • &male;; Sede Zin; [30.854° N, 34.773° E]; 13 Aug. 2016; I. Steves leg.; HUJ INV-AR20818. Paratype ISRAEL – Negev • &female;; same collection data as for holotype; HUJ INV-AR20817. Other material examined EGYPT – Sinai • 1 juv.; Al-Qusaymah (Kadesh Barnea); [30.668° N, 34.366° E]; 13 Nov. 1967; P. Amitai leg.; HUJ INV-AR20840 • ISRAEL – Negev • 1 &female;; Ha-Ro’a Campsite; [30.876° N, 34.784° E]; 14 Jun. 2015; E. Gavish-Regev leg.; HUJ INV-AR20658 • 1 &male;; Haluqim ridge; [30.86° N, 34.77° E]; 24 Jul. 2018; E. Gavish-Regev leg.; col. sub.; HUJ INV-AR20663 • 1 juv.; Hawat Even Ari; [30.786° N, 34.77° E]; 3 Jan. 2018; col. sub.; HUJ INV-AR20942 • 1 &male;; Mamshit; 7 Nov. 2017; A. Uzan leg.; HUJ INV-AR20553 • 1 juv.; Midreshet Ben-Gurion; [30.854° N, 34.773° E]; 22 Oct. 2018; I. Armiach Steinpress leg.; HUJ INV-AR20737 • 1 juv.; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR20738 • 1 juv.; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR20739 • 1 juv.; same collection data as for preceding; col. juv.; HUJ INV-AR20740 • 1 juv.; same collection data as for preceding; col. juv.; HUJ INV-AR20741 • 1 juv.; same collection data as for preceding; col. juv.; HUJ INV-AR20742 • 1 juv.; same collection data as for preceding; col. juv.; HUJ INV-AR20743 • 1 juv.; same collection data as for preceding; col. juv.; HUJ INV-AR20744 • 1 juv.; same collection data as for preceding; col. juv.; HUJ INV-AR20745 • 1 juv.; same collection data as for preceding; col. juv.; HUJ INV-AR20746 • 1 juv.; same collection data as for preceding; col. juv.; HUJ INV-AR20747 • 1 juv.; same collection data as for preceding; col. juv.; HUJ INV-AR20748 • 1 &female;; same collection data as for preceding; col. juv.; HUJ INV-AR20749 • 1 juv.; same collection data as for preceding; col. juv.; HUJ INV-AR20750 • 1 &male;; same collection data as for preceding; col. juv.; HUJ INV-AR20757 • 1 &male;; Mishor Yamin; [31.003° N, 35.1° E]; 11 May 2014; S. Aharon leg.; col. sub.; HUJ INV-AR20855 • 1 &male;; Shivta camp; [30.9245° N, 34.6244° E]; 22 Oct. 2018; O. Erlichman leg.; col. juv.; HUJ INV-AR20835 • 1 juv.; Tel Jaulan, Yeruham; [30.985° N, 34.904° E]; 10 Oct. 1962; P. Amitai leg.; HUJ INV-AR20836 • 1 &female;; Yeruham; [30.985° N, 34.9° E]; 1 Apr. 2017; A. Novikova leg.; col. sub.; HUJ INV-AR 20523 • 1 juv.; same locality as for preceding; 29 Jul. 2018; E. Gavish-Regev leg.; col. juv.; HUJ INV-AR20616 • 1 juv.; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR20620 • 1 &male;; same collection data as for preceding; col. sub.; HUJ INV-AR20617 • 1 &male;; same collection data as for preceding; col. sub.; HUJ INV-AR20618 • 1 &male;; same collection data as for preceding; col. sub.; HUJ INV-AR20619 • 1 &female;; same locality as for preceding; 2 Jun. 2016; E. Zvik; col. sub.; HUJ INV-AR20665 • 1 juv.; same locality as for preceding; 19 Jul. 2019; Y. Zvik leg.; col. sub.; HUJ INV-AR20868 • 1 &male;; Yeruham Park; 2 Jun. 2016; Y. Zvik leg.; HUJ INV-AR20874 • 1 juv.; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR20875. Description Male HOLOTYPE MEASUREMENTS. AME diameter: 0.4; ALE diameter: 0.35; PME diameter: 1.25; PLE diameter: 0.99; carapace length: 9.71; carapace width: 7.28; carapace maximal height: 3.59; abdomen length: 6.9; leg I (Fe, Pa, Ti, Mt, Tr): 7.9, 3.54, 6.45, 6.48, 3.67; leg II: 7.31, 3.7, 5.58, 6.93, 3.76; leg III: (missing), 2.88, 5.03, 6.82, 3.57; leg IV: 8.99, 3.56, 7.14, 9.35, 4.07. VARIATION IN MALES COLLECTED AS ADULTS (n = 2, all other male adults collected as juveniles). AME diameter: 0.28–0.44; PME diameter: 0.9–1.19; carapace length: 0.78–10.03; carapace width: 0.59–7.75; carapace maximal height: 2.78–3.36; abdomen length: 5.9–6.5; leg I (Fe, Pa, Ti, Mt, Tr): 6.44–7.7, 3.02– 3.68, 5.5–6.7, 5.84–7.3, 3–3.23; leg II: 6.19–8.2, 2.7–3.6, 5–6.36, 5.66–7.36, 3.1–3.8; leg III: 5.85–7.66, 2.4–3.36, 4.5–5.72, 6.2–7.58, 2.8–3.43; leg IV: 7.5–9.42, 2.8–3.59, 6.06–10, 8.03–10.33, 4.03–4.26. CARAPACE. Ocular area>&frac13; length of carapace, distinctly raised, making the carapace between PLE and fovea appear slightly concave in profile. COLOR. Carapace cream colored, with light brown median bands, radiated and darker on margins, connecting to dark ocular area. Perimeter light brown. Sternum black. Chelicerae reddish-brown. Abdomen yellow infused with light brown dorsad, cardiac mark brown, darker on margins. Abdomen venter black posterior to epigastric fold. Genital opening brown. Spinnerets black. Legs cream colored, infused with brown dorsad, yellowish ventrad, to reddish-brown distad, with two black bands on tibia. Coxae dark grey, trochanters brown. Pedipalps yellow, to dark brown distad (Figs 6C, 7C, 8C–D). COLOR VARIATION IN MALES (n = 5). Abdominal black patch sometimes traspezoidal, narrow distad; sometimes short, not reaching spinnerets. Spinnerets sometimes grey, brown or yellow. GENITALIA. Genital opening sclerotized, similar to subadult female epigyne. Cymbium reddish-brown. Tegular apophysis (TA) lying flat on bulb, oriented retrolaterally. TAT highly sclerotized, dark brown, not bent posteriorly (unlike most other species of Lycosa), slightly bent ventrad. CTA with smooth edge, and abrupt, rounded end at base of TAT. Tip of conductor membranous, triangular, with smooth edges. Synembolus with small, slightly sclerotized lobe (SEL), on retrolateral edge (Figs 2C, 3C, 4C, 5C, 19). LEGS. Metatarsus I ventral spination: 2 pairs + apical pair. Tibia I ventral spination: 2 pairs + apical pair. Tarsus with scopula. Female PARATYPE MEASUREMENTS. AME diameter: 0.44; PME diameter: 1.6; carapace length:10.97; carapace width: 7.96; carapace maximal height: 3.96; abdomen length: 10.88; leg I (Fe, Pa, Ti, Mt, Tr): 8.18, 3.75, 6.07, 5.62, 3.1; leg II: 7.56, 3.7, 5.56, 6.03, 3.1; leg III: 6.34, 3.28, 5, 6.72, 3.29; leg IV: 8.25, 3.66, 6.84, 8.66, 3.75. VARIATION OF AN ADDITIONAL FEMALE COLLECTED AS ADULT (n = 1, all other female adults collected as juveniles). AME diameter: 0.55; PME diameter: 1.35; carapace length: 10.7; carapace width: 8.2; carapace maximal height: 4.02; abdomen length: 9.98; leg I (Fe, Pa, Ti, Mt, Tr): 8, 3.9, 6.3, 5.5, 3.17; leg II: 8.06, 4, 5.87, 6.26, 3.6; leg III: 7.45, 3.6, 5.56, 6.94, 3.53; leg IV: 9.64, 3.7, 7.46, 10.2, 4.23. CARAPACE. Similar to male. COLOR. Similar to male. No significant variation observed (Figs 6F, 7F, 8C). GENITALIA. Epigyne longer than wide. Septal pedicel reduced, narrower than septum. Septum trapezoidal, wider proximally, about as long as proximal part of epigyne. Copulatory openings narrow, flanking septal pedicel. Spermatheca dark brown, compact, distal part arching laterally. Head of spermatheca distinctly wider than sperm duct, subcircular, positioned anterior to copulatory opening (Figs 9B, 10B, 11C–D). LEGS. Similar to male. Natural history This species is nocturnal. Females were collected March, June, August and September. Males collected June, August and September. Subadult females were collected April and June. Subadult males were collected May, July and September. Juveniles were collected January, June, July and October (Table 4). Reproductive season unknown. This species inhabits loess soils in arid desert environments (annual precipitation 75–200 mm). The burrow usually with a modification in the form of a thin, flexible door made of silk and soil, and hinged to the entrance with silk. Rarely an object such as a piece of soil crust or a flat stone can be used as a door. The door is often left open. The spiders are usually found at night, standing near the burrow, rarely on rocks or vegetation. Captive specimens accept a wide variety of insects, similar to other species of Lycosa (Steves et al. 2017) (Figs 8C–D, 21B, 22B). Distribution EGYPT, ISRAEL. Records EGYPT: Sinai (Al-Qusaymah (Kadesh Barnea)). ISRAEL: Negev (Ha-Ro’a Campsite, Haluqim ridge, Hawat Even Ari, Mamshit, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, Mishor Yamin, Sede Zin, Shivta camp, Yeruham) (Fig. 1). Relationships According to our molecular phylogey, this species is the sister taxon of Lycosa gesserit sp. nov., and closely related to Lycosa oculata, Lycosa aff. oculata 1 and Lycosa aff. oculata 2. The cephalothorax is morphologically similar to Lycosa macrophthalma Nadolny & Zamani, 2020 and the species might be related to it as well (Figs 23–24).
Published: 2022
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9. Lycosa Latreille 1804

Author: Steinpress, Igor Armiach, Cohen, Mira, Pétillon, Julien, Chipman, Ariel D., and Gavish-Regev, Efrat
Subjects: Arthropoda, Arachnida, Animalia, Araneae, Biodiversity, Lycosidae, Taxonomy, Lycosa
Abstract: Genus Lycosa Latreille, 1804 Type species Lycosa tarantula (Linnaeus, 1758). Diagnosis Large lycosids; anterior eye row clearly shorter than PME; epigyne septum tongue-shaped or rhomboid, confined to posterior half of epigyne; septal pedicel reduced or absent; TA wide and flat, ending with a distal process (TAT) directed retrolaterally to posteriorly (Zyuzin & Logunov 2000). Description Large lycosids (body length over 12 mm). Carapace sloping posterior to ocular area. Carapace margins with thick pubescence (Zyuzin 1990). Chelicerae with three retromarginal teeth. AER recurved. PME wider than AER. Abdomen venter usually with black markings. Sexual dimorphism weak. Posterior part of epigynal septum widened and clearly outlined. Septal pedicle fused with genital groove or wholly absent. This contrasts with other large Lycosinae (Hogna, Geolycosa), having a clearly outlined pedicle. Cymbium asymmetrical. Tegular apophysis wide and flat, with an elongated distal process, directed retrolaterally to posteriorly. Embolus thin, long, with narrow epiconductor. Natural history Generalist predators, typical of open habitats. Most species are burrowing, but some seem to be vagrant (Planas et al. 2013). The burrow entrance is usually modified with a door or a turret (an elevated structure made of silk and vegetation, surrounding the entrance). Activity is mostly nocturnal. Reproductive season recorded in the summer and autumn. Distribution Known from the Mediterranean Basin, eastern Europe, Middle East, central Asia and Japan (World Spider Catalog 2022). Relationships Lycosa s. str. is related to Hogna Simon 1885 (Piacentini & Ramírez 2019). According to Zyuzin & Logunov (2000), Lycosa is closely allied with Alopecosa pictilis (Emerton, 1885), A. sibirica (Kulczyn´ski, 1908), A. solivaga (Kulczyn´ski, 1901) and A. hirtipes (Kulczyn´ski, 1908)., Published as part of Steinpress, Igor Armiach, Cohen, Mira, Pétillon, Julien, Chipman, Ariel D. & Gavish-Regev, Efrat, 2022, Lycosa Latreille, 1804 (Araneae, Lycosidae) of Israel, with a note on Geolycosa Montgomery, 1904, pp. 1-54 in European Journal of Taxonomy 832 (1) on pages 13-14, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.832.1877, http://zenodo.org/record/6916850, {"references":["Linnaeus C. 1758. Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species cum characteribus differentiis, synonymis, locis. Editio decima, reformata. Holmiae. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 542","Zyuzin A. A. & Logunov D. V. 2000. New and little-known species of the Lycosidae from Azerbaijan, the Caucasus (Araneae, Lycosidae). Bulletin of the British Arachnological Society 11: 305 - 319.","Zyuzin A. A. 1990. Studies on burrowing spiders of the family Lycosidae (Araneae). I. Preliminary data on structural and functional features. Acta Zoologica Fennica 190: 419 - 422.","Montgomery T. H. 1904. Descriptions of North American Araneae of the families Lycosidae and Pisauridae. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 56: 261 - 325.","Koch C. L. 1838. Die Arachniden. C. H. Zeh'sche Buchhandlung, Nurnberg. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 43744","Simon E. 1876. Etudes arachnologiques. 4 e memoire. VII. Revision des especes europeennes du groupe de la Lycosa tarentula Rossi. Annales de la Societe entomologique de France (5) 6: 57 - 91.","Planas E., Fernandez-Montraveta C. & Ribera C. 2013. Molecular systematics of the wolf spider genus Lycosa (Araneae: Lycosidae) in the Western Mediterranean Basin. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 67 (2): 414 - 428. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2013.02.006","World Spider Catalog. 2022. World Spider Catalog. Version 22.5. Natural History Museum Bern. Available from http: // wsc. nmbe. ch [accessed 9 Dec. 2021]. https: // doi. org / 10.24436 / 2","Piacentini L. N. & Ramirez M. J. 2019. Hunting the wolf: a molecular phylogeny of the wolf spiders (Araneae, Lycosidae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 136: 227 - 240. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2019.04.004"]}
Published: 2022
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10. It's all about the zone: spider assemblages in different ecological zones of Levantine caves

