186,469 results on '"Steinberg A"'
Search Results
2. The non-equilibrium Marshak wave problem in non-homogeneous media
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Derei, Nitay, Balberg, Shmuel, Heizler, Shay I., Steinberg, Elad, McClarren, Ryan G., and Krief, Menahem
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Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,Mathematical Physics ,Physics - Computational Physics ,Physics - Plasma Physics - Abstract
We derive a family of similarity solutions to the nonlinear non-equilibrium Marshak wave problem for an inhomogeneous planar medium which is coupled to a time dependent radiation driving source. We employ the non-equilibrium gray diffusion approximation in the supersonic regime. The solutions constitute a generalization of the non-equilibrium nonlinear solutions that were developed recently for homogeneous media. Self-similar solutions are constructed for a power law time dependent surface temperature, a spatial power law density profile and a material model with power law temperature and density dependent opacities and specific energy density. The extension of the problem to non-homogeneous media enables the existence of similarity solutions for a general power law specific material energy. It is shown that the solutions exist for specific values of the temporal temperature drive and spatial density exponents, which depend on the material exponents. We also illustrate how the similarity solutions take various qualitatively different forms which are analyzed with respect to various parameters. Based on the solutions, we define a set of non-trivial benchmarks for supersonic non-equilibrium radiative heat transfer. The similarity solutions are compared to gray diffusion simulations as well as to detailed implicit Monte-Carlo and discrete-ordinate transport simulations in the optically-thick regime, showing a great agreement, which highlights the benefit of these solutions as a code verification test problem., Comment: Accepted for publication in Physics of Fluids. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2401.05138
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- 2024
3. Time-to-Event Pretraining for 3D Medical Imaging
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Huo, Zepeng, Fries, Jason Alan, Lozano, Alejandro, Valanarasu, Jeya Maria Jose, Steinberg, Ethan, Blankemeier, Louis, Chaudhari, Akshay S., Langlotz, Curtis, and Shah, Nigam H.
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Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition ,Computer Science - Machine Learning - Abstract
With the rise of medical foundation models and the growing availability of imaging data, scalable pretraining techniques offer a promising way to identify imaging biomarkers predictive of future disease risk. While current self-supervised methods for 3D medical imaging models capture local structural features like organ morphology, they fail to link pixel biomarkers with long-term health outcomes due to a missing context problem. Current approaches lack the temporal context necessary to identify biomarkers correlated with disease progression, as they rely on supervision derived only from images and concurrent text descriptions. To address this, we introduce time-to-event pretraining, a pretraining framework for 3D medical imaging models that leverages large-scale temporal supervision from paired, longitudinal electronic health records (EHRs). Using a dataset of 18,945 CT scans (4.2 million 2D images) and time-to-event distributions across thousands of EHR-derived tasks, our method improves outcome prediction, achieving an average AUROC increase of 23.7% and a 29.4% gain in Harrell's C-index across 8 benchmark tasks. Importantly, these gains are achieved without sacrificing diagnostic classification performance. This study lays the foundation for integrating longitudinal EHR and 3D imaging data to advance clinical risk prediction., Comment: 34 pages, 19 figures
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- 2024
4. Hierarchical Transformer for Electrocardiogram Diagnosis
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Tang, Xiaoya, Berquist, Jake, Steinberg, Benjamin A., and Tasdizen, Tolga
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Computer Science - Machine Learning - Abstract
Transformers, originally prominent in NLP and computer vision, are now being adapted for ECG signal analysis. This paper introduces a novel hierarchical transformer architecture that segments the model into multiple stages by assessing the spatial size of the embeddings, thus eliminating the need for additional downsampling strategies or complex attention designs. A classification token aggregates information across feature scales, facilitating interactions between different stages of the transformer. By utilizing depth-wise convolutions in a six-layer convolutional encoder, our approach preserves the relationships between different ECG leads. Moreover, an attention gate mechanism learns associations among the leads prior to classification. This model adapts flexibly to various embedding networks and input sizes while enhancing the interpretability of transformers in ECG signal analysis., Comment: 5 pages,3 figures,under review by ISBI 2025
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- 2024
5. LEGO_HQEC: A Software Tool for Analyzing Holographic Quantum Codes
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Fan, Junyu, Steinberg, Matthew, Jahn, Alexander, Cao, Chunjun, Sarkar, Aritra, and Feld, Sebastian
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Quantum Physics - Abstract
Quantum error correction (QEC) is a crucial prerequisite for future large-scale quantum computation. Finding and analyzing new QEC codes, along with efficient decoding and fault-tolerance protocols, is central to this effort. Holographic codes are a recent class of QEC subsystem codes derived from holographic bulk/boundary dualities. In addition to exploring the physics of such dualities, these codes possess useful QEC properties such as tunable encoding rates, distance scaling competitive with topological codes, and excellent recovery thresholds. To allow for a comprehensive analysis of holographic code constructions, we introduce LEGO_HQEC, a software package utilizing the quantum LEGO formalism. This package constructs holographic codes on regular hyperbolic tilings and generates their stabilizer generators and logical operators for a specified number of seed codes and layers. Three decoders are included: an erasure decoder based on Gaussian elimination; an integer-optimization decoder; and a tensor-network decoder. With these tools, LEGO_HQEC thus enables future systematic studies regarding the utility of holographic codes for practical quantum computing.
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- 2024
6. Vital Insight: Assisting Experts' Sensemaking Process of Multi-modal Personal Tracking Data Using Visualization and LLM
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Li, Jiachen, Steinberg, Justin, Li, Xiwen, Choube, Akshat, Yao, Bingsheng, Wang, Dakuo, Mynatt, Elizabeth, and Mishra, Varun
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Computer Science - Human-Computer Interaction ,Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence - Abstract
Researchers have long recognized the socio-technical gaps in personal tracking research, where machines can never fully model the complexity of human behavior, making it only able to produce basic rule-based outputs or "black-box" results that lack clear explanations. Real-world deployments rely on experts for this complex translation from sparse data to meaningful insights. In this study, we consider this translation process from data to insights by experts as "sensemaking" and explore how HCI researchers can support it through Vital Insight, an evidence-based 'sensemaking' system that combines direct representation and indirect inference through visualization and Large Language Models. We evaluate Vital Insight in user testing sessions with 14 experts in multi-modal tracking, synthesize design implications, and develop an expert sensemaking model where they iteratively move between direct data representations and AI-supported inferences to explore, retrieve, question, and validate insights.
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- 2024
7. Field-induced antiferromagnetic correlations in a nanopatterned van der Waals ferromagnet: a potential artificial spin ice
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Noah, Avia, Fridman, Nofar, Zur, Yishay, Markman, Maya, King, Yotam Katz, Klang, Maya, Rama-Eiroa, Ricardo, Solanki, Harshvardhan, Ashby, Michael L. Reichenberg, Levin, Tamar, Herrera, Edwin, Huber, Martin E., Gazit, Snir, Santos, Elton J. G., Suderow, Hermann, Steinberg, Hadar, Millo, Oded, and Anahory, Yonathan
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Condensed Matter - Materials Science ,Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics - Abstract
Nano-patterned magnetic materials have opened new venues on the investigation of strongly correlated phenomena including artificial spin-ice systems, geometric frustration, magnetic monopoles, for technologically important applications such as reconfigurable ferromagnetism. With the advent of atomically thin two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals (vdW) magnets a pertinent question is whether such compounds could make their way into this realm where interactions can be tailored so that unconventional states of matter could be assessed. Here we show that square islands of CrGeTe3 vdW ferromagnets distributed in a grid manifest antiferromagnetic correlations, essential to enable frustration resulting in an artificial spin-ice. By using a combination of SQUID-on-tip microscopy, focused ion beam lithography, and atomistic spin dynamic simulations, we show that pristine, isolated CGT flakes as small as 150*150*60 nm3 have tunable dipole-dipole interactions, which can be precisely controlled by their lateral spacing. There is a crossover between non-interacting islands and significant inter-island anticorrelation depending how they are spatially distributed allowing the creation of complex magnetic patterns not observable at the isolated flakes. Our findings suggest that the cross-talk between the nano-patterned magnets can be explored in the generation of even more complex spin configurations where exotic interactions may be manipulated in an unprecedent way., Comment: Main text: 12 pages, 5 figures. Supplementary information: 11 pages, 5 figures
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- 2024
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8. Anomalous size dependence of the coercivity of nanopatterned CrGeTe3
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Noah, Avia, Fridman, Nofar, Zur, Yishay, Klang, Maya, Herrera, Edwin, Moreno, Jose Antonio, Huber, Martin E., Suderow, Hermann, Steinberg, Hadar, Millo, Oded, and Anahory, Yonathan
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Condensed Matter - Materials Science ,Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics - Abstract
The coercivity of single-domain magnetic nanoparticles typically decreases with the nanoparticle size and reaches zero when thermal fluctuations overcome the magnetic anisotropy. Here, we used SQUID-on-tip microscopy to investigate the coercivity of square-shaped CrGeTe3 nanoislands with a wide range of sizes and width-to-thickness aspect ratios. The results reveal an anomalous size-dependent coercivity, with smaller islands exhibiting higher coercivity. The nonconventional scaling of the coercivity in CrGeTe3 nanoislands was found to be inversely proportional to the island width and thickness (1 over wd). This scaling implies that the nanoisland magnetic anisotropy is proportional to the perimeter rather than the volume, suggesting a magnetic edge state. In addition, we observe that 1600 nm wide islands display multi-domain structures with zero net remnant field, corresponding to the magnetic properties of pristine CrGeTe3 flakes. Our findings highlight the significant influence of edge states on the magnetic properties of CrGeTe3 and deepen our understanding of low-dimensional magnetic systems., Comment: Main text: 11 pages, 3 figures. Supplementary information: 10 pages, 9 figures
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- 2024
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9. meds_reader: A fast and efficient EHR processing library
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Steinberg, Ethan, Wornow, Michael, Bedi, Suhana, Fries, Jason Alan, McDermott, Matthew B. A., and Shah, Nigam H.
