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1. GA4GH: International policies and standards for data sharing across genomic research and healthcare

Author: Rehm, HL, Page, AJH, Smith, L, Adams, JB, Alterovitz, G, Babb, LJ, Barkley, MP, Baudis, M, Beauvais, MJS, Beck, T, Beckmann, JS, Beltran, S, Bernick, D, Bernier, A, Bonfield, JK, Boughtwood, TF, Bourque, G, Bowers, SR, Brookes, AJ, Brudno, M, Brush, MH, Bujold, D, Burdett, T, Buske, OJ, Cabili, MN, Cameron, DL, Carroll, RJ, Casas-Silva, E, Chakravarty, D, Chaudhari, BP, Chen, SH, Cherry, JM, Chung, J, Cline, M, Clissold, HL, Cook-Deegan, RM, Courtot, M, Cunningham, F, Cupak, M, Davies, RM, Denisko, D, Doerr, MJ, Dolman, LI, Dove, ES, Dursi, LJ, Dyke, SOM, Eddy, JA, Eilbeck, K, Ellrott, KP, Fairley, S, Fakhro, KA, Firth, HV, Fitzsimons, MS, Fiume, M, Flicek, P, Fore, IM, Freeberg, MA, Freimuth, RR, Fromont, LA, Fuerth, J, Gaff, CL, Gan, W, Ghanaim, EM, Glazer, D, Green, RC, Griffith, M, Griffith, OL, Grossman, RL, Groza, T, Auvil, JMG, Guigo, R, Gupta, D, Haendel, MA, Hamosh, A, Hansen, DP, Hart, RK, Hartley, DM, Haussler, D, Hendricks-Sturrup, RM, Ho, CWL, Hobb, AE, Hoffman, MM, Hofmann, OM, Holub, P, Hsu, JS, Hubaux, J-P, Hunt, SE, Husami, A, Jacobsen, JO, Jamuar, SS, Janes, EL, Jeanson, F, Jene, A, Johns, AL, Joly, Y, Jones, SJM, Kanitz, A, Kato, K, Keane, TM, Kekesi-Lafrance, K, Kelleher, J, Kerry, G, Khor, S-S, Knoppers, BM, Konopko, MA, Kosaki, K, Kuba, M, Lawson, J, Leinonen, R, Li, S, Lin, MF, Linden, M, Liu, X, Liyanage, IU, Lopez, J, Lucassen, AM, Lukowski, M, Mann, AL, Marshall, J, Mattioni, M, Metke-Jimenez, A, Middleton, A, Milne, RJ, Molnar-Gabor, F, Mulder, N, Munoz-Torres, MC, Nag, R, Nakagawa, H, Nasir, J, Navarro, A, Nelson, TH, Niewielska, A, Nisselle, A, Niu, J, Nyronen, TH, O'Connor, BD, Oesterle, S, Ogishima, S, Wang, VO, Paglione, LAD, Palumbo, E, Parkinson, HE, Philippakis, AA, Pizarro, AD, Prlic, A, Rambla, J, Rendon, A, Rider, RA, Robinson, PN, Rodarmer, KW, Rodriguez, LL, Rubin, AF, Rueda, M, Rushton, GA, Ryan, RS, Saunders, GI, Schuilenburg, H, Schwede, T, Scollen, S, Senf, A, Sheffield, NC, Skantharajah, N, Smith, AV, Sofia, HJ, Spalding, D, Spurdle, AB, Stark, Z, Stein, LD, Suematsu, M, Tan, P, Tedds, JA, Thomson, AA, Thorogood, A, Tickle, TL, Tokunaga, K, Tomroos, J, Torrents, D, Upchurch, S, Valencia, A, Guimera, RV, Vamathevan, J, Varma, S, Vears, DF, Viner, C, Voisin, C, Wagner, AH, Wallace, SE, Walsh, BP, Williams, MS, Winkler, EC, Wold, BJ, Wood, GM, Woolley, JP, Yamasaki, C, Yates, AD, Yung, CK, Zass, LJ, Zaytseva, K, Zhang, J, Goodhand, P, North, K, Birney, E, Rehm, HL, Page, AJH, Smith, L, Adams, JB, Alterovitz, G, Babb, LJ, Barkley, MP, Baudis, M, Beauvais, MJS, Beck, T, Beckmann, JS, Beltran, S, Bernick, D, Bernier, A, Bonfield, JK, Boughtwood, TF, Bourque, G, Bowers, SR, Brookes, AJ, Brudno, M, Brush, MH, Bujold, D, Burdett, T, Buske, OJ, Cabili, MN, Cameron, DL, Carroll, RJ, Casas-Silva, E, Chakravarty, D, Chaudhari, BP, Chen, SH, Cherry, JM, Chung, J, Cline, M, Clissold, HL, Cook-Deegan, RM, Courtot, M, Cunningham, F, Cupak, M, Davies, RM, Denisko, D, Doerr, MJ, Dolman, LI, Dove, ES, Dursi, LJ, Dyke, SOM, Eddy, JA, Eilbeck, K, Ellrott, KP, Fairley, S, Fakhro, KA, Firth, HV, Fitzsimons, MS, Fiume, M, Flicek, P, Fore, IM, Freeberg, MA, Freimuth, RR, Fromont, LA, Fuerth, J, Gaff, CL, Gan, W, Ghanaim, EM, Glazer, D, Green, RC, Griffith, M, Griffith, OL, Grossman, RL, Groza, T, Auvil, JMG, Guigo, R, Gupta, D, Haendel, MA, Hamosh, A, Hansen, DP, Hart, RK, Hartley, DM, Haussler, D, Hendricks-Sturrup, RM, Ho, CWL, Hobb, AE, Hoffman, MM, Hofmann, OM, Holub, P, Hsu, JS, Hubaux, J-P, Hunt, SE, Husami, A, Jacobsen, JO, Jamuar, SS, Janes, EL, Jeanson, F, Jene, A, Johns, AL, Joly, Y, Jones, SJM, Kanitz, A, Kato, K, Keane, TM, Kekesi-Lafrance, K, Kelleher, J, Kerry, G, Khor, S-S, Knoppers, BM, Konopko, MA, Kosaki, K, Kuba, M, Lawson, J, Leinonen, R, Li, S, Lin, MF, Linden, M, Liu, X, Liyanage, IU, Lopez, J, Lucassen, AM, Lukowski, M, Mann, AL, Marshall, J, Mattioni, M, Metke-Jimenez, A, Middleton, A, Milne, RJ, Molnar-Gabor, F, Mulder, N, Munoz-Torres, MC, Nag, R, Nakagawa, H, Nasir, J, Navarro, A, Nelson, TH, Niewielska, A, Nisselle, A, Niu, J, Nyronen, TH, O'Connor, BD, Oesterle, S, Ogishima, S, Wang, VO, Paglione, LAD, Palumbo, E, Parkinson, HE, Philippakis, AA, Pizarro, AD, Prlic, A, Rambla, J, Rendon, A, Rider, RA, Robinson, PN, Rodarmer, KW, Rodriguez, LL, Rubin, AF, Rueda, M, Rushton, GA, Ryan, RS, Saunders, GI, Schuilenburg, H, Schwede, T, Scollen, S, Senf, A, Sheffield, NC, Skantharajah, N, Smith, AV, Sofia, HJ, Spalding, D, Spurdle, AB, Stark, Z, Stein, LD, Suematsu, M, Tan, P, Tedds, JA, Thomson, AA, Thorogood, A, Tickle, TL, Tokunaga, K, Tomroos, J, Torrents, D, Upchurch, S, Valencia, A, Guimera, RV, Vamathevan, J, Varma, S, Vears, DF, Viner, C, Voisin, C, Wagner, AH, Wallace, SE, Walsh, BP, Williams, MS, Winkler, EC, Wold, BJ, Wood, GM, Woolley, JP, Yamasaki, C, Yates, AD, Yung, CK, Zass, LJ, Zaytseva, K, Zhang, J, Goodhand, P, North, K, and Birney, E
Abstract: The Global Alliance for Genomics and Health (GA4GH) aims to accelerate biomedical advances by enabling the responsible sharing of clinical and genomic data through both harmonized data aggregation and federated approaches. The decreasing cost of genomic sequencing (along with other genome-wide molecular assays) and increasing evidence of its clinical utility will soon drive the generation of sequence data from tens of millions of humans, with increasing levels of diversity. In this perspective, we present the GA4GH strategies for addressing the major challenges of this data revolution. We describe the GA4GH organization, which is fueled by the development efforts of eight Work Streams and informed by the needs of 24 Driver Projects and other key stakeholders. We present the GA4GH suite of secure, interoperable technical standards and policy frameworks and review the current status of standards, their relevance to key domains of research and clinical care, and future plans of GA4GH. Broad international participation in building, adopting, and deploying GA4GH standards and frameworks will catalyze an unprecedented effort in data sharing that will be critical to advancing genomic medicine and ensuring that all populations can access its benefits.
Published: 2021

2. Sex differences in oncogenic mutational processes

Author: Li, CH, Prokopec, SD, Sun, RX, Yousif, F, Schmitz, N, Al-Shahrour, F, Atwal, G, Bailey, PJ, Biankin, AV, Boutros, PC, Campbell, PJ, Chang, DK, Cooke, SL, Deshpande, V, Faltas, BM, Faquin, WC, Garraway, L, Getz, G, Grimmond, SM, Haider, S, Hoadley, KA, Jiao, W, Kaiser, VB, Karlić, R, Kato, M, Kübler, K, Lazar, AJ, Louis, DN, Margolin, A, Martin, S, Nahal-Bose, HK, Nielsen, GP, Nik-Zainal, S, Omberg, L, P’ng, C, Perry, MD, Polak, P, Rheinbay, E, Rubin, MA, Semple, CA, Sgroi, DC, Shibata, T, Siebert, R, Smith, J, Stein, LD, Stobbe, MD, Thai, K, Wright, DW, Wu, CL, Yuan, K, Zhang, J, Aaltonen, LA, Abascal, F, Abeshouse, A, Aburatani, H, Adams, DJ, Agrawal, N, Ahn, KS, Ahn, SM, Aikata, H, Akbani, R, Akdemir, KC, Al-Ahmadie, H, Al-Sedairy, ST, Alawi, M, Albert, M, Aldape, K, Alexandrov, LB, Ally, A, Alsop, K, Alvarez, EG, Amary, F, Amin, SB, Aminou, B, Ammerpohl, O, Anderson, MJ, Ang, Y, Antonello, D, Anur, P, Aparicio, S, Appelbaum, EL, Arai, Y, Aretz, A, Arihiro, K, Ariizumi, SI, Armenia, J, Arnould, L, Asa, S, Assenov, Y, Aukema, S, Auman, JT, Aure, MR, Awadalla, P, Aymerich, M, Bader, GD, Baez-Ortega, A, Li, CH, Prokopec, SD, Sun, RX, Yousif, F, Schmitz, N, Al-Shahrour, F, Atwal, G, Bailey, PJ, Biankin, AV, Boutros, PC, Campbell, PJ, Chang, DK, Cooke, SL, Deshpande, V, Faltas, BM, Faquin, WC, Garraway, L, Getz, G, Grimmond, SM, Haider, S, Hoadley, KA, Jiao, W, Kaiser, VB, Karlić, R, Kato, M, Kübler, K, Lazar, AJ, Louis, DN, Margolin, A, Martin, S, Nahal-Bose, HK, Nielsen, GP, Nik-Zainal, S, Omberg, L, P’ng, C, Perry, MD, Polak, P, Rheinbay, E, Rubin, MA, Semple, CA, Sgroi, DC, Shibata, T, Siebert, R, Smith, J, Stein, LD, Stobbe, MD, Thai, K, Wright, DW, Wu, CL, Yuan, K, Zhang, J, Aaltonen, LA, Abascal, F, Abeshouse, A, Aburatani, H, Adams, DJ, Agrawal, N, Ahn, KS, Ahn, SM, Aikata, H, Akbani, R, Akdemir, KC, Al-Ahmadie, H, Al-Sedairy, ST, Alawi, M, Albert, M, Aldape, K, Alexandrov, LB, Ally, A, Alsop, K, Alvarez, EG, Amary, F, Amin, SB, Aminou, B, Ammerpohl, O, Anderson, MJ, Ang, Y, Antonello, D, Anur, P, Aparicio, S, Appelbaum, EL, Arai, Y, Aretz, A, Arihiro, K, Ariizumi, SI, Armenia, J, Arnould, L, Asa, S, Assenov, Y, Aukema, S, Auman, JT, Aure, MR, Awadalla, P, Aymerich, M, Bader, GD, and Baez-Ortega, A
Abstract: Sex differences have been observed in multiple facets of cancer epidemiology, treatment and biology, and in most cancers outside the sex organs. Efforts to link these clinical differences to specific molecular features have focused on somatic mutations within the coding regions of the genome. Here we report a pan-cancer analysis of sex differences in whole genomes of 1983 tumours of 28 subtypes as part of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium. We both confirm the results of exome studies, and also uncover previously undescribed sex differences. These include sex-biases in coding and non-coding cancer drivers, mutation prevalence and strikingly, in mutational signatures related to underlying mutational processes. These results underline the pervasiveness of molecular sex differences and strengthen the call for increased consideration of sex in molecular cancer research.
Published: 2020

3. Pan-cancer analysis of whole genomes

Author: Campbell, PJ, Getz, G, Korbel, JO, Stuart, JM, Jennings, JL, Stein, LD, Perry, MD, Nahal-Bose, HK, Ouellette, BFF, Li, CH, Rheinbay, E, Nielsen, GP, Sgroi, DC, Wu, CL, Faquin, WC, Deshpande, V, Boutros, PC, Lazar, AJ, Hoadley, KA, Louis, DN, Dursi, LJ, Yung, CK, Bailey, MH, Saksena, G, Raine, KM, Buchhalter, I, Kleinheinz, K, Schlesner, M, Zhang, J, Wang, W, Wheeler, DA, Ding, L, Simpson, JT, O’Connor, BD, Yakneen, S, Ellrott, K, Miyoshi, N, Butler, AP, Royo, R, Shorser, SI, Vazquez, M, Rausch, T, Tiao, G, Waszak, SM, Rodriguez-Martin, B, Shringarpure, S, Wu, DY, Demidov, GM, Delaneau, O, Hayashi, S, Imoto, S, Habermann, N, Segre, AV, Garrison, E, Cafferkey, A, Alvarez, EG, Heredia-Genestar, JM, Muyas, F, Drechsel, O, Bruzos, AL, Temes, J, Zamora, J, Baez-Ortega, A, Kim, HL, Mashl, RJ, Ye, K, DiBiase, A, Huang, KL, Letunic, I, McLellan, MD, Newhouse, SJ, Shmaya, T, Kumar, S, Wedge, DC, Wright, MH, Yellapantula, VD, Gerstein, M, Khurana, E, Marques-Bonet, T, Navarro, A, Bustamante, CD, Siebert, R, Nakagawa, H, Easton, DF, Ossowski, S, Tubio, JMC, De La Vega, FM, Estivill, X, Yuen, D, Mihaiescu, GL, Omberg, L, Ferretti, V, Sabarinathan, R, Pich, O, Gonzalez-Perez, A, Taylor-Weiner, A, Fittall, MW, Demeulemeester, J, Tarabichi, M, Roberts, ND, Campbell, PJ, Getz, G, Korbel, JO, Stuart, JM, Jennings, JL, Stein, LD, Perry, MD, Nahal-Bose, HK, Ouellette, BFF, Li, CH, Rheinbay, E, Nielsen, GP, Sgroi, DC, Wu, CL, Faquin, WC, Deshpande, V, Boutros, PC, Lazar, AJ, Hoadley, KA, Louis, DN, Dursi, LJ, Yung, CK, Bailey, MH, Saksena, G, Raine, KM, Buchhalter, I, Kleinheinz, K, Schlesner, M, Zhang, J, Wang, W, Wheeler, DA, Ding, L, Simpson, JT, O’Connor, BD, Yakneen, S, Ellrott, K, Miyoshi, N, Butler, AP, Royo, R, Shorser, SI, Vazquez, M, Rausch, T, Tiao, G, Waszak, SM, Rodriguez-Martin, B, Shringarpure, S, Wu, DY, Demidov, GM, Delaneau, O, Hayashi, S, Imoto, S, Habermann, N, Segre, AV, Garrison, E, Cafferkey, A, Alvarez, EG, Heredia-Genestar, JM, Muyas, F, Drechsel, O, Bruzos, AL, Temes, J, Zamora, J, Baez-Ortega, A, Kim, HL, Mashl, RJ, Ye, K, DiBiase, A, Huang, KL, Letunic, I, McLellan, MD, Newhouse, SJ, Shmaya, T, Kumar, S, Wedge, DC, Wright, MH, Yellapantula, VD, Gerstein, M, Khurana, E, Marques-Bonet, T, Navarro, A, Bustamante, CD, Siebert, R, Nakagawa, H, Easton, DF, Ossowski, S, Tubio, JMC, De La Vega, FM, Estivill, X, Yuen, D, Mihaiescu, GL, Omberg, L, Ferretti, V, Sabarinathan, R, Pich, O, Gonzalez-Perez, A, Taylor-Weiner, A, Fittall, MW, Demeulemeester, J, Tarabichi, M, and Roberts, ND
Abstract: Cancer is driven by genetic change, and the advent of massively parallel sequencing has enabled systematic documentation of this variation at the whole-genome scale1–3. Here we report the integrative analysis of 2,658 whole-cancer genomes and their matching normal tissues across 38 tumour types from the Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium of the International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). We describe the generation of the PCAWG resource, facilitated by international data sharing using compute clouds. On average, cancer genomes contained 4–5 driver mutations when combining coding and non-coding genomic elements; however, in around 5% of cases no drivers were identified, suggesting that cancer driver discovery is not yet complete. Chromothripsis, in which many clustered structural variants arise in a single catastrophic event, is frequently an early event in tumour evolution; in acral melanoma, for example, these events precede most somatic point mutations and affect several cancer-associated genes simultaneously. Cancers with abnormal telomere maintenance often originate from tissues with low replicative activity and show several mechanisms of preventing telomere attrition to critical levels. Common and rare germline variants affect patterns of somatic mutation, including point mutations, structural variants and somatic retrotransposition. A collection of papers from the PCAWG Consortium describes non-coding mutations that drive cancer beyond those in the TERT promoter4; identifies new signatures of mutational processes that cause base substitutions, small insertions and deletions and structural variation5,6; analyses timings and patterns of tumour evolution7; describes the diverse transcriptional consequences of somatic mutation on splicing, expression levels, fusion genes and promoter activity8,9; and evaluates a range of more-specialized features of cancer genomes8,10–18.
Published: 2020

4. Analyses of non-coding somatic drivers in 2,658 cancer whole genomes

Author: Rheinbay, E, Nielsen, MM, Abascal, F, Wala, JA, Shapira, O, Tiao, G, Hornshoj, H, Hess, JM, Juul, RI, Lin, Z, Feuerbach, L, Sabarinathan, R, Madsen, T, Kim, J, Mularoni, L, Shuai, S, Lanzos, A, Herrmann, C, Maruvka, YE, Shen, C, Amin, SB, Bandopadhayay, P, Bertl, J, Boroevich, KA, Busanovich, J, Carlevaro-Fita, J, Chakravarty, D, Chan, CWY, Craft, D, Dhingra, P, Diamanti, K, Fonseca, NA, Gonzalez-Perez, A, Guo, Q, Hamilton, MP, Haradhvala, NJ, Hong, C, Isaev, K, Johnson, TA, Juul, M, Kahles, A, Kahraman, A, Kim, Y, Komorowski, J, Kumar, K, Kumar, S, Lee, D, Lehmann, K-V, Li, Y, Liu, EM, Lochovsky, L, Park, K, Pich, O, Roberts, ND, Saksena, G, Schumacher, SE, Sidiropoulos, N, Sieverling, L, Sinnott-Armstrong, N, Stewart, C, Tamborero, D, Tubio, JMC, Umer, HM, Uuskula-Reimand, L, Wadelius, C, Wadi, L, Yao, X, Zhang, C-Z, Zhang, J, Haber, JE, Hobolth, A, Imielinski, M, Kellis, M, Lawrence, MS, von Mering, C, Nakagawa, H, Raphael, BJ, Rubin, MA, Sander, C, Stein, LD, Stuart, JM, Tsunoda, T, Wheeler, DA, Johnson, R, Reimand, J, Gerstein, M, Khurana, E, Campbell, PJ, Lopez-Bigas, N, Weischenfeldt, J, Beroukhim, R, Martincorena, I, Pedersen, JS, Getz, G, Bader, GD, Barenboim, J, Brunak, S, Chen, K, Choi, JK, Deu-Pons, J, Fink, JL, Frigola, J, Gambacorti-Passerini, C, Garsed, DW, Gut, IG, Haan, D, Harmanci, AO, Helmy, M, Hodzic, E, Izarzugaza, JMG, Kim, JK, Korbel, JO, Larsson, E, Li, S, Li, X, Lou, S, Marchal, K, Martinez-Fundichely, A, McGillivray, PD, Meyerson, W, Muinos, F, Paczkowska, M, Pons, T, Pulido-Tamayo, S, Reyes-Salazar, I, Reyna, MA, Rubio-Perez, C, Sahinalp, SC, Salichos, L, Shackleton, M, Shrestha, R, Valencia, A, Vazquez, M, Verbeke, LPC, Wang, J, Warrell, J, Waszak, SM, Wu, G, Yu, J, Zhang, X, Zhang, Y, Zhao, Z, Zou, L, Akdemir, KC, Alvarez, EG, Baez-Ortega, A, Boutros, PC, Bowtell, DDL, Brors, B, Burns, KH, Chan, K, CortesCiriano, I, Dueso-Barroso, A, Dunford, AJ, Edwards, PA, Estivill, X, Etemadmoghadam, D, Frenkel-Morgenstern, M, Gordenin, DA, Hutter, B, Jones, DTW, Ju, YS, Kazanov, MD, Klimczak, LJ, Koh, Y, Lee, EA, Lee, JJ-K, Lynch, AG, Macintyre, G, Markowetz, F, Meyerson, M, Miyano, S, Navarro, FCP, Ossowski, S, Park, PJ, Pearson, J, Puiggros, M, Rippe, K, Roberts, SA, RodriguezMartin, B, Scully, R, Torrents, D, Villasante, I, Waddell, N, Yang, L, Yoon, S-S, Zamora, J, Rheinbay, E, Nielsen, MM, Abascal, F, Wala, JA, Shapira, O, Tiao, G, Hornshoj, H, Hess, JM, Juul, RI, Lin, Z, Feuerbach, L, Sabarinathan, R, Madsen, T, Kim, J, Mularoni, L, Shuai, S, Lanzos, A, Herrmann, C, Maruvka, YE, Shen, C, Amin, SB, Bandopadhayay, P, Bertl, J, Boroevich, KA, Busanovich, J, Carlevaro-Fita, J, Chakravarty, D, Chan, CWY, Craft, D, Dhingra, P, Diamanti, K, Fonseca, NA, Gonzalez-Perez, A, Guo, Q, Hamilton, MP, Haradhvala, NJ, Hong, C, Isaev, K, Johnson, TA, Juul, M, Kahles, A, Kahraman, A, Kim, Y, Komorowski, J, Kumar, K, Kumar, S, Lee, D, Lehmann, K-V, Li, Y, Liu, EM, Lochovsky, L, Park, K, Pich, O, Roberts, ND, Saksena, G, Schumacher, SE, Sidiropoulos, N, Sieverling, L, Sinnott-Armstrong, N, Stewart, C, Tamborero, D, Tubio, JMC, Umer, HM, Uuskula-Reimand, L, Wadelius, C, Wadi, L, Yao, X, Zhang, C-Z, Zhang, J, Haber, JE, Hobolth, A, Imielinski, M, Kellis, M, Lawrence, MS, von Mering, C, Nakagawa, H, Raphael, BJ, Rubin, MA, Sander, C, Stein, LD, Stuart, JM, Tsunoda, T, Wheeler, DA, Johnson, R, Reimand, J, Gerstein, M, Khurana, E, Campbell, PJ, Lopez-Bigas, N, Weischenfeldt, J, Beroukhim, R, Martincorena, I, Pedersen, JS, Getz, G, Bader, GD, Barenboim, J, Brunak, S, Chen, K, Choi, JK, Deu-Pons, J, Fink, JL, Frigola, J, Gambacorti-Passerini, C, Garsed, DW, Gut, IG, Haan, D, Harmanci, AO, Helmy, M, Hodzic, E, Izarzugaza, JMG, Kim, JK, Korbel, JO, Larsson, E, Li, S, Li, X, Lou, S, Marchal, K, Martinez-Fundichely, A, McGillivray, PD, Meyerson, W, Muinos, F, Paczkowska, M, Pons, T, Pulido-Tamayo, S, Reyes-Salazar, I, Reyna, MA, Rubio-Perez, C, Sahinalp, SC, Salichos, L, Shackleton, M, Shrestha, R, Valencia, A, Vazquez, M, Verbeke, LPC, Wang, J, Warrell, J, Waszak, SM, Wu, G, Yu, J, Zhang, X, Zhang, Y, Zhao, Z, Zou, L, Akdemir, KC, Alvarez, EG, Baez-Ortega, A, Boutros, PC, Bowtell, DDL, Brors, B, Burns, KH, Chan, K, CortesCiriano, I, Dueso-Barroso, A, Dunford, AJ, Edwards, PA, Estivill, X, Etemadmoghadam, D, Frenkel-Morgenstern, M, Gordenin, DA, Hutter, B, Jones, DTW, Ju, YS, Kazanov, MD, Klimczak, LJ, Koh, Y, Lee, EA, Lee, JJ-K, Lynch, AG, Macintyre, G, Markowetz, F, Meyerson, M, Miyano, S, Navarro, FCP, Ossowski, S, Park, PJ, Pearson, J, Puiggros, M, Rippe, K, Roberts, SA, RodriguezMartin, B, Scully, R, Torrents, D, Villasante, I, Waddell, N, Yang, L, Yoon, S-S, and Zamora, J
Abstract: The discovery of drivers of cancer has traditionally focused on protein-coding genes1-4. Here we present analyses of driver point mutations and structural variants in non-coding regions across 2,658 genomes from the Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium5 of the International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). For point mutations, we developed a statistically rigorous strategy for combining significance levels from multiple methods of driver discovery that overcomes the limitations of individual methods. For structural variants, we present two methods of driver discovery, and identify regions that are significantly affected by recurrent breakpoints and recurrent somatic juxtapositions. Our analyses confirm previously reported drivers6,7, raise doubts about others and identify novel candidates, including point mutations in the 5' region of TP53, in the 3' untranslated regions of NFKBIZ and TOB1, focal deletions in BRD4 and rearrangements in the loci of AKR1C genes. We show that although point mutations and structural variants that drive cancer are less frequent in non-coding genes and regulatory sequences than in protein-coding genes, additional examples of these drivers will be found as more cancer genomes become available.
Published: 2020