Author: Cuff, Jordan Patrick, Aharon, Shlomi, Steinpress, Igor Armiach, Seifan, Merav, Lubin, Yael, and Gavish-Regev, Efrat
Subjects: cave-entrance, twilight, Araneae, subterranean, Mediterranean, hypogean, troglobite, Levant, troglophile, dark, diversity
Abstract: "Cave By Sector.1percave.csv" - Spider diversity matrix per cave zone, including cave zone metadata, but with only one zone represented per cave. "Cave By Sector.csv" - Spider diversity matrix per cave zone, including cave zone metadata. "Cave Incidence.csv" - The number of zone surveys in which each spider species was found. "Cave Zone Assemblages.R" - R script containing all of the commands necessary for this manuscript's analyses and data visualisation. "Sector Cooc.csv" - Co-occurrence matrix of spider species within cave zones for co-occurrence analysis of spider assemblages. "Sector Specific Spiders Bar.1percave.csv" - Data for a bar plot of the percentage of cave zones in which each spider species was found, but only representing one zone per cave. "Sector Specific Spiders Bar.csv" - Data for a bar plot of the percentage of cave zones in which each spider species was found. "Sector Specific Spiders Bar.troglobite.csv" - Data for a bar plot of the percentage of cave zones in which each troglobite spider species was found. "Sector Specific Spiders Bar.troglophile.csv" - Data for a bar plot of the percentage of cave zones in which each troglophile spider species was found. "Sector Specific Spiders Bar.visitor.csv" - Data for a bar plot of the percentage of cave zones in which each visitor spider species was found.
Published: 2021
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11. Evippa praelongipes

Author: Steinpress, Igor Armiach, Alderweireldt, Mark, Cohen, Mira, Chipman, Ariel, and Gavish-Regev, Efrat
Subjects: Arthropoda, Arachnida, Evippa, Animalia, Araneae, Biodiversity, Lycosidae, Evippa praelongipes, Taxonomy
Abstract: Evippa praelongipes (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1871) Figs 3B, 4D, 5D, 6D, 7D, 8D, 10D, 11D, 14A Lycosa praelongipes O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1871: 822, pl. 50, fig. 3 (&male;, Egypt). Pardosa praelongipes �� Schmidt 1895: 476 (&female;, Turkmenistan. Possibly misidentified Evippa onager). Evippa praelongipes �� Simon 1890: 112, 123 (Yemen); 1897: 290 (��Arabia��). �� Roewer 1955 (North Africa, Transcaspia, India, Arabia, Sinai, Tripoli); 1959: 182, fig. 93 (&female;, North Africa, Transcaspia, India. Misidentified?). �� Bonnet 1956: 1866 (Tripoli, Arabia, Russia). �� Denis 1966: 127, fig. 44 (sub &female;, Lybia). �� Alderweireldt 1991: 369, fig. 5.1��5 (&male; &female;, Egypt, Saudi Arabia). �� Alderweireldt & Jocqu�� 2017: 10 (Saudi Arabia, Yemen). non Evippa praelongipes �� Tikader & Malhotra 1980: 311, fig. 135��137 (&female;, India, Pakistan). Diagnosis Recognized by a combination of genital characters. Male palp: tegular apophysis parallel to cymbium, with small, prolaterally oriented subapical process. Short terminal apophysis positioned ventrad to tegular apophysis (Figs 6D, 7D, 8D). Epigyne: straight atria with indistinct retrolateral margins. Septum with smooth margins, without protrusions (compare with similar E. amitaii sp. nov. palp, with a small protrusion) (Fig. 10D, 11D) It is the only Evippa in Israel to have a septum without protrusions. Material examined ISRAEL �� Dead Sea Area �� 1 &female;; Nahal ��Ammi��az; 31.073�� N, 35.342�� E; 12 Apr. 2018; I. Armiach Steinpress leg.; HUJ INV-Ar 16554 �� 1 &female; with juv.; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-Ar 16555 �� 3 &male;&male;; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-Ar 16556 to 16558 �� 2 &female;&female;; Nahal ��Azgad; 31.067�� N, 35.335�� E; 12 Apr. 2018; I. Armiach Steinpress leg.; HUJ INV-Ar 16559��16560 �� 1 &female;; Sedom; [31.01�� N, 35.35�� E]; 21 Apr. 1954; A. Shulov leg.; HUJ INV-Ar 16518. �� Arava Valley �� 1 &male;; �� Avrona; [29.67�� N, 35.00�� E]; 2��8 Sep. 2016; I. Armiach Steinpress leg.; HUJ INV-Ar 16522 �� 1 &female;; same collection data as for preceding; 7 Sep. 2016; I. Armiach Steinpress leg.; HUJ INV-Ar 16521 �� 1 &male;, 1 &female;; same collection data as for preceding; 11 Sep. 2017; I. Armiach Steinpress leg.; HUJ INV-Ar 16534 to 16535 �� 1 &female;; Elat; [29.57�� N, 34.96�� E]; 15 Apr. 1987; V. and B. Roth leg.; HUJ INV-Ar 16530 �� 3 &female;&female;; same collection data as for preceding; 18 Aug. 2016; A. Weinstein leg.; HUJ INV-Ar 16519 to 16520, 16044 �� 1 &female;; �� En Yotvata; [29.879�� N, 35.044�� E]; 25 Jan. 1958; A. Shulov leg.; HUJ INV-Ar 16517 �� 1 &male;; Hazeva; 30.7139�� N, 35.1964�� E; 14 Jun. 2009; HUJ INV-Ar 16531 �� 1 &male;; Hazeva; 30.8121�� N, 35.2804�� E; 2 Jul. 2010; HUJ INV-Ar 16532 �� 1 &male;; Hazeva; 30.7129�� N, 35.1964�� E; 20 ul. 2010; HUJ INV-Ar 16533 �� 1 &male;; Nahal Amazyahu N of ��Iddan; [30.85�� N, 35.29�� E]; 15 Sep. 1988; B. Shalmon leg.; HUJ INV-Ar 16043 �� 1 &female;; same collection data as for preceding; 16 Sep. 1988; B. Shalmon leg.; HUJ INV-Ar 16023 �� 1 &male;; Nahal Amazyahu N of ��Iddan; [30.85�� N, 35.29�� E]; 17 Sep. 1988; J. Koach leg.; HUJ INV-Ar 16524 �� 1 &female;; Nahal Amazyahu; [30.85�� N, 35.29�� E]; 24 Sep. 1988; A. Weinstein leg.; HUJ INV-Ar 16529. �� Negev �� 1 &female;; Nahal Zevira; [30.64�� N, 35.20�� E]; 24 Feb. 2017; E. Gavish-Regev leg.; HUJ INV-Ar 16560 �� 1 &female;; Biq��at ��Uvda (�� Uvda valley), Har Shahrur; [29.980�� N, 34.953�� E]; 13 Mar. 2018; E. Gavish-Regev leg.; HUJ INV-Ar 16562 �� 1 &male;; Biq��at ��Uvda (�� Uvda valley), Kasuy Sands; [29.964�� N, 34.979�� E]; 13 Mar. 2018; E. Gavish-Regev leg.; HUJ INV-Ar 16563 �� 1 &male;, 1 &female;; Biq��at ��Uvda (�� Uvda valley), Nahal Hiyyon; [29.998�� N, 34.973�� E]; 13 Mar. 2018; E. Gavish-Regev leg.; HUJ INV-Ar 16564 to 16565 �� 1 &female;; Shizzafon; [30.105�� N, 35.002�� E]; 24 Jul. 2014; I. Armiach Steinpress leg.; HUJ INV-Ar 16511 �� 1 &male;, 1 &female;; Makhtesh Ramon; [30.59�� N, 34.83�� E]; 28 Mar. 1993; Y. Lubin leg.; HUJ INV-Ar 16527 to 16528 �� 3 &male;&male;; same collection data as for preceding; 21 Feb. 1994; Y. Lubin leg.; HUJ INV-Ar 16041, 16566 to 16567 �� 1 &female;; same collection data as for preceding; 21 Feb. 1994; Y. Lubin leg.; HUJ INV-Ar 16042 �� 1 &male;, 1 &female;; same collection data as for preceding; 8 Nov. 1992; Y. Lubin leg.; HUJ INV-Ar 16525 to 16526 �� 1 &female;; Nahal Shizzafon; [30.042�� N, 35.021�� E]; 30 Jul. 2019; I. Armiach Steinpress leg.; HUJ INV-Ar 20317. EGYPT �� Sinai �� &female;; Abu��sela; 13 Aug. 1968; G. Tsabar leg.; HUJ INV-Ar 16512 �� &female;; Mt. Catherine; [28.50�� N, 33.95�� E]; 16 Aug. 1968; G. Tsabar leg.; HUJ INV-Ar 16515 �� &female;; Saint Catherine; [28.50�� N, 33.95�� E]; 15 Jul. 1968; A. Shulov leg.; HUJ INV-Ar 16513 �� 2 &male;&male;; Wadi Nequra; 21 Jan. 1969; S. Reichenstein leg.; HUJ INV-Ar 16514, 16516. Natural history Inhabits hyper-arid deserts. Adults were collected January through April, June through September and in November (Table 3). Egg - sacs were observed in April and September. We suggest that E. praelongipes is active and reproducing throughout the year. Specimens were collected at night, mostly in dry stream beds, under and near shrubs (Fig. 15A). Distribution Lybia to Saudi Arabia (Bonnet 1956; Alderweireldt & Jocqu�� 2017), Israel. Reports from Turkmenistan (Schmidt 1895), Pakistan and India (Tikader & Malhotra 1980) might be due to misidentification. Records Israel: (Fig. 16) Dead Sea area (Sedom); ��Arava Valley (Elat, ��En Yotvata, ��Avrona, Nahal Amazyahu); Negev (Makhtesh Ramon, Shizzafon). Egypt: Sinai (Mt. Catherine, Wadi Nequra)., Published as part of Steinpress, Igor Armiach, Alderweireldt, Mark, Cohen, Mira, Chipman, Ariel & Gavish-Regev, Efrat, 2021, Synopsis of the Evippinae (Araneae, Lycosidae) of Israel, with description of a new species, pp. 87-124 in European Journal of Taxonomy 733 on pages 113-114, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.733.1225, http://zenodo.org/record/4505891, {"references":["Pickard-Cambridge O. 1871. Notes on a collection of Arachnida made by J. K. Lord, Esq., in the peninsula of Sinai and on the African borders of the Red Sea. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 38: 818 - 823.","Schmidt P. 1895. Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Laufspinnen (Araneae Citigradae Thor.) Russlands. Zoologische Jahrbucher, Abtheilung fur Systematik, Geographie und Biologie der Thiere 8 (4): 439 - 484.","Simon E. 1890. Etudes arachnologiques. 22 e Memoire. XXXIV. Etude sur les arachnides de l'Yemen. Annales de la Societe entomologique de France (6) 10: 77 - 124.","Roewer C. F. 1955. Katalog der Araneae von 1758 bis 1940, bzw. 1954. Volume 2: 1 - 1751. Bruxelles.","Bonnet P. 1956. Bibliographia araneorum. Analyse methodique de toute la litterature araneologique jusqu'en 1939. Tome II. Systematique des araignees (Etude par ordre alphabetique) (2 me partie: C-F): 919 - 1926. Douladoure Toulouse.","Denis J. 1966. Les araignees du Fezzan. Bulletin de la Societe d'Histoire naturelle d'Afrique du Nord 55: 103 - 144.","Alderweireldt M. 1991. A revision of the African representatives of the wolf spider genus Evippa Simon, 1882 (Araneae, Lycosidae) with notes on allied species and genera. Journal of Natural History 25 (2): 359 - 381. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222939100770261","Alderweireldt M. & Jocque R. 2017. Order Araneae, family Lycosidae. Arthropod Fauna of the UAE 6: 3 - 20.","Tikader B. K. & Malhotra M. S. 1980. Lycosidae (Wolf-spiders). Fauna India (Araneae) 1: 248 - 447."]}
Published: 2021
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12. Evippa arenaria