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Computer Science - Machine Learning ,Computer Science - Databases - Abstract
The growing demand for machine learning in healthcare requires processing increasingly large electronic health record (EHR) datasets, but existing pipelines are not computationally efficient or scalable. In this paper, we introduce meds_reader, an optimized Python package for efficient EHR data processing that is designed to take advantage of many intrinsic properties of EHR data for improved speed. We then demonstrate the benefits of meds_reader by reimplementing key components of two major EHR processing pipelines, achieving 10-100x improvements in memory, speed, and disk usage. The code for meds_reader can be found at https://github.com/som-shahlab/meds_reader., Comment: Findings paper presented at Machine Learning for Health (ML4H) symposium 2024, December 15-16, 2024, Vancouver, Canada, 8 pages
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- 2024
10. Variational Search Distributions
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Steinberg, Daniel M., Oliveira, Rafael, Ong, Cheng Soon, and Bonilla, Edwin V.
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Statistics - Machine Learning ,Computer Science - Machine Learning ,G.3 ,G.2.1 ,I.2.6 - Abstract
We develop variational search distributions (VSD), a method for finding discrete, combinatorial designs of a rare desired class in a batch sequential manner with a fixed experimental budget. We formalize the requirements and desiderata for this problem and formulate a solution via variational inference. In particular, VSD uses off-the-shelf gradient based optimization routines, can learn powerful generative models for designs, and can take advantage of scalable predictive models. We derive asymptotic convergence rates for learning the true conditional generative distribution of designs with certain configurations of our method. After illustrating the generative model on images, we empirically demonstrate that VSD can outperform existing baseline methods on a set of real sequence-design problems in various biological systems., Comment: 34 pages with supplementary material included
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- 2024
11. A universal implementation of radiative effects in neutrino event generators
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Vidal, Julia Tena, Ashkenazi, Adi, Weinstein, Larry B., Blunden, Peter, Dytman, Steven, and Steinberg, Noah
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High Energy Physics - Experiment ,High Energy Physics - Phenomenology - Abstract
Due to the similarities between electron-nucleus ($eA$) and neutrino-nucleus scattering ($\nu A$), $eA$ data can contribute key information to improve cross-section modeling in $eA$ and hence in $\nu A$ event generators. However, to compare data and generated events, either the data must be radiatively corrected or radiative effects need to be included in the event generators. We implemented a universal radiative corrections program that can be used with all reaction mechanisms and any $eA$ event generator. Our program includes real photon radiation by the incident and scattered electrons, and virtual photon exchange and photon vacuum polarization diagrams. It uses the ``extended peaking" approximation for electron radiation and neglects charged hadron radiation. This method, validated with GENIE, can also be extended to simulate $\nu A$ radiative effects. This work facilitates data-event-generator comparisons used to improve $\nu A$ event generators for the next-generation of neutrino experiments.
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- 2024
12. Experimental evidence that a photon can spend a negative amount of time in an atom cloud
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Angulo, Daniela, Thompson, Kyle, Nixon, Vida-Michelle, Jiao, Andy, Wiseman, Howard M., and Steinberg, Aephraim M.
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Quantum Physics - Abstract
When a pulse of light traverses a material, it incurs a time delay referred to as the group delay. Should the group delay experienced by photons be attributed to the time they spend as atomic excitations? However reasonable this connection may seem, it appears problematic when the frequency of the light is close to the atomic resonance, as the group delay becomes negative in this regime. To address this question, we use the cross-Kerr effect to probe the degree of atomic excitation caused by a resonant transmitted photon, by measuring the phase shift on a separate beam that is weak and off-resonant. Our results, over a range of pulse durations and optical depths, are consistent with the recent theoretical prediction that the mean atomic excitation time caused by a transmitted photon (as measured via the time integral of the observed phase shift) equals the group delay experienced by the light. Specifically, we measure mean atomic excitation times ranging from $(-0.82\pm 0.31) \tau_0$ for the most narrowband pulse to $(0.54\pm 0.28) \tau_0$ for the most broadband pulse, where $\tau_0$ is the non-post-selected excitation time, given by the scattering (absorption) probability multiplied by the atomic lifetime $\tau_{\rm sp}$. These results suggest that negative values taken by times such as the group delay have more physical significance than has generally been appreciated.
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- 2024
13. Homology and K-theory for self-similar actions of groups and groupoids
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Miller, Alistair and Steinberg, Benjamin
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Mathematics - Operator Algebras ,Mathematics - Dynamical Systems ,Mathematics - Group Theory ,Mathematics - K-Theory and Homology ,20J05, 22A22, 46L05, 46L80, 20F65 - Abstract
Nekrashevych associated to each self-similar group action an ample groupoid and a C*-algebra. We provide exact sequences to compute the homology of the groupoid and the K-theory of the C*-algebra in terms of the homology of the group and K-theory of the group C*-algebra via the transfer map and the virtual endomorphism. Complete computations are then performed for the Grigorchuk group, the Grigorchuk--Erschler group, Gupta--Sidki groups and many others. Results are proved more generally for self-similar groupoids. As a consequence of our results and recent results of Xin Li, we are able to show that R\"over's simple group containing the Grigorchuk group is rationally acyclic but has nontrivial Schur multiplier. We prove many more R\"over--Nekrashevych groups of self-similar groups are rationally acyclic.
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- 2024
14. A Culturally Enhanced Framework of Caring Assessments for Diverse Learners
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Blair Lehman, Jesse R. Sparks, Diego Zapata-Rivera, Jonathan Steinberg, and Carol Forsyth
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Most assessments adopt a one-size-fits-all approach to provide fair testing opportunities to all learners. However, this rigid approach to assessment may limit the ability for some learners to show what they know and can do. The Caring Assessments framework proposed a guide for the design and development of flexible, personalized, and adaptive assessments to provide each learner with the best opportunity to show what they know and can do. The original framework for caring assessments proposed that caring can be integrated into assessments by leveraging knowledge about learners' characteristics, behaviors, and learning context. Because we also recognize the critical role of acknowledging learners' cultures, identities, and social contexts to provide effective, caring support for all learners, in this paper we expand the framework to the Culturally Enhanced Caring Assessments framework to include personal, social, linguistic, and cultural aspects of learners and the contexts in which they learn. We discuss the culturally enhanced caring assessments framework and the need for further research to address the implementation challenges that can emerge when assessments are flexible, personalized, and adaptive.