5. Cancer LncRNA Census reveals evidence for deep functional conservation of long noncoding RNAs in tumorigenesis

Author: Carlevaro-Fita, J, Lanzos, A, Feuerbach, L, Hong, C, Mas-Ponte, D, Pedersen, JS, Johnson, R, Abascal, F, Amin, SB, Bader, GD, Barenboim, J, Beroukhim, R, Bertl, J, Boroevich, KA, Brunak, S, Campbell, PJ, Chakravarty, D, Chan, CWY, Chen, K, Choi, JK, Deu-Pons, J, Dhingra, P, Diamanti, K, Fink, JL, Fonseca, NA, Frigola, J, Gambacorti-Passerini, C, Garsed, DW, Gerstein, M, Getz, G, Gonzalez-Perez, A, Guo, Q, Gut, IG, Haan, D, Hamilton, MP, Haradhvala, NJ, Harmanci, AO, Helmy, M, Herrmann, C, Hess, JM, Hobolth, A, Hodzic, E, Hornshoj, H, Isaev, K, Izarzugaza, JMG, Johnson, TA, Juul, M, Juul, RI, Kahles, A, Kahraman, A, Kellis, M, Khurana, E, Kim, J, Kim, JK, Kim, Y, Komorowski, J, Korbel, JO, Kumar, S, Larsson, E, Lawrence, MS, Lee, D, Lehmann, K-V, Li, S, Li, X, Lin, Z, Liu, EM, Lochovsky, L, Lou, S, Madsen, T, Marchal, K, Martincorena, I, Martinez-Fundichely, A, Maruvka, YE, McGillivray, PD, Meyerson, W, Muinos, F, Mularoni, L, Nakagawa, H, Nielsen, MM, Paczkowska, M, Park, K, Pich, O, Pons, T, Pulido-Tamayo, S, Raphael, BJ, Reimand, J, Reyes-Salazar, I, Reyna, MA, Rheinbay, E, Rubin, MA, Rubio-Perez, C, Sabarinathan, R, Sahinalp, SC, Saksena, G, Salichos, L, Sander, C, Schumacher, SE, Shackleton, M, Shapira, O, Shen, C, Shrestha, R, Shuai, S, Sidiropoulos, N, Sieverling, L, Sinnott-Armstrong, N, Stein, LD, Stuart, JM, Tamborero, D, Tiao, G, Tsunoda, T, Umer, HM, Uuskula-Reimand, L, Valencia, A, Vazquez, M, Verbeke, LPC, Wadelius, C, Wadi, L, Wang, J, Warrell, J, Waszak, SM, Weischenfeldt, J, Wheeler, DA, Wu, G, Yu, J, Zhang, J, Zhang, X, Zhang, Y, Zhao, Z, Zou, L, von Mering, C, Carlevaro-Fita, J, Lanzos, A, Feuerbach, L, Hong, C, Mas-Ponte, D, Pedersen, JS, Johnson, R, Abascal, F, Amin, SB, Bader, GD, Barenboim, J, Beroukhim, R, Bertl, J, Boroevich, KA, Brunak, S, Campbell, PJ, Chakravarty, D, Chan, CWY, Chen, K, Choi, JK, Deu-Pons, J, Dhingra, P, Diamanti, K, Fink, JL, Fonseca, NA, Frigola, J, Gambacorti-Passerini, C, Garsed, DW, Gerstein, M, Getz, G, Gonzalez-Perez, A, Guo, Q, Gut, IG, Haan, D, Hamilton, MP, Haradhvala, NJ, Harmanci, AO, Helmy, M, Herrmann, C, Hess, JM, Hobolth, A, Hodzic, E, Hornshoj, H, Isaev, K, Izarzugaza, JMG, Johnson, TA, Juul, M, Juul, RI, Kahles, A, Kahraman, A, Kellis, M, Khurana, E, Kim, J, Kim, JK, Kim, Y, Komorowski, J, Korbel, JO, Kumar, S, Larsson, E, Lawrence, MS, Lee, D, Lehmann, K-V, Li, S, Li, X, Lin, Z, Liu, EM, Lochovsky, L, Lou, S, Madsen, T, Marchal, K, Martincorena, I, Martinez-Fundichely, A, Maruvka, YE, McGillivray, PD, Meyerson, W, Muinos, F, Mularoni, L, Nakagawa, H, Nielsen, MM, Paczkowska, M, Park, K, Pich, O, Pons, T, Pulido-Tamayo, S, Raphael, BJ, Reimand, J, Reyes-Salazar, I, Reyna, MA, Rheinbay, E, Rubin, MA, Rubio-Perez, C, Sabarinathan, R, Sahinalp, SC, Saksena, G, Salichos, L, Sander, C, Schumacher, SE, Shackleton, M, Shapira, O, Shen, C, Shrestha, R, Shuai, S, Sidiropoulos, N, Sieverling, L, Sinnott-Armstrong, N, Stein, LD, Stuart, JM, Tamborero, D, Tiao, G, Tsunoda, T, Umer, HM, Uuskula-Reimand, L, Valencia, A, Vazquez, M, Verbeke, LPC, Wadelius, C, Wadi, L, Wang, J, Warrell, J, Waszak, SM, Weischenfeldt, J, Wheeler, DA, Wu, G, Yu, J, Zhang, J, Zhang, X, Zhang, Y, Zhao, Z, Zou, L, and von Mering, C
Abstract: Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a growing focus of cancer genomics studies, creating the need for a resource of lncRNAs with validated cancer roles. Furthermore, it remains debated whether mutated lncRNAs can drive tumorigenesis, and whether such functions could be conserved during evolution. Here, as part of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium, we introduce the Cancer LncRNA Census (CLC), a compilation of 122 GENCODE lncRNAs with causal roles in cancer phenotypes. In contrast to existing databases, CLC requires strong functional or genetic evidence. CLC genes are enriched amongst driver genes predicted from somatic mutations, and display characteristic genomic features. Strikingly, CLC genes are enriched for driver mutations from unbiased, genome-wide transposon-mutagenesis screens in mice. We identified 10 tumour-causing mutations in orthologues of 8 lncRNAs, including LINC-PINT and NEAT1, but not MALAT1. Thus CLC represents a dataset of high-confidence cancer lncRNAs. Mutagenesis maps are a novel means for identifying deeply-conserved roles of lncRNAs in tumorigenesis.
Published: 2020

6. Landscape of somatic single nucleotide variants and indels in colorectal cancer and impact on survival

Author: Zaidi, SH, Harrison, TA, Phipps, A, Steinfelder, R, Trinh, QM, Qu, C, Banbury, BL, Georgeson, P, Grasso, CS, Giannakis, M, Adams, JB, Alwers, E, Amitay, EL, Barfield, RT, Berndt, S, Borozan, I, Brenner, H, Brezina, S, Buchanan, DD, Cao, Y, Chan, AT, Chang-Claude, J, Connolly, CM, Drew, DA, Farris, AB, Figueiredo, JC, French, AJ, Fuchs, CS, Garraway, LA, Gruber, S, Guinter, MA, Hamilton, SR, Harlid, S, Heisler, LE, Hidaka, A, Hopper, JL, Huang, W-Y, Huyghe, JR, Jenkins, MA, Krzyzanowski, PM, Lemire, M, Lin, Y, Luo, X, Mardis, ER, McPherson, JD, Miller, JK, Moreno, V, Mu, XJ, Nishihara, R, Papadopoulos, N, Pasternack, D, Quist, MJ, Rafikova, A, Reid, EEG, Shinbrot, E, Shirts, BH, Stein, LD, Teney, CD, Timms, L, Um, CY, Van Guelpen, B, Van Tassel, M, Wang, X, Wheeler, DA, Yung, CK, Hsu, L, Ogino, S, Gsur, A, Newcomb, PA, Gallinger, S, Hoffmeister, M, Campbell, PT, Thibodeau, SN, Sun, W, Hudson, TJ, Peters, U, Zaidi, SH, Harrison, TA, Phipps, A, Steinfelder, R, Trinh, QM, Qu, C, Banbury, BL, Georgeson, P, Grasso, CS, Giannakis, M, Adams, JB, Alwers, E, Amitay, EL, Barfield, RT, Berndt, S, Borozan, I, Brenner, H, Brezina, S, Buchanan, DD, Cao, Y, Chan, AT, Chang-Claude, J, Connolly, CM, Drew, DA, Farris, AB, Figueiredo, JC, French, AJ, Fuchs, CS, Garraway, LA, Gruber, S, Guinter, MA, Hamilton, SR, Harlid, S, Heisler, LE, Hidaka, A, Hopper, JL, Huang, W-Y, Huyghe, JR, Jenkins, MA, Krzyzanowski, PM, Lemire, M, Lin, Y, Luo, X, Mardis, ER, McPherson, JD, Miller, JK, Moreno, V, Mu, XJ, Nishihara, R, Papadopoulos, N, Pasternack, D, Quist, MJ, Rafikova, A, Reid, EEG, Shinbrot, E, Shirts, BH, Stein, LD, Teney, CD, Timms, L, Um, CY, Van Guelpen, B, Van Tassel, M, Wang, X, Wheeler, DA, Yung, CK, Hsu, L, Ogino, S, Gsur, A, Newcomb, PA, Gallinger, S, Hoffmeister, M, Campbell, PT, Thibodeau, SN, Sun, W, Hudson, TJ, and Peters, U
Abstract: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a biologically heterogeneous disease. To characterize its mutational profile, we conduct targeted sequencing of 205 genes for 2,105 CRC cases with survival data. Our data shows several findings in addition to enhancing the existing knowledge of CRC. We identify PRKCI, SPZ1, MUTYH, MAP2K4, FETUB, and TGFBR2 as additional genes significantly mutated in CRC. We find that among hypermutated tumors, an increased mutation burden is associated with improved CRC-specific survival (HR = 0.42, 95% CI: 0.21-0.82). Mutations in TP53 are associated with poorer CRC-specific survival, which is most pronounced in cases carrying TP53 mutations with predicted 0% transcriptional activity (HR = 1.53, 95% CI: 1.21-1.94). Furthermore, we observe differences in mutational frequency of several genes and pathways by tumor location, stage, and sex. Overall, this large study provides deep insights into somatic mutations in CRC, and their potential relationships with survival and tumor features.
Published: 2020

7. The evolutionary history of 2,658 cancers

Author: Gerstung, M, Jolly, C, Leshchiner, I, Dentro, SC, Gonzalez, S, Rosebrock, D, Mitchell, TJ, Rubanova, Y, Anur, P, Yu, K, Tarabichi, M, Deshwar, A, Wintersinger, J, Kleinheinz, K, Vazquez-Garcia, I, Haase, K, Jerman, L, Sengupta, S, Macintyre, G, Malikic, S, Donmez, N, Livitz, DG, Cmero, M, Demeulemeester, J, Schumacher, S, Fan, Y, Yao, X, Lee, J, Schlesner, M, Boutros, PC, Bowtell, DD, Zhu, H, Getz, G, Imielinski, M, Beroukhim, R, Sahinalp, SC, Ji, Y, Peifer, M, Markowetz, F, Mustonen, V, Yuan, K, Wang, W, Morris, QD, Spellman, PT, Wedge, DC, Van Loo, P, Deshwar, AG, Adams, DJ, Campbell, PJ, Cao, S, Christie, EL, Cun, Y, Dawson, KJ, Drews, RM, Eils, R, Fittall, M, Garsed, DW, Ha, G, Lee-Six, H, Martincorena, I, Oesper, L, Peto, M, Raphael, BJ, Salcedo, A, Shi, R, Shin, SJ, Spiro, O, Stein, LD, Vembu, S, Wheeler, DA, Yang, T-P, Gerstung, M, Jolly, C, Leshchiner, I, Dentro, SC, Gonzalez, S, Rosebrock, D, Mitchell, TJ, Rubanova, Y, Anur, P, Yu, K, Tarabichi, M, Deshwar, A, Wintersinger, J, Kleinheinz, K, Vazquez-Garcia, I, Haase, K, Jerman, L, Sengupta, S, Macintyre, G, Malikic, S, Donmez, N, Livitz, DG, Cmero, M, Demeulemeester, J, Schumacher, S, Fan, Y, Yao, X, Lee, J, Schlesner, M, Boutros, PC, Bowtell, DD, Zhu, H, Getz, G, Imielinski, M, Beroukhim, R, Sahinalp, SC, Ji, Y, Peifer, M, Markowetz, F, Mustonen, V, Yuan, K, Wang, W, Morris, QD, Spellman, PT, Wedge, DC, Van Loo, P, Deshwar, AG, Adams, DJ, Campbell, PJ, Cao, S, Christie, EL, Cun, Y, Dawson, KJ, Drews, RM, Eils, R, Fittall, M, Garsed, DW, Ha, G, Lee-Six, H, Martincorena, I, Oesper, L, Peto, M, Raphael, BJ, Salcedo, A, Shi, R, Shin, SJ, Spiro, O, Stein, LD, Vembu, S, Wheeler, DA, and Yang, T-P
Abstract: Cancer develops through a process of somatic evolution1,2. Sequencing data from a single biopsy represent a snapshot of this process that can reveal the timing of specific genomic aberrations and the changing influence of mutational processes3. Here, by whole-genome sequencing analysis of 2,658 cancers as part of the Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium of the International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA)4, we reconstruct the life history and evolution of mutational processes and driver mutation sequences of 38 types of cancer. Early oncogenesis is characterized by mutations in a constrained set of driver genes, and specific copy number gains, such as trisomy 7 in glioblastoma and isochromosome 17q in medulloblastoma. The mutational spectrum changes significantly throughout tumour evolution in 40% of samples. A nearly fourfold diversification of driver genes and increased genomic instability are features of later stages. Copy number alterations often occur in mitotic crises, and lead to simultaneous gains of chromosomal segments. Timing analyses suggest that driver mutations often precede diagnosis by many years, if not decades. Together, these results determine the evolutionary trajectories of cancer, and highlight opportunities for early cancer detection.
Published: 2020

8. A deep learning system accurately classifies primary and metastatic cancers using passenger mutation patterns

Author: Jiao, W, Atwal, G, Polak, P, Karlic, R, Cuppen, E, Danyi, A, de Ridder, J, van Herpen, C, Lolkema, MP, Steeghs, N, Getz, G, Morris, Q, Stein, LD, Jiao, W, Atwal, G, Polak, P, Karlic, R, Cuppen, E, Danyi, A, de Ridder, J, van Herpen, C, Lolkema, MP, Steeghs, N, Getz, G, Morris, Q, and Stein, LD
Abstract: In cancer, the primary tumour's organ of origin and histopathology are the strongest determinants of its clinical behaviour, but in 3% of cases a patient presents with a metastatic tumour and no obvious primary. Here, as part of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium, we train a deep learning classifier to predict cancer type based on patterns of somatic passenger mutations detected in whole genome sequencing (WGS) of 2606 tumours representing 24 common cancer types produced by the PCAWG Consortium. Our classifier achieves an accuracy of 91% on held-out tumor samples and 88% and 83% respectively on independent primary and metastatic samples, roughly double the accuracy of trained pathologists when presented with a metastatic tumour without knowledge of the primary. Surprisingly, adding information on driver mutations reduced accuracy. Our results have clinical applicability, underscore how patterns of somatic passenger mutations encode the state of the cell of origin, and can inform future strategies to detect the source of circulating tumour DNA.
Published: 2020

9. Abstract P2-10-04: Targeted sequencing in early breast cancer: Identification of novel candidate mutations predictive of anthracycline benefit

Author: Spears, M, primary, Kalatskaya, I, additional, Trinh, QM, additional, Liao, L, additional, Chong, TM, additional, Crozier, C, additional, Dion, D, additional, Heisler, L, additional, Timms, L, additional, Stein, LD, additional, Pritchard, KI, additional, Levine, MN, additional, Shepherd, L, additional, Twelves, CJ, additional, and Bartlett, JMS, additional
Published: 2018
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10. Abstract PD4-11: Copy-number and targeted sequencing analyses to identify distinct prognostic groups: Implications for patient selection to targeted therapies amongst anti-endocrine therapy resistant early breast cancers

Author: Bayani, J, primary, Kornaga, EN, additional, Crozier, C, additional, Jang, GH, additional, Kalatskaya, I, additional, Trinh, QM, additional, Yao, CQ, additional, Livingstone, J, additional, Hasenburg, A, additional, Kieback, DG, additional, Markopoulos, C, additional, Dirix, L, additional, Boutros, PC, additional, Spears, M, additional, Stein, LD, additional, Rea, D, additional, and Bartlett, JMS, additional
Published: 2018
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11. Recurrent noncoding regulatory mutations in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma

Author: Feigin, ME, Garvin, T, Bailey, P, Waddell, N, Chang, DK, Kelley, DR, Shuai, S, Gallinger, S, McPherson, JD, Grimmond, SM, Khurana, E, Stein, LD, Biankin, AV, Schatz, MC, Tuveson, DA, Feigin, ME, Garvin, T, Bailey, P, Waddell, N, Chang, DK, Kelley, DR, Shuai, S, Gallinger, S, McPherson, JD, Grimmond, SM, Khurana, E, Stein, LD, Biankin, AV, Schatz, MC, and Tuveson, DA
Abstract: The contributions of coding mutations to tumorigenesis are relatively well known; however, little is known about somatic alterations in noncoding DNA. Here we describe GECCO (Genomic Enrichment Computational Clustering Operation) to analyze somatic noncoding alterations in 308 pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDAs) and identify commonly mutated regulatory regions. We find recurrent noncoding mutations to be enriched in PDA pathways, including axon guidance and cell adhesion, and newly identified processes, including transcription and homeobox genes. We identified mutations in protein binding sites correlating with differential expression of proximal genes and experimentally validated effects of mutations on expression. We developed an expression modulation score that quantifies the strength of gene regulation imposed by each class of regulatory elements, and found the strongest elements were most frequently mutated, suggesting a selective advantage. Our detailed single-cancer analysis of noncoding alterations identifies regulatory mutations as candidates for diagnostic and prognostic markers, and suggests new mechanisms for tumor evolution.
Published: 2017

12. A second generation human haplotype map of over 3.1 million SNPs

Author: Frazer, KA, Ballinger, DG, Cox, DR, Hinds, DA, Stuve, LL, Gibbs, RA, Belmont, JW, Boudreau, A, Hardenbol, P, Leal, SM, Pasternak, S, Wheeler, DA, Willis, TD, Yu, F, Yang, H, Zeng, C, Gao, Y, Hu, H, Hu, W, Li, C, Lin, W, Liu, S, Pan, H, Tang, X, Wang, J, Wang, W, Yu, J, Zhang, B, Zhang, Q, Zhao, H, Zhou, J, Gabriel, SB, Barry, R, Blumenstiel, B, Camargo, A, Defelice, M, Faggart, M, Goyette, M, Gupta, S, Moore, J, Nguyen, H, Onofrio, RC, Parkin, M, Roy, J, Stahl, E, Winchester, E, Ziaugra, L, Altshuler, D, Shen, Y, Yao, Z, Huang, W, Chu, X, He, Y, Jin, L, Liu, Y, Sun, W, Wang, H, Wang, Y, Xiong, X, Xu, L, Waye, MM, Tsui, SK, Xue, H, Wong, JT, Galver, LM, Fan, JB, Gunderson, K, Murray, SS, Oliphant, AR, Chee, MS, Montpetit, A, Chagnon, F, Ferretti, V, Leboeuf, M, Olivier, JF, Phillips, MS, Roumy, S, Sallée, C, Verner, A, Hudson, TJ, Kwok, PY, Cai, D, Koboldt, DC, Miller, RD, Pawlikowska, L, Taillon-Miller, P, Xiao, M, Tsui, LC, Mak, W, Song, YQ, Tam, PK, Nakamura, Y, Kawaguchi, T, Kitamoto, T, Morizono, T, Nagashima, A, Ohnishi, Y, Sekine, A, Tanaka, T, Tsunoda, T, Deloukas, P, Bird, CP, Delgado, M, Dermitzakis, ET, Gwilliam, R, Hunt, S, Morrison, J, Powell, D, Stranger, BE, Whittaker, P, Bentley, DR, Daly, MJ, de Bakker, PI, Barrett, J, Chretien, YR, Maller, J, McCarroll, S, Patterson, N, Pe'er, I, Price, A, Purcell, S, Richter, DJ, Sabeti, P, Saxena, R, Schaffner, SF, Sham, PC, Varilly, P, Stein, LD, Krishnan, L, Smith, AV, Tello-Ruiz, MK, Thorisson, GA, Chakravarti, A, Chen, PE, Cutler, DJ, Kashuk, CS, Lin, S, Abecasis, GR, Guan, W, Li, Y, Munro, HM, Qin, ZS, Thomas, DJ, McVean, G, Auton, A, Bottolo, L, Cardin, N, Eyheramendy, S, Freeman, C, Marchini, J, Myers, S, Spencer, C, Stephens, M, Donnelly, P, Cardon, LR, Clarke, G, Evans, DM, Morris, AP, Weir, BS, Mullikin, JC, Sherry, ST, Feolo, M, Skol, A, Zhang, H, Matsuda, I, Fukushima, Y, Macer, DR, Suda, E, Rotimi, CN, Adebamowo, CA, Ajayi, I, Aniagwu, T, Marshall, PA, Nkwodimmah, C, Royal, CD, Leppert, MF, Dixon, M, Peiffer, A, Qiu, R, Kent, A, Kato, K, Niikawa, N, Adewole, IF, Knoppers, BM, Foster, MW, Clayton, EW, Watkin, J, Muzny, D, Nazareth, L, Sodergren, E, Weinstock, GM, Yakub, I, Birren, BW, Wilson, RK, Fulton, LL, Rogers, J, Burton, J, Carter, NP, Clee, CM, Griffiths, M, Jones, MC, McLay, K, Plumb, RW, Ross, MT, Sims, SK, Willey, DL, Chen, Z, Han, H, Kang, L, Godbout, M, Wallenburg, JC, L'Archevêque, P, Bellemare, G, Saeki, K, An, D, Fu, H, Li, Q, Wang, Z, Wang, R, Holden, AL, Brooks, LD, McEwen, JE, Guyer, MS, Wang, VO, Peterson, JL, Shi, M, Spiegel, J, Sung, LM, Zacharia, LF, Collins, FS, Kennedy, K, Jamieson, R, and Stewart, J
Subjects: Male, Recombination, Genetic, Genetics, Linkage disequilibrium, education.field_of_study, Multidisciplinary, Homozygote, Racial Groups, Haplotype, Population, Single-nucleotide polymorphism, Tag SNP, Biology, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Linkage Disequilibrium, Article, Haplotypes, Humans, Female, Selection, Genetic, International HapMap Project, education, Imputation (genetics), Genetic association
Abstract: We describe the Phase II HapMap, which characterizes over 3.1 million human single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) genotyped in 270 individuals from four geographically diverse populations and includes 25-35% of common SNP variation in the populations surveyed. The map is estimated to capture untyped common variation with an average maximum r 2 of between 0.9 and 0.96 depending on population. We demonstrate that the current generation of commercial genome-wide genotyping products captures common Phase II SNPs with an average maximum r 2 of up to 0.8 in African and up to 0.95 in non-African populations, and that potential gains in power in association studies can be obtained through imputation. These data also reveal novel aspects of the structure of linkage disequilibrium. We show that 10-30% of pairs of individuals within a population share at least one region of extended genetic identity arising from recent ancestry and that up to 1% of all common variants are untaggable, primarily because they lie within recombination hotspots. We show that recombination rates vary systematically around genes and between genes of different function. Finally, we demonstrate increased differentiation at non-synonymous, compared to synonymous, SNPs, resulting from systematic differences in the strength or efficacy of natural selection between populations. ©2007 Nature Publishing Group., link_to_OA_fulltext
Published: 2016