Author: Steinpress, Igor Armiach, Alderweireldt, Mark, Cohen, Mira, Chipman, Ariel, and Gavish-Regev, Efrat
Subjects: Arthropoda, Evippa arenaria, Arachnida, Evippa, Animalia, Araneae, Biodiversity, Lycosidae, Taxonomy
Abstract: Evippa arenaria (Audouin, 1826) Figs 3A, 4B, 5B, 6B, 7B, 8B, 10B, 11B Lycosa arenaria Audouin, 1826: 367, pl. 4, fig. 3 (&female;, Egypt). Lycosa festiva Pavesi, 1880: 369 (&female;, Tunisia). Lycosa arenaria �� Walckenaer 1837: 329 (&male;, Egypt). Evippa arenaria �� Simon 1885: 12 (North Africa); 1898: 354, figs 346��347, 350 (North Africa). �� Reimoser 1919: 158 (North Africa, Syria). �� Caporiacco 1933: 337 (Lybia); 1936: 91 (Lybia). �� Bodenheimer 1937: 242 (Israel, Palestine). �� Roewer 1955: 154 (North Africa, Syria). �� Bonnet 1956: 1866. �� Alderweireldt 1991: 363, figs 1.3, 2.6 (&male;, &female;, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya, Chad and Egypt). non Evippa arenaria �� Roewer 1959: 175, figs 90a, 91 (&male; &female;, Egypt, Tunisia). non Evippa arenaria �� Denis 1966: 127, fig. 41 (&female;, Lybia). Diagnosis Recognized by a combination of genital characters. Male palp: Tegular apophysis parallel to cymbium, tip sharp, distally oriented. Subapical process blunt, located near base of TA. Terminal apophysis between tegular apophysis and cymbium (Figs 6B, 7B, 8B). Epigyne: atria distinct, kidney shaped; septum wide, constricted proximally (Figs 10B, 11B). It is the only Evippinae in Israel to have kidney-shaped atria. Material examined ISRAEL �� Coastal Plain �� 1 &female;; Ben Zakkay; [31.86�� N, 34.71�� E]; 23 May 1973; faunistics course leg.; HUJ INV-Ar 16502 �� 1 &female;; Holon; [31.999�� N, 34.788�� E]; 20 Jul. 2017; I. Armiach Steinpress leg.; HUJ INV-Ar 16509 �� 1 &female;; Miqwe Yisra��el; [32.02�� N, 34.77�� E]; 11 Apr. 1938; A. Shulov leg.; HUJ INV-Ar 16076 �� 1 &female;; Nahal Soreq (�� Nahr Rubin ��); [31.94�� N, 34.72�� E]; 10 Apr. 1962; P. Amitai leg.; HUJ INV-Ar 16075 �� 1 &female; with eggs; Nizzanim; [31.75�� N, 34.62�� E]; 29 Sep. 1946; A. Shulov leg.; HUJ INV-Ar 16084 �� 2 &female;&female;; Nizzanim; [31.75�� N, 34.62�� E]; 29 Sep. 1946; A. Shulov leg.; HUJ INV-Ar 16085 to 16086 �� 1 &male;; Nizzanim; 31.7432�� N, 34.6249�� E; 14 Jul. 2015; B. Shacham leg.; HUJ INV-Ar 16056 �� 1 &female;; Nizzanim sands; 31.7265�� N, 34.6059�� E; 6 Jul. 2017; B. Shacham leg.; HUJ INV-Ar 16507 �� 1 &male;; Nizzanim sands [31.7259�� N, 34.6064�� E]; 6 Jul. 2017; B. Shacham leg.; HUJ INV-Ar 16548 �� 1 juv.; Palmahim; [31.91�� N, 34.72�� E]; 17 Oct. 2014; B. Shacham leg.; HUJ INV-Ar 16061 �� 1 &female;; Ziqim sands; [31.61�� N, 34.51�� E]; 20 Jul. 2019; B. Shacham leg.; HUJ INV- Ar 20313. �� Negev �� 1 &female;; Ashalim; 30.9856�� N, 34.6865�� E; 6 Aug. 2015; HUJ INV-Ar 16058 �� 1 &male;; Be��er Mash��abbim; [31.01�� N, 34.76�� E]; 15 Jul. 1990; Y. Ayal leg.; HUJ INV-Ar 16093 �� 1 &female;; same locality as for preceding; 18 Sep. 1990; Y. Lubin leg.; HUJ INV-Ar 16095 �� 1 &male;; Be��er Mash��abbim; [31.01�� N, 34.76�� E]; 30 Apr. 1993; Y. Lubin leg.; HUJ INV-Ar 16094 �� 1 &female;; Be��er Sheva road to Mizpe Ramon; [31.09�� N, 34.82�� E]; 24 Mar. 1954; A. Shulov leg.; HUJ INV-Ar 16067 �� 1 &male;; Bor Mashash; [31.07�� N, 34.84�� E]; 5 Feb. 1970; faunistics course leg.; HUJ INV-Ar 16064 �� 1 &male;; same locality as for preceding; 5 Feb. 1970; faunistics course leg.; sands; HUJ INV-Ar 16069 �� 1 &female; with eggs; same locality as for preceding; 5 Feb. 1970; faunistics course leg.; sands; HUJ INV-Ar 16073 �� 1 &male;; Hatira Ridge; [30.93�� N, 35.04�� E]; 20 Jun. 1991; Y. Lubin leg.; HUJ INV-Ar 16099 �� 1 &female;; same locality as for preceding; 23 Oct. 1991; Y. Lubin leg.; HUJ INV-Ar 16098 �� 1 &female;; Holot Agur; [30.97�� N, 34.40�� E]; 26 Feb. 2013; I. Renan leg.; HUJ INV-Ar 16057 �� 1 &female; with egg; Makhtesh Ramon; [30.59�� N, 34.83�� E]; 25 Apr. 1954; A. Shulov leg.; HUJ INV-Ar 16079 �� 2 &female;&female;; Mamshit; [31.02�� N, 35.06�� E]; 24 Mar. 1954; A. Shulov leg.; HUJ INV-Ar 16065, 16077 �� 1 &female;; Mamshit; [31.02�� N, 35.06�� E]; 15 Jun. 1973; Gershoni leg.; HUJ 16066 �� 1 &male;; same collection data as for preceding; 16070 �� 1 &female;; Mamshit; [31.02�� N, 35.06�� E]; 5 Jul. 2015; A. Uzan leg.; HUJ INV-Ar 16506 �� 1 &female;; Mishor Yamin; [31.00�� N, 35.10�� E]; 11 May 2014; Y. Zvik leg.; HUJ INV-Ar 16060 �� 1 &male;; Mizpe Ramon; [30.60�� N, 34.80�� E]; 9 Apr. 2015; HUJ INV-Ar 16505 �� &female;; Nahal Ashan; [31.28�� N, 34.74�� E]; 10 May 2016; B. Shacham leg.; HUJ INV-Ar 16062 �� 1 &female;, 1 &male;; same locality as for preceding; 30 Apr. 2018; B. Shacham leg.; HUJ INV-Ar 16549 to 16550 �� 1 &female;; Nahal Hatira; [30.93�� N, 35.03�� E]; 21 Aug. 1990; Y. Ayal leg.; HUJ INV- Ar 16097 �� 1 &female;; Nahal Sekher; [31.09�� N, 34.82�� E]; 22 May 1958; A. Shulov leg.; sands; HUJ INV-Ar 16087 �� 1 &male;; same locality as for preceding; 15 Apr. 1969; faunistics course leg.; sands; HUJ INV-Ar 16068 �� 1 &female; with eggs; same locality as for preceding; 23 May 1972; M. Pener leg.; sands; HUJ INV-Ar 16072 �� 1 &female;; same locality as for preceding; 29 May 1980; M. Pener leg.; sands; HUJ INV-Ar 16092 �� 1 &female;; same locality as for preceding; 3 Jun. 1980; faunistics course leg.; sands; HUJ INV-Ar 16096 �� 1 &male;; same locality as for preceding; 11 Apr. 1991; Y. Lubin leg.; sands; HUJ INV-Ar 16501 �� 1 &female;; Nahal Sekher; 31.091�� N, 34.8121�� E; 18 Apr. 2015; B. Shacham leg.; Subadult; sands; HUJ INV-Ar 16063 �� 1 &female; with eggs; Nahal Sekher; 31.107�� N, 34.8193�� E; 6 Apr. 2017; B. Shacham leg.; HUJ INV-Ar 16503 �� 1 &female;; Nahal Sekher; 31.1046�� N, 34.8228�� E; 6 Apr. 2017; B. Shacham leg.; HUJ INV-Ar 16504 �� 1 &female;; Nahal Sekher; [31.09�� N, 34.82�� E]; 24 Mar. 2018; B. Shacham leg.; sands; HUJ INV-Ar 16552 �� 1 &female;; Retamim; [31.05�� N, 34.68�� E]; 22 Mar. 2018; S. Aharon leg.; HUJ INV-Ar 16553 �� 1 subadult &female;; Sede Boqer; [30.85�� N, 34.78�� E]; 14 Mar. 2016; T. Mei��Dan leg.; molted to maturity in lab; HUJ INV-Ar 16089 �� 1 &female;, 1 &male;; Sede Zin; [30.85�� N, 34.77�� E]; 22 Jul. 1993; Y. Lubin leg.; HUJ INV-Ar 16090 to 16091 �� 1 &female;; Yeroham; [30.98�� N, 34.90�� E]; 5 Apr. 1954; A. Shulov leg.; HUJ INV-Ar 16078 �� 1 &female;; same locality as for preceding; 30 May 1957; M. Pener leg.; HUJ INV-Ar 16088 �� 1 &male;; same locality as for preceding; 24 Apr. 2014; I. Armiach Steinpress leg.; HUJ INV-Ar 16059 �� 1 &female;; same locality as for preceding; 10 Apr. 2019; Y. Zvik leg.; HUJ INV-Ar INVAr 20319 �� 1 &female;; Ze��elim; [31.17�� N, 34.55�� E]; 9 Apr. 1967; P. Amitai leg.; HUJ INV-Ar 16071 �� 2 &female;&female; with egg-sac; same locality as for preceding; 9 Apr. 1967; P. Amitai leg.; HUJ INV-Ar 16080 to 16081 �� 2 &female;&female;; same locality as for preceding; 9 Apr. 1967; P. Amitai leg.; HUJ INV-Ar 16082 to 16083 �� 2 &female;&female;; Ze��elim; [31.176�� N, 34.556�� E]; 21 Jul. 2015; I. Armiach Steinpress leg.; HUJ INV-Ar 16054 to 16055 �� 1 &male;, 1 &female;; same locality as for preceding; 23 Jul. 2015; I. Armiach Steinpress leg.; HUJ INV-Ar 16045 to 16046. PALESTINE �� Gaza strip �� &female;; Jabaliya; [31.52�� N, 34.48�� E]; 10 Jul. 1972; M. Timtpulson leg.; HUJ INV-Ar 16074. Natural history Adults of Evippa arenaria were collected from February through October, and egg-sacs are recorded from February to September (Table 3). Both nocturnal and diurnal activity were observed. Evippa arenaria is the most mesophilic species of the four Evippa species found in Israel. It is found in sand and loess substrate throughout the semi-arid and arid parts of the Negev (Figs 15B, 16). It is also found in the Mediterranean climate zone, along the coastal dune strip (Figs 15D, 16). In the northern edge of its distribution in Israel and Palestine, E. arenaria is a strict psammophile, found only on exposed sand, but in the Negev desert it appears to be more generalist in its edaphic preferences, and is even found on somewhat rocky hillsides. Distribution Algeria, Tunisia, Lybia, Chad and Egypt (Alderweireldt 1991); Israel, Palestine; the report from Syria (Reimoser, 1919) is doubtful. Records Israel: Negev (Ashalim, Be��er Mash��abbim, Bor Mashash Sands, Hatira Ridge, Holot Agur, Makhtesh Ramon, Mamshit, Mishor Yamin, Nahal Ashan, Nahal Sekher (Sands), Sede Boqer, Sede Zin, Yeroham, Ze��elim), Coastal Plain (Ben Zakkay, Miqwe Yisra��el, Nizzanim, Nahal Soreq (Wadi Rubin), Palmahim). Palestine: Gaza (Jabalyia) (Fig. 16). Remarks Despite extensive sampling in the Negev in all seasons, no adult E. arenaria were collected from November to January. This may be due to seasonal changes in activity (see Discussion)., Published as part of Steinpress, Igor Armiach, Alderweireldt, Mark, Cohen, Mira, Chipman, Ariel & Gavish-Regev, Efrat, 2021, Synopsis of the Evippinae (Araneae, Lycosidae) of Israel, with description of a new species, pp. 87-124 in European Journal of Taxonomy 733 on pages 109-111, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.733.1225, http://zenodo.org/record/4505891, {"references":["Pavesi P. 1880. Studi sugli aracnidi africani. I. Aracnidi di Tunisia. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova 15: 283 - 388.","Reimoser E. 1919. Katalog der echten Spinnen (Araneae) des Palaarktischen Gebietes. Abhandlungen der Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien 10 (2): 1 - 280.","Caporiacco L. di 1933. Araneidi. In: Spedizione scientifica all'oasi di Cufra (Marzo-Luglio 1931). Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova 56: 311 - 340.","Bodenheimer F. S. 1937. Prodromus faunae Palestinae. Memoires presentes a l'Institut d'Egypte 33: 1 - 286.","Roewer C. F. 1955. Katalog der Araneae von 1758 bis 1940, bzw. 1954. Volume 2: 1 - 1751. Bruxelles.","Bonnet P. 1956. Bibliographia araneorum. Analyse methodique de toute la litterature araneologique jusqu'en 1939. Tome II. Systematique des araignees (Etude par ordre alphabetique) (2 me partie: C-F): 919 - 1926. Douladoure Toulouse.","Alderweireldt M. 1991. A revision of the African representatives of the wolf spider genus Evippa Simon, 1882 (Araneae, Lycosidae) with notes on allied species and genera. Journal of Natural History 25 (2): 359 - 381. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222939100770261","Roewer C. F. 1959. Araneae Lycosaeformia II (Lycosidae). Exploration du Parc National de l'Upemba, Mission G. F. de Witte 55: 1 - 518.","Denis J. 1966. Les araignees du Fezzan. Bulletin de la Societe d'Histoire naturelle d'Afrique du Nord 55: 103 - 144."]}
Published: 2021
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13. Evippomma simoni Alderweireldt 1992