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- 2024
15. Development and Validation of the Workplace Learning Inventory in Health Sciences Education: A Multimethod Study
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Evelyn Steinberg, Stephan Marsch, Takuya Yanagida, Laura Dörrenbächer-Ulrich, Christopher Pfeiffer, Petra Bührle, Lukas Schwarz, Ulrike Auer, Christin Kleinsorgen, and Franziska Perels
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Health sciences students face many challenges in regard to clinical practical learning. A better understanding of student learning is required to address student needs in this crucial phase. The theory of self-regulated learning provides a comprehensive view of learning and could serve as a basis for further research. There are instruments to assess self-regulated learning in preclinical academic learning. However, there are no such instruments for workplace learning. The aim of the present study is to provide a comprehensive inventory from which researchers can select those scales that are relevant to their research questions in the investigation of workplace learning. Hence, the aim is to develop and validate a set of scales to assess undergraduates' workplace learning in health sciences education in four areas (cognition, motivation, emotion, and context) on two levels (the learning process level and the metalevel). Study 1 is a qualitative multimethod study to identify indicators and develop items. It integrates the perspectives of students, teachers, and researchers and includes six steps: literature review, interviews, synthesis, item development, expert review, and cognitive pretesting. This study yields a set of scales for each area on both levels. Study 2 is a quantitative study to assess the psychometric properties. The results show acceptable values in terms of unidimensionality, reliability and validity for each of the 31 scales. The newly developed Workplace Learning Inventory is comprehensive; the scales are relevant to workplace learning and short enough that their administration is feasible in the workplace setting. The rigorous process of questionnaire development contributes to the validity of scales. By providing the Workplace Learning Inventory, we hope to encourage research on workplace learning in health sciences education from an educational psychology perspective.
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- 2024
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16. Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Implants for Chronic Motor Deficits After Traumatic Brain Injury: Post Hoc Analysis of a Randomized Trial.
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Okonkwo, David, McAllister, Peter, Achrol, Achal, Karasawa, Yasuaki, Kawabori, Masahito, Cramer, Steven, Lai, Albert, Kesari, Santosh, Frishberg, Benjamin, Groysman, Leonid, Kim, Anthony, Schwartz, Neil, Chen, Jefferson, Imai, Hideaki, Yasuhara, Takao, Chida, Dai, Nejadnik, Bijan, Bates, Damien, Stonehouse, Anthony, Richardson, R, Steinberg, Gary, Poggio, Eugene, and Weintraub, Alan
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Humans ,Brain Injuries ,Traumatic ,Male ,Adult ,Female ,Double-Blind Method ,Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation ,Middle Aged ,Prospective Studies ,Treatment Outcome ,Young Adult - Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is frequently characterized by chronic motor deficits. Therefore, this clinical trial assessed whether intracranial implantation of allogeneic modified mesenchymal stromal (SB623) cells can improve chronic motor deficits after TBI. METHODS: Post hoc analysis of the double-blind, randomized, prospective, surgical sham-controlled, phase 2, STEMTRA clinical trial (June 2016 and March 2019) with 48 weeks of follow-up was conducted. In this international, multicenter clinical trial, eligible participants had moderate-to-severe TBI, were ≥12 months postinjury, and had chronic motor deficits. Participants were randomized in a 1:1:1:1 ratio to stereotactic surgical intracranial implantation of SB623 cells (2.5 × 106, 5.0 × 106, 10 × 106) or surgical sham-controlled procedure. The prespecified primary efficacy end point was significantly greater change from baseline of the Fugl-Meyer Motor Scale (FMMS) score, a measure of motor status, for the SB623 pooled vs control arm at 24 weeks. RESULTS: A total of 211 participants were screened, 148 were excluded, and 63 underwent randomization, of which 61 (97%; mean age, 34 [SD, 12] years; 43 men [70.5%]) completed the trial. Single participants in the SB623 2.5 × 106 and 5.0 × 106 cell dose groups discontinued before surgery. Safety and efficacy (modified intent-to-treat) were assessed in participants who underwent surgery (N = 61; SB623 = 46, controls = 15). The primary efficacy end point (FMMS) was achieved (least squares mean [SE] SB623: +8.3 [1.4]; 95% CI 5.5-11.2 vs control: +2.3 [2.5]; 95% CI -2.7 to 7.3; p = 0.04), with faster improvement of the FMMS score in SB623-treated groups than in controls at 24 weeks and sustained improvement at 48 weeks. At 48 weeks, improvement of function and activities of daily living (ADL) was greater, but not significantly different in SB623-treated groups vs controls. The incidence of adverse events was equivalent in SB623-treated groups and controls. There were no deaths or withdrawals due to adverse events. DISCUSSION: Intraparenchymal implantation of SB623 cells was safe and significantly improved motor status at 24 weeks in participants with chronic motor deficits after TBI, with continued improvement of function and ADL at 48 weeks. Cell therapy can modify chronic neurologic deficits after TBI. TRIAL REGISTRATION INFORMATION: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02416492. Submitted to registry: April 15, 2015. First participant enrolled: July 6, 2016. Available at: classic.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02416492. CLASSIFICATION OF EVIDENCE: This study provides Class I evidence that intracranial implantation of allogeneic stem (SB623) cells in adults with motor deficits from chronic TBI improves motor function at 24 weeks.
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- 2024
17. The Primary Flare Following a Stellar Collision in a Galactic Nucleus
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Brutman, Yuval, Steinberg, Elad, and Balberg, Shmuel
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Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena - Abstract
High-velocity stellar collisions near supermassive black holes may result in a complete disruption of the stars. The initial disruption can have energies on par with supernovae and power a very fast transient. In this work we examine the primary flare that will follow the initial transient, which arises when streams of gas from the disrupted stars travel around the central black hole and collide with each other on the antipodal side with respect to the original collision. We present a simple analytic estimate for the properties of the flare, which depends on the distance of the collision from the central black hole and on the center of mass velocity of the colliding stars. We also present first of their kind radiation-hydrodynamics simulations of a few examples of stellar collisions and post-collision flow of the ejected gas, and calculate the expected bolometric light curves. We find that such post-collision flares are expected to be similar to flares which arise in tidal disruptions events of single stars., Comment: 8 pages,published in ApJL
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- 2024
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18. Measurement of inclusive jet cross section and substructure in $p$$+$$p$ collisions at $\sqrt{s_{_{NN}}}=200$ GeV
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PHENIX Collaboration, Abdulameer, N. J., Acharya, U., Aidala, C., Ajitanand, N. N., Akiba, Y., Akimoto, R., Alexander, J., Alfred, M., Andrieux, V., Antsupov, S., Aoki, K., Apadula, N., Asano, H., Atomssa, E. T., Awes, T. C., Azmoun, B., Babintsev, V., Bai, M., Bai, X., Bandara, N. S., Bannier, B., Bannikov, E., Barish, K. N., Bathe, S., Baublis, V., Baumann, C., Baumgart, S., Bazilevsky, A., Beaumier, M., Belmont, R., Berdnikov, A., Berdnikov, Y., Bichon, L., Black, D., Blankenship, B., Blau, D. S., Bok, J. S., Borisov, V., Boyle, K., Brooks, M. L., Bryslawskyj, J., Buesching, H., Bumazhnov, V., Butsyk, S., Campbell, S., Cervantes, R., Chen, C. -H., Chen, D., Chiu, M., Chi, C. Y., Choi, I. J., Choi, J. B., Choi, S., Christiansen, P., Chujo, T., Cianciolo, V., Citron, Z., Cole, B. A., Connors, M., Corliss, R., Cronin, N., Crossette, N., Csanád, M., Csörgő, T., D'Orazio, L., Danley, T. W., Datta, A., Daugherity, M. S., David, G., DeBlasio, K., Dehmelt, K., Denisov, A., Deshpande, A., Desmond, E. J., Ding, L., Dion, A., Dixit, D., Doomra, V., Do, J. H., Drapier, O., Drees, A., Drees, K. A., Durham, J. M., Durum, A., En'yo, H., Engelmore, T., Enokizono, A., Esha, R., Eyser, K. O., Fadem, B., Fan, W., Feege, N., Fields, D. E., Finger, Jr., M., Finger, M., Firak, D., Fitzgerald, D., Fleuret, F., Fokin, S. L., Frantz, J. E., Franz, A., Frawley, A. D., Fukao, Y., Fukuda, Y., Fusayasu, T., Gainey, K., Gallus, P., Gal, C., Garg, P., Garishvili, A., Garishvili, I., Ge, H., Giordano, F., Glenn, A., Gong, X., Gonin, M., Goto, Y., de