13. The Lin28/let-7 axis regulates glucose metabolism

Author: Zhu H, Shyh Chang N, Segrè AV, Shinoda G, Shah SP, Einhorn WS, Takeuchi A, Engreitz JM, Hagan JP, Kharas MG, Urbach A, Thornton JE, Triboulet R, Gregory RI, DIAGRAM Consortium, MAGIC Investigators, Altshuler D, Daley G.Q. Voight BF, Scott LJ, Steinthorsdottir V, Morris AP, Dina C, Welch RP, Zeggini E, Huth C, Aulchenko YS, Thorleifsson G, McCulloch LJ, Ferreira T, Grallert H, Amin N, Wu G, Willer CJ, Raychaudhuri S, McCarroll SA, Langenberg C, Hofmann OM, Dupuis J, Qi L, van Hoek M, Navarro P, Ardlie K, Balkau B, Benediktsson R, Bennett AJ, Blagieva R, Boerwinkle E, Bonnycastle LL, Boström KB, Bravenboer B, Bumpstead S, Burtt NP, Charpentier G, Chines PS, Cornelis M, Couper DJ, Crawford G, Doney AS, Elliott KS, Elliott AL, Erdos MR, Fox CS, Franklin CS, Ganser M, Gieger C, Grarup N, Green T, Griffin S, Groves CJ, Guiducci C, Hadjadj S, Hassanali N, Herder C, Isomaa B, Jackson AU, Johnson PR, Jørgensen T, Kao WH, Klopp N, Kong A, Kraft P, Kuusisto J, Lauritzen T, Li M, Lieverse A, Lindgren CM, Lyssenko V, Marre M, Meitinger T, Midthjell K, Morken MA, Narisu N, Nilsson P, Owen KR, Payne F, Perry JR, Petersen AK, Platou C, Proença C, Prokopenko I, Rathmann W, Rayner NW, Robertson NR, Rocheleau G, Roden M, Sampson MJ, Saxena R, Shields BM, Shrader P, Sigurdsson G, Sparsø T, Strassburger K, Stringham HM, Sun Q, Swift AJ, Thorand B, Tichet J, Tuomi T, van Dam RM, van Haeften TW, van Herpt T, van Vliet Ostaptchouk JV, Walters GB, Weedon MN, Wijmenga C, Witteman J, Bergman RN, Cauchi S, Collins FS, Gloyn AL, Gyllensten U, Hansen T, Hide WA, Hitman GA, Hofman A, Hunter DJ, Hveem K, Laakso M, Mohlke KL, Morris AD, Palmer CN, Pramstaller PP, Rudan I, Sijbrands E, Stein LD, Tuomilehto J, Uitterlinden A, Walker M, Wareham NJ, Watanabe RM, Abecasis GR, Boehm BO, Campbell H, Daly MJ, Hattersley AT, Hu FB, Meigs JB, Pankow JS, Pedersen O, Wichmann HE, Barroso I, Florez JC, Frayling TM, Groop L, Sladek R, Thorsteinsdottir U, Wilson JF, Illig T, Froguel P, van Duijn CM, Stefansson K, Boehnke M, McCarthy MI, Soranzo N, Wheeler E, Glazer NL, Bouatia Naji N, Mägi R, Randall J, Johnson T, Elliott P, Rybin D, Henneman P, Dehghan A, Hottenga JJ, Song K, Goel A, Egan JM, Lajunen T, Doney A, Voight BF, Kanoni S, Cavalcanti Proença C, Kumari M, Timpson NJ, Zabena C, Ingelsson E, An P, O'Connell J, Luan J, Elliott A, Roccasecca RM, Pattou F, Sethupathy P, Ariyurek Y, Barter P, Beilby JP, Ben Shlomo Y, Bergmann S, Bochud M, Bonnefond A, Borch Johnsen K, Böttcher Y, Brunner E, Bumpstead SJ, Chen YD, Chines P, Clarke R, Coin LJ, Cooper MN, Crisponi L, Day IN, de Geus EJ, Delplanque J, Fedson AC, Fischer Rosinsky A, Forouhi NG, Frants R, Franzosi MG, Galan P, Goodarzi MO, Graessler J, Grundy S, Gwilliam R, Hallmans G, Hammond N, Han X, Hartikainen AL, Hayward C, Heath SC, Hercberg S, Hicks AA, Hillman DR, Hingorani AD, Hui J, Hung J, Jula A, Kaakinen M, Kaprio J, Kesaniemi YA, Kivimaki M, Knight B, Koskinen S, Kovacs P, Kyvik KO, Lathrop GM, Lawlor DA, Le Bacquer O, Lecoeur C, Li Y, Mahley R, Mangino M, Manning AK, Martínez Larrad MT, McAteer JB, McPherson R, Meisinger C, Melzer D, Meyre D, Mitchell BD, Mukherjee S, Naitza S, Neville MJ, Oostra BA, Orrù M, Pakyz R, Pattaro C, Pearson D, Peden JF, Pedersen NL, Perola M, Pfeiffer AF, Pichler I, Polasek O, Posthuma D, Potter SC, Pouta A, Province MA, Psaty BM, Rice K, Ripatti S, Rivadeneira F, Rolandsson O, Sandbaek A, Sandhu M, Sanna S, Sayer AA, Scheet P, Seedorf U, Sharp SJ, Shields B, Sigurðsson G, Sijbrands EJ, Silveira A, Simpson L, Singleton A, Smith NL, Sovio U, Swift A, Syddall H, Syvänen AC, Tanaka T, Tönjes A, Uitterlinden AG, van Dijk KW, Varma D, Visvikis Siest S, Vitart V, Vogelzangs N, Waeber G, Wagner PJ, Walley A, Ward KL, Watkins H, Wild SH, Willemsen G, Witteman JC, Yarnell JW, Zelenika D, Zethelius B, Zhai G, Zhao JH, Zillikens MC, Borecki IB, Loos RJ, Meneton P, Magnusson PK, Nathan DM, Williams GH, Silander K, Salomaa V, Smith GD, Bornstein SR, Schwarz P, Spranger J, Karpe F, Shuldiner AR, Cooper C, Dedoussis GV, Serrano Ríos M, Lind L, Palmer LJ, Franks PW, Ebrahim S, Marmot M, Wright AF, Stumvoll M, Hamsten A, Buchanan TA, Valle TT, Rotter JI, Siscovick DS, Penninx BW, Boomsma DI, Deloukas P, Spector TD, Ferrucci L, Cao A, Scuteri A, Schlessinger D, Uda M, Ruokonen A, Jarvelin MR, Waterworth DM, Vollenweider P, Peltonen L, Mooser V, Barroso I., PAOLISSO, Giuseppe, Zhu, H, Shyh Chang, N, Segrè, Av, Shinoda, G, Shah, Sp, Einhorn, W, Takeuchi, A, Engreitz, Jm, Hagan, Jp, Kharas, Mg, Urbach, A, Thornton, Je, Triboulet, R, Gregory, Ri, Diagram, Consortium, Magic, Investigator, Altshuler, D, Voight BF, Daley G. Q., Scott, Lj, Steinthorsdottir, V, Morris, Ap, Dina, C, Welch, Rp, Zeggini, E, Huth, C, Aulchenko, Y, Thorleifsson, G, Mcculloch, Lj, Ferreira, T, Grallert, H, Amin, N, Wu, G, Willer, Cj, Raychaudhuri, S, Mccarroll, Sa, Langenberg, C, Hofmann, Om, Dupuis, J, Qi, L, van Hoek, M, Navarro, P, Ardlie, K, Balkau, B, Benediktsson, R, Bennett, Aj, Blagieva, R, Boerwinkle, E, Bonnycastle, Ll, Boström, Kb, Bravenboer, B, Bumpstead, S, Burtt, Np, Charpentier, G, Chines, P, Cornelis, M, Couper, Dj, Crawford, G, Doney, A, Elliott, K, Elliott, Al, Erdos, Mr, Fox, C, Franklin, C, Ganser, M, Gieger, C, Grarup, N, Green, T, Griffin, S, Groves, Cj, Guiducci, C, Hadjadj, S, Hassanali, N, Herder, C, Isomaa, B, Jackson, Au, Johnson, Pr, Jørgensen, T, Kao, Wh, Klopp, N, Kong, A, Kraft, P, Kuusisto, J, Lauritzen, T, Li, M, Lieverse, A, Lindgren, Cm, Lyssenko, V, Marre, M, Meitinger, T, Midthjell, K, Morken, Ma, Narisu, N, Nilsson, P, Owen, Kr, Payne, F, Perry, Jr, Petersen, Ak, Platou, C, Proença, C, Prokopenko, I, Rathmann, W, Rayner, Nw, Robertson, Nr, Rocheleau, G, Roden, M, Sampson, Mj, Saxena, R, Shields, Bm, Shrader, P, Sigurdsson, G, Sparsø, T, Strassburger, K, Stringham, Hm, Sun, Q, Swift, Aj, Thorand, B, Tichet, J, Tuomi, T, van Dam, Rm, van Haeften, Tw, van Herpt, T, van Vliet Ostaptchouk, Jv, Walters, Gb, Weedon, Mn, Wijmenga, C, Witteman, J, Bergman, Rn, Cauchi, S, Collins, F, Gloyn, Al, Gyllensten, U, Hansen, T, Hide, Wa, Hitman, Ga, Hofman, A, Hunter, Dj, Hveem, K, Laakso, M, Mohlke, Kl, Morris, Ad, Palmer, Cn, Pramstaller, Pp, Rudan, I, Sijbrands, E, Stein, Ld, Tuomilehto, J, Uitterlinden, A, Walker, M, Wareham, Nj, Watanabe, Rm, Abecasis, Gr, Boehm, Bo, Campbell, H, Daly, Mj, Hattersley, At, Hu, Fb, Meigs, Jb, Pankow, J, Pedersen, O, Wichmann, He, Barroso, I, Florez, Jc, Frayling, Tm, Groop, L, Sladek, R, Thorsteinsdottir, U, Wilson, Jf, Illig, T, Froguel, P, van Duijn, Cm, Stefansson, K, Boehnke, M, Mccarthy, Mi, Soranzo, N, Wheeler, E, Glazer, Nl, Bouatia Naji, N, Mägi, R, Randall, J, Johnson, T, Elliott, P, Rybin, D, Henneman, P, Dehghan, A, Hottenga, Jj, Song, K, Goel, A, Egan, Jm, Lajunen, T, Voight, Bf, Kanoni, S, Cavalcanti Proença, C, Kumari, M, Timpson, Nj, Zabena, C, Ingelsson, E, An, P, O'Connell, J, Luan, J, Elliott, A, Roccasecca, Rm, Pattou, F, Sethupathy, P, Ariyurek, Y, Barter, P, Beilby, Jp, Ben Shlomo, Y, Bergmann, S, Bochud, M, Bonnefond, A, Borch Johnsen, K, Böttcher, Y, Brunner, E, Bumpstead, Sj, Chen, Yd, Clarke, R, Coin, Lj, Cooper, Mn, Crisponi, L, Day, In, de Geus, Ej, Delplanque, J, Fedson, Ac, Fischer Rosinsky, A, Forouhi, Ng, Frants, R, Franzosi, Mg, Galan, P, Goodarzi, Mo, Graessler, J, Grundy, S, Gwilliam, R, Hallmans, G, Hammond, N, Han, X, Hartikainen, Al, Hayward, C, Heath, Sc, Hercberg, S, Hicks, Aa, Hillman, Dr, Hingorani, Ad, Hui, J, Hung, J, Jula, A, Kaakinen, M, Kaprio, J, Kesaniemi, Ya, Kivimaki, M, Knight, B, Koskinen, S, Kovacs, P, Kyvik, Ko, Lathrop, Gm, Lawlor, Da, Le Bacquer, O, Lecoeur, C, Li, Y, Mahley, R, Mangino, M, Manning, Ak, Martínez Larrad, Mt, Mcateer, Jb, Mcpherson, R, Meisinger, C, Melzer, D, Meyre, D, Mitchell, Bd, Mukherjee, S, Naitza, S, Neville, Mj, Oostra, Ba, Orrù, M, Pakyz, R, Paolisso, Giuseppe, Pattaro, C, Pearson, D, Peden, Jf, Pedersen, Nl, Perola, M, Pfeiffer, Af, Pichler, I, Polasek, O, Posthuma, D, Potter, Sc, Pouta, A, Province, Ma, Psaty, Bm, Rice, K, Ripatti, S, Rivadeneira, F, Rolandsson, O, Sandbaek, A, Sandhu, M, Sanna, S, Sayer, Aa, Scheet, P, Seedorf, U, Sharp, Sj, Shields, B, Sigurðsson, G, Sijbrands, Ej, Silveira, A, Simpson, L, Singleton, A, Smith, Nl, Sovio, U, Swift, A, Syddall, H, Syvänen, Ac, Tanaka, T, Tönjes, A, Uitterlinden, Ag, van Dijk, Kw, Varma, D, Visvikis Siest, S, Vitart, V, Vogelzangs, N, Waeber, G, Wagner, Pj, Walley, A, Ward, Kl, Watkins, H, Wild, Sh, Willemsen, G, Witteman, Jc, Yarnell, Jw, Zelenika, D, Zethelius, B, Zhai, G, Zhao, Jh, Zillikens, Mc, Borecki, Ib, Loos, Rj, Meneton, P, Magnusson, Pk, Nathan, Dm, Williams, Gh, Silander, K, Salomaa, V, Smith, Gd, Bornstein, Sr, Schwarz, P, Spranger, J, Karpe, F, Shuldiner, Ar, Cooper, C, Dedoussis, Gv, Serrano Ríos, M, Lind, L, Palmer, Lj, Franks, Pw, Ebrahim, S, Marmot, M, Wright, Af, Stumvoll, M, Hamsten, A, Buchanan, Ta, Valle, Tt, Rotter, Ji, Siscovick, D, Penninx, Bw, Boomsma, Di, Deloukas, P, Spector, Td, Ferrucci, L, Cao, A, Scuteri, A, Schlessinger, D, Uda, M, Ruokonen, A, Jarvelin, Mr, Waterworth, Dm, Vollenweider, P, Peltonen, L, Mooser, V, and Barroso, I.
Published: 2011

14. Bayesian inference analyses of the polygenic architecture of rheumatoid arthritis

Author: Stahl, E. A., Wegmann, D., Trynka, G., Gutierrez Achury, J., Do, R., Voight, B. F., Kraft, P., Chen, R., Kallberg, H. J., F. A. S., Replication, D. G., Consortium, M. a., Genetics, M. I., Kathiresan, S., Wijmenga, C., Gregersen, P. K., Alfredsson, L., Siminovitch, K. A., Worthington, J., P. I. W., Raychaudhuri, S., Plenge, R. M., Voight, Bf, Scott, Lj, Steinthorsdottir, V, Morris, Ap, Dina, C, Welch, Rp, Zeggini, E, Huth, C, Aulchenko, Ys, Thorleifsson, G, Mcculloch, Lj, Ferreira, T, Grallert, H, Amin, N, Wu, G, Willer, Cj, Raychaudhuri, S, Mccarroll, Sa, Langenberg, C, Hofmann, Om, Dupuis, J, Qi, L, Segrè, Av, van Hoek, M, Navarro, P, Ardlie, K, Balkau, B, Benediktsson, R, Bennett, Aj, Blagieva, R, Boerwinkle, E, Bonnycastle, Ll, Boström, Kb, Bravenboer, B, Bumpstead, S, Burtt, Np, Charpentier, G, Chines, Ps, Cornelis, M, Couper, Dj, Crawford, G, Doney, As, Elliott, Ks, Elliott, Al, Erdos, Mr, Fox, Cs, Franklin, Cs, Ganser, M, Gieger, C, Grarup, N, Green, T, Griffin, S, Groves, Cj, Guiducci, C, Hadjadj, S, Hassanali, N, Herder, C, Isomaa, B, Jackson, Au, Johnson, Pr, Jørgensen, T, Kao, Wh, Klopp, N, Kong, A, Kraft, P, Kuusisto, J, Lauritzen, T, Li, M, Lieverse, A, Lindgren, Cm, Lyssenko, V, Marre, M, Meitinger, T, Midthjell, K, Morken, Ma, Narisu, N, Nilsson, P, Owen, Kr, Payne, F, Perry, Jr, Petersen, Ak, Platou, C, Proença, C, Prokopenko, I, Rathmann, W, Rayner, Nw, Robertson, Nr, Rocheleau, G, Roden, M, Sampson, Mj, Saxena, R, Shields, Bm, Shrader, P, Sigurdsson, G, Sparsø, T, Strassburger, K, Stringham, Hm, Sun, Q, Swift, Aj, Thorand, B, Tichet, J, Tuomi, T, van Dam RM, van Haeften TW, van Herpt, T, van Vliet Ostaptchouk JV, Walters, Gb, Weedon, Mn, Wijmenga, C, Witteman, J, Bergman, Rn, Cauchi, S, Collins, Fs, Gloyn, Al, Gyllensten, U, Hansen, T, Hide, Wa, Hitman, Ga, Hofman, A, Hunter, Dj, Hveem, K, Laakso, M, Mohlke, Kl, Morris, Ad, Palmer, Cn, Pramstaller, Pp, Rudan, I, Sijbrands, E, Stein, Ld, Tuomilehto, J, Uitterlinden, A, Walker, M, Wareham, Nj, Watanabe, Rm, Abecasis, Gr, Boehm, Bo, Campbell, H, Daly, Mj, Hattersley, At, Hu, Fb, Meigs, Jb, Pankow, Js, Pedersen, O, Wichmann, He, Barroso, I, Florez, Jc, Frayling, Tm, Groop, L, Sladek, R, Thorsteinsdottir, U, Wilson, Jf, Illig, T, Froguel, P, van Duijn CM, Stefansson, K, Altshuler, D, Boehnke, M, Mccarthy, Mi, Kathiresan, S, Williams, G, Nathan, Dm, Macrae, Ca, O'Donnell, Cj, Ardissino, D, Merlini, Pa, Berzuini, C, Bernardinelli, L, Peyvandi, F, Tubaro, M, Celli, P, Ferrario, M, Fetiveau, R, Marziliano, N, Casari, G, Galli, M, Ribichini, Flavio Luciano, Rossi, M, Bernardi, F, Zonzin, P, Piazza, A, Mannucci, Pm, Schwartz, Sm, Siscovick, Ds, Yee, J, Friedlander, Y, Elosua, R, Marrugat, J, Lucas, G, Subirana, I, Sala, J, Ramos, R, Salomaa, V, Havulinna, As, Peltonen, L, Melander, O, Berglund, G, Hirschhorn, Jn, Asselta, R, Duga, S, Spreafico, M, Musunuru, K, Purcell, S, Surti, A, Gianniny, L, Mirel, D, Parkin, M, Burtt, N, Gabriel, Sb, Stahl, Ea, Wegmann, D, Trynka, G, Gutierrez achury, J, Do, R, Voight, Bf, Kraft, P, Che, R, Kallberg, H, Kurreeman, F, Diabetes Genetics Replication And Meta analysis Consortium: Myocardial Infarction Genetics, Consortium, Casari, GIORGIO NEVIO, Kathiresan, S, Wijmenga, C, Gregersen, Pk, Alfredsson, L, Siminovitch, Ka, Worthington, J, De Bakker, Pi, Raychaudhuri, S, Plenge, Rm, and Groningen Institute for Gastro Intestinal Genetics and Immunology (3GI)
Subjects: Multifactorial Inheritance, SUSCEPTIBILITY LOCI, GENETIC SUSCEPTIBILITY, Genome-wide association study, Single-nucleotide polymorphism, Disease, HEART-DISEASE, Biology, VARIANTS, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Article, Arthritis, Rheumatoid, COMMON SNPS, Missing heritability problem, MISSING HERITABILITY, Rheumatoid, Genetic model, Genetic predisposition, Diabetes Mellitus, Humans, genetics, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Human height, Polymorphism, GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION, Arthritis, genetics, Bayes Theorem, Cardiovascular Diseases, genetics, Case-Control Studies, Celiac Disease, genetics, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, genetics, Genetic Loci, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Genome-Wide Association Study, Humans, Multifactorial Inheritance, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Genetics, CELIAC-DISEASE, Bayes Theorem, RISK LOCI, Genetic architecture, Celiac Disease, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Cardiovascular Diseases, Genetic Loci, Case-Control Studies, HUMAN HEIGHT, Genome-Wide Association Study
Abstract: The genetic architectures of common, complex diseases are largely uncharacterized. We modeled the genetic architecture underlying genome-wide association study (GWAS) data for rheumatoid arthritis and developed a new method using polygenic risk-score analyses to infer the total liability-scale variance explained by associated GWAS SNPs. Using this method, we estimated that, together, thousands of SNPs from rheumatoid arthritis GWAS explain an additional 20% of disease risk (excluding known associated loci). We further tested this method on datasets for three additional diseases and obtained comparable estimates for celiac disease (43% excluding the major histocompatibility complex), myocardial infarction and coronary artery disease (48%) and type 2 diabetes (49%). Our results are consistent with simulated genetic models in which hundreds of associated loci harbor common causal variants and a smaller number of loci harbor multiple rare causal variants. These analyses suggest that GWAS will continue to be highly productive for the discovery of additional susceptibility loci for common diseases.
Published: 2012

15. Genome-wide association identifies nine common variants associated with fasting proinsulin levels and provides new insights into the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes

Author: Strawbridge, Rj, Dupuis, J, Prokopenko, I, Barker, A, Ahlqvist, E, Rybin, D, Petrie, Jr, Travers, Me, Bouatia Naji, N, Dimas, As, Nica, A, Wheeler, E, Chen, H, Voight, Bf, Taneera, J, Kanoni, S, Peden, Jf, Turrini, F, Gustafsson, S, Zabena, C, Almgren, P, Barker, Dj, Barnes, D, Dennison, Em, Eriksson, Jg, Eriksson, P, Eury, E, Folkersen, L, Fox, Cs, Frayling, Tm, Goel, A, Gu, Hf, Horikoshi, M, Isomaa, B, Jackson, Au, Jameson, Ka, Kajantie, E, Kerr Conte, J, Kuulasmaa, T, Kuusisto, J, Loos, Rj, Luan, J, Makrilakis, K, Manning, Ak, Martínez Larrad MT, Narisu, N, Nastase Mannila, M, Ohrvik, J, Osmond, C, Pascoe, L, Payne, F, Sayer, Aa, Sennblad, B, Silveira, A, Stancáková, A, Stirrups, K, Swift, Aj, Syvänen, Ac, Tuomi, T, van 't Hooft FM, Walker, M, Weedon, Mn, Xie, W, Zethelius, B, Diagram, Consortium, Giant, Consortium, Muther, Consortium, Cardiogram, Consortium, C4d, Consortium, Ongen, H, Mälarstig, A, Hopewell, Jc, Saleheen, D, Chambers, J, Parish, S, Danesh, J, Kooner, J, Ostenson, Cg, Lind, L, Cooper, Cc, Serrano Ríos, M, Ferrannini, E, Forsen, Tj, Clarke, R, Franzosi, Mg, Seedorf, U, Watkins, H, Froguel, P, Johnson, P, Deloukas, P, Collins, Fs, Laakso, M, Dermitzakis, Et, Boehnke, M, Mccarthy, Mi, Wareham, Nj, Groop, L, Pattou, F, Gloyn, Al, Dedoussis, Gv, Lyssenko, V, Meigs, Jb, Barroso, I, Watanabe, Rm, Ingelsson, E, Langenberg, C, Hamsten, A, Voight BF, Florez J. C., Scott, Lj, Steinthorsdottir, V, Morris, Ap, Dina, C, Welch, Rp, Zeggini, E, Huth, C, Aulchenko, Ys, Thorleifsson, G, Mcculloch, Lj, Ferreira, T, Grallert, H, Amin, N, Wu, G, Willer, Cj, Raychaudhuri, S, Mccarroll, Sa, Hofmann, Om, Qi, L, Segrè, Av, van Hoek, M, Navarro, P, Ardlie, K, Balkau, B, Benediktsson, R, Bennett, Aj, Blagieva, R, Boerwinkle, E, Bonnycastle, Ll, Bengtsson Boström, K, Bravenboer, B, Bumpstead, S, Burtt, P, Charpentier, G, Chines, Ps, Cornelis, M, Couper, Dj, Crawford, G, Doney, As, Elliott, Ks, Elliott, Al, Erdos, Mr, Franklin, Cs, Gieger, C, Grarup, N, Green, T, Griffin, S, Groves, Cj, Guiducci, C, Hadjadj, S, Hassanali, N, Herder, C, Johnson, Pr, Jørgensen, T, Kao, Wh, Klopp, N, Kong, A, Kraft, P, Lauritzen, T, Li, M, Lieverse, A, Lindgren, Cm, Marre, M, Meitinger, T, Midthjell, K, Morken, Ma, Nilsson, P, Owen, Kr, Perry, Jr, Petersen, K, Platou, C, Proença, C, Rathmann, W, William Rayner, N, Robertson, Nr, Rocheleau, G, Roden, M, Sampson, Mj, Saxena, R, Shields, Bm, Shrader, P, Sigurdsson, G, Sparsø, T, Strassburger, K, Stringham, Hm, Sun, Q, Thorand, B, Tichet, J, van Dam RM, van Haeften TW, van Herpt, T, van Vliet JV, Bragi Walters, G, Wijmenga, C, Witteman, J, Bergman, Rn, Cauchi, S, Gyllensten, U, Hansen, T, Hide, Wa, Hitman, Ga, Hofman, A, Hunter, Dj, Hveem, K, Mohlke, Kl, Morris, Ad, Palmer, Cn, Pramstaller, Pp, Rudan, I, Sijbrands, E, Stein, Ld, Tuomilehto, J, Uitterlinden, A, Abecasis, Gr, Boehm, Bo, Campbell, H, Daly, Mj, Hattersley, At, Hu, Fb, Pankow, Js, Pedersen, O, Wichmann, E, Florez, Jc, Sladek, R, Thorsteinsdottir, U, Wilson, Jf, Illig, T, Stefansson, K, Altshuler, D, Speliotes, Ek, Berndt, Si, Monda, Kl, Allen, Hl, Mägi, R, Randall, Jc, Vedantam, S, Winkler, Tw, Workalemahu, T, Heid, Im, Wood, Ar, Weyant, Rj, Estrada, K, Liang, L, Nemesh, J, Park, Jh, Kilpeläinen, To, Yang, J, Esko, T, Feitosa, Mf, Kutalik, Z, Mangino, M, Scherag, A, Smith, Av, Welch, R, Zhao, Jh, Aben, Kk, Absher, Dm, Dixon, Al, Fisher, E, Glazer, Nl, Goddard, Me, Heard Costa NL, Hoesel, V, Hottenga, Jj, Johansson, Å, Johnson, T, Ketkar, S, Lamina, C, Li, S, Moffatt, Mf, Myers, Rh, Peters, Mj, Preuss, M, Ripatti, S, Rivadeneira, F, Sandholt, C, Timpson, Nj, Tyrer, Jp, van Wingerden, S, White, Cc, Wiklund, F, Barlassina, C, Chasman, Di, Cooper, Mn, Jansson, Jo, Lawrence, Rw, Pellikka, N, Shi, J, Thiering, E, Alavere, H, Alibrandi, Mt, Arnold, Am, Aspelund, T, Atwood, Ld, Balmforth, Aj, Ben Shlomo, Y, Bergmann, S, Biebermann, H, Blakemore, Ai, Boes, T, Bornstein, Sr, Brown, Mj, Buchanan, Ta, Busonero, F, Cappuccio, Fp, Cavalcanti Proença, C, Ida Chen YD, Chen, Cm, Coin, L, Connell, J, Day, In, den Heijer, M, Duan, J, Ebrahim, S, Elliott, P, Elosua, R, Eiriksdottir, G, Facheris, Mf, Felix, Sb, Fischer Posovszky, P, Folsom, Ar, Friedrich, N, Freimer, Nb, Fu, M, Gaget, S, Gejman, Pv, Geus, Ej, Gjesing, Ap, Goyette, P, Grässler, J, Greenawalt, Dm, Gudnason, V, Hartikainen, Al, Hall, As, Havulinna, As, Hayward, C, Heath, Ac, Hengstenberg, C, Hicks, Aa, Hinney, A, Homuth, G, Hui, J, Igl, W, Iribarren, C, Jacobs, Kb, Jarick, I, Jewell, E, John, U, Jousilahti, P, Jula, A, Kaakinen, M, Kaplan, Lm, Kathiresan, S, Kettunen, J, Kinnunen, L, Knowles, Jw, Kolcic, I, König, Ir, Koskinen, S, Kovacs, P, Kvaløy, K, Laitinen, J, Lantieri, O, Lanzani, C, Launer, Lj, Lecoeur, C, Terho, L, Lettre, G, Liu, J, Lokki, Ml, Lorentzon, M, Luben, Rn, Ludwig, B, Magic, Manunta, P, Marek, D, Martin, Ng, Mcardle, Wl, Mccarthy, A, Mcknight, B, Melander, O, Meyre, D, Montgomery, Gw, Mulic, R, Ngwa, Js, Nelis, M, Neville, Mj, Nyholt, Dr, O'Donnell, Cj, O'Rahilly, S, Ong, Kk, Oostra, B, Paré, G, Parker, An, Perola, M, Pichler, I, Pietiläinen, Kh, Platou, Cg, Polasek, O, Pouta, A, Rafelt, S, Raitakari, O, Rayner, Nw, Ridderstråle, M, Rief, W, Ruokonen, A, Rzehak, P, Salomaa, V, Sanders, Ar, Sandhu, Ms, Sanna, S, Saramies, J, Savolainen, Mj, Scherag, S, Schipf, S, Schreiber, S, Schunkert, H, Silander, K, Sinisalo, J, Siscovick, Ds, Smit, Jh, Soranzo, N, Sovio, U, Stephens, J, Surakka, I, Tammesoo, Ml, Tardif, Jc, Teder Laving, M, Teslovich, Tm, Thompson, Jr, Thomson, B, Tönjes, A, van Meurs JB, van Ommen GJ, Vatin, V, Viikari, J, Visvikis Siest, S, Vitart, V, Vogel, Ci, Waite, Ll, Wallaschofski, H, Walters, Gb, Widen, E, Wiegand, S, Wild, Sh, Willemsen, G, Witte, Dr, Witteman, Jc, Xu, J, Zhang, Q, Zgaga, L, Ziegler, A, Zitting, P, Beilby, Jp, Farooqi, Is, Hebebrand, J, Huikuri, Hv, James, Al, Kähönen, M, Levinson, Df, Macciardi, F, Nieminen, Ms, Ohlsson, C, Palmer, Lj, Ridker, Pm, Stumvoll, M, Beckmann, Js, Boeing, H, Dorret, I. B., Caulfield, Mj, Chanock, Sj, Cupples, La, Smith, Gd, Erdmann, J, Grönberg, H, Hall, P, Harris, Tb, Hayes, Rb, Heinrich, J, Jarvelin, Mr, Kaprio, J, Karpe, F, Khaw, Kt, Kiemeney, La, Krude, H, Lawlor, Da, Metspalu, A, Munroe, Pb, Ouwehand, Wh, Penninx, Bw, Peters, A, Quertermous, T, Reinehr, T, Rissanen, A, Samani, Nj, Schwarz, Pe, Shuldiner, Ar, Spector, Td, Uda, M, Valle, Tt, Wabitsch, M, Waeber, G, Shaun, P, Eric, E. S., Peter, M. V., Assimes, Tl, Borecki, Ib, Groop, Lc, Haritunians, T, Kaplan, Rc, O'Connell, Jr, Peltonen, L, Schlessinger, D, Strachan, Dp, van Duijn CM, Barroso, H, North, Ke, Hirschhorn, Jn, Nica, Ac, Parts, L, Glass, D, Nisbet, J, Barrett, A, Sekowska, M, Travers, M, Potter, S, Grundberg, E, Small, K, Hedman, Åk, Bataille, V, Bell, Jt, Surdulescu, G, Ingle, C, Nestle, Fo, di Meglio, P, Min, Jl, Wilk, A, Hammond, Cj, Yang, Tp, Montgomery, Sb, Zondervan, Kt, Durbin, R, Ahmadi, K, Reilly, Mp, Holm, H, Stewart, Af, Barbalic, M, Absher, D, Aherrahrou, Z, Allayee, H, Anand, Ss, Andersen, K, Anderson, Jl, Ardissino, D, Ball, Sg, Barnes, Ta, Becker, Dm, Becker, Lc, Berger, K, Bis, Jc, Boekholdt, Sm, Braund, Ps, Burnett, Ms, Buysschaert, I, Cardiogenics, Carlquist, Jf, Chen, L, Cichon, S, Codd, V, Davies, Rw, Dedoussis, G, Dehghan, A, Demissie, S, Devaney, Jm, Diemert, P, Do, R, Doering, A, Eifert, S, El Mokhtari NE, Ellis, Sg, Engert, Jc, Epstein, Se, de Faire, U, Fischer, M, Freyer, J, Gigante, B, Girelli, Domenico, Gretarsdottir, S, Gulcher, Jr, Halperin, E, Hammond, N, Hazen, Sl, Horne, Bd, Jones, Gt, Jukema, Jw, Kaiser, Ma, Kastelein, Jj, Kolovou, G, Laaksonen, R, Lambrechts, D, Leander, K, Lieb, W, Loley, C, Lotery, Aj, Mannucci, Pm, Maouche, S, Martinelli, Nicola, Mckeown, Pp, Meisinger, C, Merlini, Pa, Mooser, V, Morgan, T, Mühleisen, Tw, Muhlestein, Jb, Münzel, T, Musunuru, K, Nahrstaedt, J, Nelson, Cp, Nöthen, Mm, Olivieri, Oliviero, Patel, Rs, Patterson, Cc, Peyvandi, F, Qu, L, Quyyumi, Aa, Rader, Dj, Rallidis, Ls, Rice, C, Rosendaal, Fr, Rubin, D, Sampietro, Ml, Schadt, E, Schäfer, A, Schillert, A, Schrezenmeir, J, Schwartz, Sm, Sivananthan, M, Sivapalaratnam, S, Smith, A, Smith, Tb, Snoep, Jd, Spertus, Ja, Stark, K, Stoll, M, Tang, Wh, Tennstedt, S, Thorgeirsson, G, Tomaszewski, M, Uitterlinden, Ag, van Rij AM, Wells, Ga, Wichmann, He, Wild, Ps, Willenborg, C, Wright, Bj, Ye, S, Zeller, T, Cambien, F, Goodall, Ah, März, W, Blankenberg, S, Roberts, R, Mcpherson, R, Nilesh, J. S., Medical Research Council (MRC), Nica, Alexandra, Ongen, Halit, Dermitzakis, Emmanouil, ACS - Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Cardiology, Vascular Medicine, Biological Psychology, EMGO+ - Lifestyle, Overweight and Diabetes, Scherag, Andre (Beitragende*r), Hinney, Anke (Beitragende*r), Scherag, S. (Beitragende*r), Vogel, C (Beitragende*r), Hebebrand, Johannes (Beitragende*r), University of Groningen, Wheeler, Eleanor [0000-0002-8616-6444], Barnes, Daniel [0000-0002-3781-7570], Luan, Jian'an [0000-0003-3137-6337], Johnson, Kathleen [0000-0002-6823-3252], Danesh, John [0000-0003-1158-6791], Wareham, Nicholas [0000-0003-1422-2993], Barroso, Ines [0000-0001-5800-4520], Langenberg, Claudia [0000-0002-5017-7344], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Subjects: Male, Netherlands Twin Register (NTR), endocrine system diseases, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, medicine.medical_treatment, Medizin, Genome-wide association study, Type 2 diabetes, CORONARY HEART-DISEASE, Fasting/blood, 0302 clinical medicine, Insulin, Glucose homeostasis, ddc:576.5, Genome-wide, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/blood/genetics/metabolism, CARDIoGRAM Consortium, POPULATION, Proinsulin, RISK, Genetics, 0303 health sciences, INSULIN SENSITIVITY, 11 Medical And Health Sciences, Fasting, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/genetics, OBESITY, Female, type 2 diabetes, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, hormones, hormone substitutes, and hormone antagonists, Insulin processing, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, endocrine system, ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM, SUSCEPTIBILITY LOCI, Genotype, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, DIAGRAM Consortium, Biology, C4D Consortium, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Molecular epidemiology [NCEBP 1], 03 medical and health sciences, Insulin resistance, BETA-CELL FUNCTION, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, Internal medicine, GIANT Consortium, Internal Medicine, medicine, Humans, METAANALYSIS, 030304 developmental biology, Science & Technology, Genome, Human, Hormonal regulation [IGMD 6], Genetic Variation, nutritional and metabolic diseases, proinsulin, medicine.disease, Proinsulin/blood, TCF7L2, Endocrinology, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, MuTHER Consortium, GLUCOSE-HOMEOSTASIS, Insulin/blood
Abstract: OBJECTIVE Proinsulin is a precursor of mature insulin and C-peptide. Higher circulating proinsulin levels are associated with impaired β-cell function, raised glucose levels, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Studies of the insulin processing pathway could provide new insights about T2D pathophysiology. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We have conducted a meta-analysis of genome-wide association tests of ∼2.5 million genotyped or imputed single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and fasting proinsulin levels in 10,701 nondiabetic adults of European ancestry, with follow-up of 23 loci in up to 16,378 individuals, using additive genetic models adjusted for age, sex, fasting insulin, and study-specific covariates. RESULTS Nine SNPs at eight loci were associated with proinsulin levels (P < 5 × 10−8). Two loci (LARP6 and SGSM2) have not been previously related to metabolic traits, one (MADD) has been associated with fasting glucose, one (PCSK1) has been implicated in obesity, and four (TCF7L2, SLC30A8, VPS13C/C2CD4A/B, and ARAP1, formerly CENTD2) increase T2D risk. The proinsulin-raising allele of ARAP1 was associated with a lower fasting glucose (P = 1.7 × 10−4), improved β-cell function (P = 1.1 × 10−5), and lower risk of T2D (odds ratio 0.88; P = 7.8 × 10−6). Notably, PCSK1 encodes the protein prohormone convertase 1/3, the first enzyme in the insulin processing pathway. A genotype score composed of the nine proinsulin-raising alleles was not associated with coronary disease in two large case-control datasets. CONCLUSIONS We have identified nine genetic variants associated with fasting proinsulin. Our findings illuminate the biology underlying glucose homeostasis and T2D development in humans and argue against a direct role of proinsulin in coronary artery disease pathogenesis.
Published: 2011

16. Genome-wide detection and characterization of positive selection in human populations

Author: Sabeti, PC, Varilly, P, Fry, B, Lohmueller, J, Hostetter, E, Cotsapas, C, Xie, X, Byrne, EH, McCarroll, SA, Gaudet, R, Schaffner, SF, Lander, ES, Frazer, KA, Ballinger, DG, Cox, DR, Hinds, DA, Stuve, LL, Gibbs, RA, Belmont, JW, Boudreau, A, Hardenbol, P, Leal, SM, Pasternak, S, Wheeler, DA, Willis, TD, Yu, F, Yang, H, Zeng, C, Gao, Y, Hu, H, Hu, W, Li, C, Lin, W, Liu, S, Pan, H, Tang, X, Wang, J, Wang, W, Yu, J, Zhang, B, Zhang, Q, Zhao, H, Zhou, J, Gabriel, SB, Barry, R, Blumenstiel, B, Camargo, A, Defelice, M, Faggart, M, Goyette, M, Gupta, S, Moore, J, Nguyen, H, Onofrio, RC, Parkin, M, Roy, J, Stahl, E, Winchester, E, Ziaugra, L, Altshuler, D, Shen, Y, Yao, Z, Huang, W, Chu, X, He, Y, Jin, L, Liu, Y, Sun, W, Wang, H, Wang, Y, Xiong, X, Xu, L, Waye, MM, Tsui, SK, Xue, H, Wong, JT, Galver, LM, Fan, JB, Gunderson, K, Murray, SS, Oliphant, AR, Chee, MS, Montpetit, A, Chagnon, F, Ferretti, V, Leboeuf, M, Olivier, JF, Phillips, MS, Roumy, S, Sallée, C, Verner, A, Hudson, TJ, Kwok, PY, Cai, D, Koboldt, DC, Miller, RD, Pawlikowska, L, Taillon-Miller, P, Xiao, M, Tsui, LC, Mak, W, Song, YQ, Tam, PK, Nakamura, Y, Kawaguchi, T, Kitamoto, T, Morizono, T, Nagashima, A, Ohnishi, Y, Sekine, A, Tanaka, T, Tsunoda, T, Deloukas, P, Bird, CP, Delgado, M, Dermitzakis, ET, Gwilliam, R, Hunt, S, Morrison, J, Powell, D, Stranger, BE, Whittaker, P, Bentley, DR, Daly, MJ, de Bakker, PI, Barrett, J, Chretien, YR, Maller, J, McCarroll, S, Patterson, N, Pe'er, I, Price, A, Purcell, S, Richter, DJ, Sabeti, P, Saxena, R, Sham, PC, Stein, LD, Krishnan, L, Smith, AV, Tello-Ruiz, MK, Thorisson, GA, Chakravarti, A, Chen, PE, Cutler, DJ, Kashuk, CS, Lin, S, Abecasis, GR, Guan, W, Li, Y, Munro, HM, Qin, ZS, Thomas, DJ, McVean, G, Auton, A, Bottolo, L, Cardin, N, Eyheramendy, S, Freeman, C, Marchini, J, Myers, S, Spencer, C, Stephens, M, Donnelly, P, Cardon, LR, Clarke, G, Evans, DM, Morris, AP, Weir, BS, Johnson, TA, Mullikin, JC, Sherry, ST, Feolo, M, Skol, A, Zhang, H, Matsuda, I, Fukushima, Y, Macer, DR, Suda, E, Rotimi, CN, Adebamowo, CA, Ajayi, I, Aniagwu, T, Marshall, PA, Nkwodimmah, C, Royal, CD, Leppert, MF, Dixon, M, Peiffer, A, Qiu, R, Kent, A, Kato, K, Niikawa, N, Adewole, IF, Knoppers, BM, Foster, MW, Clayton, EW, Watkin, J, Muzny, D, Nazareth, L, Sodergren, E, Weinstock, GM, Yakub, I, Birren, BW, Wilson, RK, Fulton, LL, Rogers, J, Burton, J, Carter, NP, Clee, CM, Griffiths, M, Jones, MC, McLay, K, Plumb, RW, Ross, MT, Sims, SK, Willey, DL, Chen, Z, Han, H, Kang, L, Godbout, M, Wallenburg, JC, L'Archevêque, P, Bellemare, G, Saeki, K, An, D, Fu, H, Li, Q, Wang, Z, Wang, R, Holden, AL, Brooks, LD, McEwen, JE, Guyer, MS, Wang, VO, Peterson, JL, Shi, M, Spiegel, J, Sung, LM, Zacharia, LF, Collins, FS, Kennedy, K, Jamieson, R, and Stewart, J
Subjects: Models, Molecular, Population, Single-nucleotide polymorphism, Human genetic variation, Biology, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Article, Antiporters, Gene Frequency, Humans, International HapMap Project, Selection, Genetic, education, Selection (genetic algorithm), Genetics, education.field_of_study, Multidisciplinary, Natural selection, Geography, Edar Receptor, Genome, Human, Haplotype, Regional Index: Eurasia, Protein Structure, Tertiary, Europe, Genetics, Population, Haplotypes, Human genome
Abstract: With the advent of dense maps of human genetic variation, it is now possible to detect positive natural selection across the human genome. Here we report an analysis of over 3 million polymorphisms from the International HapMap Project Phase 2 (HapMap2). We used 'long-range haplotype' methods, which were developed to identify alleles segregating in a population that have undergone recent selection, and we also developed new methods that are based on cross-population comparisons to discover alleles that have swept to near-fixation within a population. The analysis reveals more than 300 strong candidate regions. Focusing on the strongest 22 regions, we develop a heuristic for scrutinizing these regions to identify candidate targets of selection. In a complementary analysis, we identify 26 non-synonymous, coding, single nucleotide polymorphisms showing regional evidence of positive selection. Examination of these candidates highlights three cases in which two genes in a common biological process have apparently undergone positive selection in the same population:LARGE and DMD, both related to infection by the Lassa virus, in West Africa;SLC24A5 and SLC45A2, both involved in skin pigmentation, in Europe; and EDAR and EDA2R, both involved in development of hair follicles, in Asia. ©2007 Nature Publishing Group., link_to_OA_fulltext
Published: 2007

17. International network of cancer genome projects

Author: Hudson, TJ, Anderson, W, Aretz, A, Barker, AD, Bell, C, Bernabe, RR, Bhan, MK, Calvo, F, Eerola, I, Gerhard, DS, Guttmacher, A, Guyer, M, Hemsley, FM, Jennings, JL, Kerr, D, Klatt, P, Kolar, P, Kusuda, J, Lane, DP, Laplace, F, Lu, Y, Nettekoven, G, Ozenberger, B, Peterson, J, Rao, TS, Remacle, J, Schafer, AJ, Shibata, T, Stratton, MR, Vockley, JG, Watanabe, K, Yang, H, Yuen, MMF, Knoppers, M, Bobrow, M, Cambon-Thomsen, A, Dressler, LG, Dyke, SOM, Joly, Y, Kato, K, Kennedy, KL, Nicolas, P, Parker, MJ, Rial-Sebbag, E, Romeo-Casabona, CM, Shaw, KM, Wallace, S, Wiesner, GL, Zeps, N, Lichter, P, Biankin, AV, Chabannon, C, Chin, L, Clement, B, de Alava, E, Degos, F, Ferguson, ML, Geary, P, Hayes, DN, Johns, AL, Nakagawa, H, Penny, R, Piris, MA, Sarin, R, Scarpa, A, van de Vijver, M, Futreal, PA, Aburatani, H, Bayes, M, Bowtell, DDL, Campbell, PJ, Estivill, X, Grimmond, SM, Gut, I, Hirst, M, Lopez-Otin, C, Majumder, P, Marra, M, Ning, Z, Puente, XS, Ruan, Y, Stunnenberg, HG, Swerdlow, H, Velculescu, VE, Wilson, RK, Xue, HH, Yang, L, Spellman, PT, Bader, GD, Boutros, PC, Flicek, P, Getz, G, Guigo, R, Guo, G, Haussler, D, Heath, S, Hubbard, TJ, Jiang, T, Jones, SM, Li, Q, Lopez-Bigas, N, Luo, R, Pearson, JV, Quesada, V, Raphael, BJ, Sander, C, Speed, TP, Stuart, JM, Teague, JW, Totoki, Y, Tsunoda, T, Valencia, A, Wheeler, DA, Wu, H, Zhao, S, Zhou, G, Stein, LD, Lathrop, M, Ouellette, BFF, Thomas, G, Yoshida, T, Axton, M, Gunter, C, McPherson, JD, Miller, LJ, Kasprzyk, A, Zhang, J, Haider, SA, Wang, J, Yung, CK, Cross, A, Liang, Y, Gnaneshan, S, Guberman, J, Hsu, J, Chalmers, DRC, Hasel, KW, Kaan, TSH, Knoppers, BM, Lowrance, WW, Masui, T, Rodriguez, LL, Vergely, C, Cloonan, N, Defazio, A, Eshleman, JR, Etemadmoghadam, D, Gardiner, BA, Kench, JG, Sutherland, RL, Tempero, MA, Waddell, NJ, Wilson, PJ, Gallinger, S, Tsao, M-S, Shaw, PA, Petersen, GM, Mukhopadhyay, D, DePinho, RA, Thayer, S, Muthuswamy, L, Shazand, K, Beck, T, Sam, M, Timms, L, Ballin, V, Ji, J, Zhang, X, Chen, F, Hu, X, Yang, Q, Tian, G, Zhang, L, Xing, X, Li, X, Zhu, Z, Yu, Y, Yu, J, Tost, J, Brennan, P, Holcatova, I, Zaridze, D, Brazma, A, Egevad, L, Prokhortchouk, E, Banks, RE, Uhlen, M, Viksna, J, Ponten, F, Skryabin, K, Birney, E, Borg, A, Borresen-Dale, A-L, Caldas, C, Foekens, JA, Martin, S, Reis-Filho, JS, Richardson, AL, Sotiriou, C, van't Veer, L, Birnbaum, D, Blanche, H, Boucher, P, Boyault, S, Masson-Jacquemier, JD, Pauporte, I, Pivot, X, Vincent-Salomon, A, Tabone, E, Theillet, C, Treilleux, I, Bioulac-Sage, P, Decaens, T, Franco, D, Gut, M, Samuel, D, Zucman-Rossi, J, Eils, R, Brors, B, Korbel, JO, Korshunov, A, Landgraf, P, Lehrach, H, Pfister, S, Radlwimmer, B, Reifenberger, G, Taylor, MD, von Kalle, C, Majumder, PP, Pederzoli, P, Lawlor, RT, Delledonne, M, Bardelli, A, Gress, T, Klimstra, D, Zamboni, G, Nakamura, Y, Miyano, S, Fujimoto, A, Campo, E, de Sanjose, S, Montserrat, E, Gonzalez-Diaz, M, Jares, P, Himmelbaue, H, Bea, S, Aparicio, S, Easton, DF, Collins, FS, Compton, CC, Lander, ES, Burke, W, Green, AR, Hamilton, SR, Kallioniemi, OP, Ley, TJ, Liu, ET, Wainwright, BJ, Hudson, TJ, Anderson, W, Aretz, A, Barker, AD, Bell, C, Bernabe, RR, Bhan, MK, Calvo, F, Eerola, I, Gerhard, DS, Guttmacher, A, Guyer, M, Hemsley, FM, Jennings, JL, Kerr, D, Klatt, P, Kolar, P, Kusuda, J, Lane, DP, Laplace, F, Lu, Y, Nettekoven, G, Ozenberger, B, Peterson, J, Rao, TS, Remacle, J, Schafer, AJ, Shibata, T, Stratton, MR, Vockley, JG, Watanabe, K, Yang, H, Yuen, MMF, Knoppers, M, Bobrow, M, Cambon-Thomsen, A, Dressler, LG, Dyke, SOM, Joly, Y, Kato, K, Kennedy, KL, Nicolas, P, Parker, MJ, Rial-Sebbag, E, Romeo-Casabona, CM, Shaw, KM, Wallace, S, Wiesner, GL, Zeps, N, Lichter, P, Biankin, AV, Chabannon, C, Chin, L, Clement, B, de Alava, E, Degos, F, Ferguson, ML, Geary, P, Hayes, DN, Johns, AL, Nakagawa, H, Penny, R, Piris, MA, Sarin, R, Scarpa, A, van de Vijver, M, Futreal, PA, Aburatani, H, Bayes, M, Bowtell, DDL, Campbell, PJ, Estivill, X, Grimmond, SM, Gut, I, Hirst, M, Lopez-Otin, C, Majumder, P, Marra, M, Ning, Z, Puente, XS, Ruan, Y, Stunnenberg, HG, Swerdlow, H, Velculescu, VE, Wilson, RK, Xue, HH, Yang, L, Spellman, PT, Bader, GD, Boutros, PC, Flicek, P, Getz, G, Guigo, R, Guo, G, Haussler, D, Heath, S, Hubbard, TJ, Jiang, T, Jones, SM, Li, Q, Lopez-Bigas, N, Luo, R, Pearson, JV, Quesada, V, Raphael, BJ, Sander, C, Speed, TP, Stuart, JM, Teague, JW, Totoki, Y, Tsunoda, T, Valencia, A, Wheeler, DA, Wu, H, Zhao, S, Zhou, G, Stein, LD, Lathrop, M, Ouellette, BFF, Thomas, G, Yoshida, T, Axton, M, Gunter, C, McPherson, JD, Miller, LJ, Kasprzyk, A, Zhang, J, Haider, SA, Wang, J, Yung, CK, Cross, A, Liang, Y, Gnaneshan, S, Guberman, J, Hsu, J, Chalmers, DRC, Hasel, KW, Kaan, TSH, Knoppers, BM, Lowrance, WW, Masui, T, Rodriguez, LL, Vergely, C, Cloonan, N, Defazio, A, Eshleman, JR, Etemadmoghadam, D, Gardiner, BA, Kench, JG, Sutherland, RL, Tempero, MA, Waddell, NJ, Wilson, PJ, Gallinger, S, Tsao, M-S, Shaw, PA, Petersen, GM, Mukhopadhyay, D, DePinho, RA, Thayer, S, Muthuswamy, L, Shazand, K, Beck, T, Sam, M, Timms, L, Ballin, V, Ji, J, Zhang, X, Chen, F, Hu, X, Yang, Q, Tian, G, Zhang, L, Xing, X, Li, X, Zhu, Z, Yu, Y, Yu, J, Tost, J, Brennan, P, Holcatova, I, Zaridze, D, Brazma, A, Egevad, L, Prokhortchouk, E, Banks, RE, Uhlen, M, Viksna, J, Ponten, F, Skryabin, K, Birney, E, Borg, A, Borresen-Dale, A-L, Caldas, C, Foekens, JA, Martin, S, Reis-Filho, JS, Richardson, AL, Sotiriou, C, van't Veer, L, Birnbaum, D, Blanche, H, Boucher, P, Boyault, S, Masson-Jacquemier, JD, Pauporte, I, Pivot, X, Vincent-Salomon, A, Tabone, E, Theillet, C, Treilleux, I, Bioulac-Sage, P, Decaens, T, Franco, D, Gut, M, Samuel, D, Zucman-Rossi, J, Eils, R, Brors, B, Korbel, JO, Korshunov, A, Landgraf, P, Lehrach, H, Pfister, S, Radlwimmer, B, Reifenberger, G, Taylor, MD, von Kalle, C, Majumder, PP, Pederzoli, P, Lawlor, RT, Delledonne, M, Bardelli, A, Gress, T, Klimstra, D, Zamboni, G, Nakamura, Y, Miyano, S, Fujimoto, A, Campo, E, de Sanjose, S, Montserrat, E, Gonzalez-Diaz, M, Jares, P, Himmelbaue, H, Bea, S, Aparicio, S, Easton, DF, Collins, FS, Compton, CC, Lander, ES, Burke, W, Green, AR, Hamilton, SR, Kallioniemi, OP, Ley, TJ, Liu, ET, and Wainwright, BJ
Abstract: The International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) was launched to coordinate large-scale cancer genome studies in tumours from 50 different cancer types and/or subtypes that are of clinical and societal importance across the globe. Systematic studies of more than 25,000 cancer genomes at the genomic, epigenomic and transcriptomic levels will reveal the repertoire of oncogenic mutations, uncover traces of the mutagenic influences, define clinically relevant subtypes for prognosis and therapeutic management, and enable the development of new cancer therapies.
Published: 2010