Author: Steinpress, Igor Armiach, Alderweireldt, Mark, Cohen, Mira, Chipman, Ariel, and Gavish-Regev, Efrat
Subjects: Evippomma simoni, Arthropoda, Arachnida, Animalia, Araneae, Biodiversity, Evippomma, Lycosidae, Taxonomy
Abstract: Evippomma simoni Alderweireldt, 1992 Figs 1�� 2, 4E, 5E, 6E, 7E, 8E, 10E, 11E, 13B, D, 14B Evippomma simoni Alderweireldt, 1992: 161, fig. 3a��c (&male;, Sudan). Diagnosis Recognized by a combination of genital characters. Male palp: tegular apophysis small, translucent, oriented distad, parallel to plane of bulb, laterally barb-shaped (Figs 6E, 7E, 8E). Tegulum presents single sinus shape curve of sperm duct (in Evippa: two) (Fig. 6E). Epigyne: rounded or hat-shaped, wider than long, septum wide. Atria narrow, shallow, greatly constricted distally (in Evippa: width approximately equal throughout), similar to epigyne of E. squamulatum, but proximal portion of atrium wide (in E. squamulatum proximal portion of atrium slit-shaped) (Figs 10E, 13B, D). It is the only Evippinae in Israel covered in flat, leaf-shaped setae and without annulations on the legs. Material examined ISRAEL �� Dead Sea Area �� 1 &male;; Near Sedom; [31.01�� N, 35.35�� E]; 10 Apr. 1967; P. Amitai leg.; HUJ INV-Ar 16537. �� Negev �� 1 &female;; Be��er Mash��abbim; [31.01�� N, 34.76�� E]; 18 Sep. 1990; Y. Lubin leg.; HUJ INV-Ar 16544 �� 3 &male;&male;; same collection data as for preceding; 11 Apr. 1991; Y. Lubin leg.; HUJ INV-Ar 16541, 16568 to 16569 �� 2 &male;&male;; same collection data as for preceding; 27 May 1992; Y. Lubin leg.; HUJ INV-Ar 16540, 16570 �� 3 &female;&female;; same collection data as for preceding; 25 Jun. 1992; Y. Lubin leg.; HUJ INV-Ar 16050, 16571 to 16572 �� 4 &male;&male;; same collection data as for preceding; 30 Apr. 1993; Y. Lubin leg.; HUJ INV-Ar 16049, 16573 to 16575 �� 1 &female;; same collection data as for preceding; 30 Apr. 1993; Y. Lubin leg.; HUJ INV-Ar 16042 �� 1 &male;; Holot Agur; [30.97�� N, 34.40�� E]; 1 Apr. 2012; I. Renan leg.; HUJ INV-Ar 16536 �� 1 subadult &female;; same collection data as for preceding; 26 Feb. 2013; I. Renan leg.; HUJ INV-Ar 16576 �� 1 juv.; same collection data as for preceding; 14 Mar. 2013; I. Renan leg.; HUJ INV-Ar 16545 �� 1 &female;; Mash��abbim sands; 31.002�� N, 34.754�� E; 16 Jun. 2020; S. Aharon leg.; HUJ INV-Ar 20421 �� 1 &female;; Mash��abbim sands; [31.00�� N, 34.75�� E]; 28 Jun. 2020; S. Aharon leg.; HUJ INV- Ar 20422 �� 4 &male;&male;; Nahal Sekher; [31.09�� N, 34.82�� E]; 5 May 1967; P. Amitai leg.; HUJ INV-Ar 16538 to 16539, 16577 to 16578 �� 1 &female;; Nizzana; [30.89�� N, 34.41�� E]; 29 Aug. 1991; J. Henschel leg.; HUJ INV-Ar 16543 �� 1 &male;; Mamshit; [31.02�� N, 35.06�� E]; 10 Apr. 2018; A. Uzan leg.; HUJ INV-Ar 16579. Description Male MEASUREMENTS (n =12). AME diameter: 0.13��0.2; PME diameter: 0.27��0.4; carapace length: 2.8��3.99; carapace width: 2.1��2.8; abdomen length: 2.7��4.17; leg I (Fe, Pa, Ti, Mt, Tr): 2.77��4.7, 0.98��1.6, 2.39�� 5.96, 2.8��4.86, 1.7��2.3; leg II: 3.38��4.46, 1.2��1.57, 2.8��3.7, 3.57��4.5, 1.7��2.2; leg III: 3.2��4.3, 1.08�� 1.5, 2.27��2.9, 3.5��4.5, 1.78��2.25; leg IV: 3.8��5.26, 1.3��1.68, 3.9��5.1, 4.6��6.0, 2.14��2.58. COLOR. Carapace yellow to orange and brown, lighter around fovea and in patches behind PME; lateral bands brown to grey, radiated, fused posteriorly; ocular area black; cephalic and thoracic regions separated by sharp, black V-shaped line; perimeter with spots of white setae. Clypeus black near AME, light laterally, with white setae on margin. Chelicerae proximally yellow to orange with grey or brown reticulation connecting to oblique brown band in middle, retrolateral margin white. Legs yellow, proximal part of femur and coxa usually grey. Palps yellow to brownish (femur and tarsus darker). Sternum grey to brown, margin black, sometimes with light radiation. Abdomen dorsum yellow to whitish, sometimes with white spots. Cardiac mark yellow to brown, outlined with black spots, surrounded by posteriorly extending broken light band, outlined with dark spots, not reaching spinnerets. Abdominal venter margins yellow to whitish, center irregularly bordered, grey to black with yellow spots. Book lungs white. Spinnerets yellow (Fig. 4E). CARAPACE. Ocular area elevated. Fovea area slightly elevated. CHELICERAL TEETH. 3 promarginal, 2 retromarginal. GENITALIA. Palpal organs weakly sclerotized. Tegulum keel-shaped. Part of sperm duct visible through tegulum bent at 90��. Tegular apophysis small, translucent, oriented distad, with subapical process oriented ventrad; slightly elevated over tegulum (Figs 6E, 7E, 8E). LEGS. Tarsus without pseudoarticulation, but in some specimens tarsi bent. Metatarsus I ventral spination: 2 pairs of long spines (pair I not reaching pair II) + short apical triplet; tibia I ventral spination: 5 pairs (all long except 5 th pair) + short apical pair. Distance between pairs 2��3 greatest. Female MEASUREMENTS (n=6). AME diameter: 0.1��0.19; PME diameter: 0.33��0.42; carapace length: 3.28��4; carapace width: 2.3��3.07; abdomen length: 3.57��5.1; leg I (Fe, Pa, Ti, Mt, Tr): 2.95��3.6, 1.24��1.56, 2.5�� 3.09, 1.84��2.31, 1.22��1.5; leg II: 2.64��3.18, 1.22��1.3, 2.15��2.47, 1.69��2.2, 1.1��1.3; leg III: 2.46��3.14, 1.1��1.26, 1.5��2.9, 1.9��3.1, 1.37��1.6; leg IV: 2.99��3.86, 1.28��1.58, 2.79��3.8, 2.69��3.25, 1.48��1.78. COLOR. Carapace yellow to brownish-orange, covered with white setae, lighter around fovea and in patches behind PME; lateral bands grey, radiated, fused posteriorly; cephalic and thoracic regions separated by sharp, black V-shaped line. Clypeus yellow to brown, covered with leaf-like setae, with dark lateral bar. Chelicerae orange, with leaf-like setae on proximal half, sometimes with grey reticulation and oblique grey band. Legs yellow, usually, greyish on proximal side of segment, sometimes with grey line on dorsal side. Palps yellow, with some grey on femur and tarsus. Sternum brown.Abdomen dorsum yellow to whitish. Cardiac mark grey, usually with two lines of gray spots, connecting above spinnerets. Abdomen venter yellow, grey or white, darker on center. Book lungs white. Spinnerets yellow (Fig. 5E). CARAPACE. Ocular area elevated. Due to the females�� strongly raised cephalic region and short legs they resemble a juvenile Lycosa rather than an Evippa. CHELICERAL TEETH. 3 promarginal, 2 retromarginal. GENITALIA. Epigyne wider than long, septum wide, atria distinct, shallow, narrow, widening proximally. Spermathecae longer than atria, bent retrolaterally, shaped like a crookneck squash (Figs 10E, 11E, 13B, D). LEGS. No pseudoarticulation of the tarsus. Metatarsus I ventral spination: 2 long pairs (pair I reaching base of pair II); tibia I ventral spination: 5 pairs (long, except 5 th) + short apical pair. Natural history Adult Evippomma simoni were collected April through June, August and September (Table 3) and may have a yearly cycle similar to what was suggested for E. arenaria, with a period of lowered activity in the colder months of the year (see Discussion). A female with eggs (HUJ INV-Ar 20422) was collected in June. The species mostly inhabits sandy desert habitats (Fig. 15B). An anecdotal report raises the possibility that the species also exists along the coastal dune strip, similar to Evippa arenaria (Y. Salaviz, pers. com.). Specimen HUJ INV-Ar 20421 was found by S. Aharon in a silk-lined burrow (Fig. 2), similar to what has been reported for E. rechenbergi (Bayer et al. 2017). Distribution Sudan (Alderweireldt 1992), Israel. Israel: Negev (Be��er Mash��abbim, Holot Agur, Nahal Sekher, Mamshit), Dead Sea area (Near Sedom) (Fig. 16). Remarks This is the first record of Evippomma in Israel, and may also be the first record outside of Africa (depending on the dubious report of the species from India (Roewer 1955)). If there is a continuous distribution with the type locality at the northern Sudanese border, this species is to be present in the sandy desert of northern Sinai and in eastern Egypt. It may be distributed in other hot desert environments in the region, such as the sandy deserts of Jordan. Most of the specimens were collected in dune areas, but a specimen from the Sedom area, with a clayrich substrate, suggests that this species is not an obligate psammophile. Phylogenetic relationships of Evippinae based on COI and NADH The ML tree topology recovered the genus Evippa as monophyletic (bootstrap support [BS]= 89%). Evippinae was only moderately supported in our tree (Fig. 17; BS =63%), yet the topology in our tree accords with the tree topology for Lycosidae in Piacentini & Ram��rez 2019 and with the composition of Evippinae sensu Alderweireldt 1991., Published as part of Steinpress, Igor Armiach, Alderweireldt, Mark, Cohen, Mira, Chipman, Ariel & Gavish-Regev, Efrat, 2021, Synopsis of the Evippinae (Araneae, Lycosidae) of Israel, with description of a new species, pp. 87-124 in European Journal of Taxonomy 733 on pages 115-117, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.733.1225, http://zenodo.org/record/4505891, {"references":["Bayer S., Foelix R. & Alderweireldt M. 2017. An unusual new wolf spider species from the Erg Chebbi Desert in Morocco (Araneae: Lycosidae: Evippinae). The Journal of Arachnology 45 (3): 344 - 355. https: // doi. org / 10.1636 / JoA-S- 16 - 094.1","Roewer C. F. 1955. Katalog der Araneae von 1758 bis 1940, bzw. 1954. Volume 2: 1 - 1751. Bruxelles.","Piacentini L. N. & Ramirez M. J. 2019. Hunting the wolf: A molecular phylogeny of the wolf spiders (Araneae, Lycosidae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 136: 227 - 240. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2019.04.004","Alderweireldt M. 1991. A revision of the African representatives of the wolf spider genus Evippa Simon, 1882 (Araneae, Lycosidae) with notes on allied species and genera. Journal of Natural History 25 (2): 359 - 381. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222939100770261"]}
Published: 2021
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14. Evippinae Zyuzin 1985

