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The Bern Basel Infant Lung Development (BILD) cohort is a long-term study in Switzerland that investigates risk factors related to childhood wheeze and asthma. The cohort has expanded over the years to include preterm infants and those exposed to novel risk factors like COVID-19 and vaping. The study collects data on lung function, respiratory symptoms, microbiota, and biomarkers from infancy to adulthood. The cohort currently consists of 1332 participants who are followed up regularly. The data from the study, including anthropometric data, is available for further research and collaboration. [Extracted from the article]

In the context of U.S. and world wide educational reforms that require teachers to understand and respond to student thinking about mathematics in new ways, ongoing learning from practice is a necessity. In this paper we report on this process for one teacher in one especially productive year of learning. This case study documents how Ms. Statz's engagement with children's thinking changed dramatically in a period of only a few months; observations and interviews several years later confirm she sustained this change. Our analysis focuses on the mathematical discussions she had with her students, and suggests this talk with children about their thinking in instruction served both as an index of change, and, in combination with other factors, as a mechanism for change. We identified four phases in Ms. Statz's growth toward practical inquiry, distinguished by her use of interactive talk with children. Motivating the evolution of phases were two sorts of mechanisms: scaffolded examination of her students' thinking; and asking and answering questions about individual students' thinking. Processes for generating and testing knowledge about children's thinking ultimately became integrated into Ms. Statz's instructional practices as she created opportunities for herself, and then students, to hear and respond to children's thinking.

Ninety-six eighth and ninth grade algebra students were asked to judge the equivalence of pairs of equations and to justify their responses on the basis of transformations or calculations. Students who gave justifications based upon transformation schemes had a significantly higher rate of correct responses than students who calculated solutions. (JJK)

It is a dangerous thing to forget the climate of your birthplace for if you forget you may not recognize it in the climate of your nowplace. Steinberg is a former editor of two semi-technical magazines and before her retirement was the Director of Technical Publication at a telecommunications R&D company.

In his humility, Howard tries to throw us off guard, by this reference, and in truth, by the poem itself. EDITOR'S NOTE: When the poet, Howard Stein, submitted the above poem, The Train, he referred to it as "a brief poem." Ruth Steinberg's poems elaborate the theme, bringing trauma and legacy into the current day. [Extracted from the article]

Despite concerns about physicians' workload associated with electronic health records (EHRs), little attention has been paid to the relationship between physicians' well-being and the in-basket messages physicians receive--specifically, their volume and sources. Analyses of EHR work performed by physicians in a multispecialty practice found that in-basket messages generated by the EHR system accounted for almost half (114) of the 243 weekly in-basket messages received per physician, on average--far exceeding the numbers received from their colleagues (53) and patients (30). In a survey, 36 percent of the physicians reported burnout symptoms, and 29 percent intended to reduce their clinical work time in the upcoming year. Receiving more than the average number of system-generated in-basket messages was associated with 40 percent higher probability of burnout and 38 percent higher probability of intending to reduce clinical work time. Physicians' perceptions of a positive work environment were associated with lower odds of burnout and intention to reduce clinical work time and with greater satisfaction with life. Female physicians had a higher risk of burnout and lower satisfaction with life, compared to males. Meaningful redesign of EHR in-basket workflow and a wellness-enhancing work environment are necessary to effectively improve physicians' well-being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The effects of prenatal antibiotic exposure on respiratory morbidity in infancy and the involved mechanisms are still poorly understood. We aimed to examine whether prenatal antibiotic exposure in the third trimester is associated with nasal microbiome and respiratory morbidity in infancy and at school age, and whether this association with respiratory morbidity is mediated by the nasal microbiome., Methods: We performed 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing (regions V3-V4) on nasal swabs obtained from 296 healthy term infants from the prospective Basel-Bern birth cohort (BILD) at age 4-6 weeks. Information about antibiotic exposure was derived from birth records and standardised interviews. Respiratory symptoms were assessed by weekly telephone interviews in the first year of life and a clinical visit at age 6 years. Structural equation modelling was used to test direct and indirect associations accounting for known risk factors., Results: α-Diversity indices were lower in infants with antibiotic exposure compared to nonexposed infants ( e.g. Shannon index p-value 0.006). Prenatal antibiotic exposure was also associated with a higher risk of any, as well as severe, respiratory symptoms in the first year of life (risk ratio 1.38, 95% CI 1.03-1.84; adjusted p-value (p adj )=0.032 and risk ratio 1.75, 95% CI 1.02-2.97; p adj =0.041, respectively), but not with wheeze or atopy in childhood. However, we found no indirect mediating effect of nasal microbiome explaining these clinical symptoms., Conclusion: Prenatal antibiotic exposure was associated with lower diversity of nasal microbiome in infancy and, independently of microbiome, with respiratory morbidity in infancy, but not with symptoms later in life., Competing Interests: Conflict of interest: C. Rüttimann is partially funded by the Freie Akademische Gesellschaft Basel. The other authors declare no conflict of interest., (Copyright ©The authors 2023.)

Despite concerns about physicians' workload associated with electronic health records (EHRs), little attention has been paid to the relationship between physicians' well-being and the in-basket messages physicians receive-specifically, their volume and sources. Analyses of EHR work performed by physicians in a multispecialty practice found that in-basket messages generated by the EHR system accounted for almost half (114) of the 243 weekly in-basket messages received per physician, on average-far exceeding the numbers received from their colleagues (53) and patients (30). In a survey, 36 percent of the physicians reported burnout symptoms, and 29 percent intended to reduce their clinical work time in the upcoming year. Receiving more than the average number of system-generated in-basket messages was associated with 40 percent higher probability of burnout and 38 percent higher probability of intending to reduce clinical work time. Physicians' perceptions of a positive work environment were associated with lower odds of burnout and intention to reduce clinical work time and with greater satisfaction with life. Female physicians had a higher risk of burnout and lower satisfaction with life, compared to males. Meaningful redesign of EHR in-basket workflow and a wellness-enhancing work environment are necessary to effectively improve physicians' well-being.