18. The International HapMap Project

Author: Gibbs, RA, Belmont, JW, Hardenbol, P., Willis, TD, Yu, FL, Yang, HM, Ch'ang, LY, Huang, W., Liu, B., Shen, Y., Tam, PKH, Foster, MW, Jasperse, M., Knoppers, BM, Kwok, PY, Licinio, J., Long, JC, Marshall, PA, Ossorio, PN, Wang, VO, Rotimi, CN, Tsui, LC, Royal, CDM, Spallone, P., Terry, SF, Lander, ES, Lai, EH, Nickerson, DA, Abecasis, GR, Altshuler, D., Bentley, DR, Boehnke, M., Waye, MMY, Cardon, LR, Daly, MJ, Deloukas, P., Douglas, JA, Gabriel, SB, Hudson, RR, Hudson, TJ, Kruglyak, L., Nakamura, Y., Wong, JTF, Nussbaum, RL, Schaffner, SF, Sherry, ST, Stein, LD, Tanaka, T., Zeng, CQ, Zhang, QR, Chee, MS, Galver, LM, Kruglyak, S., Murray, SS, Oliphant, AR, Montpetit, A., Chagnon, F., Ferretti, V., Leboeuf, M., Phillips, MS, Verner, A., Duan, SH, Lind, DL, Miller, RD, Rice, JP, Saccone, NL, Taillon-Miller, P., Xiao, M., Sekine, A., Sorimachi, K., Tanaka, Y., Tsunoda, T., Yoshino, E., Hunt, S., Powell, D., Qiu, RZ, Ken, A., Dunston, GM, Kato, K., Niikawa, N., Clayton, EW, Watkin, J., Sodergren, E., Weinstock, GM, Wilson, RK, Fulton, LL, Rogers, J., Birren, BW, Han, H., Wang, HG, Godbout, M., Wallenburg, JC, L'Archeveque, P., Bellemare, G., Todani, K., Fujita, T., Tanaka, S., Holden, AL, Collins, FS, Brooks, LD, McEwen, JE, Guyer, MS, Jordan, E., Peterson, JL, Spiegel, J., Sung, LM, Zacharia, LF, Kennedy, K., Dunn, MG, Seabrook, R., Shillito, M., Skene, B., Stewart, JG, Valle, DL, Jorde, LB, Chakravarti, A., Cho, MK, Duster, T., Gibbs, RA, Belmont, JW, Hardenbol, P., Willis, TD, Yu, FL, Yang, HM, Ch'ang, LY, Huang, W., Liu, B., Shen, Y., Tam, PKH, Foster, MW, Jasperse, M., Knoppers, BM, Kwok, PY, Licinio, J., Long, JC, Marshall, PA, Ossorio, PN, Wang, VO, Rotimi, CN, Tsui, LC, Royal, CDM, Spallone, P., Terry, SF, Lander, ES, Lai, EH, Nickerson, DA, Abecasis, GR, Altshuler, D., Bentley, DR, Boehnke, M., Waye, MMY, Cardon, LR, Daly, MJ, Deloukas, P., Douglas, JA, Gabriel, SB, Hudson, RR, Hudson, TJ, Kruglyak, L., Nakamura, Y., Wong, JTF, Nussbaum, RL, Schaffner, SF, Sherry, ST, Stein, LD, Tanaka, T., Zeng, CQ, Zhang, QR, Chee, MS, Galver, LM, Kruglyak, S., Murray, SS, Oliphant, AR, Montpetit, A., Chagnon, F., Ferretti, V., Leboeuf, M., Phillips, MS, Verner, A., Duan, SH, Lind, DL, Miller, RD, Rice, JP, Saccone, NL, Taillon-Miller, P., Xiao, M., Sekine, A., Sorimachi, K., Tanaka, Y., Tsunoda, T., Yoshino, E., Hunt, S., Powell, D., Qiu, RZ, Ken, A., Dunston, GM, Kato, K., Niikawa, N., Clayton, EW, Watkin, J., Sodergren, E., Weinstock, GM, Wilson, RK, Fulton, LL, Rogers, J., Birren, BW, Han, H., Wang, HG, Godbout, M., Wallenburg, JC, L'Archeveque, P., Bellemare, G., Todani, K., Fujita, T., Tanaka, S., Holden, AL, Collins, FS, Brooks, LD, McEwen, JE, Guyer, MS, Jordan, E., Peterson, JL, Spiegel, J., Sung, LM, Zacharia, LF, Kennedy, K., Dunn, MG, Seabrook, R., Shillito, M., Skene, B., Stewart, JG, Valle, DL, Jorde, LB, Chakravarti, A., Cho, MK, and Duster, T.
Published: 2003

19. Erratum: Corrigendum: Twelve type 2 diabetes susceptibility loci identified through large-scale association analysis

Author: Voight, BF, Scott, LJ, Steinthorsdottir, V, Morris, AP, Dina, C, Welch, RP, Zeggini, E, Huth, C, Aulchenko, YS, Thorleifsson, G, McCulloch, LJ, Ferreira, T, Grallert, H, Amin, N, Wu, G, Willer, CJ, Raychaudhuri, S, McCarroll, SA, Langenberg, C, Hofmann, OM, Dupuis, J, Qi, L, Segrè, AV, van Hoek, M, Navarro, P, Ardlie, K, Balkau, B, Benediktsson, R, Bennett, AJ, Blagieva, R, Boerwinkle, E, Bonnycastle, LL, Boström, KB, Bravenboer, B, Bumpstead, S, Burtt, NP, Charpentier, G, Chines, PS, Cornelis, M, Couper, DJ, Crawford, G, Doney, AS, Elliott, KS, Elliott, AL, Erdos, MR, Fox, CS, Franklin, CS, Ganser, M, Gieger, C, Grarup, N, Green, T, Griffin, S, Groves, CJ, Guiducci, C, Hadjadj, S, Hassanali, N, Herder, C, Isomaa, B, Jackson, AU, Johnson, PR, Jørgensen, T, Kao, WH, Klopp, N, Kong, A, Kraft, P, Kuusisto, J, Lauritzen, T, Li, M, Lieverse, A, Lindgren, CM, Lyssenko, V, Marre, M, Meitinger, T, Midthjell, K, Morken, MA, Narisu, N, Nilsson, P, Owen, KR, Payne, F, Perry, JR, Petersen, AK, Platou, C, Proença, C, Prokopenko, I, Rathmann, W, Rayner, NW, Robertson, NR, Rocheleau, G, Roden, M, Sampson, MJ, Saxena, R, Shields, BM, Shrader, P, Sigurdsson, G, Sparsø, T, Strassburger, K, Stringham, HM, Sun, Q, Swift, AJ, Thorand, B, Tichet, J, Tuomi, T, van Dam, RM, van Haeften, TW, van Herpt, T, van Vliet-Ostaptchouk, JV, Walters, GB, Weedon, MN, Wijmenga, C, Witteman, J, Bergman, RN, Cauchi, S, Collins, FS, Gloyn, AL, Gyllensten, U, Hansen, T, Hide, WA, Hitman, GA, Hofman, A, Hunter, DJ, Hveem, K, Laakso, M, Mohlke, KL, Morris, AD, Palmer, CN, Pramstaller, PP, Rudan, I, Sijbrands, E, Stein, LD, Tuomilehto, J, Uitterlinden, A, Walker, M, Wareham, NJ, Watanabe, RM, Abecasis, GR, Boehm, BO, Campbell, H, Daly, MJ, Hattersley, AT, Hu, FB, Meigs, JB, Pankow, JS, Pedersen, O, Wichmann, HE, Barroso, I, Florez, JC, Frayling, TM, Groop, L, Sladek, R, Thorsteinsdottir, U, Wilson, JF, Illig, T, Froguel, P, van Duijn, CM, Stefansson, K, Altshuler, D, Boehnke, M, and McCarthy, MI
Subjects: Genetics, Scale (ratio), medicine, Susceptibility locus, Type 2 diabetes, Biology, medicine.disease, Genetic association
Published: 2011

20. Long-term safety and efficacy of etanercept in children with polyarticular-course juvenile rheumatoid arthritis.

Author: Lovell DJ, Reiff A, Jones OY, Schneider R, Nocton J, Stein LD, Gedalia A, Ilowite NT, Wallace CA, Whitmore JB, White B, and Giannini EH
Abstract: OBJECTIVE: Previous studies showed that etanercept treatment in patients with polyarticular-course juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) provided rapid clinical improvement that was sustained for up to 2 years. The goal of our study was to provide data on safety and efficacy after 4 years of etanercept treatment in patients with JRA. METHODS: Patients with active polyarticular-course JRA who participated in an efficacy study continued etanercept treatment in an open-label extension. Safety was assessed by measuring rates of serious adverse events (SAEs) and serious infections. Efficacy was assessed using the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) Pediatric 30 criteria for improvement and standard measures of disease activity. (The ACR Pediatric 30 criteria are defined as improvement of >/=30% in at least 3 of 6 core response variables used to assess disease activity, with no more than 1 variable worsening by >/=30%.) RESULTS: Of the 69 patients who enrolled in the original efficacy study, 58 patients (84%) enrolled in the extension, 34 patients received etanercept treatment for >/=4 years, and 32 of these received complete efficacy assessments. The rate of SAEs was 0.13 per patient-year, and the rate of serious infections was 0.04 per patient-year, in a total etanercept exposure of 225 patient-years. Eighty-two percent of patients who received corticosteroids at any time during the extension were able to decrease their dosage to /=4 years, 94% achieved an ACR Pediatric 30 response and 78% achieved an ACR Pediatric 70 response at the last study visit. CONCLUSION: Etanercept offers an acceptable safety profile in children with polyarticular-course JRA and provides significant improvement in disease manifestations that are sustained for >/=4 years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2006
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21. The LabBase system for data management in large scale biology research laboratories.

Author: Goodman, N, Rozen, S, Stein, LD, and Smith, AG
Published: 1998
Full Text: View/download PDF

22. A Genome-Wide Association Search for Type 2 Diabetes Genes in African Americans

Author: Palmer, Nicholette D, McDonough, Caitrin W, Hicks, Pamela J, Roh, Bong H, Wing, Maria R, An, S Sandy, Hester, Jessica M, Cooke, Jessica N, Bostrom, Meredith A, Rudock, Megan E, Talbert, Matthew E, Lewis, Joshua P, DIAGRAM Consortium, MAGIC Investigators, Ferrara, Assiamira, Lu, Lingyi, Ziegler, Julie T, Sale, Michele M, Divers, Jasmin, Shriner, Daniel, Adeyemo, Adebowale, Rotimi, Charles N, Ng, Maggie CY, Langefeld, Carl D, Freedman, Barry I, Bowden, Donald W, Voight, Benjamin F, Scott, Laura J, Steinthorsdottir, Valgerdur, Morris, Andrew P, Dina, Christian, Welch, Ryan P, Zeggini, Eleftheria, Huth, Cornelia, Aulchenko, Yurii S, Thorleifsson, Gudmar, McCulloch, Laura J, Ferreira, Teresa, Grallert, Harald, Amin, Najaf, Wu, Guanming, Willer, Cristen J, Raychaudhuri, Soumya, McCarroll, Steve A, Langenberg, Claudia, Hofmann, Oliver M, Dupuis, Josée, Qi, Lu, Segrè, Ayellet V, Van Hoek, Mandy, Navarro, Pau, Ardlie, Kristin, Balkau, Beverley, Benediktsson, Rafn, Bennett, Amanda J, Blagieva, Roza, Boerwinkle, Eric, Bonnycastle, Lori L, Boström, Kristina Bengtsson, Bravenboer, Bert, Bumpstead, Suzannah, Burtt, Noël P, Charpentier, Guillaume, Chines, Peter S, Cornelis, Marilyn, Couper, David J, Crawford, Gabe, Doney, Alex SF, Elliott, Katherine S, Elliott, Amanda L, Erdos, Michael R, Fox, Caroline S, Franklin, Christopher S, Ganser, Martha, Gieger, Christian, Grarup, Niels, Green, Todd, Griffin, Simon, Groves, Christopher J, Guiducci, Candace, Hadjadj, Samy, Hassanali, Neelam, Herder, Christian, Isomaa, Bo, Jackson, Anne U, Johnson, Paul RV, Jørgensen, Torben, Kao, Wen HL, Klopp, Norman, Kong, Augustine, Kraft, Peter, Kuusisto, Johanna, Lauritzen, Torsten, Li, Man, Lieverse, Aloysius, Lindgren, Cecilia M, Lyssenko, Valeriya, Marre, Michel, Meitinger, Thomas, Midthjell, Kristian, Morken, Mario A, Narisu, Narisu, Nilsson, Peter, Owen, Katharine R, Payne, Felicity, Perry, John RB, Petersen, Ann-Kristin, Platou, Carl, Proença, Christine, Prokopenko, Inga, Rathmann, Wolfgang, Rayner, N William, Robertson, Neil R, Rocheleau, Ghislain, Roden, Michael, Sampson, Michael J, Saxena, Richa, Shields, Beverley M, Shrader, Peter, Sigurdsson, Gunnar, Sparsø, Thomas, Strassburger, Klaus, Stringham, Heather M, Sun, Qi, Swift, Amy J, Thorand, Barbara, Tichet, Jean, Tuomi, Tiinamaija, Van Dam, Rob M, Van Haeften, Timon W, Van Herpt, Thijs, Van Vliet-Ostaptchouk, Jana V, Walters, G Bragi, Weedon, Michael N, Wijmenga, Cisca, Witteman, Jacqueline, Bergman, Richard N, Cauchi, Stephane, Collins, Francis S, Gloyn, Anna L, Gyllensten, Ulf, Hansen, Torben, Hide, Winston A, Hitman, Graham A, Hofman, Albert, Hunter, David J, Hveem, Kristian, Laakso, Markku, Mohlke, Karen L, Morris, Andrew D, Palmer, Colin NA, Pramstaller, Peter P, Rudan, Igor, Sijbrands, Eric, Stein, Lincoln D, Tuomilehto, Jaakko, Uitterlinden, Andre, Walker, Mark, Wareham, Nicholas J, Watanabe, Richard M, Abecasis, Goncalo R, Boehm, Bernhard O, Campbell, Harry, Daly, Mark J, Hattersley, Andrew T, Hu, Frank B, Meigs, James B, Pankow, James S, Pedersen, Oluf, Wichmann, H-Erich, Barroso, Inês, Florez, Jose C, Frayling, Timothy M, Groop, Leif, Sladek, Rob, Thorsteinsdottir, Unnur, Wilson, James F, Illig, Thomas, Froguel, Philippe, Van Duijn, Cornelia M, Stefansson, Kari, Altshuler, David, Boehnke, Michael, McCarthy, Mark I, Soranzo, Nicole, Wheeler, Eleanor, Glazer, Nicole L, Bouatia-Naji, Nabila, Mägi, Reedik, Randall, Joshua, Johnson, Toby, Elliott, Paul, Rybin, Denis, Henneman, Peter, Dehghan, Abbas, Hottenga, Jouke Jan, Song, Kijoung, Goel, Anuj, Egan, Josephine M, Lajunen, Taina, Doney, Alex, Kanoni, Stavroula, Cavalcanti-Proença, Christine, Kumari, Meena, Timpson, Nicholas J, Zabena, Carina, Ingelsson, Erik, An, Ping, O'Connell, Jeffrey, Luan, Jian'an, Elliott, Amanda, McCarroll, Steven A, Roccasecca, Rosa Maria, Pattou, François, Sethupathy, Praveen, Ariyurek, Yavuz, Barter, Philip, Beilby, John P, Ben-Shlomo, Yoav, Bergmann, Sven, Bochud, Murielle, Bonnefond, Amélie, Borch-Johnsen, Knut, Böttcher, Yvonne, Brunner, Eric, Bumpstead, Suzannah J, Chen, Yii-Der Ida, Chines, Peter, Clarke, Robert, Coin, Lachlan JM, Cooper, Matthew N, Crisponi, Laura, Day, Ian NM, De Geus, Eco JC, Delplanque, Jerome, Fedson, Annette C, Fischer-Rosinsky, Antje, Forouhi, Nita G, Frants, Rune, Franzosi, Maria Grazia, Galan, Pilar, Goodarzi, Mark O, Graessler, Jürgen, Grundy, Scott, Gwilliam, Rhian, Hallmans, Göran, Hammond, Naomi, Han, Xijing, Hartikainen, Anna-Liisa, Hayward, Caroline, Heath, Simon C, Hercberg, Serge, Hicks, Andrew A, Hillman, David R, Hingorani, Aroon D, Hui, Jennie, Hung, Joe, Jula, Antti, Kaakinen, Marika, Kaprio, Jaakko, Kesaniemi, Y Antero, Kivimaki, Mika, Knight, Beatrice, Koskinen, Seppo, Kovacs, Peter, Kyvik, Kirsten Ohm, Lathrop, G Mark, Lawlor, Debbie A, Le Bacquer, Olivier, Lecoeur, Cécile, Li, Yun, Mahley, Robert, Mangino, Massimo, Manning, Alisa K, Martínez-Larrad, María Teresa, McAteer, Jarred B, McPherson, Ruth, Meisinger, Christa, Melzer, David, Meyre, David, Mitchell, Braxton D, Mukherjee, Sutapa, Naitza, Silvia, Neville, Matthew J, Oostra, Ben A, Orrù, Marco, Pakyz, Ruth, Paolisso, Giuseppe, Pattaro, Cristian, Pearson, Daniel, Peden, John F, Pedersen, Nancy L, Perola, Markus, Pfeiffer, Andreas FH, Pichler, Irene, Polasek, Ozren, Posthuma, Danielle, Potter, Simon C, Pouta, Anneli, Province, Michael A, Psaty, Bruce M, Rayner, Nigel W, Rice, Kenneth, Ripatti, Samuli, Rivadeneira, Fernando, Rolandsson, Olov, Sandbaek, Annelli, Sandhu, Manjinder, Sanna, Serena, Sayer, Avan Aihie, Scheet, Paul, Seedorf, Udo, Sharp, Stephen J, Shields, Beverley, Sijbrands, Eric JG, Silveira, Angela, Simpson, Laila, Singleton, Andrew, Smith, Nicholas L, Sovio, Ulla, Swift, Amy, Syddall, Holly, Syvänen, Ann-Christine, Tanaka, Toshiko, Tönjes, Anke, Uitterlinden, André G, Van Dijk, Ko Willems, Varma, Dhiraj, Visvikis-Siest, Sophie, Vitart, Veronique, Vogelzangs, Nicole, Waeber, Gérard, Wagner, Peter J, Walley, Andrew, Ward, Kim L, Watkins, Hugh, Wild, Sarah H, Willemsen, Gonneke, Witteman, Jaqueline CM, Yarnell, John WG, Zelenika, Diana, Zethelius, Björn, Zhai, Guangju, Zhao, Jing Hua, Zillikens, M Carola, Borecki, Ingrid B, Loos, Ruth JF, Meneton, Pierre, Magnusson, Patrik KE, Nathan, David M, Williams, Gordon H, Silander, Kaisa, Salomaa, Veikko, Smith, George Davey, Bornstein, Stefan R, Schwarz, Peter, Spranger, Joachim, Karpe, Fredrik, Shuldiner, Alan R, Cooper, Cyrus, Dedoussis, George V, Serrano-Ríos, Manuel, Lind, Lars, Palmer, Lyle J, Franks, Paul W, Ebrahim, Shah, Marmot, Michael, Kao, WH Linda, Pramstaller, Peter Paul, Wright, Alan F, Stumvoll, Michael, Hamsten, Anders, Buchanan, Thomas A, Valle, Timo T, Rotter, Jerome I, Siscovick, David S, Penninx, Brenda WJH, Boomsma, Dorret I, Deloukas, Panos, Spector, Timothy D, Ferrucci, Luigi, Cao, Antonio, Scuteri, Angelo, Schlessinger, David, Uda, Manuela, Ruokonen, Aimo, Jarvelin, Marjo-Riitta, Waterworth, Dawn M, Vollenweider, Peter, Peltonen, Leena, Mooser, Vincent, Sladek, Robert, Center for Liver, Digestive and Metabolic Diseases (CLDM), Palmer, Nd, Mcdonough, Cw, Hicks, Pj, Roh, Bh, Wing, Mr, An, S, Hester, Jm, Cooke, Jn, Bostrom, Ma, Rudock, Me, Talbert, Me, Lewis, Jp, Diagram, Consortium, Magic, Investigator, Ferrara, A, Lu, L, Ziegler, Jt, Sale, Mm, Divers, J, Shriner, D, Adeyemo, A, Rotimi, Cn, Ng, Mc, Langefeld, Cd, Freedman, Bi, Bowden, Dw, Voight, Bf, Scott, Lj, Steinthorsdottir, V, Morris, Ap, Dina, C, Welch, Rp, Zeggini, E, Huth, C, Aulchenko, Y, Thorleifsson, G, Mcculloch, Lj, Ferreira, T, Grallert, H, Amin, N, Wu, G, Willer, Cj, Raychaudhuri, S, Mccarroll, Sa, Langenberg, C, Hofmann, Om, Dupuis, J, Qi, L, Segrè, Av, van Hoek, M, Navarro, P, Ardlie, K, Balkau, B, Benediktsson, R, Bennett, Aj, Blagieva, R, Boerwinkle, E, Bonnycastle, Ll, Boström, Kb, Bravenboer, B, Bumpstead, S, Burtt, Np, Charpentier, G, Chines, P, Cornelis, M, Couper, Dj, Crawford, G, Doney, A, Elliott, K, Elliott, Al, Erdos, Mr, Fox, C, Franklin, C, Ganser, M, Gieger, C, Grarup, N, Green, T, Griffin, S, Groves, Cj, Guiducci, C, Hadjadj, S, Hassanali, N, Herder, C, Isomaa, B, Jackson, Au, Johnson, Pr, Jørgensen, T, Kao, Wh, Klopp, N, Kong, A, Kraft, P, Kuusisto, J, Lauritzen, T, Li, M, Lieverse, A, Lindgren, Cm, Lyssenko, V, Marre, M, Meitinger, T, Midthjell, K, Morken, Ma, Narisu, N, Nilsson, P, Owen, Kr, Payne, F, Perry, Jr, Petersen, Ak, Platou, C, Proença, C, Prokopenko, I, Rathmann, W, Rayner, Nw, Robertson, Nr, Rocheleau, G, Roden, M, Sampson, Mj, Saxena, R, Shields, Bm, Shrader, P, Sigurdsson, G, Sparsø, T, Strassburger, K, Stringham, Hm, Sun, Q, Swift, Aj, Thorand, B, Tichet, J, Tuomi, T, van Dam, Rm, van Haeften, Tw, van Herpt, T, van Vliet Ostaptchouk, Jv, Walters, Gb, Weedon, Mn, Wijmenga, C, Witteman, J, Bergman, Rn, Cauchi, S, Collins, F, Gloyn, Al, Gyllensten, U, Hansen, T, Hide, Wa, Hitman, Ga, Hofman, A, Hunter, Dj, Hveem, K, Laakso, M, Mohlke, Kl, Morris, Ad, Palmer, Cn, Pramstaller, Pp, Rudan, I, Sijbrands, E, Stein, Ld, 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Sovio, U, Swift, A, Syddall, H, Syvänen, Ac, Tanaka, T, Tönjes, A, Uitterlinden, Ag, van Dijk, Kw, Varma, D, Visvikis Siest, S, Vitart, V, Vogelzangs, N, Waeber, G, Wagner, Pj, Walley, A, Ward, Kl, Watkins, H, Wild, Sh, Willemsen, G, Witteman, Jc, Yarnell, Jw, Zelenika, D, Zethelius, B, Zhai, G, Zhao, Jh, Zillikens, Mc, Borecki, Ib, Loos, Rj, Meneton, P, Magnusson, Pk, Nathan, Dm, Williams, Gh, Silander, K, Salomaa, V, Smith, Gd, Bornstein, Sr, Schwarz, P, Spranger, J, Karpe, F, Shuldiner, Ar, Cooper, C, Dedoussis, Gv, Serrano Ríos, M, Lind, L, Palmer, Lj, Franks, Pw, Ebrahim, S, Marmot, M, Wright, Af, Stumvoll, M, Hamsten, A, Buchanan, Ta, Valle, Tt, Rotter, Ji, Siscovick, D, Penninx, Bw, Boomsma, Di, Deloukas, P, Spector, Td, Ferrucci, L, Cao, A, Scuteri, A, Schlessinger, D, Uda, M, Ruokonen, A, Jarvelin, Mr, Waterworth, Dm, Vollenweider, P, Peltonen, L, Mooser, V, Sladek, R., Medical Research Council (MRC), Human genetics, Psychiatry, NCA - Attention & Cognition, EMGO - Lifestyle, overweight and diabetes, Biological Psychology, Functional Genomics, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam - Attention & Cognition, EMGO+ - Lifestyle, Overweight and Diabetes, Langenberg, Claudia [0000-0002-5017-7344], Griffin, Simon [0000-0002-2157-4797], Wareham, Nicholas [0000-0003-1422-2993], Soranzo, Nicole [0000-0003-1095-3852], Wheeler, Eleanor [0000-0002-8616-6444], Luan, Jian'an [0000-0003-3137-6337], Forouhi, Nita [0000-0002-5041-248X], Sharp, Stephen [0000-0003-2375-1440], Sovio, Ulla [0000-0002-0799-1105], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, DIAGRAM Consortium, MAGIC Investigators, Johnson, T., Bergman, S., Bochud, M., Waeber, G., and Vollenweider, P.
Subjects: Netherlands Twin Register (NTR), Male, Adult, African Americans/genetics, Aged, Case-Control Studies, Cohort Studies, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/ethnology, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/genetics, Female, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Genome-Wide Association Study, Genotype, Humans, Meta-Analysis as Topic, Middle Aged, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Validation Studies as Topic, Medicin och hälsovetenskap, Linkage disequilibrium, Genetic Screens, endocrine system diseases, lcsh:Medicine, Genome-wide association study, Medical and Health Sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Endocrinology, Genome Sequencing, lcsh:Science, Medicine(all), Genetics, African Americans, 0303 health sciences, education.field_of_study, INSULIN-RESISTANCE, Multidisciplinary, Agricultural and Biological Sciences(all), LARGE-SCALE ASSOCIATION, STAGE RENAL-DISEASE, COMMON VARIANTS, Genomics, Medicine, Research Article, SUSCEPTIBILITY LOCI, General Science & Technology, Population, Single-nucleotide polymorphism, Biology, DIAGRAM Consortium, 03 medical and health sciences, MAGIC Investigators, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, Genetic linkage, MD Multidisciplinary, Genome-Wide Association Studies, SNP, ddc:610, education, Genotyping, 030304 developmental biology, Diabetic Endocrinology, LINKAGE ANALYSIS, Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology(all), lcsh:R, TCF7L2 GENE, Case-control study, Computational Biology, nutritional and metabolic diseases, Human Genetics, Diabetes Mellitus Type 2, Stage renal-disease, large-scale association, Susceptibility loci, Insulin-resistance, Fasting glucose, Tissue factor, Homeodomain protein, Linkage analysis, Common variants, TCF7L2 gene, Black or African American, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, TISSUE FACTOR, Genetics of Disease, HOMEODOMAIN PROTEIN, Genetic Polymorphism, lcsh:Q, Genome Expression Analysis, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Population Genetics, FASTING GLUCOSE
Abstract: African Americans are disproportionately affected by type 2 diabetes (T2DM) yet few studies have examined T2DM using genome-wide association approaches in this ethnicity. The aim of this study was to identify genes associated with T2DM in the African American population. We performed a Genome Wide Association Study (GWAS) using the Affymetrix 6.0 array in 965 African-American cases with T2DM and end-stage renal disease (T2DM-ESRD) and 1029 population-based controls. The most significant SNPs (n = 550 independent loci) were genotyped in a replication cohort and 122 SNPs (n = 98 independent loci) were further tested through genotyping three additional validation cohorts followed by meta-analysis in all five cohorts totaling 3,132 cases and 3,317 controls. Twelve SNPs had evidence of association in the GWAS (P
Published: 2012