Cassagnac, R. Granier, Grau, N., Greene, S. V., Perdekamp, M. Grosse, Gunji, T., Guo, T., Guragain, H., Gu, Y., Hachiya, T., Haggerty, J. S., Hahn, K. I., Hamagaki, H., Hamilton, H. F., Hanks, J., Han, S. Y., Hasegawa, S., Haseler, T. O. S., Hashimoto, K., Hayano, R., Hemmick, T. K., Hester, T., He, X., Hill, J. C., Hill, K., Hodges, A., Hollis, R. S., Homma, K., Hong, B., Hoshino, T., Hotvedt, N., Huang, J., Ichihara, T., Ikeda, Y., Imai, K., Imazu, Y., Inaba, M., Iordanova, A., Isenhower, D., Isinhue, A., Ivanishchev, D., Jeon, S. J., Jezghani, M., Jiang, X., Ji, Z., Johnson, B. M., Joo, K. S., Jouan, D., Jumper, D. S., Kamin, J., Kanda, S., Kang, B. H., Kang, J. H., Kang, J. S., Kapukchyan, D., Kapustinsky, J., Karthas, S., Kawall, D., Kazantsev, A. V., Key, J. A., Khachatryan, V., Khandai, P. K., Khanzadeev, A., Kijima, K. M., Kim, C., Kim, D. J., Kim, E. -J., Kim, M., Kim, Y. -J., Kim, Y. K., Kincses, D., Kistenev, E., Klatsky, J., Kleinjan, D., Kline, P., Koblesky, T., Kofarago, M., Komkov, B., Koster, J., Kotchetkov, D., Kotov, D., Kovacs, L., Krizek, F., Kudo, S., Kurita, K., Kurosawa, M., Kwon, Y., Lai, Y. S., Lajoie, J. G., Lebedev, A., Lee, D. M., Lee, G. H., Lee, J., Lee, K. B., Lee, K. S., Lee, S., Lee, S. H., Leitch, M. J., Leitgab, M., Leung, Y. H., Lewis, B., Lim, S. H., Liu, M. X., Li, X., Loggins, V. -R., Lokos, S., Loomis, D. A., Lovasz, K., Lynch, D., Maguire, C. F., Majoros, T., Makdisi, Y. I., Makek, M., Manion, A., Manko, V. I., Mannel, E., McCumber, M., McGaughey, P. L., McGlinchey, D., McKinney, C., Meles, A., Mendoza, M., Meredith, B., Miake, Y., Mibe, T., Mignerey, A. C., Milov, A., Mishra, D. K., Mitchell, J. T., Mitrankova, M., Mitrankov, Iu., Mitsuka, G., Miyasaka, S., Mizuno, S., Mohanty, A. K., Mohapatra, S., Montuenga, P., Moon, T., Morrison, D. P., Moskowitz, M., Moukhanova, T. V., Mulilo, B., Murakami, T., Murata, J., Mwai, A., Nagae, T., Nagai, K., Nagamiya, S., Nagashima, K., Nagashima, T., Nagle, J. L., Nagy, M. I., Nakagawa, I., Nakamiya, Y., Nakamura, K. R., Nakamura, T., Nakano, K., Nattrass, C., Netrakanti, P. K., Nihashi, M., Niida, T., Nouicer, R., Novitzky, N., Novák, T., Nukazuka, G., Nyanin, A. S., O'Brien, E., Ogilvie, C. A., Oide, H., Okada, K., Koop, J. D. Orjuela, Orosz, M., Osborn, J. D., Oskarsson, A., Ottino, G. J., Ozawa, K., Pak, R., Pantuev, V., Papavassiliou, V., Park, I. H., Park, J. S., Park, S., Park, S. K., Patel, L., Patel, M., Pate, S. F., Peng, J. -C., Perepelitsa, D. V., Perera, G. D. N., Peressounko, D. Yu., PerezLara, C. E., Perry, J., Petti, R., Phipps, M., Pinkenburg, C., Pisani, R. P., Potekhin, M., Purschke, M. L., Qu, H., Rak, J., Ravinovich, I., Read, K. F., Reynolds, D., Riabov, V., Riabov, Y., Richardson, E., Richford, D., Rinn, T., Riveli, N., Roach, D., Rolnick, S. D., Rosati, M., Rowan, Z., Ryu, M. S., Safonov, A. S., Sahlmueller, B., Saito, N., Sakaguchi, T., Sako, H., Samsonov, V., Sarsour, M., Sato, S., Sawada, S., Schaefer, B., Schmoll, B. K., Sedgwick, K., Seele, J., Seidl, R., Sekiguchi, Y., Seleznev, A., Sen, A., Seto, R., Sett, P., Sexton, A., Sharma, D., Shaver, A., Shein, I., Shibata, T. -A., Shigaki, K., Shimomura, M., Shioya, T., Shoji, K., Shukla, P., Sickles, A., Silva, C. L., Silvermyr, D., Singh, B. K., Singh, C. P., Singh, V., Skolnik, M., Slunečka, M., Smith, K. L., Snowball, M., Solano, S., Soltz, R. A., Sondheim, W. E., Sorensen, S. P., Sourikova, I. V., Stankus, P. W., Steinberg, P., Stenlund, E., Stepanov, M., Ster, A., Stoll, S. P., Stone, M. R., Sugitate, T., Sukhanov, A., Sumita, T., Sun, J., Sun, Z., Sziklai, J., Takahara, A., Taketani, A., Tanaka, Y., Tanida, K., Tannenbaum, M. J., Tarafdar, S., Taranenko, A., Tarnai, G., Tennant, E., Tieulent, R., Timilsina, A., Todoroki, T., Tomášek, M., Torii, H., Towell, C. L., Towell, R. S., Tserruya, I., Ueda, Y., Ujvari, B., van Hecke, H. W., Vargyas, M., Vazquez-Zambrano, E., Veicht, A., Velkovska, J., Virius, M., Vrba, V., Vukman, N., Vznuzdaev, E., Vértesi, R., Wang, X. R., Watanabe, D., Watanabe, K., Watanabe, Y., Watanabe, Y. S., Wei, F., Whitaker, S., Wolin, S., Woody, C. L., Wysocki, M., Xia, B., Xue, L., Xu, C., Xu, Q., Yalcin, S., Yamaguchi, Y. L., Yamamoto, H., Yanovich, A., Yokkaichi, S., Yoon, I., Yoo, J. H., Younus, I., You, Z., Yushmanov, I. E., Yu, H., Zajc, W. A., Zelenski, A., Zhou, S., and Zou, L.
- Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment ,Nuclear Experiment - Abstract
The jet cross-section and jet-substructure observables in $p$$+$$p$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}=200$ GeV were measured by the PHENIX Collaboration at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). Jets are reconstructed from charged-particle tracks and electromagnetic-calorimeter clusters using the anti-$k_{t}$ algorithm with a jet radius $R=0.3$ for jets with transverse momentum within $8.0
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- 2024
19. Navigating the Paradox: Challenges and Strategies of University Students Managing Mental Health Medication in Real-World Practices
- Author
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Li, Jiachen, Steinberg, Justin, Mynatt, Elizabeth, and Mishra, Varun
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Computer Science - Human-Computer Interaction - Abstract
Mental health has become a growing concern among university students. While medication is a common treatment, understanding how university students manage their medication for mental health symptoms in real-world practice has not been fully explored. In this study, we conducted semi-structured interviews with university students to understand the unique challenges in the mental health medication management process and their coping strategies, particularly examining the role of various technologies in this process. We discovered that due to struggles with self-acceptance and the interdependent relationship between medication, symptoms, schedules, and life changes, the medication management process for students was a highly dynamic journey involving frequent dosage changes. Thus, students adopted flexible strategies of using minimal technology to manage their medication in different situations while maintaining a high degree of autonomy. Based on our findings, we propose design implications for future technologies to seamlessly integrate into their daily lives and assist students in managing their mental health medications.
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- 2024
20. Overcoming the Zero-Rate Hashing Bound with Holographic Quantum Error Correction
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Fan, Junyu, Steinberg, Matthew, Jahn, Alexander, Cao, Charles, and Feld, Sebastian
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Quantum Physics ,High Energy Physics - Theory - Abstract
Several recent techniques for modifying topological codes with single-qubit Clifford operators have shown high resilience against pure Pauli noise. Paramount to these findings has been the demonstration that several variants exhibit error thresholds often attaining or exceeding the zero-rate hashing bound, a known benchmark for code-capacity noise channels, for biased noise. Additionally, direct comparison with the hashing bound has shown that several topological codes outperform the hashing bound at points of finite Pauli noise biases. Motivated by these observations, we study zero-rate holographic quantum error correction codes, discovering very high threshold values under diverse and finitely-biased noise channels using a tensor-network decoding approach. Our results establish that all codes tested achieve or surpass the hashing bound at various points, ranging from pure 2-Pauli noise ($\eta = 0$) to pure 1-Pauli noise ($\eta = +\infty$), thereby demonstrating that holographic codes exhibit excellent error tolerance in the code-capacity picture. Such findings imply the existence of a structured and systematic method for constructing high-threshold codes suitable for realistically motivated noise channels. To our knowledge, this work is also the first instance of such remarkable threshold behavior in stabilizer quantum codes for the pure 2-Pauli noise regime, as well as for finitely-biased noise channels., Comment: 8 pages, 5 figures, 2 tables
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- 2024
21. Motility-induced crystallization and rotating crystallites
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Holl, Max Philipp, Steinberg, Alina Barbar, and Thiele, Uwe
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Condensed Matter - Soft Condensed Matter - Abstract
Active soft matter frequently shows motility-induced phase separation (MIPS), where self-propelled particles condensate into clusters with an inner liquid-like structure. Such activity may also result in motility-induced crystallization (MIC) into clusters with an inner crystalline structure. We present a higher-order active Phase-Field-Crystal (PFC) model and employ it to study the interplay of passive (i.e., thermodynamic) and active (i.e., motility-induced) condensation and crystallization. Morphological phase diagrams indicate the various occurring phase coexistences and transitions, e.g., the destruction of passive clusters by density-independent activity and the creation of such clusters by a density-dependent activity. Finally, rotating crystallites are analyzed in some detail.