Author: Steinpress, Igor Armiach, Alderweireldt, Mark, Cohen, Mira, Chipman, Ariel, and Gavish-Regev, Efrat
Subjects: musculoskeletal diseases, Arthropoda, Arachnida, Animalia, Araneae, Biodiversity, Lycosidae, musculoskeletal system, Taxonomy
Abstract: Subfamily Evippinae Zyuzin, 1985 Diagnosis Zyuzin defined this subfamily by the character ��The embolus enters the tegular apophysis, forming a single structural complex with it�� (Zyuzin 1985: 48). Roewer recognized this distinguishing feature for Evippinae (at the time, tribe Evippeae): Metatarsus IV shorter than patella IV + tibia IV (Roewer 1959). Roewer's character is invalid for identification, as Evippa amitaii sp. nov. deviates from these proportions. Description Small- to medium-sized lycosids (Figs 1��5), superficially similar to Pardosinae and Lycosinae in somatic appearance, but distinct in genital structure (Figs 6��13). Anterior eye row narrower than second eye row (PME). Tibia I with 2��6 pairs of ventral spines (apart from apical pair). Spinnerets not elongated. Body densely covered with short (often specialized) setae (Alderweireldt 1992) (Figs 1, 14). Sexual dimorphism usually weak (Figs 4��5) (but see section about Evippomma (Figs 1��2, 4��5)). Zyuzin (1985) described the Evippinae as having an embolus encased in a sheath of transparent tissue (Figs 6��8); embolus base in mesoapical position, partly flattened, lying against cymbium; bent sharply near tip, inserted into tegular apophysis, forming single structure. Epigyne atria very shallow, pale, conspicuous; septum with narrow base, often covered with setae; spermathecae usually large and conspicuous (Figs 10��11, 13). Coloration variable; carapace often with median band (Figs 1 �� 3). Certain genera (Evippa, Zenonina) have a derived habitus, clearly discernible from other lycosid genera (Roewer 1959; Alderweireldt 1991, 1992; Marusik Kovblyuk & Koponen 2011). Natural history Most species inhabit deserts, steppes and savannas, but species of open patches in and along forests (Xerolycosa spp.) are known. Zyuzin (1985) described Xerolycosa as found in dry conifer forests, steppes and arable land, while Evippa inhabits flood plains, semideserts and deserts, often as a sole representative of Lycosidae. They are largely presumed vagrant (Alderweireldt & Jocqu�� 2017), although burrow construction behavior is known from species of Xerolycosa (Marusik et al. 2011) and Evippomma (Bayer et al. 2017). Both diurnal and nocturnal activity has been observed (Zyuzin 1985; * Direct submission to Gen Bank by Astrin J., Hoefer H., Spelda J., Holstein J., Bayer S., Hendrich L., Huber B.A., Kielhorn K.-H., Krammer H.-J., Lemke M., Monje J.C., Moriniere J., Rulik B., Petersen M., Janssen H. and Muster C. I. Armiach Steinpress, pers. obs.). As in all lycosids, the female carries the egg sac attached to her spinnerets and carries the young on her body for some time after hatching (I. Armiach Steinpress, pers. obs.). Distribution The subfamily is restricted to the Old World where it is widely distributed, except in the polar region, wet tropics and wet subtropics. Xerolycosa is found across the Palearctic, from Europe to Japan (with a doubtful species from Zanzibar). Proevippa, Pseudevippa and Zenonina are restricted to sub-Saharan Africa. Evippomma is found in Africa and India (Indian species might belong to a different genus). Evippa is found across arid and semiarid climates throughout Africa and Eurasia, from Tanzania to Siberia (World Spider Catalog 2020). Relationships Molecular studies that included Xerolycosa tend to place it in a rather basally branching position in Lycosidae, away from the Lycosinae (Park et al. 2007; Zehethofer & Sturmbauer 1998). Murphy et al. (2006) have placed Xerolycosa as a sister taxon of the venoniin genera Aulonia (C.L. Koch, 1847) and Hygrolycosa (Dahl, 1908) (Venoniinae was not recovered in the study). A recent molecular phylogeny included for the first time three representatives of Evippinae: Proevippa, Xerolycosa, and Evippomma, and recovered Evippinae as monophyletic (Piacentini 2019). Composition Evippinae consists of 67 species in six genera: 38 species in Evippa Simon, 1882; seven species in Evippomma Roewer, 1959; eleven species in Proevippa Purcell, 1903; one species in Pseudevippa Simon, 1910; four species in Xerolycosa Dahl, 1908; and six species in Zenonina Simon, 1898., Published as part of Steinpress, Igor Armiach, Alderweireldt, Mark, Cohen, Mira, Chipman, Ariel & Gavish-Regev, Efrat, 2021, Synopsis of the Evippinae (Araneae, Lycosidae) of Israel, with description of a new species, pp. 87-124 in European Journal of Taxonomy 733 on pages 90-94, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.733.1225, http://zenodo.org/record/4505891, {"references":["Zyuzin A. A. 1985. Generic and subfamilial criteria in the systematics of the spider family Lycosidae (Aranei), with the description of a new genus and two new subfamilies. Trudy Zoologicheskogo Instituta AN SSSR 139: 40 - 51.","Roewer C. F. 1959. Araneae Lycosaeformia II (Lycosidae). Exploration du Parc National de l'Upemba, Mission G. F. de Witte 55: 1 - 518.","Alderweireldt M. 1991. A revision of the African representatives of the wolf spider genus Evippa Simon, 1882 (Araneae, Lycosidae) with notes on allied species and genera. Journal of Natural History 25 (2): 359 - 381. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222939100770261","Alderweireldt M. & Jocque R. 2017. Order Araneae, family Lycosidae. Arthropod Fauna of the UAE 6: 3 - 20.","Marusik Y. M., Kovblyuk M. M. & Koponen S. 2011. A survey of the East Palaearctic Lycosidae (Araneae). 9. Genus Xerolycosa Dahl, 1908 (Evippinae). ZooKeys 119: 11 - 27. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 119.1706","Bayer S., Foelix R. & Alderweireldt M. 2017. An unusual new wolf spider species from the Erg Chebbi Desert in Morocco (Araneae: Lycosidae: Evippinae). The Journal of Arachnology 45 (3): 344 - 355. https: // doi. org / 10.1636 / JoA-S- 16 - 094.1","Just P., Opatova V. & Dolejs P. 2019. Does reproductive behaviour reflect phylogenetic relationships? An example from Central European Alopecosa wolf spiders (Araneae: Lycosidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 185 (4): 1039 - 1056. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / zoolinnean / zly 060","Ashfaq M., Blagoev G., Tahir H. M., Khan A. M., Mukhtar M. K., Akhtar S., Butt A., Mansoor S. & Hebert P. D. 2019. Assembling a DNA barcode reference library for the spiders (Arachnida: Araneae) of Pakistan. PloS One 14 (5): e 0217086. https: // doi. org / 10.1371 / journal. pone. 0217086","Simon E. 1895. Arachnides recueillis par M. G. Potanine en Chinie et en Mongolie (1876 - 1879). Bulletin de l'Academie imperiale des Sciences de St. - Petersbourg (5) 2: 331 - 345.","Pickard-Cambridge O. 1871. Notes on a collection of Arachnida made by J. K. Lord, Esq., in the peninsula of Sinai and on the African borders of the Red Sea. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 38: 818 - 823.","Piacentini L. N. & Ramirez M. J. 2019. Hunting the wolf: A molecular phylogeny of the wolf spiders (Araneae, Lycosidae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 136: 227 - 240. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2019.04.004","Blagoev G. A., Dewaard J. R., Ratnasingham S., Dewaard S. L., Lu L., Robertson J., Telfer A. C. & Hebert P. D. 2016. Untangling taxonomy: a DNA barcode reference library for Canadian spiders. Molecular Ecology Resources 16 (1): 325 - 341. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / 1755 - 0998.12444","Murphy N. P., Framenau V. W., Donnellan S. C., Harvey M. S., Park Y. C. & Austin A. D. 2006. Phylogenetic reconstruction of the wolf spiders (Araneae: Lycosidae) using sequences from the 12 S rRNA, 28 S rRNA, and NADH 1 genes: Implications for classification, biogeography, and the evolution of web building behavior. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 38 (3): 583 - 602. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2005.09.004","Folmer O., Black M., Hoeh W., Lutz R. & Vrijenhoek R. 1994. DNA primers for amplification of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I from diverse metazoan invertebrates. Molecular Marine Biology and Biotechnology 3 (5): 294 - 299.","World Spider Catalog 2020. World Spider Catalog. Version 21.0. Natural History Museum Bern. Available from http: // wsc. nmbe. ch [accessed 5 May 2020]. https: // doi. org / 10.24436 / 2","Park Y. C., Yoo J. S., Schwarz M. P., Murphy N. & Kim J. P. 2007. Molecular phylogeny of East Asian wolf spiders (Araneae: Lycosidae) inferred from mitochondrial 12 S ribosomal DNA. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 100 (1): 1 - 8. https: // doi. org / 10.1603 / 0013 - 8746 (2007) 100 [1: MPOEAW] 2.0. CO; 2","Zehethofer K. & Sturmbauer C. 1998. Phylogenetic relationships of Central European wolf spiders (Araneae: Lycosidae) inferred from 12 S ribosomal DNA sequences. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 10 (3): 391 - 398. https: // doi. org / 10.1006 / mpev. 1998.0536","Simon E. 1898. Histoire naturelle des araignees. Second Edition, Volume 2: 193 - 380. Roret, Paris. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 51973"]}
Published: 2021
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15. Evippa onager Simon, 1895 sensu Sternbergs 1979