23. Novel Loci for Adiponectin Levels and Their Influence on Type 2 Diabetes and Metabolic Traits: A Multi-Ethnic Meta-Analysis of 45,891 Individuals

Author: Seppo Koskinen, Christian Herder, Daniel I. Chasman, Andrew R. Wood, Jonna L. Grimsby, J.F. Wilson, Day Inm., Massimo Mangino, Gonneke Willemsen, Robert W. Mahley, Cristian Pattaro, Nicole L. Glazer, T.B. Harris, Irene Pichler, M S Sandhu, D. van Heemst, Christine Proença, Martha Ganser, Robert A. Hegele, Richa Saxena, Eleftheria Zeggini, Markku Laakso, Peter Kraft, Judith B. Borja, Karen L. Mohlke, J B Richards, de Geus Ejc., Robert Sladek, Cristen J. Willer, Samy Hadjadj, S.M. Boekholdt, Gina M. Peloso, Kijoung Song, Sutapa Mukherjee, Gudmar Thorleifsson, Winston Hide, Mark I. McCarthy, Ruth E. Pakyz, Marian Beekman, Ayellet V. Segrè, Inga Prokopenko, Ping An, George Dedoussis, Danielle Posthuma, Jeanette Erdmann, Simon J. Griffin, Nilesh J. Samani, Inke R. König, Frank B. Hu, Lokki M-L., David M. Evans, Xiaohui Li, Valgerdur Steinthorsdottir, Aimo Ruokonen, A Pouta, Kerrin S. Small, Cecilia M. Lindgren, O Le Bacquer, Xijing Han, Florian Kronenberg, E Katsareli, Christian Dina, S. Gabriel, Jochen Spranger, James S. Pankow, M. Kloppenburg, Penninx Bwjh., Torben Hansen, Josh Smith, Jennie Hui, Gordon H. Williams, Mark Seielstad, Ingrid B. Borecki, Weihua Zhang, Peter P. Pramstaller, Stephen J. Sharp, Neil R. Robertson, Zee Ryl., Mike Sampson, Angela Silveira, C.M. van Duijn, Anders Hamsten, Peter Shrader, Denis Rybin, Chen Y-Di., Gunnar Sigurdsson, Michael Stumvoll, Russel Tracy, Mark O. Goodarzi, Göran Hallmans, Michael R. Erdos, Valeriya Lyssenko, Juha Saharinen, Sven Bergmann, Jeffrey R. O'Connell, Debbie A Lawlor, Thomas Meitinger, Yvonne Böttcher, Jérôme Delplanque, Sarah G. Buxbaum, Silvia Naitza, Shah Ebrahim, Graham A. Hitman, Angelo Scuteri, Aroon D. Hingorani, Heribert Schunkert, François Pattou, Claudia Lamina, A L Elliott, Sekar Kathiresan, Dawn M. Waterworth, Jennifer A. Brody, Thomas Quertermous, Leena Peltonen, Josephine M. Egan, Daniel J. Rader, J F Peden, Yarnell Jwg., Daniel S. Pearson, Pfeiffer Afh., P S Chines, N Vogelzangs, Susan Redline, Alka M. Kanaya, T B Harris, J. V. van Vliet-Ostaptchouk, Ghislain Rocheleau, Rune R. Frants, Olga D. Carlson, James G. Wilson, Melissa Garcia, Ong Rt-H., Mark J. Caulfield, Tanya M. Teslovich, Loo B-M., Beatrice Knight, Andreas Ziegler, Claudia Langenberg, Yoon Shin Cho, Paul M. Ridker, Mark J. Rieder, Praveen Sethupathy, Bert Bravenboer, J. Viikari, Matt Neville, Ioannis M. Stylianou, Andrew Walley, Jarvelin M-R., Jarred B. McAteer, Ronald M. Krauss, Augustine Kong, Oluf Pedersen, Mark J. Daly, Andrew P. Morris, Anna F. Dominiczak, Stéphane Cauchi, Michael Boehnke, Christopher J. O'Donnell, Barbara Thorand, Peter M. Nilsson, Aaron Isaacs, Deborah A. Nickerson, Roza Blagieva, Mary F. Feitosa, Nicholas J. Wareham, Robert Roberts, J S Kooner, K W van Dijk, Tiinamaija Tuomi, Paul Scheet, Lynda M. Rose, Albert V. Smith, Rafn Benediktsson, Chiara Sabatti, Candace Guiducci, Lee M. 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Hastie, S Bumpstead, Jose C. Florez, Fernando Rivadeneira, Katharine R. Owen, Braxton D. Mitchell, Alisa K. Manning, Abbas Dehghan, Bruce Bartholow Duncan, Cisca Wijmenga, Timo T. Valle, Jaakko Kaprio, Mika Kivimäki, B Shields, Laila Simpson, Tim D. Spector, Paul W. Franks, Guangju Zhai, María Teresa Martínez-Larrad, Janssens Acjw., Kim L. Ward, Inês Barroso, Xiuqing Guo, Rosa Maria Roccasecca, Zari Dastani, Reijo Laaksonen, Wilmar Igl, Vincent Mooser, Niels Grarup, Cornelia Huth, Christian Gieger, Fabio Marroni, Jaakko Tuomilehto, Doney Asf., Andrew C. Edmondson, Christian Fuchsberger, Meena Kumari, David M. Nathan, Reedik Mägi, Solomon K. Musani, U de Faire, Knut Borch-Johnsen, Masahiro Koseki, Giuseppe Paolisso, Norman Klopp, Caroline S. Fox, Nelson B. Freimer, Mika Kähönen, Peter Henneman, Diana Zelenika, K Willems-Vandijk, Steven A. McCarroll, Paul Elliott, Wichmann H-E., J. C. Bis, Nita G. Forouhi, Antti Jula, Witteman Jcm., Fredrik Karpe, Joseph Hung, Antje Fischer-Rosinsky, Eric J. Brunner, Elena Gonzalez, Soumya Raychaudhuri, Jian'an Luan, Josée Dupuis, Joshua C. Randall, Taesung Park, Francis S. Collins, Lori L. Bonnycastle, Andrew A. Hicks, Peter Kovacs, Thomas Illig, Maja Barbalić, David Couper, Jaspal S. Kooner, Damien C. Croteau-Chonka, Gavin Lucas, P J Wagner, Young-Jin Kim, Yurii S. Aulchenko, Aurelian Bidulescu, Ingrid Meulenbelt, Pilar Galan, Iris M. Heid, Michael N. Weedon, Serena Sanna, Sarah H. Wild, Hivert M-F., Patricia B. Munroe, Johan G. Eriksson, Teresa Ferreira, Robert A. Scott, A. Sandbaek, Kenneth Rice, Veronique Vitart, Xin Yuan, Leslie A. Lange, Hilma Holm, Jorge R. Kizer, Timothy M. Frayling, Marika Kaakinen, Liu C-T., Petersen A-K., Peter Schwarz, G B Walters, Palmer Cna., Jean Tichet, Bernhard Paulweber, Ying Wu, Alyson Hall, Christopher T. Johansen, David Masson, Martin Ladouceur, Christie M. 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Boehm, Eleanor Wheeler, Epidemiology, Medical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, Clinical Genetics, Dastani, Z, Hivert, Mf, Timpson, N, Perry, Jr, Yuan, X, Scott, Ra, Henneman, P, Heid, Im, Kizer, Jr, Lyytikäinen, Lp, Fuchsberger, C, Tanaka, T, Morris, Ap, Small, K, Isaacs, A, Beekman, M, Coassin, S, Lohman, K, Qi, L, Kanoni, S, Pankow, J, Uh, Hw, Wu, Y, Bidulescu, A, Rasmussen Torvik, Lj, Greenwood, Cm, Ladouceur, M, Grimsby, J, Manning, Ak, Liu, Ct, Kooner, J, Mooser, Ve, Vollenweider, P, Kapur, Ka, Chambers, J, Wareham, Nj, Langenberg, C, Frants, R, Willems Vandijk, K, Oostra, Ba, Willems, Sm, Lamina, C, Winkler, Tw, Psaty, Bm, Tracy, Rp, Brody, J, Chen, I, Viikari, J, Kähönen, M, Pramstaller, Pp, Evans, Dm, St Pourcain, B, Sattar, N, Wood, Ar, Bandinelli, S, Carlson, Od, Egan, Jm, Böhringer, S, van Heemst, D, Kedenko, L, Kristiansson, K, Nuotio, Ml, Loo, Bm, Harris, T, Garcia, M, Kanaya, A, Haun, M, Klopp, N, Wichmann, He, Deloukas, P, Katsareli, E, Couper, Dj, Duncan, Bb, Kloppenburg, M, Adair, L, Borja, Jb, DIAGRAM+, Consortium, Magic, Consortium, Glgc, Investigator, Muther, Consortium, Wilson, Jg, Musani, S, Guo, X, Johnson, T, Semple, R, Teslovich, Tm, Allison, Ma, Redline, S, Buxbaum, Sg, Mohlke, Kl, Meulenbelt, I, Ballantyne, Cm, Dedoussis, Gv, Hu, Fb, Liu, Y, Paulweber, B, Spector, Td, Slagboom, Pe, Ferrucci, L, Jula, A, Perola, M, Raitakari, O, Florez, Jc, Salomaa, V, Eriksson, Jg, Frayling, Tm, Hicks, Aa, Lehtimäki, T, Smith, Gd, Siscovick, D, Kronenberg, F, van Duijn, C, Loos, Rj, Waterworth, Dm, Meigs, Jb, Dupuis, J, Richards, Jb, Voight, Bf, Scott, Lj, Steinthorsdottir, V, Dina, C, Welch, Rp, Zeggini, E, Huth, C, Aulchenko, Y, Thorleifsson, G, Mcculloch, Lj, Ferreira, T, Grallert, H, Amin, N, Wu, G, Willer, Cj, Raychaudhuri, S, Mccarroll, Sa, Hofmann, Om, Segrè, Av, van Hoek, M, Navarro, P, Ardlie, K, Balkau, B, Benediktsson, R, Bennett, Aj, Blagieva, R, Boerwinkle, E, Bonnycastle, Ll, Boström, Kb, Bravenboer, B, Bumpstead, S, Burtt, Np, Charpentier, G, Chines, P, Cornelis, M, Crawford, G, Doney, A, Elliott, K, Elliott, Al, Erdos, Mr, Fox, C, Franklin, C, Ganser, M, Gieger, C, Grarup, N, Green, T, Griffin, S, Groves, Cj, Guiducci, C, Hadjadj, S, Hassanali, N, Herder, C, Isomaa, B, Jackson, Au, Johnson, Pr, Jørgensen, T, Kao, Wh, Kong, A, Kraft, P, Kuusisto, J, Lauritzen, T, Li, M, Lieverse, A, Lindgren, Cm, Lyssenko, V, Marre, M, Meitinger, T, Midthjell, K, Morken, Ma, Narisu, N, Nilsson, P, Owen, Kr, Payne, F, Petersen, Ak, Platou, C, Proença, C, Prokopenko, I, Rathmann, W, Rayner, Nw, Robertson, Nr, Rocheleau, G, Roden, M, Sampson, Mj, Saxena, R, Shields, Bm, Shrader, P, Sigurdsson, G, Sparsø, T, Strassburger, K, Stringham, Hm, Sun, Q, Swift, Aj, Thorand, B, Tichet, J, Tuomi, T, van Dam, Rm, van Haeften, Tw, van Herpt, T, van Vliet Ostaptchouk, Jv, Walters, Gb, Weedon, Mn, Wijmenga, C, Witteman, J, Bergman, Rn, Cauchi, S, Collins, F, Gloyn, Al, Gyllensten, U, Hansen, T, Hide, Wa, Hitman, Ga, Hofman, A, Hunter, Dj, Hveem, K, Laakso, M, Morris, Ad, Palmer, Cn, Rudan, I, Sijbrands, E, Stein, Ld, Tuomilehto, J, Uitterlinden, A, Walker, M, Watanabe, Rm, Abecasis, Gr, Boehm, Bo, Campbell, H, Daly, Mj, Hattersley, At, Pedersen, O, Barroso, I, Groop, L, Sladek, R, Thorsteinsdottir, U, Wilson, Jf, Illig, T, Froguel, P, van Duijn, Cm, Stefansson, K, Altshuler, D, Boehnke, M, Mccarthy, Mi, Soranzo, N, Wheeler, E, Glazer, Nl, Bouatia Naji, N, Mägi, R, Randall, J, Elliott, P, Rybin, D, Dehghan, A, Hottenga, Jj, Song, K, Goel, A, Lajunen, T, Cavalcanti Proença, C, Kumari, M, Timpson, Nj, Zabena, C, Ingelsson, E, An, P, O'Connell, J, Luan, J, Elliott, A, Roccasecca, Rm, Pattou, F, Sethupathy, P, Ariyurek, Y, Barter, P, Beilby, Jp, Ben Shlomo, Y, Bergmann, S, Bochud, M, Bonnefond, A, Borch Johnsen, K, Böttcher, Y, Brunner, E, Bumpstead, Sj, Chen, Yd, Clarke, R, Coin, Lj, Cooper, Mn, Crisponi, L, Day, In, de Geus, Ej, Delplanque, J, Fedson, Ac, Fischer Rosinsky, A, Forouhi, Ng, Franzosi, Mg, Galan, P, Goodarzi, Mo, Graessler, J, Grundy, S, Gwilliam, R, Hallmans, G, Hammond, N, Han, X, Hartikainen, Al, Hayward, C, Heath, Sc, Hercberg, S, Hillman, Dr, Hingorani, Ad, Hui, J, Hung, J, Kaakinen, M, Kaprio, J, Kesaniemi, Ya, Kivimaki, M, Knight, B, Koskinen, S, Kovacs, P, Kyvik, Ko, Lathrop, Gm, Lawlor, Da, Le Bacquer, O, Lecoeur, C, Li, Y, Mahley, R, Mangino, M, Martínez Larrad, Mt, Mcateer, Jb, Mcpherson, R, Meisinger, C, Melzer, D, Meyre, D, Mitchell, Bd, Mukherjee, S, Naitza, S, Neville, Mj, Orrù, M, Pakyz, R, Paolisso, Giuseppe, Pattaro, C, Pearson, D, Peden, Jf, Pedersen, Nl, Pfeiffer, Af, Pichler, I, Polasek, O, Posthuma, D, Potter, Sc, Pouta, A, Province, Ma, Rice, K, Ripatti, S, Rivadeneira, F, Rolandsson, O, Sandbaek, A, Sandhu, M, Sanna, S, Sayer, Aa, Scheet, P, Seedorf, U, Sharp, Sj, Shields, B, Sigurðsson, G, Sijbrands, Ej, Silveira, A, Simpson, L, Singleton, A, Smith, Nl, Sovio, U, Swift, A, Syddall, H, Syvänen, Ac, Tönjes, A, Uitterlinden, Ag, van Dijk, Kw, Varma, D, Visvikis Siest, S, Vitart, V, Vogelzangs, N, Waeber, G, Wagner, Pj, Walley, A, Ward, Kl, Watkins, H, Wild, Sh, Willemsen, G, Witteman, Jc, Yarnell, Jw, Zelenika, D, Zethelius, B, Zhai, G, Zhao, Jh, Zillikens, Mc, Diagram, Consortium, Giant, Consortium, Global B., Pgen Consortium, Borecki, Ib, Meneton, P, Magnusson, Pk, Nathan, Dm, Williams, Gh, Silander, K, Bornstein, Sr, Schwarz, P, Spranger, J, Karpe, F, Shuldiner, Ar, Cooper, C, Serrano Ríos, M, Lind, L, Palmer, Lj, Hu FB, 1st, Franks, Pw, Ebrahim, S, Marmot, M, Wright, Af, Stumvoll, M, Hamsten, A, Procardis, Consortium, Buchanan, Ta, Valle, Tt, Rotter, Ji, Penninx, Bw, Boomsma, Di, Cao, A, Scuteri, A, Schlessinger, D, Uda, M, Ruokonen, A, Jarvelin, Mr, Peltonen, L, Mooser, V, Magic, Investigator, Glgc, Consortium, Musunuru, K, Smith, Av, Edmondson, Ac, Stylianou, Im, Koseki, M, Pirruccello, Jp, Chasman, Di, Johansen, Ct, Fouchier, Sw, Peloso, Gm, Barbalic, M, Ricketts, Sl, Bis, Jc, Feitosa, Mf, Orho Melander, M, Melander, O, Li, X, Cho, Y, Go, Mj, Kim, Yj, Lee, Jy, Park, T, Kim, K, Sim, X, Ong, Rt, Croteau Chonka, Dc, Lange, La, Smith, Jd, Ziegler, A, Zhang, W, Zee, Ry, Whitfield, Jb, Thompson, Jr, Surakka, I, Smit, Jh, Sinisalo, J, Scott, J, Saharinen, J, Sabatti, C, Rose, Lm, Roberts, R, Rieder, M, Parker, An, Pare, G, O'Donnell, Cj, Nieminen, M, Nickerson, Da, Montgomery, Gw, Mcardle, W, Masson, D, Martin, Ng, Marroni, F, Lucas, G, Luben, R, Lokki, Ml, Lettre, G, Launer, Lj, Lakatta, Eg, Laaksonen, R, König, Ir, Khaw, Kt, Kaplan, Lm, Johansson, Å, Janssens, Ac, Igl, W, Hovingh, Gk, Hengstenberg, C, Havulinna, A, Hastie, Nd, Harris, Tb, Haritunians, T, Hall, A, Groop, Lc, Gonzalez, E, Freimer, Nb, Erdmann, J, Ejebe, Kg, Döring, A, Dominiczak, Af, Demissie, S, de Faire, U, Caulfield, Mj, Boekholdt, Sm, Assimes, Tl, Quertermous, T, Seielstad, M, Wong, Ty, Tai, E, Feranil, Ab, Kuzawa, Cw, Taylor HA, Jr, Gabriel, Sb, Holm, H, Gudnason, V, Krauss, Rm, Ordovas, Jm, Munroe, Pb, Tall, Ar, Hegele, Ra, Kastelein, Jj, Schadt, Ee, Strachan, Dp, Reilly, Mp, Samani, Nj, Schunkert, H, Cupples, La, Ridker, Pm, Rader, Dj, Kathiresan, S., Medical Research Council (MRC), Perry, John [0000-0001-6483-3771], Wareham, Nicholas [0000-0003-1422-2993], Langenberg, Claudia [0000-0002-5017-7344], Semple, Robert [0000-0001-6539-3069], Griffin, Simon [0000-0002-2157-4797], Barroso, Ines [0000-0001-5800-4520], Soranzo, Nicole [0000-0003-1095-3852], Wheeler, Eleanor [0000-0002-8616-6444], Luan, Jian'an [0000-0003-3137-6337], Forouhi, Nita [0000-0002-5041-248X], Sharp, Stephen [0000-0003-2375-1440], Sovio, Ulla [0000-0002-0799-1105], Zhao, Jing Hua [0000-0003-4930-3582], Luben, Robert [0000-0002-5088-6343], Khaw, Kay-Tee [0000-0002-8802-2903], Sandhu, Manjinder [0000-0002-2725-142X], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, Biological Psychology, Functional Genomics, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam - Attention & Cognition, EMGO+ - Lifestyle, Overweight and Diabetes, Other departments, Experimental Vascular Medicine, ACS - Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Vascular Medicine, Cardiology, Human genetics, Psychiatry, NCA - Attention & Cognition, EMGO - Lifestyle, overweight and diabetes, Lääketieteen yksikkö - School of Medicine, University of Tampere, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, Hjelt Institute (-2014), Clinicum, Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, Department of Public Health, Haartman Institute (-2014), Transplantation Laboratory, Biostatistics Helsinki, Quantitative Genetics, Complex Disease Genetics, Genetic Epidemiology, DIAGRAM+ Consortium, MAGIC Consortium, GLGC Investigators, MuTHER Consortium, DIAGRAM Consortium, GIANT Consortium, Global B Pgen Consortium, Procardis Consortium, MAGIC investigators, GLGC Consortium, Olson, J., Kronmal, R., Robbins, J., Chaves, PH., Burke, G., Kuller, LH., Tracy, R., Gottdiener, J., Prineas, R., Becker, JT., Enright, P., Klein, R., and O'Leary, DH.
Subjects: Netherlands Twin Register (NTR), Male, Insulin Resistance/genetics, VARIANTS, 0302 clinical medicine, POPULATION, African Americans, blood/genetics, 0303 health sciences, education.field_of_study, Adiponectin/blood, Adiponectin/genetics, Asian Continental Ancestry Group, Cholesterol, HDL/genetics, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/genetics, European Continental Ancestry Group, Female, Gene Expression, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Genome-Wide Association Study, Glucose Tolerance Test, Humans, Metabolic Networks and Pathways, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Waist-Hip Ratio, Global B Pgen Consortium, MAGIC investigators, 3. Good health, Cholesterol, Medicine, Adiponectin, Type 2, medicine.medical_specialty, HDL, Biolääketieteet - Biomedicine, Single-nucleotide polymorphism, DIAGRAM Consortium, White People, Molecular Genetics, GLGC Consortium, 03 medical and health sciences, Asian People, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, GIANT Consortium, Diabetes Mellitus, Genetics, DIAGRAM+ Consortium, GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION, Polymorphism, education, Biology, Molecular Biology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 0604 Genetics, Science & Technology, GLGC Investigators, nutritional and metabolic diseases, ta3121, medicine.disease, Obesity, Black or African American, blood/genetics, African Americans, Asian Continental Ancestry Group, Cholesterol, genetics, Diabetes Mellitus, genetics, European Continental Ancestry Group, Female, Gene Expression, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Genome-Wide Association Study, Glucose Tolerance Test, Humans, Insulin Resistance, genetics, Male, Metabolic Networks and Pathways, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Waist-Hip Ratio, Endocrinology, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Developmental Biology, Type 2/genetics, Cancer Research, Type 2 diabetes, QH426-470, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, LIPID CONCENTRATIONS, GENETICS & HEREDITY, Genetics (clinical), RISK, 2. Zero hunger, INSULIN-RESISTANCE, Glucose tolerance test, medicine.diagnostic_test, MAGIC Consortium, Single Nucleotide, ADIPOSE-TISSUE, CORONARY-ARTERY-DISEASE, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, Research Article, Clinical Research Design, GENETIC-BASIS, Population, Insulin resistance, Internal medicine, Diabetes mellitus, medicine, ddc:610, 030304 developmental biology, RECEPTOR, Cholesterol, HDL, Human Genetics, HDL/genetics, 3121 General medicine, internal medicine and other clinical medicine, MuTHER Consortium, 3111 Biomedicine, Procardis Consortium, Insulin Resistance
Abstract: Circulating levels of adiponectin, a hormone produced predominantly by adipocytes, are highly heritable and are inversely associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) and other metabolic traits. We conducted a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies in 39,883 individuals of European ancestry to identify genes associated with metabolic disease. We identified 8 novel loci associated with adiponectin levels and confirmed 2 previously reported loci (P = 4.5×10−8–1.2×10−43). Using a novel method to combine data across ethnicities (N = 4,232 African Americans, N = 1,776 Asians, and N = 29,347 Europeans), we identified two additional novel loci. Expression analyses of 436 human adipocyte samples revealed that mRNA levels of 18 genes at candidate regions were associated with adiponectin concentrations after accounting for multiple testing (p, Author Summary Serum adiponectin levels are highly heritable and are inversely correlated with the risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D), coronary artery disease, stroke, and several metabolic traits. To identify common genetic variants associated with adiponectin levels and risk of T2D and metabolic traits, we conducted a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies of 45,891 multi-ethnic individuals. In addition to confirming that variants at the ADIPOQ and CDH13 loci influence adiponectin levels, our analyses revealed that 10 new loci also affecting circulating adiponectin levels. We demonstrated that expression levels of several genes in these candidate regions are associated with serum adiponectin levels. Using a powerful novel method to assess the contribution of the identified variants with other traits using summary-level results from large-scale GWAS consortia, we provide evidence that the risk alleles for adiponectin are associated with deleterious changes in T2D risk and metabolic syndrome traits (triglycerides, HDL, post-prandial glucose, insulin, and waist-to-hip ratio), demonstrating that the identified loci, taken together, impact upon metabolic disease.
Published: 2012

24. ONCOLINER: A new solution for monitoring, improving, and harmonizing somatic variant calling across genomic oncology centers.

Author: Martín R, Gaitán N, Jarlier F, Feuerbach L, de Soyres H, Arbonés M, Gutman T, Puiggròs M, Ferriz A, Gonzalez A, Estelles L, Gut I, Capella-Gutierrez S, Stein LD, Brors B, Royo R, Hupé P, and Torrents D
Subjects: Humans, Software, Precision Medicine methods, Genome, Human genetics, INDEL Mutation, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Medical Oncology methods, Genomics methods, Neoplasms genetics
Abstract: The characterization of somatic genomic variation associated with the biology of tumors is fundamental for cancer research and personalized medicine, as it guides the reliability and impact of cancer studies and genomic-based decisions in clinical oncology. However, the quality and scope of tumor genome analysis across cancer research centers and hospitals are currently highly heterogeneous, limiting the consistency of tumor diagnoses across hospitals and the possibilities of data sharing and data integration across studies. With the aim of providing users with actionable and personalized recommendations for the overall enhancement and harmonization of somatic variant identification across research and clinical environments, we have developed ONCOLINER. Using specifically designed mosaic and tumorized genomes for the analysis of recall and precision across somatic SNVs, insertions or deletions (indels), and structural variants (SVs), we demonstrate that ONCOLINER is capable of improving and harmonizing genome analysis across three state-of-the-art variant discovery pipelines in genomic oncology., Competing Interests: Declaration of interests The authors declare no competing interests., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2024
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25. Early rhombic lip Protogenin +ve stem cells in a human-specific neurovascular niche initiate and maintain group 3 medulloblastoma.