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- 2024
22. Variable-strength non-local measurements reveal quantum violations of classical counting principles
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Lupu-Gladstein, Noah, Pang, Ou Teen Arthur, Ferretti, Hugo, Tham, Weng-Kian, Steinberg, Aephraim M., Bonsma-Fisher, Kent, and Brodutch, Aharon
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Quantum Physics - Abstract
We implement a variant of the quantum pigeonhole paradox thought experiment to study whether classical counting principles survive in the quantum domain. We observe strong measurements significantly violate the pigeonhole principle (that among three pigeons in two holes, at least one pair must be in the same hole) and the sum rule (that the number of pigeon pairs in the same hole is the sum of the number of pairs across each of the holes) in an ensemble that is pre and postselected into particular separable states. To investigate whether measurement disturbance is a viable explanation for these counter-intuitive phenomena, we employ the first ever variable-strength measurement of a non-local observable. As we decrease the measurement strength, we find the violation of the sum rule decreases, yet the pigeonhole principle remains violated. In the weak limit, the sum rule is restored due to the cancellation between two weak values with equal and opposite imaginary parts. We observe the same kind of cancellation at higher measurement strengths, thus raising the question: do strong measurements have imaginary parts?, Comment: 8 pages, 4 figures
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- 2024
23. Far from Perfect: Quantum Error Correction with (Hyperinvariant) Evenbly Codes
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Steinberg, Matthew, Fan, Junyu, Harris, Robert J., Elkouss, David, Feld, Sebastian, and Jahn, Alexander
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Quantum Physics ,High Energy Physics - Theory - Abstract
We introduce a new class of qubit codes that we call Evenbly codes, building on a previous proposal of hyperinvariant tensor networks. Its tensor network description consists of local, non-perfect tensors describing CSS codes interspersed with Hadamard gates, placed on a hyperbolic $\{p,q\}$ geometry with even $q\geq 4$, yielding an infinitely large class of subsystem codes. We construct an example for a $\{5,4\}$ manifold and describe strategies of logical gauge fixing that lead to different rates $k/n$ and distances $d$, which we calculate analytically, finding distances which range from $d=2$ to $d \sim n^{2/3}$ in the ungauged case. Investigating threshold performance under erasure, depolarizing, and pure Pauli noise channels, we find that the code exhibits a depolarizing noise threshold of about $19.1\%$ in the code-capacity model and $50\%$ for pure Pauli and erasure channels under suitable gauges. We also test a constant-rate version with $k/n = 0.125$, finding excellent error resilience (about $40\%$) under the erasure channel. Recovery rates for these and other settings are studied both under an optimal decoder as well as a more efficient but non-optimal greedy decoder. We also consider generalizations beyond the CSS tensor construction, compute error rates and thresholds for other hyperbolic geometries, and discuss the relationship to holographic bulk/boundary dualities. Our work indicates that Evenbly codes may show promise for practical quantum computing applications., Comment: 22 pages, 13 figures
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- 2024
24. A Pride-Guba-Sapir exact sequence for the relation bimodule of an associative algebra
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Steinberg, Benjamin
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Mathematics - Group Theory ,Mathematics - Rings and Algebras ,20M50, 20M05, 20F65, 16E05 - Abstract
Given a presentation of a monoid $M$, combined work of Pride and of Guba and Sapir provides an exact sequence connecting the relation bimodule of the presentation (in the sense of Ivanov) with the first homology of the Squier complex of the presentation, which is naturally a $\mathbb ZM$-bimodule. This exact sequence was used by Kobayashi and Otto to prove the equivalence of Pride's finite homological type (FHT) property with the homological finiteness condition bi-$\mathrm{FP}_3$. Guba and Sapir used this exact sequence to describe the abelianization of a diagram group. We prove here a generalization of this exact sequence of bimodules for presentations of associative algebras. Our proof is more elementary than the original proof for the special case of monoids.
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- 2024
25. Localized States in Dipolar Bose-Einstein Condensates: To be or not to be of second order
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Steinberg, Alina Barbara, Maucher, Fabian, Gurevich, Svetlana, and Thiele, Uwe
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Condensed Matter - Quantum Gases ,Nonlinear Sciences - Pattern Formation and Solitons - Abstract
We report the existence of localized states in dipolar Bose-Einstein condensates confined to a tubular geometry. We first perform a bifurcation analysis to track their emergence in a one-dimensional domain for numerical feasibility and find that localized states can become the ground state in suitable parameter regions. Their existence for parameters featuring a supercritical primary bifurcation shows that the latter is not sufficient to conclude that the phase transition is of second order, hence density modulations can jump rather than emerging gradually. Finally, we show that localized states also exist in a three-dimensional domain.
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- 2024
26. YAQQ: Yet Another Quantum Quantizer -- Design Space Exploration of Quantum Gate Sets using Novelty Search
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Sarkar, Aritra, Kundu, Akash, Steinberg, Matthew, Mishra, Sibasish, Fauquenot, Sebastiaan, Acharya, Tamal, Miszczak, Jarosław A., and Feld, Sebastian
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Quantum Physics ,Computer Science - Information Theory ,Computer Science - Symbolic Computation - Abstract
In the standard circuit model of quantum computation, the number and quality of the quantum gates composing the circuit influence the runtime and fidelity of the computation. The fidelity of the decomposition of quantum algorithms, represented as unitary matrices, to bounded depth quantum circuits depends strongly on the set of gates available for the decomposition routine. To investigate this dependence, we explore the design space of discrete quantum gate sets and present a software tool for comparative analysis of quantum processing units and control protocols based on their native gates. The evaluation is conditioned on a set of unitary transformations representing target use cases on the quantum processors. The cost function considers three key factors: (i) the statistical distribution of the decomposed circuits' depth, (ii) the statistical distribution of process fidelities for the approximate decomposition, and (iii) the relative novelty of a gate set compared to other gate sets in terms of the aforementioned properties. The developed software, YAQQ (Yet Another Quantum Quantizer), enables the discovery of an optimized set of quantum gates through this tunable joint cost function. To identify these gate sets, we use the novelty search algorithm, circuit decomposition techniques, and stochastic optimization to implement YAQQ within the Qiskit quantum simulator environment. YAQQ exploits reachability tradeoffs conceptually derived from quantum algorithmic information theory. Our results demonstrate the pragmatic application of identifying gate sets that are advantageous to popularly used quantum gate sets in representing quantum algorithms. Consequently, we demonstrate pragmatic use cases of YAQQ in comparing transversal logical gate sets in quantum error correction codes, designing optimal quantum instruction sets, and compiling to specific quantum processors.
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- 2024
27. Parents' Learning Support and School Attitudes in Relation to Adolescent Academic Identity and School Performance in Nine Countries
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Suha M. Al-Hassan, Natasha Duell, Jennifer E. Lansford, Kenneth A. Dodge, Sevtap Gurdal, Qin Liu, Qian Long, Paul Oburu, Concetta Pastorelli, Ann T. Skinner, Emma Sorbring, Laurence Steinberg, Sombat Tapanya, Liliana Maria Uribe Tirado, Saengduean Yotanyamaneewong, Liane Peña Alampay, Dario Bacchini, Marc H. Bornstein, Lei Chang, Kirby Deater-Deckard, and Laura Di Giunta
- Abstract
An important question for parents and educators alike is how to promote adolescents' academic identity and school performance. This study investigated relations among parental education, parents' attitudes toward their adolescents' school, parental support for learning at home, and adolescents' academic identity and school performance over time and in different national contexts. Longitudinal data were collected from adolescents and their parents in nine countries (China, Colombia, Italy, Jordan, Kenya, the Philippines, Sweden, Thailand, and the United States). When adolescents were 16 years old, their mothers (N = 1083) and fathers (N = 859) provided data. When adolescents were 17 years old, 1049 adolescents (50% girls) and their mothers (N = 1001) and fathers (N = 749) provided data. Multiple-group path analyses indicated that, across cultures, higher parent education was associated with better adolescent school performance. Parents' attitudes toward their adolescents' school and parent support for learning in the home were not associated with adolescents' school performance but were associated with academic identity. The findings suggest somewhat different pathways to school performance versus academic identity. Implications for helping parents and educators in different countries promote adolescents' academic identity and achievement are discussed.