Author: Steinpress, Igor Armiach, Alderweireldt, Mark, Cohen, Mira, Chipman, Ariel, and Gavish-Regev, Efrat
Subjects: Arthropoda, Arachnida, Evippa, Animalia, Araneae, Biodiversity, Lycosidae, Taxonomy, Evippa onager
Abstract: Evippa onager Simon, 1895 sensu ��ternbergs 1979 Figs 3 C��D, 4C, 5C, 6C, 7C, 8C, 10C, 11C Evippa onager Simon, 1895: 341 (&female;, China). Evippa caucasica Zamani et al., 2016: 107, figs 28��30 (&male;, Iran). (misidentification corrected by Zamani et al. 2017) Evippa? onager �� ternbergs 1979: 67, fig. 1 (misidentified fide Marusik et al. 2003: 50) (&male; &female;, Turkmenistan). Evippa? onager sensu ��ternbergs 1979 �� Marusik et al. 2003: 50, figs 19��22, 28��29 (&male; &female;, Turkmenistan). Diagnosis Recognized by short, robust legs (carapace longer than �� of leg I), coloration and its genital morphology. Prosoma of preserved specimens dark brown (other Evippinae in Israel are yellow after preservation). Male palp: tegular apophysis parallel to cymbium, with single, small, subapical process oriented ventrad (Figs 6C, 7C, 8C). It is the only Evippa in Israel with a subapical process directed ventrad at 90�� to the tegular apophysis. In the similar Evippa caucasica Marusik, Guseinov & Koponen, 2003, the base of the subapical process reaches the tip of the tegular apophysis, whereas in E. onager, the tip and the process are distinct. Epigyne: atria distinct, widest in middle. Septum narrow, slightly constricted in middle, broadened distally (Figs 10C, 11C). Material examined ISRAEL �� Dead Sea Area �� 1 &male;; Qalya; [31.74�� N, 35.46�� E]; 15 Feb. 1941; A. Shulov leg.; HUJ INV- Ar 16510. �� Negev �� 1 subadult &female;; Nahal Hiyyon; [30.191�� N, 35.008�� E]; 30 Jul. 2019; HUJ INV-Ar 20315 �� 1 &male;; same collection data as for preceding; 30 Jul. 2019; HUJ INV-Ar 20316 �� 1 &female;; Biq��at ��Uvda (�� Uvda valley); [29.998�� N, 34.973�� E]; 18 Mar. 2018; E. Gavish-Regev leg.; HUJ INV-Ar 20314. Description Male MEASUREMENTS (n =2, specimen HUJ INV-Ar 20316 (the smaller of the two) was raised in the laboratory and might not be representative of sizes found in wild populations). AME diameter: 0.24��0.2; PME diameter: 0.51��0.4; carapace length: 3.97��3.58; carapace width: 2.94��2.67; abdomen length: 2.81��3.4; leg I (Fe, Pa, Ti, Mt, Tr): 2.99��2.74 (rest missing in specimen HUJ INV-Ar 16510), 1.26, 2.38, 2.3, 1.27; leg II: 2.91��2.44, 1.27��1.17, 3.04��2.3, 2.91��2.4 (rest missing in specimen HUJ INV-Ar 16510), 1.19; leg III: 2.29��2.6, 1.38��1.22, 2.59��2.22, 3.51��2.86, 1.51��1.34; leg IV: 3.83��3.34, 1.64��1.37, 3.43��2.9, 5.13��4.13, 1.99��1.61. COLOR. Carapace brown, darker on margins and in ocular area, sparsely radiated. Clypeus center dark, margins white. Chelicerae dark yellow, striated brown. Legs yellow, dorsum with wide brown annulations. Palps yellow, tarsus darkest. Sternum brown to black. Abdomen dorsum brown to black with white setae. Abdomen venter black to brown, with sparse white setae. Spinnerets yellow (Fig. 4C). Live specimens dark yellow; legs with faint annulations. CARAPACE. Transverse depression posterior to ocular area. CHELICERAL TEETH. 2 promarginal, 2 retromarginal. GENITALIA. Palpal organs weakly sclerotized. Tegulum flat. Part of sperm duct visible through tegulum makes two sinoid curves. Tegular apophysis large, somewhat transparent, oriented distad, with subapical process oriented ventrad. Subapical process sharp, distinct from sharp tip of tegular apophysis (Figs 6C, 7C, 8C). LEGS. Pseudoarticulation of tarsi not evident, but tarsi curved. Metatarsus I ventral spination: 3 pairs + apical triplet; tibia I ventral spination: 5 pairs + apical pair. Female MEASUREMENTS. AME diameter: 0.2; PME diameter: 0.56; carapace length: 3.88; carapace width: 2.8; abdomen length: 4.44; leg I (Fe, Pa, Ti, Mt, Tr): 2.54, 1.37, 2.35, 1.94, 1.03; leg II: 2.55, 1.36, 2.26, 1.96, 0.96; leg III: 2.58, 1.31, 2.22, 2.39, 1.1; leg IV: 3.31, 1.47, 2.93, 3.9, 1.41. COLOR. Carapace blackish, with some orange setae and orange fringe of setae. Clypeus blackish. Chelicerae reddish brown. Legs yellow, dorsum annulated grey. Palps yellow. Sternum black. Abdomen dorsum dark brown. Abdomen venter grey, spotted yellow. Spinnerets yellow (Fig. 4C). Live specimens yellow, legs mildly annulated (Figs 3 C��D). CARAPACE. Transverse depression posterior to ocular area. CHELICERAL TEETH. 3 promarginal, 2 retromarginal. GENITALIA. Epigyne septum wider posteriorly, margins with small tooth or terrace in middle. Atria distinct (Fig. 10C), width variable (compare ��ternbergs 1979). Spermathecae round, unbent, distinct from sperm ducts (Fig. 11C). LEGS. No clear pseudoarticulation on tarsi. Metatarsus I ventral spination: 3 pairs + apical triplet; tibia I ventral spination: 6 pairs + apical pair. Natural history Outside Israel inhabits steppes. In Israel inhabits hyperarid deserts. Specimens were found at night, on and in the cracks of fine-grained floodplain deposits (Fig. 15C). Adult female collected in March, adult male collected in February, juveniles collected in July (Table 3). The short legs, not typical of Evippinae, may be an adaptation for a somewhat fossorial lifestyle. Distribution Turkmenistan (��ternbergs 1979), Iran (Zamani et al. 2016), Israel. Records Israel: Dead Sea area (Qalya), Negev (Biq��at ��Uvda, Nahal Hiyyon) (Fig. 16). Remarks The female of Evippa onager was originally described from China by Simon (1895), and redescribed from both sexes by ��ternbergs (1979) from Turkmenistan. It is very unlikely that these later specimens are conspecific with the holotype (fide Marusik et al. 2003). As we have not examined Simon��s type specimen, we avoided describing a new species and instead have chosen to treat the species as Evippa onager sensu ��ternbergs, following Marusik et al. (2003). The species�� population in Israel is by far the southernmost and westernmost of the three known localities, and the only one not in a steppe habitat. Nevertheless, cool steppe habitats are found in Israel and it would be helpfull to search them for E. onager. See Phylogenetic relationships of Evippinae based on COI and NADH for a partial molecular phylogeny and a discussion of the placement of E. onager., Published as part of Steinpress, Igor Armiach, Alderweireldt, Mark, Cohen, Mira, Chipman, Ariel & Gavish-Regev, Efrat, 2021, Synopsis of the Evippinae (Araneae, Lycosidae) of Israel, with description of a new species, pp. 87-124 in European Journal of Taxonomy 733 on pages 111-113, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.733.1225, http://zenodo.org/record/4505891, {"references":["Simon E. 1895. Arachnides recueillis par M. G. Potanine en Chinie et en Mongolie (1876 - 1879). Bulletin de l'Academie imperiale des Sciences de St. - Petersbourg (5) 2: 331 - 345.","Sternbergs M. 1979. New and little known spider species of genera [sic] Evippa (Aranei, Lycosidae) in Turkmenistan. Izvestiya Akademii Nauk Turkmenskoi SSR Seriya Biologicheskikh Nauk (Biol. Nauk) 1979 (5): 65 - 67.","Zamani A., Mirshamsi O., Rashidi P., Marusik Y. M., Moradmand M. & Bolzern A. 2016. New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Aranei), part III. Arthropoda Selecta 25 (1): 99 - 114. https: // doi. org / 10.15298 / arthsel. 25.1.10","Zamani A., Mirshamsi O., Dolejs P., Marusik Y. M., Esyunin S. L., Hula V. & Ponel P. 2017. New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae), part IV. Acta Arachnologica 66 (2): 55 - 71. https: // doi. org / 10.2476 / asjaa. 66.55","Marusik Y. M., Guseinov E. & Koponen S. 2003. Spiders (Arachnida: Aranei) of Azerbaijan. 2. Critical survey of wolf spiders (Lycosidae) found in the country with description of three new species and brief review of Palaearctic Evippa Simon, 1885. Arthropoda Selecta 12 (1): 47 - 65."]}
Published: 2021
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16. Evippa amitaii Steinpress & Alderweireldt & Cohen & Chipman & Gavish-Regev 2021, sp. nov