Author: Visvanathan A, Saulnier O, Chen C, Haldipur P, Orisme W, Delaidelli A, Shin S, Millman J, Bryant A, Abeysundara N, Wu X, Hendrikse LD, Patil V, Bashardanesh Z, Golser J, Livingston BG, Nakashima T, Funakoshi Y, Ong W, Rasnitsyn A, Aldinger KA, Richman CM, Van Ommeren R, Lee JJY, Ly M, Vladoiu MC, Kharas K, Balin P, Erickson AW, Fong V, Zhang J, Suárez RA, Wang H, Huang N, Pallota JG, Douglas T, Haapasalo J, Razavi F, Silvestri E, Sirbu O, Worme S, Kameda-Smith MM, Wu X, Daniels C, MichaelRaj AK, Bhaduri A, Schramek D, Suzuki H, Garzia L, Ahmed N, Kleinman CL, Stein LD, Dirks P, Dunham C, Jabado N, Rich JN, Li W, Sorensen PH, Wechsler-Reya RJ, Weiss WA, Millen KJ, Ellison DW, Dimitrov DS, and Taylor MD
Subjects: Humans, Animals, Mice, Rhombencephalon metabolism, Rhombencephalon embryology, Cerebellar Neoplasms metabolism, Cerebellar Neoplasms pathology, Endothelial Cells metabolism, Stem Cell Niche, Stem Cells metabolism, Coculture Techniques, Embryonic Structures, Metencephalon embryology, Medulloblastoma pathology, Medulloblastoma metabolism, Neoplastic Stem Cells metabolism, Neoplastic Stem Cells pathology
Abstract: We identify a population of Protogenin-positive (PRTG +ve ) MYC high NESTIN low stem cells in the four-week-old human embryonic hindbrain that subsequently localizes to the ventricular zone of the rhombic lip (RL VZ ). Oncogenic transformation of early Prtg +ve rhombic lip stem cells initiates group 3 medulloblastoma (Gr3-MB)-like tumors. PRTG +ve stem cells grow adjacent to a human-specific interposed vascular plexus in the RL VZ , a phenotype that is recapitulated in Gr3-MB but not in other types of medulloblastoma. Co-culture of Gr3-MB with endothelial cells promotes tumor stem cell growth, with the endothelial cells adopting an immature phenotype. Targeting the PRTG high compartment of Gr3-MB in vivo using either the diphtheria toxin system or chimeric antigen receptor T cells constitutes effective therapy. Human Gr3-MBs likely arise from early embryonic RL VZ PRTG +ve stem cells inhabiting a specific perivascular niche. Targeting the PRTG high compartment and/or the perivascular niche represents an approach to treat children with Gr3-MB., Competing Interests: Declaration of interests The authors declare no competing interests. A patent related to this work was submitted by University of Pittsburgh (University Docket No. 05700/F&R ref. 48881-0028P01), US 63/275,326, “Molecules that bind to Protogenin polypeptides.”, (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2024
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26. Pathway-based, reaction-specific annotation of disease variants for elucidation of molecular phenotypes.

Author: Orlic-Milacic M, Rothfels K, Matthews L, Wright A, Jassal B, Shamovsky V, Trinh Q, Gillespie ME, Sevilla C, Tiwari K, Ragueneau E, Gong C, Stephan R, May B, Haw R, Weiser J, Beavers D, Conley P, Hermjakob H, Stein LD, D'Eustachio P, and Wu G
Subjects: Humans, Databases, Genetic, Disease genetics, Phenotype, Molecular Sequence Annotation
Abstract: Germline and somatic mutations can give rise to proteins with altered activity, including both gain and loss-of-function. The effects of these variants can be captured in disease-specific reactions and pathways that highlight the resulting changes to normal biology. A disease reaction is defined as an aberrant reaction in which a variant protein participates. A disease pathway is defined as a pathway that contains a disease reaction. Annotation of disease variants as participants of disease reactions and disease pathways can provide a standardized overview of molecular phenotypes of pathogenic variants that is amenable to computational mining and mathematical modeling. Reactome (https://reactome.org/), an open source, manually curated, peer-reviewed database of human biological pathways, in addition to providing annotations for >11 000 unique human proteins in the context of ∼15 000 wild-type reactions within more than 2000 wild-type pathways, also provides annotations for >4000 disease variants of close to 400 genes as participants of ∼800 disease reactions in the context of ∼400 disease pathways. Functional annotation of disease variants proceeds from normal gene functions, described in wild-type reactions and pathways, through disease variants whose divergence from normal molecular behaviors has been experimentally verified, to extrapolation from molecular phenotypes of characterized variants to variants of unknown significance using criteria of the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics and the Association for Molecular Pathology. Reactome's data model enables mapping of disease variant datasets to specific disease reactions within disease pathways, providing a platform to infer pathway output impacts of numerous human disease variants and model organism orthologs, complementing computational predictions of variant pathogenicity. Database URL: https://reactome.org/., (© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press.)
Published: 2024
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27. Oncogenic ETS fusions promote DNA damage and proinflammatory responses via pericentromeric RNAs in extracellular vesicles.

Author: Ruzanov P, Evdokimova V, Pachva MC, Minkovich A, Zhang Z, Langman S, Gassmann H, Thiel U, Orlic-Milacic M, Zaidi SH, Peltekova V, Heisler LE, Sharma M, Cox ME, McKee TD, Zaidi M, Lapouble E, McPherson JD, Delattre O, Radvanyi L, Burdach SE, Stein LD, and Sorensen PH
Subjects: Humans, Male, Sarcoma, Ewing genetics, Sarcoma, Ewing pathology, Sarcoma, Ewing metabolism, Sarcoma, Ewing immunology, Cell Line, Tumor, RNA, Neoplasm genetics, RNA, Neoplasm metabolism, Inflammation genetics, Inflammation metabolism, Inflammation pathology, Prostatic Neoplasms genetics, Prostatic Neoplasms pathology, Prostatic Neoplasms metabolism, Mice, Animals, Heterochromatin metabolism, Heterochromatin genetics, Extracellular Vesicles metabolism, Extracellular Vesicles genetics, DNA Damage, Oncogene Proteins, Fusion genetics, Oncogene Proteins, Fusion metabolism, Transcriptional Regulator ERG genetics, Transcriptional Regulator ERG metabolism, RNA-Binding Protein EWS genetics, RNA-Binding Protein EWS metabolism, Proto-Oncogene Protein c-fli-1 genetics, Proto-Oncogene Protein c-fli-1 metabolism
Abstract: Aberrant expression of the E26 transformation-specific (ETS) transcription factors characterizes numerous human malignancies. Many of these proteins, including EWS:FLI1 and EWS:ERG fusions in Ewing sarcoma (EwS) and TMPRSS2:ERG in prostate cancer (PCa), drive oncogenic programs via binding to GGAA repeats. We report here that both EWS:FLI1 and ERG bind and transcriptionally activate GGAA-rich pericentromeric heterochromatin. The respective pathogen-like HSAT2 and HSAT3 RNAs, together with LINE, SINE, ERV, and other repeat transcripts, are expressed in EwS and PCa tumors, secreted in extracellular vesicles (EVs), and are highly elevated in plasma of patients with EwS with metastatic disease. High human satellite 2 and 3 (HSAT2,3) levels in EWS:FLI1- or ERG-expressing cells and tumors were associated with induction of G2/M checkpoint, mitotic spindle, and DNA damage programs. These programs were also activated in EwS EV-treated fibroblasts, coincident with accumulation of HSAT2,3 RNAs, proinflammatory responses, mitotic defects, and senescence. Mechanistically, HSAT2,3-enriched cancer EVs induced cGAS-TBK1 innate immune signaling and formation of cytosolic granules positive for double-strand RNAs, RNA-DNA, and cGAS. Hence, aberrantly expressed ETS proteins derepress pericentromeric heterochromatin, yielding pathogenic RNAs that transmit genotoxic stress and inflammation to local and distant sites. Monitoring HSAT2,3 plasma levels and preventing their dissemination may thus improve therapeutic strategies and blood-based diagnostics.
Published: 2024
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28. MMDRP: drug response prediction and biomarker discovery using multi-modal deep learning.

Author: Taj F and Stein LD
Abstract: Motivation: A major challenge in cancer care is that patients with similar demographics, tumor types, and medical histories can respond quite differently to the same drug regimens. This difference is largely explained by genetic and other molecular variabilities among the patients and their cancers. Efforts in the pharmacogenomics field are underway to understand better the relationship between the genome of the patient's healthy and tumor cells and their response to therapy. To advance this goal, research groups and consortia have undertaken large-scale systematic screening of panels of drugs across multiple cancer cell lines that have been molecularly profiled by genomics, proteomics, and similar techniques. These large data drug screening sets have been applied to the problem of drug response prediction (DRP), the challenge of predicting the response of a previously untested drug/cell-line combination. Although deep learning algorithms outperform traditional methods, there are still many challenges in DRP that ultimately result in these models' low generalizability and hampers their clinical application., Results: In this article, we describe a novel algorithm that addresses the major shortcomings of current DRP methods by combining multiple cell line characterization data, addressing drug response data skewness, and improving chemical compound representation., Availability and Implementation: MMDRP is implemented as an open-source, Python-based, command-line program and is available at https://github.com/LincolnSteinLab/MMDRP., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest., (© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press.)
Published: 2024
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29. Pathway-based, reaction-specific annotation of disease variants for elucidation of molecular phenotypes.

Author: Orlic-Milacic M, Rothfels K, Matthews L, Wright A, Jassal B, Shamovsky V, Trinh Q, Gillespie M, Sevilla C, Tiwari K, Ragueneau E, Gong C, Stephan R, May B, Haw R, Weiser J, Beavers D, Conley P, Hermjakob H, Stein LD, D'Eustachio P, and Wu G
Abstract: Disease variant annotation in the context of biological reactions and pathways can provide a standardized overview of molecular phenotypes of pathogenic mutations that is amenable to computational mining and mathematical modeling. Reactome, an open source, manually curated, peer-reviewed database of human biological pathways, provides annotations for over 4000 disease variants of close to 400 genes in the context of ∼800 disease reactions constituting ∼400 disease pathways. Functional annotation of disease variants proceeds from normal gene functions, through disease variants whose divergence from normal molecular behaviors has been experimentally verified, to extrapolation from molecular phenotypes of characterized variants to variants of unknown significance using criteria of the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG). Reactome's pathway-based, reaction-specific disease variant dataset and data model provide a platform to infer pathway output impacts of numerous human disease variants and model organism orthologs, complementing computational predictions of variant pathogenicity.
Published: 2023
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30. Fourteen quick tips for crowdsourcing geographically linked data for public health advocacy.

Author: Atienza J, Benedict A, Stein LD, Pirzada K, White C, and Pai S
Subjects: Public Health, Semantic Web, Crowdsourcing
Abstract: This article presents 14 quick tips to build a team to crowdsource data for public health advocacy. It includes tips around team building and logistics, infrastructure setup, media and industry outreach, and project wrap-up and archival for posterity., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright: © 2023 Atienza et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)
Published: 2023
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31. JBrowse 2: a modular genome browser with views of synteny and structural variation.

Author: Diesh C, Stevens GJ, Xie P, De Jesus Martinez T, Hershberg EA, Leung A, Guo E, Dider S, Zhang J, Bridge C, Hogue G, Duncan A, Morgan M, Flores T, Bimber BN, Haw R, Cain S, Buels RM, Stein LD, and Holmes IH
Subjects: Synteny, Genome, Biological Evolution, Web Browser, Internet, Genomics, Software
Abstract: We present JBrowse 2, a general-purpose genome annotation browser offering enhanced visualization of complex structural variation and evolutionary relationships. It retains core features of JBrowse while adding new views for synteny, dotplots, breakpoints, gene fusions, and whole-genome overviews. It allows users to share sessions, open multiple genomes, and navigate between views. It can be embedded in a web page, used as a standalone application, or run from Jupyter notebooks or R sessions. These improvements are enabled by a ground-up redesign using modern web technology. We describe application functionality, use cases, performance benchmarks, and implementation notes for web administrators and developers., (© 2023. The Author(s).)
Published: 2023
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32. Author Correction: Analyses of non-coding somatic drivers in 2,658 cancer whole genomes.

Author: Rheinbay E, Nielsen MM, Abascal F, Wala JA, Shapira O, Tiao G, Hornshøj H, Hess JM, Juul RI, Lin Z, Feuerbach L, Sabarinathan R, Madsen T, Kim J, Mularoni L, Shuai S, Lanzós A, Herrmann C, Maruvka YE, Shen C, Amin SB, Bandopadhayay P, Bertl J, Boroevich KA, Busanovich J, Carlevaro-Fita J, Chakravarty D, Chan CWY, Craft D, Dhingra P, Diamanti K, Fonseca NA, Gonzalez-Perez A, Guo Q, Hamilton MP, Haradhvala NJ, Hong C, Isaev K, Johnson TA, Juul M, Kahles A, Kahraman A, Kim Y, Komorowski J, Kumar K, Kumar S, Lee D, Lehmann KV, Li Y, Liu EM, Lochovsky L, Park K, Pich O, Roberts ND, Saksena G, Schumacher SE, Sidiropoulos N, Sieverling L, Sinnott-Armstrong N, Stewart C, Tamborero D, Tubio JMC, Umer HM, Uusküla-Reimand L, Wadelius C, Wadi L, Yao X, Zhang CZ, Zhang J, Haber JE, Hobolth A, Imielinski M, Kellis M, Lawrence MS, von Mering C, Nakagawa H, Raphael BJ, Rubin MA, Sander C, Stein LD, Stuart JM, Tsunoda T, Wheeler DA, Johnson R, Reimand J, Gerstein M, Khurana E, Campbell PJ, López-Bigas N, Weischenfeldt J, Beroukhim R, Martincorena I, Pedersen JS, and Getz G
Published: 2023
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33. JBrowse Jupyter: a Python interface to JBrowse 2.

Author: De Jesus Martinez T, Hershberg EA, Guo E, Stevens GJ, Diesh C, Xie P, Bridge C, Cain S, Haw R, Buels RM, Stein LD, and Holmes IH
Subjects: Software, Genome, Web Browser, Genomics, Computational Biology
Abstract: Motivation: JBrowse Jupyter is a package that aims to close the gap between Python programming and genomic visualization. Web-based genome browsers are routinely used for publishing and inspecting genome annotations. Historically they have been deployed at the end of bioinformatics pipelines, typically decoupled from the analysis itself. However, emerging technologies such as Jupyter notebooks enable a more rapid iterative cycle of development, analysis and visualization., Results: We have developed a package that provides a Python interface to JBrowse 2's suite of embeddable components, including the primary Linear Genome View. The package enables users to quickly set up, launch and customize JBrowse views from Jupyter notebooks. In addition, users can share their data via Google's Colab notebooks, providing reproducible interactive views., Availability and Implementation: JBrowse Jupyter is released under the Apache License and is available for download on PyPI. Source code and demos are available on GitHub at https://github.com/GMOD/jbrowse-jupyter., (© The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press.)
Published: 2023
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34. Author Correction: Combined burden and functional impact tests for cancer driver discovery using DriverPower.

Author: Shuai S, Gallinger S, and Stein LD
Published: 2022
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35. Author Correction: A deep learning system accurately classifies primary and metastatic cancers using passenger mutation patterns.

Author: Jiao W, Atwal G, Polak P, Karlic R, Cuppen E, Danyi A, de Ridder J, van Herpen C, Lolkema MP, Steeghs N, Getz G, Morris QD, and Stein LD
Published: 2022
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36. Author Correction: Failure of human rhombic lip differentiation underlies medulloblastoma formation.

Author: Hendrikse LD, Haldipur P, Saulnier O, Millman J, Sjoboen AH, Erickson AW, Ong W, Gordon V, Coudière-Morrison L, Mercier AL, Shokouhian M, Suárez RA, Ly M, Borlase S, Scott DS, Vladoiu MC, Farooq H, Sirbu O, Nakashima T, Nambu S, Funakoshi Y, Bahcheli A, Diaz-Mejia JJ, Golser J, Bach K, Phuong-Bao T, Skowron P, Wang EY, Kumar SA, Balin P, Visvanathan A, Lee JJY, Ayoub R, Chen X, Chen X, Mungall KL, Luu B, Bérubé P, Wang YC, Pfister SM, Kim SK, Delattre O, Bourdeaut F, Doz F, Masliah-Planchon J, Grajkowska WA, Loukides J, Dirks P, Fèvre-Montange M, Jouvet A, French PJ, Kros JM, Zitterbart K, Bailey SD, Eberhart CG, Rao AAN, Giannini C, Olson JM, Garami M, Hauser P, Phillips JJ, Ra YS, de Torres C, Mora J, Li KKW, Ng HK, Poon WS, Pollack IF, López-Aguilar E, Gillespie GY, Van Meter TE, Shofuda T, Vibhakar R, Thompson RC, Cooper MK, Rubin JB, Kumabe T, Jung S, Lach B, Iolascon A, Ferrucci V, de Antonellis P, Zollo M, Cinalli G, Robinson S, Stearns DS, Van Meir EG, Porrati P, Finocchiaro G, Massimino M, Carlotti CG, Faria CC, Roussel MF, Boop F, Chan JA, Aldinger KA, Razavi F, Silvestri E, McLendon RE, Thompson EM, Ansari M, Garre ML, Chico F, Eguía P, Pérezpeña M, Morrissy AS, Cavalli FMG, Wu X, Daniels C, Rich JN, Jones SJM, Moore RA, Marra MA, Huang X, Reimand J, Sorensen PH, Wechsler-Reya RJ, Weiss WA, Pugh TJ, Garzia L, Kleinman CL, Stein LD, Jabado N, Malkin D, Ayrault O, Golden JA, Ellison DW, Doble B, Ramaswamy V, Werbowetski-Ogilvie TE, Suzuki H, Millen KJ, and Taylor MD
Published: 2022
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37. Failure of human rhombic lip differentiation underlies medulloblastoma formation.

Author: Hendrikse LD, Haldipur P, Saulnier O, Millman J, Sjoboen AH, Erickson AW, Ong W, Gordon V, Coudière-Morrison L, Mercier AL, Shokouhian M, Suárez RA, Ly M, Borlase S, Scott DS, Vladoiu MC, Farooq H, Sirbu O, Nakashima T, Nambu S, Funakoshi Y, Bahcheli A, Diaz-Mejia JJ, Golser J, Bach K, Phuong-Bao T, Skowron P, Wang EY, Kumar SA, Balin P, Visvanathan A, Lee JJY, Ayoub R, Chen X, Chen X, Mungall KL, Luu B, Bérubé P, Wang YC, Pfister SM, Kim SK, Delattre O, Bourdeaut F, Doz F, Masliah-Planchon J, Grajkowska WA, Loukides J, Dirks P, Fèvre-Montange M, Jouvet A, French PJ, Kros JM, Zitterbart K, Bailey SD, Eberhart CG, Rao AAN, Giannini C, Olson JM, Garami M, Hauser P, Phillips JJ, Ra YS, de Torres C, Mora J, Li KKW, Ng HK, Poon WS, Pollack IF, López-Aguilar E, Gillespie GY, Van Meter TE, Shofuda T, Vibhakar R, Thompson RC, Cooper MK, Rubin JB, Kumabe T, Jung S, Lach B, Iolascon A, Ferrucci V, de Antonellis P, Zollo M, Cinalli G, Robinson S, Stearns DS, Van Meir EG, Porrati P, Finocchiaro G, Massimino M, Carlotti CG, Faria CC, Roussel MF, Boop F, Chan JA, Aldinger KA, Razavi F, Silvestri E, McLendon RE, Thompson EM, Ansari M, Garre ML, Chico F, Eguía P, Pérezpeña M, Morrissy AS, Cavalli FMG, Wu X, Daniels C, Rich JN, Jones SJM, Moore RA, Marra MA, Huang X, Reimand J, Sorensen PH, Wechsler-Reya RJ, Weiss WA, Pugh TJ, Garzia L, Kleinman CL, Stein LD, Jabado N, Malkin D, Ayrault O, Golden JA, Ellison DW, Doble B, Ramaswamy V, Werbowetski-Ogilvie TE, Suzuki H, Millen KJ, and Taylor MD
Subjects: Cell Lineage, Cerebellum embryology, Cerebellum pathology, Core Binding Factor alpha Subunits genetics, Hedgehog Proteins metabolism, Histone Demethylases, Humans, Ki-67 Antigen metabolism, Muscle Proteins, Mutation, Otx Transcription Factors deficiency, Otx Transcription Factors genetics, Repressor Proteins, T-Box Domain Proteins metabolism, Transcription Factors, Cell Differentiation genetics, Cerebellar Neoplasms classification, Cerebellar Neoplasms genetics, Cerebellar Neoplasms pathology, Medulloblastoma classification, Medulloblastoma genetics, Medulloblastoma pathology, Metencephalon embryology, Metencephalon pathology
Abstract: Medulloblastoma (MB) comprises a group of heterogeneous paediatric embryonal neoplasms of the hindbrain with strong links to early development of the hindbrain 1-4 . Mutations that activate Sonic hedgehog signalling lead to Sonic hedgehog MB in the upper rhombic lip (RL) granule cell lineage 5-8 . By contrast, mutations that activate WNT signalling lead to WNT MB in the lower RL 9,10 . However, little is known about the more commonly occurring group 4 (G4) MB, which is thought to arise in the unipolar brush cell lineage 3,4 . Here we demonstrate that somatic mutations that cause G4 MB converge on the core binding factor alpha (CBFA) complex and mutually exclusive alterations that affect CBFA2T2, CBFA2T3, PRDM6, UTX and OTX2. CBFA2T2 is expressed early in the progenitor cells of the cerebellar RL subventricular zone in Homo sapiens, and G4 MB transcriptionally resembles these progenitors but are stalled in developmental time. Knockdown of OTX2 in model systems relieves this differentiation blockade, which allows MB cells to spontaneously proceed along normal developmental differentiation trajectories. The specific nature of the split human RL, which is destined to generate most of the neurons in the human brain, and its high level of susceptible EOMES + KI67 + unipolar brush cell progenitor cells probably predisposes our species to the development of G4 MB., (© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited.)
Published: 2022
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38. A brain precursor atlas reveals the acquisition of developmental-like states in adult cerebral tumours.

Author: Hamed AA, Kunz DJ, El-Hamamy I, Trinh QM, Subedar OD, Richards LM, Foltz W, Bullivant G, Ware M, Vladoiu MC, Zhang J, Raj AM, Pugh TJ, Taylor MD, Teichmann SA, Stein LD, Simons BD, and Dirks PB
Subjects: Animals, Brain, Child, Humans, Mice, Neurogenesis, Telencephalon, Cerebrum, Glioma genetics
Abstract: Human cerebral cancers are known to contain cell types resembling the varying stages of neural development. However, the basis of this association remains unclear. Here, we map the development of mouse cerebrum across the developmental time-course, from embryonic day 12.5 to postnatal day 365, performing single-cell transcriptomics on >100,000 cells. By comparing this reference atlas to single-cell data from >100 glial tumours of the adult and paediatric human cerebrum, we find that tumour cells have an expression signature that overlaps with temporally restricted, embryonic radial glial precursors (RGPs) and their immediate sublineages. Further, we demonstrate that prenatal transformation of RGPs in a genetic mouse model gives rise to adult cerebral tumours that show an embryonic/juvenile RGP identity. Together, these findings implicate the acquisition of embryonic-like states in the genesis of adult glioma, providing insight into the origins of human glioma, and identifying specific developmental cell types for therapeutic targeting., (© 2022. The Author(s).)
Published: 2022
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39. Author Correction: scRNA-seq in medulloblastoma shows cellular heterogeneity and lineage expansion support resistance to SHH inhibitor therapy.

Author: Ocasio JK, Babcock B, Malawsky D, Weir SJ, Loo L, Simon JM, Zylka MJ, Hwang D, Dismuke T, Sokolsky M, Rosen EP, Vibhakar R, Zhang J, Saulnier O, Vladoiu M, El-Hamamy I, Stein LD, Taylor MD, Smith KS, Northcott PA, Colaneri A, Wilhelmsen K, and Gershon TR
Published: 2022
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40. Reconstructing Complex Cancer Evolutionary Histories from Multiple Bulk DNA Samples Using Pairtree.

Author: Wintersinger JA, Dobson SM, Kulman E, Stein LD, Dick JE, and Morris Q
Subjects: DNA, Evolution, Molecular, Humans, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Algorithms, Neoplasms diagnosis
Abstract: Cancers are composed of genetically distinct subpopulations of malignant cells. DNA-sequencing data can be used to determine the somatic point mutations specific to each population and build clone trees describing the evolutionary relationships between them. These clone trees can reveal critical points in disease development and inform treatment. Pairtree is a new method that constructs more accurate and detailed clone trees than previously possible using variant allele frequency data from one or more bulk cancer samples. It does so by first building a Pairs Tensor that captures the evolutionary relationships between pairs of subpopulations, and then it uses these relations to constrain clone trees and infer violations of the infinite sites assumption. Pairtree can accurately build clone trees using up to 100 samples per cancer that contain 30 or more subclonal populations. On 14 B-progenitor acute lymphoblastic leukemias, Pairtree replicates or improves upon expert-derived clone tree reconstructions., Significance: Clone trees illustrate the evolutionary history of a cancer and can provide insights into how the disease changed through time (e.g., between diagnosis and relapse). Pairtree uses DNA-sequencing data from many samples of the same cancer to build more detailed and accurate clone trees than previously possible. See related commentary by Miller, p. 176. This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 171., (©2022 The Authors; Published by the American Association for Cancer Research.)
Published: 2022
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41. Evaluating the predictive accuracy of curated biological pathways in a public knowledgebase.