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- 2024
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- View/download PDF
28. Academic Self-Concept, Achievement, and Goal Orientations in Different Learning Environments
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Olga Steinberg, Stefan Kulakow, and Diana Raufelder
- Abstract
Stage-Environment Fit Theory underlines the role of learning environments and their match with students' needs as crucial for students' motivation and learning. This study explores the mediation role of goal orientations in the interplay of academic self-concept and achievement in mathematics and verbal domains in student-directed and teacher-directed learning environments. The sample consists of 1153 adolescent students (M[subscript age t1] = 13.97; SD = 1.37, 49% girls) from Germany. Multi-group cross-lagged panel analyses confirm the Reciprocal Effects Model for the student-directed learning environment only, as reciprocal relation of academic self-concept and grades over time has been found. The extension of the Reciprocal Effects Model with goal orientations as mediators could not be confirmed for any learning environment.
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- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Treatment of pediatric intracranial aneurysms: institutional case series and systematic literature review.
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Brandel, Michael, Plonsker, Jillian, Rennert, Robert, Produturi, Gautam, Saripella, Megana, Wali, Arvin, McCann, Carson, Ravindra, Vijay, Santiago-Dieppa, David, Pannell, J, Steinberg, Jeffrey, Khalessi, Alexander, and Levy, Michael
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Cerebral aneurysm ,Clipping ,Coiling ,Endovascular ,Flow diversion ,Outcomes ,Humans ,Intracranial Aneurysm ,Child ,Adolescent ,Male ,Female ,Endovascular Procedures ,Child ,Preschool ,Infant ,Young Adult ,Neurosurgical Procedures ,Treatment Outcome - Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Pediatric intracranial aneurysms (IAs) are rare and have distinct clinical profiles compared to adult IAs. They differ in location, size, morphology, presentation, and treatment strategies. We present our experience with pediatric IAs over an 18-year period using surgical and endovascular treatments and review the literature to identify commonalities in epidemiology, treatment, and outcomes. METHODS: We identified all patients
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- 2024
30. Trends in volumes and survival after hematopoietic cell transplantation in racial/ethnic minorities.
- Author
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Khera, Nandita, Ailawadhi, Sikander, Brazauskas, Ruta, Patel, Jinalben, Jacobs, Benjamin, Ustun, Celalettin, Ballen, Karen, Abid, Muhammad, Diaz Perez, Miguel, Al-Homsi, A, Hashem, Hasan, Hong, Sanghee, Munker, Reinhold, Schears, Raquel, Lazarus, Hillard, Ciurea, Stefan, Badawy, Sherif, Savani, Bipin, Wirk, Baldeep, LeMaistre, C, Bhatt, Neel, Beitinjaneh, Amer, Aljurf, Mahmoud, Sharma, Akshay, Cerny, Jan, Knight, Jennifer, Kelkar, Amar, Yared, Jean, Kindwall-Keller, Tamila, Winestone, Lena, Steinberg, Amir, Arnold, Staci, Seo, Sachiko, Preussler, Jaime, Hossain, Nasheed, Fingrut, Warren, Agrawal, Vaibhav, Hashmi, Shahrukh, Lehmann, Leslie, Wood, William, Rangarajan, Hemalatha, Saber, Wael, and Hahn, Theresa
- Subjects
Humans ,Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ,Male ,Female ,Adult ,Middle Aged ,Ethnic and Racial Minorities ,Adolescent ,Child ,Aged ,Young Adult ,Child ,Preschool - Abstract
There has been an increase in volume as well as an improvement in overall survival (OS) after hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) for hematologic disorders. It is unknown if these changes have affected racial/ethnic minorities equally. In this observational study from the Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research of 79 904 autologous (auto) and 65 662 allogeneic (allo) HCTs, we examined the volume and rates of change of autoHCT and alloHCT over time and trends in OS in 4 racial/ethnic groups: non-Hispanic Whites (NHWs), non-Hispanic African Americans (NHAAs), and Hispanics across 5 2-year cohorts from 2009 to 2018. Rates of change were compared using Poisson model. Adjusted and unadjusted Cox proportional hazards models examined trends in mortality in the 4 racial/ethnic groups over 5 study time periods. The rates of increase in volume were significantly higher for Hispanics and NHAAs vs NHW for both autoHCT and alloHCT. Adjusted overall mortality after autoHCT was comparable across all racial/ethnic groups. NHAA adults (hazard ratio [HR] 1.13; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.04-1.22; P = .004) and pediatric patients (HR 1.62; 95% CI 1.3-2.03; P < .001) had a higher risk of mortality after alloHCT than NHWs. Improvement in OS over time was seen in all 4 groups after both autoHCT and alloHCT. Our study shows the rate of change for the use of autoHCT and alloHCT is higher in NHAAs and Hispanics than in NHWs. Survival after autoHCT and alloHCT improved over time; however, NHAAs have worse OS after alloHCT, which has persisted. Continued efforts are needed to mitigate disparities for patients requiring alloHCT.
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- 2024
31. Politics and Justice at the International Criminal Court
- Author
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Steinberg, Richard H
- Subjects
International and Comparative Law ,Law In Context ,Law and Legal Studies ,Peace ,Justice and Strong Institutions ,International Criminal Court ,ICC ,politics ,justice ,Rome Statute ,Law ,Law and legal studies - Abstract
Abstract: The International Criminal Court (ICC) is a legal institution embedded in international politics. Politics shaped the Rome Statute of the ICC, which is rooted in norms and rules of European lineage and security interests of party states. Politics constrains and influences the operation of the Court, which has adapted in response to oversight and governance of the Assembly of States Parties, and to political actions extrinsic to institutional rules. The ICC also has political effects in situation states. A brief history shows that application of Rome Statute triggers across state parties with different social conditions skewed geographic distribution of its investigations and prosecutions towards Africa, a structural bias that catalysed a legitimation crisis for the ICC. Subsequent exercises of expansive jurisdiction aimed at nationals of non-African, non-party states – including Israel and some of the world's great powers – have dampened African complaints and advanced the ICC agenda, but intensified non-legitimacy claims by powerful non-party states. To survive, Court organs must follow legal mandates, yet be responsive to pressing international political demands, continuously risking the legitimacy of the ICC as a legal institution and adverse political reactions by antagonised governments. Careful management of the tension between law and politics at the ICC may modestly reduce antagonism towards the Court, but that tension cannot be resolved, and confrontations over the ICC's legitimacy are certain to recur.
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- 2024
32. Systemic and Tumor-directed Therapy for Oligorecurrent Metastatic Prostate Cancer (SATURN): Primary Endpoint Results from a Phase 2 Clinical Trial.
