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Primate tool use is of great interest but has been reported only in a limited number of species. Here we report tool use in crested capuchin monkeys (Sapajus robustus), an almost completely unstudied robust capuchin species. Crested capuchins and their sister species, the yellow-breasted capuchin, diverged from a common ancestor over 2 million years ago, so this study fills a significant gap in understanding of tool use capacity and variation within the robust capuchin monkey radiation. Our study group was a captive population of seven individuals at the Santa Ana Zoo in California. The monkeys were given no prior training, and they were provided with a variety of enrichment items, including materials that could be used as tools as well as hard-to-access resources, for open-ended interactions. In 54 observation hours, monkeys performed eleven tool use actions: digging, hammering, probing, raking, sponging, striking, sweeping, throwing, waving, wedging, and wiping. We observed tool modification, serial tool use, and social learning opportunities, including monkeys' direct observation of tool use and tolerated scrounging of foods obtained through tool use. We also observed significant individual skew in tool use frequency, with one individual using tools daily, and two individuals never using tools during the study. While crested capuchins have never been reported to use tools in the wild, our findings provide evidence for the species' capacity and propensity for tool use, highlighting the urgent need for research on this understudied, endangered primate. By providing detailed data on clearly identified S. robustus individuals, this study marks an effort to counteract the overgeneralization in the captive literature in referring to any robust capuchins of unknown provenance or ancestry as Cebus apella, a practice that obfuscates potential differences among species in tool use performance and repertoire in one of the only species-rich tool-using genera in the world., (© 2022 Wiley Periodicals LLC.)

What role do the media play in the medicalization of sleep problems? This article, based on a British Academy funded project, uses qualitative textual analysis to examine representations of insomnia and snoring in a large representative sample of newspaper articles taken from the UK national press from the mid-1980s to the present day. Constructed as 'common problems' in the population at large, insomnia and snoring we show are differentially located in terms of medicalizing-healthicizing discourses and debates. Our findings also suggest important differences in the gendered construction of these problems and in terms of tabloid and 'broadsheet' newspaper coverage of these issues. Newspaper constructions of sleep, it is concluded, are complex, depending on both the 'problem' and the paper in question.

To provide optimum patient care, physicians often need to actively work with persons who experience an acute loss or terminal illness. Physicians who are aware of and open to the issues involved in the grief process are likely to maintain healthier lives and be more available to their patients and their patients' loved ones at times of loss. However, physicians must also have a way to process the losses they themselves face. Thus, self-care is an important aspect of grieving for both physician and patients. Although the experience of loss is often painful and emotionally charged, it can provide an opportunity for growth and healing. Staying open to the process and the complex feelings involved in grieving promotes greater connection with ourselves and with our patients and their families.

Two of the major cognitive theories of depression, the theory of Beck [Beck, A. T. (1967). Depression: clinical, experimental and theoretical aspects. New York: Harper & Row. and Beck, A. T. (1987) Cognitive models of depression. Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy: an International Quarterly, 1, 5-37] and the hopelessness theory [Abramson, Metalsky, & Alloy, (1989) Hopelessness depression: a theory-based subtype of depression. Psychological Review, 96, 358-372], include the hypothesis that particular negative cognitive styles increase individuals' likelihood of developing episodes of depression, in particular, a cognitively mediated subtype of depression, when they encounter negative life events. The Temple-Wisconsin Cognitive Vulnerability to Depression (CVD) project is a two-site, prospective longitudinal study designed to test this cognitive vulnerability hypothesis, as well as the other etiological hypotheses of Beck's and the hopelessness theories of depression. In this article, based on CVD project findings to date, we review evidence that the hypothesized depressogenic cognitive styles do indeed confer vulnerability for clinically significant depressive disorders and suicidality. In addition, we present evidence regarding moderators of these depressogenic cognitive styles, the information processing and personality correlates of these styles and the possible developmental antecedents of these styles. We end with a consideration of future research directions and the clinical implications of cognitive vulnerability to depression.

Numerous other pathologic conditions are encountered. The relatively few maneuvers and drugs presented here were chosen as the ones most commonly used in daily practice. Cardiac auscultation is just one aspect of the cardiovascular examination; equal attention should be paid to determination of jugular venous pressure, jugular venous wave form, carotid upstroke characteristics, and to observation and palpation of the precordium. Finally, if the examiner keeps in mind the hemodynamic changes induced by the various maneuvers and pharmacologic agents while auscultating the heart, and if he understands the pathophysiology of the commonly encountered cardiac lesions, he should be able to diagnose heart disease and to evaluate more intelligently various murmurs and heart sounds without necessitating the use of expensive invasive or noninvasive procedures.

We used digital subtraction angiography (DSA) with conventional methods of contrast injection to evaluate 13 failing vascular accesses in 12 patients undergoing hemodialysis. DSA results were confirmed in all cases by surgical findings and/or clinical follow-up. The DSA technique is extremely flexible and rapid and requires the injection of only small amounts of dilute contrast with much less patient discomfort. DSA is an excellent alternative to film screen angiography for the evaluation of vascular access complications.

The computerized tomography findings in 2 cases of traumatic renal artery occlusion are reviewed. Both patients had a nonfunctioning, normal-sized kidney with minimal or no contrast enhancement. Based on a review of 60 cases of renal trauma at our institution these findings appear to be specific for occlusion of the renal pedicle.

The plain radiography and CT of four patients with rheumatoid lung disease are reviewed. One patient had histologically confirmed rheumatoid nodules. The subpleural location of the nodules and cavitation were more easily diagnosed using CT. Also on CT the nodules were commonly seen in clusters, a finding not previously reported and not visible on plain films. In three patients honeycombing was visible on both plain radiography and CT. However, the areas of cystic destruction visible on CT were larger than those appreciated on the plain films.