Author: Wright AJ, Orlic-Milacic M, Rothfels K, Weiser J, Trinh QM, Jassal B, Haw RA, and Stein LD
Subjects: Algorithms, Databases, Factual, Humans, Signal Transduction, Biological Phenomena, Knowledge Bases
Abstract: Abstract: Reactome is a database of human biological pathways manually curated from the primary literature and peer-reviewed by experts. To evaluate the utility of Reactome pathways for predicting functional consequences of genetic perturbations, we compared predictions of perturbation effects based on Reactome pathways against published empirical observations. Ten cancer-relevant Reactome pathways, representing diverse biological processes such as signal transduction, cell division, DNA repair and transcriptional regulation, were selected for testing. For each pathway, root input nodes and key pathway outputs were defined. We then used pathway-diagram-derived logic graphs to predict, either by inspection by biocurators or using a novel algorithm MP-BioPath, the effects of bidirectional perturbations (upregulation/activation or downregulation/inhibition) of single root inputs on the status of key outputs. These predictions were then compared to published empirical tests. In total, 4968 test cases were analyzed across 10 pathways, of which 847 were supported by published empirical findings. Out of the 847 test cases, curators' predictions agreed with the experimental evidence in 670 and disagreed in 177 cases, resulting in ∼81% overall accuracy. MP-BioPath predictions agreed with experimental evidence for 625 and disagreed for 222 test cases, resulting in ∼75% overall accuracy. The expected accuracy of random guessing was 33%. Per-pathway accuracy did not correlate with the number of pathway edges nor the number of pathway nodes but varied across pathways, ranging from 56% (curator)/44% (MP-BioPath) for 'Mitotic G1 phase and G1/S transition' to 100% (curator)/94% (MP-BioPath) for 'RAF/MAP kinase cascade'. This study highlights the potential of pathway databases such as Reactome in modeling genetic perturbations, promoting standardization of experimental pathway activity readout and supporting hypothesis-driven research by revealing relationships between pathway inputs and outputs that have not yet been directly experimentally tested., Database Url: www.reactome.org., (© The Author(s) 2022. Published by Oxford University Press.)
Published: 2022
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42. PanCancer analysis of somatic mutations in repetitive regions reveals recurrent mutations in snRNA U2.

Author: Bousquets-Muñoz P, Díaz-Navarro A, Nadeu F, Sánchez-Pitiot A, López-Tamargo S, Shuai S, Balbín M, Tubio JMC, Beà S, Martin-Subero JI, Gutiérrez-Fernández A, Stein LD, Campo E, and Puente XS
Abstract: Current somatic mutation callers are biased against repetitive regions, preventing the identification of potential driver alterations in these loci. We developed a mutation caller for repetitive regions, and applied it to study repetitive non protein-coding genes in more than 2200 whole-genome cases. We identified a recurrent mutation at position c.28 in the gene encoding the snRNA U2. This mutation is present in B-cell derived tumors, as well as in prostate and pancreatic cancer, suggesting U2 c.28 constitutes a driver candidate associated with worse prognosis. We showed that the GRCh37 reference genome is incomplete, lacking the U2 cluster in chromosome 17, preventing the identification of mutations in this gene. Furthermore, the 5'-flanking region of WDR74, previously described as frequently mutated in cancer, constitutes a functional copy of U2. These data reinforce the relevance of non-coding mutations in cancer, and highlight current challenges of cancer genomic research in characterizing mutations affecting repetitive genes., (© 2022. The Author(s).)
Published: 2022
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43. COVID-19 Disease Map, a computational knowledge repository of virus-host interaction mechanisms.

Author: Ostaszewski M, Niarakis A, Mazein A, Kuperstein I, Phair R, Orta-Resendiz A, Singh V, Aghamiri SS, Acencio ML, Glaab E, Ruepp A, Fobo G, Montrone C, Brauner B, Frishman G, Monraz Gómez LC, Somers J, Hoch M, Kumar Gupta S, Scheel J, Borlinghaus H, Czauderna T, Schreiber F, Montagud A, Ponce de Leon M, Funahashi A, Hiki Y, Hiroi N, Yamada TG, Dräger A, Renz A, Naveez M, Bocskei Z, Messina F, Börnigen D, Fergusson L, Conti M, Rameil M, Nakonecnij V, Vanhoefer J, Schmiester L, Wang M, Ackerman EE, Shoemaker JE, Zucker J, Oxford K, Teuton J, Kocakaya E, Summak GY, Hanspers K, Kutmon M, Coort S, Eijssen L, Ehrhart F, Rex DAB, Slenter D, Martens M, Pham N, Haw R, Jassal B, Matthews L, Orlic-Milacic M, Senff-Ribeiro A, Rothfels K, Shamovsky V, Stephan R, Sevilla C, Varusai T, Ravel JM, Fraser R, Ortseifen V, Marchesi S, Gawron P, Smula E, Heirendt L, Satagopam V, Wu G, Riutta A, Golebiewski M, Owen S, Goble C, Hu X, Overall RW, Maier D, Bauch A, Gyori BM, Bachman JA, Vega C, Grouès V, Vazquez M, Porras P, Licata L, Iannuccelli M, Sacco F, Nesterova A, Yuryev A, de Waard A, Turei D, Luna A, Babur O, Soliman S, Valdeolivas A, Esteban-Medina M, Peña-Chilet M, Rian K, Helikar T, Puniya BL, Modos D, Treveil A, Olbei M, De Meulder B, Ballereau S, Dugourd A, Naldi A, Noël V, Calzone L, Sander C, Demir E, Korcsmaros T, Freeman TC, Augé F, Beckmann JS, Hasenauer J, Wolkenhauer O, Willighagen EL, Pico AR, Evelo CT, Gillespie ME, Stein LD, Hermjakob H, D'Eustachio P, Saez-Rodriguez J, Dopazo J, Valencia A, Kitano H, Barillot E, Auffray C, Balling R, and Schneider R
Published: 2021
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44. GA4GH: International policies and standards for data sharing across genomic research and healthcare.

Author: Rehm HL, Page AJH, Smith L, Adams JB, Alterovitz G, Babb LJ, Barkley MP, Baudis M, Beauvais MJS, Beck T, Beckmann JS, Beltran S, Bernick D, Bernier A, Bonfield JK, Boughtwood TF, Bourque G, Bowers SR, Brookes AJ, Brudno M, Brush MH, Bujold D, Burdett T, Buske OJ, Cabili MN, Cameron DL, Carroll RJ, Casas-Silva E, Chakravarty D, Chaudhari BP, Chen SH, Cherry JM, Chung J, Cline M, Clissold HL, Cook-Deegan RM, Courtot M, Cunningham F, Cupak M, Davies RM, Denisko D, Doerr MJ, Dolman LI, Dove ES, Dursi LJ, Dyke SOM, Eddy JA, Eilbeck K, Ellrott KP, Fairley S, Fakhro KA, Firth HV, Fitzsimons MS, Fiume M, Flicek P, Fore IM, Freeberg MA, Freimuth RR, Fromont LA, Fuerth J, Gaff CL, Gan W, Ghanaim EM, Glazer D, Green RC, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Grossman RL, Groza T, Auvil JMG, Guigó R, Gupta D, Haendel MA, Hamosh A, Hansen DP, Hart RK, Hartley DM, Haussler D, Hendricks-Sturrup RM, Ho CWL, Hobb AE, Hoffman MM, Hofmann OM, Holub P, Hsu JS, Hubaux JP, Hunt SE, Husami A, Jacobsen JO, Jamuar SS, Janes EL, Jeanson F, Jené A, Johns AL, Joly Y, Jones SJM, Kanitz A, Kato K, Keane TM, Kekesi-Lafrance K, Kelleher J, Kerry G, Khor SS, Knoppers BM, Konopko MA, Kosaki K, Kuba M, Lawson J, Leinonen R, Li S, Lin MF, Linden M, Liu X, Udara Liyanage I, Lopez J, Lucassen AM, Lukowski M, Mann AL, Marshall J, Mattioni M, Metke-Jimenez A, Middleton A, Milne RJ, Molnár-Gábor F, Mulder N, Munoz-Torres MC, Nag R, Nakagawa H, Nasir J, Navarro A, Nelson TH, Niewielska A, Nisselle A, Niu J, Nyrönen TH, O'Connor BD, Oesterle S, Ogishima S, Wang VO, Paglione LAD, Palumbo E, Parkinson HE, Philippakis AA, Pizarro AD, Prlic A, Rambla J, Rendon A, Rider RA, Robinson PN, Rodarmer KW, Rodriguez LL, Rubin AF, Rueda M, Rushton GA, Ryan RS, Saunders GI, Schuilenburg H, Schwede T, Scollen S, Senf A, Sheffield NC, Skantharajah N, Smith AV, Sofia HJ, Spalding D, Spurdle AB, Stark Z, Stein LD, Suematsu M, Tan P, Tedds JA, Thomson AA, Thorogood A, Tickle TL, Tokunaga K, Törnroos J, Torrents D, Upchurch S, Valencia A, Guimera RV, Vamathevan J, Varma S, Vears DF, Viner C, Voisin C, Wagner AH, Wallace SE, Walsh BP, Williams MS, Winkler EC, Wold BJ, Wood GM, Woolley JP, Yamasaki C, Yates AD, Yung CK, Zass LJ, Zaytseva K, Zhang J, Goodhand P, North K, and Birney E
Abstract: The Global Alliance for Genomics and Health (GA4GH) aims to accelerate biomedical advances by enabling the responsible sharing of clinical and genomic data through both harmonized data aggregation and federated approaches. The decreasing cost of genomic sequencing (along with other genome-wide molecular assays) and increasing evidence of its clinical utility will soon drive the generation of sequence data from tens of millions of humans, with increasing levels of diversity. In this perspective, we present the GA4GH strategies for addressing the major challenges of this data revolution. We describe the GA4GH organization, which is fueled by the development efforts of eight Work Streams and informed by the needs of 24 Driver Projects and other key stakeholders. We present the GA4GH suite of secure, interoperable technical standards and policy frameworks and review the current status of standards, their relevance to key domains of research and clinical care, and future plans of GA4GH. Broad international participation in building, adopting, and deploying GA4GH standards and frameworks will catalyze an unprecedented effort in data sharing that will be critical to advancing genomic medicine and ensuring that all populations can access its benefits.
Published: 2021
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45. COVID19 Disease Map, a computational knowledge repository of virus-host interaction mechanisms.

Author: Ostaszewski M, Niarakis A, Mazein A, Kuperstein I, Phair R, Orta-Resendiz A, Singh V, Aghamiri SS, Acencio ML, Glaab E, Ruepp A, Fobo G, Montrone C, Brauner B, Frishman G, Monraz Gómez LC, Somers J, Hoch M, Kumar Gupta S, Scheel J, Borlinghaus H, Czauderna T, Schreiber F, Montagud A, Ponce de Leon M, Funahashi A, Hiki Y, Hiroi N, Yamada TG, Dräger A, Renz A, Naveez M, Bocskei Z, Messina F, Börnigen D, Fergusson L, Conti M, Rameil M, Nakonecnij V, Vanhoefer J, Schmiester L, Wang M, Ackerman EE, Shoemaker JE, Zucker J, Oxford K, Teuton J, Kocakaya E, Summak GY, Hanspers K, Kutmon M, Coort S, Eijssen L, Ehrhart F, Rex DAB, Slenter D, Martens M, Pham N, Haw R, Jassal B, Matthews L, Orlic-Milacic M, Senff Ribeiro A, Rothfels K, Shamovsky V, Stephan R, Sevilla C, Varusai T, Ravel JM, Fraser R, Ortseifen V, Marchesi S, Gawron P, Smula E, Heirendt L, Satagopam V, Wu G, Riutta A, Golebiewski M, Owen S, Goble C, Hu X, Overall RW, Maier D, Bauch A, Gyori BM, Bachman JA, Vega C, Grouès V, Vazquez M, Porras P, Licata L, Iannuccelli M, Sacco F, Nesterova A, Yuryev A, de Waard A, Turei D, Luna A, Babur O, Soliman S, Valdeolivas A, Esteban-Medina M, Peña-Chilet M, Rian K, Helikar T, Puniya BL, Modos D, Treveil A, Olbei M, De Meulder B, Ballereau S, Dugourd A, Naldi A, Noël V, Calzone L, Sander C, Demir E, Korcsmaros T, Freeman TC, Augé F, Beckmann JS, Hasenauer J, Wolkenhauer O, Wilighagen EL, Pico AR, Evelo CT, Gillespie ME, Stein LD, Hermjakob H, D'Eustachio P, Saez-Rodriguez J, Dopazo J, Valencia A, Kitano H, Barillot E, Auffray C, Balling R, and Schneider R
Subjects: Antiviral Agents therapeutic use, COVID-19 genetics, COVID-19 virology, Computer Graphics, Cytokines genetics, Cytokines immunology, Data Mining statistics & numerical data, Gene Expression Regulation, Host Microbial Interactions genetics, Host Microbial Interactions immunology, Humans, Immunity, Cellular drug effects, Immunity, Humoral drug effects, Immunity, Innate drug effects, Lymphocytes drug effects, Lymphocytes immunology, Lymphocytes virology, Metabolic Networks and Pathways genetics, Metabolic Networks and Pathways immunology, Myeloid Cells drug effects, Myeloid Cells immunology, Myeloid Cells virology, Protein Interaction Mapping, SARS-CoV-2 drug effects, SARS-CoV-2 genetics, SARS-CoV-2 pathogenicity, Signal Transduction, Transcription Factors genetics, Transcription Factors immunology, Viral Proteins genetics, Viral Proteins immunology, COVID-19 Drug Treatment, COVID-19 immunology, Computational Biology methods, Databases, Factual, SARS-CoV-2 immunology, Software
Abstract: We need to effectively combine the knowledge from surging literature with complex datasets to propose mechanistic models of SARS-CoV-2 infection, improving data interpretation and predicting key targets of intervention. Here, we describe a large-scale community effort to build an open access, interoperable and computable repository of COVID-19 molecular mechanisms. The COVID-19 Disease Map (C19DMap) is a graphical, interactive representation of disease-relevant molecular mechanisms linking many knowledge sources. Notably, it is a computational resource for graph-based analyses and disease modelling. To this end, we established a framework of tools, platforms and guidelines necessary for a multifaceted community of biocurators, domain experts, bioinformaticians and computational biologists. The diagrams of the C19DMap, curated from the literature, are integrated with relevant interaction and text mining databases. We demonstrate the application of network analysis and modelling approaches by concrete examples to highlight new testable hypotheses. This framework helps to find signatures of SARS-CoV-2 predisposition, treatment response or prioritisation of drug candidates. Such an approach may help deal with new waves of COVID-19 or similar pandemics in the long-term perspective., (© 2021 The Authors. Published under the terms of the CC BY 4.0 license.)
Published: 2021
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46. Ewing Sarcoma-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Impair Dendritic Cell Maturation and Function.

Author: Gassmann H, Schneider K, Evdokimova V, Ruzanov P, Schober SJ, Xue B, von Heyking K, Thiede M, Richter GHS, Pfaffl MW, Noessner E, Stein LD, Sorensen PH, Burdach SEG, and Thiel U
Subjects: Adaptive Immunity, B7-1 Antigen metabolism, Cell Differentiation, Cell Line, Dendritic Cells cytology, Dendritic Cells immunology, Extracellular Vesicles transplantation, Fibroblasts cytology, Fibroblasts metabolism, Humans, Interleukin-10 metabolism, Interleukin-6 metabolism, Lymphocyte Activation, Monocytes cytology, Monocytes metabolism, Sarcoma, Ewing metabolism, Sarcoma, Ewing pathology, T-Lymphocytes cytology, T-Lymphocytes immunology, Transcriptome, Tumor Microenvironment, Dendritic Cells metabolism, Extracellular Vesicles metabolism
Abstract: Ewing sarcoma (EwS) is an aggressive pediatric cancer of bone and soft tissues characterized by scant T cell infiltration and predominance of immunosuppressive myeloid cells. Given the important roles of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in cancer-host crosstalk, we hypothesized that EVs secreted by EwS tumors target myeloid cells and promote immunosuppressive phenotypes. Here, EVs were purified from EwS and fibroblast cell lines and exhibited characteristics of small EVs, including size (100-170 nm) and exosome markers CD63, CD81, and TSG101. Treatment of healthy donor-derived CD33 + and CD14 + myeloid cells with EwS EVs but not with fibroblast EVs induced pro-inflammatory cytokine release, including IL-6, IL-8, and TNF. Furthermore, EwS EVs impaired differentiation of these cells towards monocytic-derived dendritic cells (moDCs), as evidenced by reduced expression of co-stimulatory molecules CD80, CD86 and HLA-DR. Whole transcriptome analysis revealed activation of gene expression programs associated with immunosuppressive phenotypes and pro-inflammatory responses. Functionally, moDCs differentiated in the presence of EwS EVs inhibited CD4 + and CD8 + T cell proliferation as well as IFNγ release, while inducing secretion of IL-10 and IL-6. Therefore, EwS EVs may promote a local and systemic pro-inflammatory environment and weaken adaptive immunity by impairing the differentiation and function of antigen-presenting cells.
Published: 2021
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47. The transcriptional landscape of Shh medulloblastoma.

Author: Skowron P, Farooq H, Cavalli FMG, Morrissy AS, Ly M, Hendrikse LD, Wang EY, Djambazian H, Zhu H, Mungall KL, Trinh QM, Zheng T, Dai S, Stucklin ASG, Vladoiu MC, Fong V, Holgado BL, Nor C, Wu X, Abd-Rabbo D, Bérubé P, Wang YC, Luu B, Suarez RA, Rastan A, Gillmor AH, Lee JJY, Zhang XY, Daniels C, Dirks P, Malkin D, Bouffet E, Tabori U, Loukides J, Doz FP, Bourdeaut F, Delattre OO, Masliah-Planchon J, Ayrault O, Kim SK, Meyronet D, Grajkowska WA, Carlotti CG, de Torres C, Mora J, Eberhart CG, Van Meir EG, Kumabe T, French PJ, Kros JM, Jabado N, Lach B, Pollack IF, Hamilton RL, Rao AAN, Giannini C, Olson JM, Bognár L, Klekner A, Zitterbart K, Phillips JJ, Thompson RC, Cooper MK, Rubin JB, Liau LM, Garami M, Hauser P, Li KKW, Ng HK, Poon WS, Yancey Gillespie G, Chan JA, Jung S, McLendon RE, Thompson EM, Zagzag D, Vibhakar R, Ra YS, Garre ML, Schüller U, Shofuda T, Faria CC, López-Aguilar E, Zadeh G, Hui CC, Ramaswamy V, Bailey SD, Jones SJ, Mungall AJ, Moore RA, Calarco JA, Stein LD, Bader GD, Reimand J, Ragoussis J, Weiss WA, Marra MA, Suzuki H, and Taylor MD
Subjects: Adolescent, Adult, Child, Child, Preschool, Female, Gene Regulatory Networks, Genetic Variation, Humans, Infant, Male, Middle Aged, Signal Transduction genetics, Young Adult, Cerebellar Neoplasms genetics, Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic, Hedgehog Proteins genetics, Medulloblastoma genetics, Transcriptome
Abstract: Sonic hedgehog medulloblastoma encompasses a clinically and molecularly diverse group of cancers of the developing central nervous system. Here, we use unbiased sequencing of the transcriptome across a large cohort of 250 tumors to reveal differences among molecular subtypes of the disease, and demonstrate the previously unappreciated importance of non-coding RNA transcripts. We identify alterations within the cAMP dependent pathway (GNAS, PRKAR1A) which converge on GLI2 activity and show that 18% of tumors have a genetic event that directly targets the abundance and/or stability of MYCN. Furthermore, we discover an extensive network of fusions in focally amplified regions encompassing GLI2, and several loss-of-function fusions in tumor suppressor genes PTCH1, SUFU and NCOR1. Molecular convergence on a subset of genes by nucleotide variants, copy number aberrations, and gene fusions highlight the key roles of specific pathways in the pathogenesis of Sonic hedgehog medulloblastoma and open up opportunities for therapeutic intervention.
Published: 2021
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48. Gramene 2021: harnessing the power of comparative genomics and pathways for plant research.

Author: Tello-Ruiz MK, Naithani S, Gupta P, Olson A, Wei S, Preece J, Jiao Y, Wang B, Chougule K, Garg P, Elser J, Kumari S, Kumar V, Contreras-Moreira B, Naamati G, George N, Cook J, Bolser D, D'Eustachio P, Stein LD, Gupta A, Xu W, Regala J, Papatheodorou I, Kersey PJ, Flicek P, Taylor C, Jaiswal P, and Ware D
Subjects: Crops, Agricultural, DNA Transposable Elements, Gene Duplication, Gene Ontology, Gene Regulatory Networks, Internet, Knowledge Bases, Metabolic Networks and Pathways, Molecular Sequence Annotation, Oryza genetics, Oryza metabolism, Plant Proteins metabolism, Plants classification, Plants metabolism, Polyploidy, Protein Interaction Mapping, Software, Zea mays genetics, Zea mays metabolism, Databases, Genetic, Gene Expression Regulation, Plant, Genome, Plant, Genomics methods, Plant Proteins genetics, Plants genetics
Abstract: Gramene (http://www.gramene.org), a knowledgebase founded on comparative functional analyses of genomic and pathway data for model plants and major crops, supports agricultural researchers worldwide. The resource is committed to open access and reproducible science based on the FAIR data principles. Since the last NAR update, we made nine releases; doubled the genome portal's content; expanded curated genes, pathways and expression sets; and implemented the Domain Informational Vocabulary Extraction (DIVE) algorithm for extracting gene function information from publications. The current release, #63 (October 2020), hosts 93 reference genomes-over 3.9 million genes in 122 947 families with orthologous and paralogous classifications. Plant Reactome portrays pathway networks using a combination of manual biocuration in rice (320 reference pathways) and orthology-based projections to 106 species. The Reactome platform facilitates comparison between reference and projected pathways, gene expression analyses and overlays of gene-gene interactions. Gramene integrates ontology-based protein structure-function annotation; information on genetic, epigenetic, expression, and phenotypic diversity; and gene functional annotations extracted from plant-focused journals using DIVE. We train plant researchers in biocuration of genes and pathways; host curated maize gene structures as tracks in the maize genome browser; and integrate curated rice genes and pathways in the Plant Reactome., (Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Nucleic Acids Research 2020.)
Published: 2021
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49. Landscape of somatic single nucleotide variants and indels in colorectal cancer and impact on survival.

Author: Zaidi SH, Harrison TA, Phipps AI, Steinfelder R, Trinh QM, Qu C, Banbury BL, Georgeson P, Grasso CS, Giannakis M, Adams JB, Alwers E, Amitay EL, Barfield RT, Berndt SI, Borozan I, Brenner H, Brezina S, Buchanan DD, Cao Y, Chan AT, Chang-Claude J, Connolly CM, Drew DA, Farris AB 3rd, Figueiredo JC, French AJ, Fuchs CS, Garraway LA, Gruber S, Guinter MA, Hamilton SR, Harlid S, Heisler LE, Hidaka A, Hopper JL, Huang WY, Huyghe JR, Jenkins MA, Krzyzanowski PM, Lemire M, Lin Y, Luo X, Mardis ER, McPherson JD, Miller JK, Moreno V, Mu XJ, Nishihara R, Papadopoulos N, Pasternack D, Quist MJ, Rafikova A, Reid EEG, Shinbrot E, Shirts BH, Stein LD, Teney CD, Timms L, Um CY, Van Guelpen B, Van Tassel M, Wang X, Wheeler DA, Yung CK, Hsu L, Ogino S, Gsur A, Newcomb PA, Gallinger S, Hoffmeister M, Campbell PT, Thibodeau SN, Sun W, Hudson TJ, and Peters U
Subjects: Colonic Neoplasms genetics, High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing, Humans, INDEL Mutation, Mutation, Prognosis, Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 genetics, Colorectal Neoplasms genetics, Neoplasm Proteins genetics
Abstract: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a biologically heterogeneous disease. To characterize its mutational profile, we conduct targeted sequencing of 205 genes for 2,105 CRC cases with survival data. Our data shows several findings in addition to enhancing the existing knowledge of CRC. We identify PRKCI, SPZ1, MUTYH, MAP2K4, FETUB, and TGFBR2 as additional genes significantly mutated in CRC. We find that among hypermutated tumors, an increased mutation burden is associated with improved CRC-specific survival (HR = 0.42, 95% CI: 0.21-0.82). Mutations in TP53 are associated with poorer CRC-specific survival, which is most pronounced in cases carrying TP53 mutations with predicted 0% transcriptional activity (HR = 1.53, 95% CI: 1.21-1.94). Furthermore, we observe differences in mutational frequency of several genes and pathways by tumor location, stage, and sex. Overall, this large study provides deep insights into somatic mutations in CRC, and their potential relationships with survival and tumor features.
Published: 2020
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50. Metabolic Regulation of the Epigenome Drives Lethal Infantile Ependymoma.

Author: Michealraj KA, Kumar SA, Kim LJY, Cavalli FMG, Przelicki D, Wojcik JB, Delaidelli A, Bajic A, Saulnier O, MacLeod G, Vellanki RN, Vladoiu MC, Guilhamon P, Ong W, Lee JJY, Jiang Y, Holgado BL, Rasnitsyn A, Malik AA, Tsai R, Richman CM, Juraschka K, Haapasalo J, Wang EY, De Antonellis P, Suzuki H, Farooq H, Balin P, Kharas K, Van Ommeren R, Sirbu O, Rastan A, Krumholtz SL, Ly M, Ahmadi M, Deblois G, Srikanthan D, Luu B, Loukides J, Wu X, Garzia L, Ramaswamy V, Kanshin E, Sánchez-Osuna M, El-Hamamy I, Coutinho FJ, Prinos P, Singh S, Donovan LK, Daniels C, Schramek D, Tyers M, Weiss S, Stein LD, Lupien M, Wouters BG, Garcia BA, Arrowsmith CH, Sorensen PH, Angers S, Jabado N, Dirks PB, Mack SC, Agnihotri S, Rich JN, and Taylor MD
Subjects: Animals, Brain Neoplasms genetics, Brain Neoplasms metabolism, Cell Line, Cell Proliferation genetics, DNA Methylation genetics, Epigenomics methods, Histones genetics, Histones metabolism, Humans, Infant, Lysine genetics, Lysine metabolism, Male, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Mutation genetics, Ependymoma genetics, Ependymoma metabolism, Epigenome genetics, Infratentorial Neoplasms genetics, Infratentorial Neoplasms metabolism
Abstract: Posterior fossa A (PFA) ependymomas are lethal malignancies of the hindbrain in infants and toddlers. Lacking highly recurrent somatic mutations, PFA ependymomas are proposed to be epigenetically driven tumors for which model systems are lacking. Here we demonstrate that PFA ependymomas are maintained under hypoxia, associated with restricted availability of specific metabolites to diminish histone methylation, and increase histone demethylation and acetylation at histone 3 lysine 27 (H3K27). PFA ependymomas initiate from a cell lineage in the first trimester of human development that resides in restricted oxygen. Unlike other ependymomas, transient exposure of PFA cells to ambient oxygen induces irreversible cellular toxicity. PFA tumors exhibit a low basal level of H3K27me3, and, paradoxically, inhibition of H3K27 methylation specifically disrupts PFA tumor growth. Targeting metabolism and/or the epigenome presents a unique opportunity for rational therapy for infants with PFA ependymoma., Competing Interests: Declaration of Interests The authors declare no competing interests., (Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2020
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