Author: Steinpress, Igor Armiach, Alderweireldt, Mark, Cohen, Mira, Chipman, Ariel, and Gavish-Regev, Efrat
Subjects: Arthropoda, Evippa amitaii, Arachnida, Evippa, Animalia, Araneae, Biodiversity, Lycosidae, Taxonomy
Abstract: Evippa amitaii sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: CB6C5814-B74C-4FEC-AD41-27D18232D3FC Figs 4A, 5A, 6A, 7A, 8A, 9, 10A, 11A, 12, 13A, 13C Diagnosis Recognized by a combination of genital characters (compare with Evippa aequalis Alderweireldt, 1991). Male palp: tegular apophysis tip flat, curved ventrad. Basal process of tegular apophysis long, with sharp tip. Bulb differs from the bulbs of other Evippinae species found in Israel, and from that of E. aequalis, by the terminal apophysis (process between tegular apophysis and cymbium) being at least at 40�� angle to tegular apophysis and oriented ventrad (in the others the tip of the tegular apophysis is oriented distad) (Figs 6A, 7A, 8A, 12). Epigyne: Atrium borders indistinct. Septum wide, longer than atrium, narrowing slightly anteriorly and mesally, creating a small protrusion (Figs 10A, 13A). Spermathecae club-shaped, long, reaching over frontal edge of atria (Figs 11A, 13C). In contrast, the similar E. praelongipes lacks the protrusion in the septum (Fig. 10D). The similar E. aequalis has a protrusion in the septum, but has short spermathecae, not reaching the frontal edge of the atria (Alderweireldt 1991). Etymology Named after Pinchas Amitai, an Israeli entomologist, writer and educator, who coined the Hebrew name for Evippa: &Scedil;�� (Pronounced: rats��hol, meaning ��sand-runner��). Material examined Holotype ISRAEL �� Dead Sea Area �� &male;; Ne��ot HaKikkar; [30.94�� N, 35.37�� E]; Nov. 2014; I. Renan leg.; HUJ INV-Ar 16051. Paratype ISRAEL �� Dead Sea Area �� 1 &female;; Ne��ot HaKikkar; [30.94�� N, 35.37�� E]; 3��27 Aug. 2014; I. Renan leg.; pitfall; HUJ INV-Ar 16048. Other material ISRAEL �� Dead Sea Area �� 1 &male;; Ne��ot HaKikkar; [30.94�� N, 35.37�� E]; 3��27 Aug. 2014; pitfall; I. Renan leg.; HUJ INV-Ar 16047 �� 1 &female;; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-Ar 16052 �� 1 &female;; Sedom; [31.01�� N, 35.35�� E]; 21 Apr. 1954; A. Shulov leg.; HUJ INV-Ar 16053. Description Male MALE HOLOTYPE MEASUREMENTS. AME diameter: 0.15; PME diameter: 0.36; carapace length: 2.37; carapace width: 2.2; abdomen length: 2.34; leg I (Fe, Pa, Ti, Mt, Tr): 3.16, 1.21, 2.92, 3.07, 1.48; leg II: 2.95, 1.2, 2.8, 3.07, 1.54; leg III: 2.98, 1.05, 2.87, 3.67, 1.55; leg IV: 3.0, 1.04, 2.88, 3.77, 1.71. VARIATION IN MALES (n= 2). AME diameter: 0.15��0.16; PME diameter: 0.36��0.39; carapace length: 2.37��2.61; carapace width: 2.2��2.25; abdomen length: 2.1��2.34; legs I, III, IV of male HUJ INV-Ar 16047 are missing. Leg II (Fe, Pa, Ti, Mt, Tr): 2.99, 1.07, 2.9, 3.9, 1.6. CARAPACE. Transverse depression posterior to ocular area. CHELICERAL TEETH. 3 promarginal, 2 retromarginal. COLOR. Carapace yellow, lateral bands faint, brown-grey; margins spotted. Clypeus yellow to brown. Chelicerae yellow, darker retrolaterally. Legs yellow. Femora III��IV with grey dorsal bands. Palps yellow. Sternum yellow. Abdomen dorsum yellow, with dark spots on margins, cardiac mark dark. Abdomen venter yellow to dark yellow, sometimes with longitudinal lines. Spinnerets yellow to orange (Fig. 4A). GENITALIA. Palpal organs strongly sclerotized. Part of sperm duct visible through tegulum as sinuous line. Tegulum bulging. Tegular apophysis large, curved ventrad at about 90��, tip flat (Figs 6A, 7A, 8A, 9, 12), best examined in distal view (Figs 9, 12C). Terminal apophysis long, sharp, slightly curved, oriented distad. LEGS. Pseudoarticulation of tarsi present. Metatarsus I ventral spination: 3 pairs + apical triplet; tibia I ventral spination: 6 pairs + single weak retrolateral spine + apical pair. Female FEMALE PARATYPE MEASUREMENTS. AME diameter: 0.15; PME diameter: 0.37; carapace length: 3.18; carapace width: 2.46; abdomen length: 2.85; leg I (Fe, Pa, Ti, Mt, Tr): 2.6, 1.2, 2.8, 2.77, 1.4; leg II: 2.9, 1.0, 2.85, 2.69, 1.38; leg III: 3.0, 1.2, 2.7, 3.2, 1.5; leg IV: 4.2, 1.2, 3.98, 5.27, 2.0 VARIATION IN FEMALES (n=3). AME diameter: 0.15��0.19; PME diameter: 0.35��0.46; carapace length: 3.14��3. 2; carapace width: 2.46��2.8; abdomen length: 2.85��4.37; leg I (Fe, Pa, Ti, Mt, Tr): 2.6��3.1, 1.2, 2.8��3.09, 2.77��2.8, 1.4��1.5; leg II: 2.9��3.19, 1.0��1.18, 2.85��2.9, 2.69��2.79, 1.35��1.38; leg III: 3.0��3.7, 1.2��1.25, 2.7��2.88, 3.2��3.5, 1.5��1.8; leg IV: 4.2��4.6, 1.2��1.37, 3.98��4.1, 5.6��5.27, 2.0. COLOR. Carapace yellow, lateral bands distinct, orange to brown, sometimes radiated. Clypeus yellow to brown. Chelicerae orange. Legs yellow. Legs I��II with faint grey spots. Femora III��IV with three dorsal bands. Palps yellow, darker towards tip, femora with dark stain. Sternum yellow. Abdomen dorsum yellow, with four brown, unfused chevrons (sometimes indistinct); dark cardiac mark. Abdomen venter whitish. Spinnerets whitish yellow with brown setae (Fig. 5A). CARAPACE. Transverse depression posterior to ocular area. CHELICERAL TEETH. 3 promarginal, 2 retromarginal. GENITALIA. Epigyne as wide as long, septum approximately straight, mildly widening on proximal half, atria indistinct laterally. Spermathecae club-shaped, slightly longer than atria (Figs 10A, 11A, 13C). LEGS. Pseudoarticulation of tarsi present. Metatarsus I ventral spination: 3 pairs + apical triplet; tibia I ventral spination: 6 pairs + apical pair. Natural history No live specimens observed. Adults collected in April, August and September (Table 3), from salt pans and oases (Fig. 16). Distribution Israel, southern Dead Sea area (Ne��ot HaKikkar, Sedom). (Fig. 16). Remarks The species closely resembles the African species Evippa aequalis Alderweireldt, 1991. The Dead Sea area is known to be a refugium for tropical species (Yom-Tov & Tchernov 1988), mainly of African origin. We suggest that populations of E. amitaii sp. nov., or a closely related species, exist in suitable habitats south of Israel. This species does not conform to Roewer��s diagnostic character for Evippinae (metatarsus IV shorter than patella IV + tibia IV), as the females�� metatarsus IV (5.27 mm) is slightly longer than its patella and tibia IV (1.2 + 3.98 = 5.18 mm)., Published as part of Steinpress, Igor Armiach, Alderweireldt, Mark, Cohen, Mira, Chipman, Ariel & Gavish-Regev, Efrat, 2021, Synopsis of the Evippinae (Araneae, Lycosidae) of Israel, with description of a new species, pp. 87-124 in European Journal of Taxonomy 733 on pages 104-107, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.733.1225, http://zenodo.org/record/4505891, {"references":["Alderweireldt M. 1991. A revision of the African representatives of the wolf spider genus Evippa Simon, 1882 (Araneae, Lycosidae) with notes on allied species and genera. Journal of Natural History 25 (2): 359 - 381. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222939100770261","Pickard-Cambridge O. 1871. Notes on a collection of Arachnida made by J. K. Lord, Esq., in the peninsula of Sinai and on the African borders of the Red Sea. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 38: 818 - 823.","Yom-Tov Y. & Tchernov E. 1988. The Zoogeography of Israel. The Distribution and Abundance at a Zoogeographical Crossroad. Dr. W. Junk Publishers Volume 1: 1 - 682. Roret, Paris."]}
Published: 2021
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17. Evippa Simon 1882

Author: Steinpress, Igor Armiach, Alderweireldt, Mark, Cohen, Mira, Chipman, Ariel, and Gavish-Regev, Efrat
Subjects: Arthropoda, Arachnida, Evippa, Animalia, Araneae, Biodiversity, Lycosidae, Taxonomy
Abstract: Evippa Simon, 1882 Figs 3–13 Evippa Simon, 1882: 367. Type species Evippa arenaria (Audouin, 1826) Diagnosis Evippa is distinguished easily from all other lycosids by a combination of characters: elongated tarsal claws, 5–6 pairs of ventral spines on tibia I (apart from apical pair), transverse depression in carapace posterior to ocular area (Fig. 3) (Alderweireldt 1991). Description Small- to medium-sized lycosids. Cephalic region elevated, separated from thoracic region by transverse depression. Ocular area almost as wide as cephalic region, adorned with long, forward-pointing setae. Clypeus vertical. Anterior row of eyes procurved, narrower than PME. AME larger than ALE. Labium wider than long. Most species with long, slender legs (see E. onager; Fig. 3). Claws usually long, toothed near base. Tarsi of many species with pseudoarticulation. Tibia I with 5–6 pairs of spines (apart from apical pair). Coloration cryptic, usually mottled yellow or brown (Fig. 3). Carapace usually with pale median band. Body covered with short setae throughout (Fig. 14A) (Alderweireldt 1992). Male and female of similar appearance. Embolus large; base in meso-apical position (Figs 6–9, 12). Epigyne usually with well-developed, pale atria (Figs 10, 13). Spermathecae large, sperm ducts twisted (Figs 11, 13) (Tikader & Malhotra 1980; Alderweireldt 1991). Natural history Evippa species inhabit deserts, steppes and savannas, often on sandy, clay or salt-covered plains (Barrientos et al. 2015; Ponomarev & Tsvetkov 2004) (Fig. 15), although mountain-dwelling species are known (Tikader & Malhotra 1980). All species are presumed vagrant (Alderweireldt & Jocqué 2017). Diurnal activity has been observed (I. Armiach Steinpress, pers. obs.) but most activity is crepuscular and nocturnal (Alderweireldt & Jocqué 2017). Adults in warm climates are observed active during most of the year (Barrientos et al. 2015). Distribution The species of Evippa are distributed in arid and semiarid environments across Eurasia and Africa. Eight species are reported from Africa, four species are reported from Europe, and 34 are reported from Asia (13 from Central Asia, nine from India, nine from the Middle East, seven from China and one from Siberia) (World Spider Catalog 2020). In Israel four species are found. Relationships The genus appears to be closely related to Pseudevippa Simon, 1910, from which it is distinguished by the number of ventral spines on tibia I (Alderweireldt 1991). Key to the genus Evippa in Israel 1. Carapace longer than ¼ length of leg I ............. Evippa onager Simon, 1895 sensu Šternbergs 1979 – Carapace shorter than ¼ length of leg I............................................................................................ 2 2. Females............................................................................................................................................. 3 – Males................................................................................................................................................. 5 Females 3. Epigynal septum greatly constricted proximally. Epigynal atria curved proximally towards each other (Fig. 10B) ............................................................................ Evippa arenaria (Audouin, 1826) – Epigynal septum not constricted proximally. Epigynal atria approximately parallel (Figs 10A, D, 13)..................................................................................................................................................... 4 4. Epigynal septum with smooth edges, widening only towards ends (Fig. 10D)........................................................................................................... Evippa praelongipes (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1871) – Epigynal septum edge with small tooth or terrace (Figs 10A, 13A, C)......... Evippa amitaii sp. nov. Males 5. Terminal apophysis (process between tegular apophysis and cymbium, as used by Barrientos et al. 2015) at least at 40° angle to tegular apophysis (Figs 7A, 8A, 12)............... Evippa amitaii sp. nov. – Terminal apophysis approximately parallel to tegular apophysis (Figs 7 B–D, 8B–D).................... 6 6. Subapical process branches off at less than ¼ of MA length from tegular apophysis tip (Figs 7D, 8D)................................................................... Evippa praelongipes (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1871) – Subapical process branches off at more than ¼ of MA length from tegular apophysis tip (Fig. 6B)........................................................................................ Evippa arenaria (Audouin, 1826), Published as part of Steinpress, Igor Armiach, Alderweireldt, Mark, Cohen, Mira, Chipman, Ariel & Gavish-Regev, Efrat, 2021, Synopsis of the Evippinae (Araneae, Lycosidae) of Israel, with description of a new species, pp. 87-124 in European Journal of Taxonomy 733 on pages 100-102, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.733.1225, http://zenodo.org/record/4505891, {"references":["Alderweireldt M. 1991. A revision of the African representatives of the wolf spider genus Evippa Simon, 1882 (Araneae, Lycosidae) with notes on allied species and genera. Journal of Natural History 25 (2): 359 - 381. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222939100770261","Tikader B. K. & Malhotra M. S. 1980. Lycosidae (Wolf-spiders). Fauna India (Araneae) 1: 248 - 447.","Barrientos J. A., Minano J. & Mestre L. 2015. Primera cita de Evippa Simon, 1882 para Europa occidental y descripcion del macho de Evippa kirchshoferae Roewer, 1959 (Araneae: Lycosidae). Revista Iberica de Aracnologia 27: 3 - 12.","Ponomarev A. V. & Tsvetkov A. S. 2004. The generalized data on spiders (Aranei) of the Nature Research \" Rostovski \". Trudy Gosudarstvennogo Zapovednika \" Rostovskii \" 3: 84 - 104.","Alderweireldt M. & Jocque R. 2017. Order Araneae, family Lycosidae. Arthropod Fauna of the UAE 6: 3 - 20.","World Spider Catalog 2020. World Spider Catalog. Version 21.0. Natural History Museum Bern. Available from http: // wsc. nmbe. ch [accessed 5 May 2020]. https: // doi. org / 10.24436 / 2","Simon E. 1895. Arachnides recueillis par M. G. Potanine en Chinie et en Mongolie (1876 - 1879). Bulletin de l'Academie imperiale des Sciences de St. - Petersbourg (5) 2: 331 - 345.","Sternbergs M. 1979. New and little known spider species of genera [sic] Evippa (Aranei, Lycosidae) in Turkmenistan. Izvestiya Akademii Nauk Turkmenskoi SSR Seriya Biologicheskikh Nauk (Biol. Nauk) 1979 (5): 65 - 67.","Pickard-Cambridge O. 1871. Notes on a collection of Arachnida made by J. K. Lord, Esq., in the peninsula of Sinai and on the African borders of the Red Sea. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 38: 818 - 823."]}
Published: 2021
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18. Evippa amitaii Steinpress & Alderweireldt & Cohen & Chipman & Gavish-Regev 2021, sp. nov