- Author
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Nikitas, John, Rettig, Matthew, Shen, John, Reiter, Robert, Lee, Alan, Steinberg, Michael, Valle, Luca, Sachdeva, Ankush, Romero, Tahmineh, Calais, Jeremie, Czernin, Johannes, Nickols, Nicholas, and Kishan, Amar
- Subjects
Abiraterone acetate ,Androgen annihilation therapy ,Apalutamide ,Leuprolide ,Metastasis-directed therapy ,Oligorecurrence ,Prostate cancer ,Stereotactic body radiotherapy ,Humans ,Male ,Prostatic Neoplasms ,Aged ,Leuprolide ,Radiosurgery ,Neoplasm Recurrence ,Local ,Middle Aged ,Abiraterone Acetate ,Thiohydantoins ,Prednisone ,Prostate-Specific Antigen ,Neoplasm Metastasis ,Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ,Combined Modality Therapy ,Androgen Antagonists ,Treatment Outcome ,Antineoplastic Agents ,Hormonal - Abstract
Nearly all men with metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer treated with intermittent androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) experience recurrence within 6 mo of testosterone recovery. We conducted a single-arm phase 2 trial to evaluate whether addition of dual androgen receptor pathway inhibitors (ARPIs) and metastasis-directed stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) to intermittent ADT improves recurrence rates for men with between one and five nonvisceral, extrapelvic metastases on prostate-specific membrane antigen positron emission tomography/computed tomography after prior radical prostatectomy. Patients received 6 mo of androgen annihilation therapy (AAT; leuprolide, abiraterone acetate plus prednisone, and apalutamide) and metastasis-directed SBRT. The primary endpoint was the percentage of patients with prostate-specific antigen (PSA)
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- 2024
33. Human MicroRNAs Modulated by Diet: A Scoping Review
- Author
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Chodur, Gwen M and Steinberg, Francene M
- Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,Clinical Sciences ,Biotechnology ,Nutrition ,Genetics ,Cardiovascular ,Metabolic and endocrine ,diet ,food ,microRNAs ,nutriepigenomics ,precision nutrition ,Nutrition and Dietetics ,Nutrition and dietetics - Abstract
Because of their role in regulating and fine-tuning gene expression in the posttranscriptional period, microRNA (miRNA) may represent a mediating factor that connects diet and metabolic regulation. Given the vast number of miRNAs and that modulations in miRNA happen in response to a variety of stimuli, a comprehensive registry of miRNAs impacted by diet and the food items that modulate them, would have utility in the identification of miRNA complements for analysis of diet interventions and in helping to establish linkages between the specific impacts of diet components. A scoping literature search of online databases (PubMed, SCOPUS, EMBASE, and Web of Science) was performed. Only studies in human populations, those that used a diet intervention or meal challenge, and those that measured miRNA profiles in the same subject at multiple time points were included. Of the 6167 studies screened, only 25 met the study criteria and were included in the review. Seven studies examined miRNA following a meal challenge, whereas 18 investigated miRNA following a sustained diet intervention. The results demonstrated that miRNA are modulated following a variety of diet interventions and that intensity of miRNA response is greater in metabolically healthy subjects. Heterogeneity in the intensity and length of the diet intervention, the study populations being observed, and the methodology through which target miRNA are identified contribute to a lack of comparability across studies. The findings of this review highlight the need for more study of miRNA responsiveness to intake and provide recommendations for future research.
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- 2024
34. Abortion and mental health outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
- Author
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Littell, Julia, Young, Sarah, Pigott, Therese, Biggs, M, Munk-Olsen, Trine, and Steinberg, Julia
- Subjects
abortion ,mental health ,meta‐analysis ,systematic review - Abstract
This is a protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis of research on mental health outcomes of abortion. Does abortion increase the risk of adverse mental health outcomes? That is the central question for this review. Our review aims to inform policy and practice by locating, critically appraising, and synthesizing empirical evidence on associations between abortion and subsequent mental health outcomes. Given the controversies surrounding this topic and the complex social, political, legal, and ideological contexts in which research and reviews on abortion are conducted, it is especially important to conduct this systematic review and meta-analysis with comprehensive, rigorous, unbiased, and transparent methods. We will include a variety of study designs to enhance understanding of studies methodological strengths and weaknesses and to identify potential explanations for conflicting results. We will follow open science principles, providing access to our methods, measures, and results, and making data available for re-analysis.
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- 2024
35. Recommendations for Сonstruction of Inclusive Environment at Activities with Participation of People with ASD
- Author
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Steinberg A. and Voskov A.
- Subjects
autism spectrum disorders ,inclusion ,sensory issues ,communicative difficulties ,Internal medicine ,RC31-1245 - Abstract
Construction of inclusive environment for people with autism, including activities with their participation, is an actual task, but its implementation is complicated by that fact that required measures are not evident. In the article sensory and communicative issues, routines and stereotyped behaviour among people with ASD are discussed. And relevant recommendations for construction of inclusive environment for people with ASD at different activities.
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. The transition-metal-dichalcogenide family as a superconductor tuned by charge density wave strength
- Author
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Simon, Shahar, Yerzhakov, Hennadii, P., Sajilesh K., Vakahi, Atzmon, Remennik, Sergei, Ruhman, Jonathan, Khodas, Maxim, Millo, Oded, and Steinberg, Hadar
- Subjects
Condensed Matter - Superconductivity ,Condensed Matter - Materials Science - Abstract
Metallic transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), consisting of H-NbSe$_2$, H-NbS$_2$, H-TaSe$_2$ and H-TaS$_2$, remain superconducting down to a thickness of a single layer. In these materials, thickness affects a variety of properties, including Ising protection, two-band superconductivity, and the critical temperature $T_C$, which decreases for the Nb-based, and increases for the Ta-based materials. This contradicting trend is puzzling, and has precluded the development of a unified theory. We approach the question of thickness-evolution of $T_C$ and the superconducting gap $\Delta$ by measuring high-resolution tunneling spectra in TaS$_2$-based stacked devices. Our measurements allow for simultaneous evaluation of $\Delta$, $T_C$, and the upper critical field $H_{C2}$. The latter, we find, is strongly enhanced towards the single-layer limit, following a $H_{C2} \propto \Delta^2$ proportionality ratio. Our main finding is that the same ratio holds for the entire family of metallic TMDs: TaS$_2$ and NbSe$_2$ of all thicknesses, bulk TaSe$_2$ and bulk NbS$_2$, extending over 4 orders of magnitude in $H_{C2}$ and covering both clean and dirty limits. We propose that this tunability across the TMD family is controlled by the competing charge density wave (CDW) phase. Using Gor'kov's theory, we calculate how a CDW order affects the quasiparticle density of states and the resulting $T_C$ and $H_{C2}$. Our results suggest that CDW is the key determinant factor limiting $T_C$ in the TMD family. They also show that $H_{C2}$ is universally enhanced by a factor of two orders of magnitude above the expected value, an effect that remains an open question., Comment: 28 pages, 16 figures
- Published
- 2024
37. The homology of completely simple semigroups
- Author
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Steinberg, Benjamin
- Subjects
Mathematics - Group Theory ,20M50, 20M05 - Abstract
I explicitly compute the Eilenberg-Mac Lane homology of a completely simple semigroup using topological means. I also complete Gray and Pride's investigation into the homological finiteness properties of completely simple semigroups, as well as studying their topological finiteness properties. I give a topological proof of Pride's unpublished homological lower bound for the deficiency of a monoid or semigroup.
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- 2024
38. A First Step in Using Machine Learning Methods to Enhance Interaction Analysis for Embodied Learning Environments
- Author
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Fonteles, Joyce, Davalos, Eduardo, S., Ashwin T., Zhang, Yike, Zhou, Mengxi, Ayalon, Efrat, Lane, Alicia, Steinberg, Selena, Anton, Gabriella, Danish, Joshua, Enyedy, Noel, and Biswas, Gautam
- Subjects
Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence - Abstract
Investigating children's embodied learning in mixed-reality environments, where they collaboratively simulate scientific processes, requires analyzing complex multimodal data to interpret their learning and coordination behaviors. Learning scientists have developed Interaction Analysis (IA) methodologies for analyzing such data, but this requires researchers to watch hours of videos to extract and interpret students' learning patterns. Our study aims to simplify researchers' tasks, using Machine Learning and Multimodal Learning Analytics to support the IA processes. Our study combines machine learning algorithms and multimodal analyses to support and streamline researcher efforts in developing a comprehensive understanding of students' scientific engagement through their movements, gaze, and affective responses in a simulated scenario. To facilitate an effective researcher-AI partnership, we present an initial case study to determine the feasibility of visually representing students' states, actions, gaze, affect, and movement on a timeline. Our case study focuses on a specific science scenario where students learn about photosynthesis. The timeline allows us to investigate the alignment of critical learning moments identified by multimodal and interaction analysis, and uncover insights into students' temporal learning progressions.
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- 2024
39. Ideals of \'etale groupoid algebras with coefficients in a sheaf with applications to topological dynamics
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de Castro, Gilles G., Gonçalves, Daniel, and Steinberg, Benjamin
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Mathematics - Rings and Algebras ,Mathematics - Dynamical Systems ,Mathematics - Operator Algebras - Abstract
We prove the Effros-Hahn conjecture for groupoid algebras with coefficients in a sheaf, obtaining as a consequence a description of the ideals in skew inverse semigroup rings. We also use the description of the ideals to characterize when the groupoid algebras with coefficients in a sheaf are von Neumann regular, primitive, semiprimitive, or simple. We apply our results to the topological dynamics of actions of inverse semigroups, describing the existence of dense orbits and minimality in terms of primitivity and simplicity, respectively, of the associated algebra. Moreover, we apply our results to the usual complex groupoid algebra of continuous functions with compact support, used to build the C*-algebra associated with a groupoid, and describe criteria for its simplicity.
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- 2024
40. From laminar to chaotic flow via stochastic resonance in viscoelastic channel flow
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Li, Yuke and Steinberg, Victor
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Physics - Fluid Dynamics - Abstract
Recent research indicates that low-inertia viscoelastic channel flow experiences supercritical non-normal mode elastic instability from laminar to sustained chaotic flow due to finite-size perturbations. The challenge of this study is to elucidate a realization of such a pathway when the intensity of the elastic wave is too low to amplify velocity fluctuations above the instability onset. The study identifies two subregions in the transition flow regime at Weissenberg number $Wi>Wi_c$, the instability onset. In the lower subregion at $Wi_c\leq Wi\leq 300$, we discover periodic spikes in the streamwise velocity time series $u(t)$ that appear in the chaotic power spectrum as low-frequency, high-intensity peaks resembling stochastic resonance (SR). In contrast, the spanwise velocity power spectrum, $E_w$, remains flat with low-intensity, noisy, and broad elastic wave peaks. The spikes significantly distort the probability density function of $u$, initiating and amplifying random streaks and wall-normal vorticity fluctuations. The SR appearance is similar to dynamical systems where chaotic attractor and limit cycle interact with external white noise. This similarity is confirmed by presenting a phase portrait in two subregions of the transition regime. In the upper subregion at $Wi>400$ the periodic spikes disappear and $E_w$ becomes chaotic with a large intensity elastic wave sufficient to self-organize and synchronize the streaks into cycles and to amplify the wall normal vorticity according to a recently proposed mechanism., Comment: 13 pages, 13 figures
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- 2024
41. First combined tuning on transverse kinematic imbalance data with and without pion production constraints
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Li, Weijun, Roda, Marco, Tena-Vidal, Julia, Andreopoulos, Costas, Lu, Xianguo, Ashkenazi, Adi, Barrow, Joshua, Dytman, Steven, Gallagher, Hugh, Soto, Alfonso Andres Garcia, Gardiner, Steven, Goldenberg, Matan, Hatcher, Robert, Hen, Or, Kakorin, Igor D., Kuzmin, Konstantin S., Meregalia, Anselmo, Naumov, Vadim A., Papadopoulou, Afroditi, Perdue, Gabriel, Plows, Komninos-John, Sportes, Alon, Steinberg, Noah, Syrotenko, Vladyslav, Wolcott, Jeremy, and Yan, Qiyu
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High Energy Physics - Experiment ,High Energy Physics - Phenomenology ,Nuclear Experiment - Abstract
We present the first combined tuning, using GENIE, of four transverse kinematic imbalance measurements of neutrino-hydrocarbon scattering, both with and without pion final states, from the T2K and MINERvA experiments. As a proof of concept, we have simultaneously tuned the initial state and final-state interaction models (SF-CFG and hA, respectively), producing a new effective model that more accurately describes the data., Comment: 18 pages, 17 figures, accepted version in PRD
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- 2024
42. Topology and monoid representations II: left regular bands of groups and Hsiao's monoid of ordered $G$-partitions
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Steinberg, Benjamin
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Mathematics - Representation Theory ,Mathematics - Group Theory ,Mathematics - Rings and Algebras ,20M25, 20M30, 20M50, 16S37, 16G99, 05E10, 05E45 - Abstract
The goal of this paper is to use topological methods to compute $\mathrm{Ext}$ between irreducible representations of von Neumann regular monoids in which Green's $\mathscr L$- and $\mathscr J$-relations coincide (e.g., left regular bands). Our results subsume those of S.~Margolis, F.~Saliola, and B.~Steinberg, \emph{Combinatorial topology and the global dimension of algebras arising in combinatorics}, J. Eur. Math. Soc. (JEMS), \textbf{17}, 3037--3080 (2015). Applications include computing $\mathrm{Ext}$ between arbitrary simple modules and computing a quiver presentation for the algebra of Hsiao's monoid of ordered $G$-partitions (connected to the Mantaci-Reutenauer descent algebra for the wreath product $G\wr S_n$). We show that this algebra is Koszul, compute its Koszul dual and compute minimal projective resolutions of all the simple modules using topology. More generally, these results work for CW left regular bands of abelian groups. These results generalize the results of S.~Margolis, F.~V. Saliola, and B.~Steinberg. \emph{Cell complexes, poset topology and the representation theory of algebras arising in algebraic combinatorics and discrete geometry}, Mem. Amer. Math. Soc., \textbf{274}, 1--135, (2021)., Comment: This is the second part of arXiv:2306.16379, the original version (v1,v2) was too long and split in two
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- 2024
43. Parenting Risk and Protective Factors in the Development of Conduct Problems in Seven Countries
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Lansford, Jennifer E., Godwin, Jennifer, Rothenberg, W. Andrew, Alampay, Liane P., Al-Hassan, Suha M., Bacchini, Dario, Bornstein, Marc H., Chang, Lei, Deater-Deckard, Kirby, Di Giunta, Laura, Dodge, Kenneth A., Gurdal, Sevtap, Junla, Daranee, Oburu, Paul, Pastorelli, Concetta, Skinner, Ann T., Sorbring, Emma, Steinberg, Laurence, Uribe Tirado, Liliana Maria, and Yotanyamaneewong, Saengduean
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- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Eric Fleisch: Checkbook Zionism: Philanthropy and Power in the Israel–Diaspora Relationship: Rutgers University Press, 2024, ix + 250 pp.
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Steinberg, Gerald M.
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- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Universal microbial indicators provide surveillance of sewage contamination in harbours worldwide
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McLellan, Sandra L., Chariton, Anthony, Codello, Annachiara, McClary-Gutierrez, Jill S., Schussman, Melissa K., Marzinelli, Ezequiel M., O’Neil, Judith M., Schott, Eric J., Bowen, Jennifer L., Vineis, Joe H., Maignien, Lois, Lemonnier, Clarisse, Perennou, Morgan, Gibb, Karen S., Zhou, Guang-Jie, Leung, Kenneth M. Y., Kirs, Marek, Griffith, John F., Steele, Joshua A., Swearer, Stephen E., O’Brien, Allyson L., Song, Dehai, Liang, Shengkang, Li, Junfeng, Airoldi, Laura, Mancuso, Francesco P., Salomon, Paulo S., Silva-Lima, Arthur W., Pereira, Renato C., Boehm, Alexandria B., Lim, Elton W. X., Wuertz, Stefan, Fernández, Emilio, Teira, Eva, Liao, Ming-Ling, Dong, Yun-Wei, and Steinberg, Peter D.
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- 2024
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46. Negative Affect, Sensation Seeking, and Adolescent Substance Use Development: The Moderating Role of Executive Function
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Folker, Ann, Peviani, Kristin M., Deater-Deckard, Kirby, Bickel, Warren K., Steinberg, Laurence, Casas, Brooks, and Kim-Spoon, Jungmeen
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- 2024
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47. Investigating Longitudinal Trajectories of COVID-19 Disruption: Methodological Challenges and Recommendations
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Rothenberg, W. Andrew, Lansford, Jennifer E., Skinner, Ann T., Chang, Lei, Deater-Deckard, Kirby, Di Giunta, Laura, Dodge, Kenneth A., Gurdal, Sevtap, Junla, Daranee, Liu, Qin, Long, Qian, Oburu, Paul, Pastorelli, Concetta, Sorbring, Emma, Steinberg, Laurence, Tirado, Liliana Maria Uribe, Yotanyamaneewong, Saengduean, Alampay, Liane Peña, Al-Hassan, Suha M., Bacchini, Dario, and Bornstein, Marc H.
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- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Genome-Wide DNA Methylation Profiling Reveals Low Methylation Variability in Moyamoya Disease
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Tokairin, Kikutaro, Ito, Masaki, Lee, Alex G., Teo, Mario, He, Shihao, Cheng, Michelle Y., and Steinberg, Gary K.
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- 2024
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49. Differences in autophagy marker levels at birth in preterm vs. term infants
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Künstle, Noëmi, Gorlanova, Olga, Marten, Andrea, Müller, Loretta, Sharma, Pawan, Röösli, Martin, Sinues, Pablo, Schär, Primo, Schürmann, David, Rüttimann, Céline, Da Silva Sena, Carla Rebeca, Nahum, Uri, Usemann, Jakob, Steinberg, Ruth, Yammine, Sophie, Schulzke, Sven, Latzin, Philipp, and Frey, Urs
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- 2024
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50. Machine learning implementation in small and medium-sized enterprises: insights and recommendations from a quantitative study
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Burggräf, Peter, Steinberg, Fabian, Sauer, Carl René, and Nettesheim, Philipp
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- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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