Author: Steinpress, Igor Armiach, Alderweireldt, Mark, Cohen, Mira, Chipman, Ariel, and Gavish-Regev, Efrat
Subjects: Arthropoda, Evippa amitaii, Arachnida, Evippa, Animalia, Araneae, Biodiversity, Lycosidae, Taxonomy
Abstract: Evippa amitaii sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: CB6C5814-B74C-4FEC-AD41-27D18232D3FC Figs 4A, 5A, 6A, 7A, 8A, 9, 10A, 11A, 12, 13A, 13C Diagnosis Recognized by a combination of genital characters (compare with Evippa aequalis Alderweireldt, 1991). Male palp: tegular apophysis tip flat, curved ventrad. Basal process of tegular apophysis long, with sharp tip. Bulb differs from the bulbs of other Evippinae species found in Israel, and from that of E. aequalis, by the terminal apophysis (process between tegular apophysis and cymbium) being at least at 40° angle to tegular apophysis and oriented ventrad (in the others the tip of the tegular apophysis is oriented distad) (Figs 6A, 7A, 8A, 12). Epigyne: Atrium borders indistinct. Septum wide, longer than atrium, narrowing slightly anteriorly and mesally, creating a small protrusion (Figs 10A, 13A). Spermathecae club-shaped, long, reaching over frontal edge of atria (Figs 11A, 13C). In contrast, the similar E. praelongipes lacks the protrusion in the septum (Fig. 10D). The similar E. aequalis has a protrusion in the septum, but has short spermathecae, not reaching the frontal edge of the atria (Alderweireldt 1991). Etymology Named after Pinchas Amitai, an Israeli entomologist, writer and educator, who coined the Hebrew name for Evippa: &Scedil;וחצר (Pronounced: rats’hol, meaning “sand-runner”). Material examined Holotype ISRAEL – Dead Sea Area • &male;; Ne’ot HaKikkar; [30.94° N, 35.37° E]; Nov. 2014; I. Renan leg.; HUJ INV-Ar 16051. Paratype ISRAEL – Dead Sea Area • 1 &female;; Ne’ot HaKikkar; [30.94° N, 35.37° E]; 3–27 Aug. 2014; I. Renan leg.; pitfall; HUJ INV-Ar 16048. Other material ISRAEL – Dead Sea Area • 1 &male;; Ne’ot HaKikkar; [30.94° N, 35.37° E]; 3–27 Aug. 2014; pitfall; I. Renan leg.; HUJ INV-Ar 16047 • 1 &female;; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-Ar 16052 • 1 &female;; Sedom; [31.01° N, 35.35° E]; 21 Apr. 1954; A. Shulov leg.; HUJ INV-Ar 16053. Description Male MALE HOLOTYPE MEASUREMENTS. AME diameter: 0.15; PME diameter: 0.36; carapace length: 2.37; carapace width: 2.2; abdomen length: 2.34; leg I (Fe, Pa, Ti, Mt, Tr): 3.16, 1.21, 2.92, 3.07, 1.48; leg II: 2.95, 1.2, 2.8, 3.07, 1.54; leg III: 2.98, 1.05, 2.87, 3.67, 1.55; leg IV: 3.0, 1.04, 2.88, 3.77, 1.71. VARIATION IN MALES (n= 2). AME diameter: 0.15–0.16; PME diameter: 0.36–0.39; carapace length: 2.37–2.61; carapace width: 2.2–2.25; abdomen length: 2.1–2.34; legs I, III, IV of male HUJ INV-Ar 16047 are missing. Leg II (Fe, Pa, Ti, Mt, Tr): 2.99, 1.07, 2.9, 3.9, 1.6. CARAPACE. Transverse depression posterior to ocular area. CHELICERAL TEETH. 3 promarginal, 2 retromarginal. COLOR. Carapace yellow, lateral bands faint, brown-grey; margins spotted. Clypeus yellow to brown. Chelicerae yellow, darker retrolaterally. Legs yellow. Femora III–IV with grey dorsal bands. Palps yellow. Sternum yellow. Abdomen dorsum yellow, with dark spots on margins, cardiac mark dark. Abdomen venter yellow to dark yellow, sometimes with longitudinal lines. Spinnerets yellow to orange (Fig. 4A). GENITALIA. Palpal organs strongly sclerotized. Part of sperm duct visible through tegulum as sinuous line. Tegulum bulging. Tegular apophysis large, curved ventrad at about 90°, tip flat (Figs 6A, 7A, 8A, 9, 12), best examined in distal view (Figs 9, 12C). Terminal apophysis long, sharp, slightly curved, oriented distad. LEGS. Pseudoarticulation of tarsi present. Metatarsus I ventral spination: 3 pairs + apical triplet; tibia I ventral spination: 6 pairs + single weak retrolateral spine + apical pair. Female FEMALE PARATYPE MEASUREMENTS. AME diameter: 0.15; PME diameter: 0.37; carapace length: 3.18; carapace width: 2.46; abdomen length: 2.85; leg I (Fe, Pa, Ti, Mt, Tr): 2.6, 1.2, 2.8, 2.77, 1.4; leg II: 2.9, 1.0, 2.85, 2.69, 1.38; leg III: 3.0, 1.2, 2.7, 3.2, 1.5; leg IV: 4.2, 1.2, 3.98, 5.27, 2.0 VARIATION IN FEMALES (n=3). AME diameter: 0.15–0.19; PME diameter: 0.35–0.46; carapace length: 3.14–3. 2; carapace width: 2.46–2.8; abdomen length: 2.85–4.37; leg I (Fe, Pa, Ti, Mt, Tr): 2.6–3.1, 1.2, 2.8–3.09, 2.77–2.8, 1.4–1.5; leg II: 2.9–3.19, 1.0–1.18, 2.85–2.9, 2.69–2.79, 1.35–1.38; leg III: 3.0–3.7, 1.2–1.25, 2.7–2.88, 3.2–3.5, 1.5–1.8; leg IV: 4.2–4.6, 1.2–1.37, 3.98–4.1, 5.6–5.27, 2.0. COLOR. Carapace yellow, lateral bands distinct, orange to brown, sometimes radiated. Clypeus yellow to brown. Chelicerae orange. Legs yellow. Legs I–II with faint grey spots. Femora III–IV with three dorsal bands. Palps yellow, darker towards tip, femora with dark stain. Sternum yellow. Abdomen dorsum yellow, with four brown, unfused chevrons (sometimes indistinct); dark cardiac mark. Abdomen venter whitish. Spinnerets whitish yellow with brown setae (Fig. 5A). CARAPACE. Transverse depression posterior to ocular area. CHELICERAL TEETH. 3 promarginal, 2 retromarginal. GENITALIA. Epigyne as wide as long, septum approximately straight, mildly widening on proximal half, atria indistinct laterally. Spermathecae club-shaped, slightly longer than atria (Figs 10A, 11A, 13C). LEGS. Pseudoarticulation of tarsi present. Metatarsus I ventral spination: 3 pairs + apical triplet; tibia I ventral spination: 6 pairs + apical pair. Natural history No live specimens observed. Adults collected in April, August and September (Table 3), from salt pans and oases (Fig. 16). Distribution Israel, southern Dead Sea area (Ne’ot HaKikkar, Sedom). (Fig. 16). Remarks The species closely resembles the African species Evippa aequalis Alderweireldt, 1991. The Dead Sea area is known to be a refugium for tropical species (Yom-Tov & Tchernov 1988), mainly of African origin. We suggest that populations of E. amitaii sp. nov., or a closely related species, exist in suitable habitats south of Israel. This species does not conform to Roewer’s diagnostic character for Evippinae (metatarsus IV shorter than patella IV + tibia IV), as the females’ metatarsus IV (5.27 mm) is slightly longer than its patella and tibia IV (1.2 + 3.98 = 5.18 mm).
Published: 2021
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19. Evippomma Roewer 1959

Author: Steinpress, Igor Armiach, Alderweireldt, Mark, Cohen, Mira, Chipman, Ariel, and Gavish-Regev, Efrat
Subjects: Arthropoda, Arachnida, Animalia, Araneae, Biodiversity, Evippomma, Lycosidae, Taxonomy
Abstract: Evippomma Roewer, 1959 Figs 1– 2, 4E, 5E, 6E, 7E, 8E, 10E, 11E, 13B, D, 14B Evippomma Roewer, 1959: 187; type species: Evippomma squamulatum (Simon, 1898). Diagnosis This is the only known genus of Lycosidae in which the body (mainly, the cephalothorax) is densely covered in scale-like, leaf-shaped setae (Figs 1D, 14B). Description Small- to medium-sized wolf spiders. Tibia I with 4–5 pairs of ventral spines (apart from apical pair). Body covered in scale-like, leaf-shaped setae. These setae are reflective and give live specimens a pearly shine (Figs 1–2). Coloration of preserved specimens is brown or yellow. Cephalic region elevated. Ocular area with long macrosetae. Genitalia relatively uniform across genus. Embolus large but not conspicuous. Embolic base in meso-apical position. Tegular apophysis hook-shaped (Figs 6E, 7E, 8E). Median septum of epigyne widened posteriorly. Atria narrow (Figs 10E, 13B). Spermathecae large and sperm ducts twisted (Figs 11E, 13D). Anterior row of eyes procurved, narrower than PME. ALE smaller than AME. Natural history The species inhabit deserts, grasslands and savannas. Evippomma rechenbergi is known to construct silk-lined burrows in sand (Bayer, Foelix & Alderweireldt 2017), as we recorded for E. simoni as well (Fig. 2D). Distribution Found across Africa, with a new record from Israel (but see the section on Composition). Relationships Evippomma is traditionally considered to be related to Evippa (Alderweireldt 1992). Our molecular phylogeny supports this placement (see Phylogenetic relationships of Evippinae based on COI and NADH). Composition Seven species are included: Evippomma albomarginatum Alderweireldt, 1992; E. evippiforme (Caporiacco, 1935); E. evippinum (Simon, 1897); E. plumipes (Lessert, 1936); E. rechenbergi Bayer et al., 2017; E. simoni Alderweireldt, 1992; and E. squamulatum (Simon, 1898). Two representatives of the genus (E. evippiforme and E. evippinum) that were described from India are not considered here as belonging to Evippomma, as they have three pairs of ventral spines on tibia I (Caporiacco 1935), whereas Evippomma is defined as having 4–5 pairs. They might form a separate genus. Moreover, E. evippiforme appears to have genitalia uncharacteristic of the other known Evippomma species., Published as part of Steinpress, Igor Armiach, Alderweireldt, Mark, Cohen, Mira, Chipman, Ariel & Gavish-Regev, Efrat, 2021, Synopsis of the Evippinae (Araneae, Lycosidae) of Israel, with description of a new species, pp. 87-124 in European Journal of Taxonomy 733 on pages 114-115, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.733.1225, http://zenodo.org/record/4505891, {"references":["Roewer C. F. 1959. Araneae Lycosaeformia II (Lycosidae). Exploration du Parc National de l'Upemba, Mission G. F. de Witte 55: 1 - 518.","Simon E. 1898. Histoire naturelle des araignees. Second Edition, Volume 2: 193 - 380. Roret, Paris. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 51973","Bayer S., Foelix R. & Alderweireldt M. 2017. An unusual new wolf spider species from the Erg Chebbi Desert in Morocco (Araneae: Lycosidae: Evippinae). The Journal of Arachnology 45 (3): 344 - 355. https: // doi. org / 10.1636 / JoA-S- 16 - 094.1","Caporiacco L. di 1935. Escursione del Prof. Nello Beccari in Anatolia. Aracnidi. Monitore Zoologico Italiano 46: 283 - 289.","Simon E. 1897. Arachides recueillis par M. M. Maindron a Kurrachee et a Matheran (pres Bombay) en 1896. Bulletin du Museum national d'histoire naturelle Paris 3: 289 - 297."]}
Published: 2021
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19 results on '"Steinpress, Igor Armiach"'

1. Lycosa piochardi Simon 1876

2. Lycosidae Sundevall 1833

3. Geolycosa Montgomery 1904

4. Geolycosa vultuosa

5. Lycosa undetermined

6. Lycosa gesserit Steinpress & Cohen & Pétillon & Chipman & Gavish-Regev 2022, sp. nov

7. Lycosa hyraculus Steinpress & Cohen & Pétillon & Chipman & Gavish-Regev 2022, sp. nov

8. Lycosa hyraculus Steinpress & Cohen & Pétillon & Chipman & Gavish-Regev 2022, sp. nov

9. Lycosa Latreille 1804

10. It's all about the zone: spider assemblages in different ecological zones of Levantine caves

11. Evippa praelongipes

12. Evippa arenaria

13. Evippomma simoni Alderweireldt 1992

14. Evippinae Zyuzin 1985

15. Evippa onager Simon, 1895 sensu Sternbergs 1979

16. Evippa amitaii Steinpress & Alderweireldt & Cohen & Chipman & Gavish-Regev 2021, sp. nov

17. Evippa Simon 1882

18. Evippa amitaii Steinpress & Alderweireldt & Cohen & Chipman & Gavish-Regev 2021, sp. nov

19. Evippomma Roewer 1959

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19 results on '"Steinpress, Igor Armiach"'

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