424 results on '"Steig, E."'
Search Results
2. Factors influencing terrestriality in primates of the Americas and Madagascar
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Eppley, Timothy M, Hoeks, Selwyn, Chapman, Colin A, Ganzhorn, Jörg U, Hall, Katie, Owen, Megan A, Adams, Dara B, Allgas, Néstor, Amato, Katherine R, Andriamahaihavana, McAntonin, Aristizabal, John F, Baden, Andrea L, Balestri, Michela, Barnett, Adrian A, Bicca-Marques, Júlio César, Bowler, Mark, Boyle, Sarah A, Brown, Meredith, Caillaud, Damien, Calegaro-Marques, Cláudia, Campbell, Christina J, Campera, Marco, Campos, Fernando A, Cardoso, Tatiane S, Carretero-Pinzón, Xyomara, Champion, Jane, Chaves, Óscar M, Chen-Kraus, Chloe, Colquhoun, Ian C, Dean, Brittany, Dubrueil, Colin, Ellis, Kelsey M, Erhart, Elizabeth M, Evans, Kayley JE, Fedigan, Linda M, Felton, Annika M, Ferreira, Renata G, Fichtel, Claudia, Fonseca, Manuel L, Fontes, Isadora P, Fortes, Vanessa B, Fumian, Ivanyr, Gibson, Dean, Guzzo, Guilherme B, Hartwell, Kayla S, Heymann, Eckhard W, Hilário, Renato R, Holmes, Sheila M, Irwin, Mitchell T, Johnson, Steig E, Kappeler, Peter M, Kelley, Elizabeth A, King, Tony, Knogge, Christoph, Koch, Flávia, Kowalewski, Martin M, Lange, Liselot R, Lauterbur, M Elise, Louis, Edward E, Lutz, Meredith C, Martínez, Jesús, Melin, Amanda D, de Melo, Fabiano R, Mihaminekena, Tsimisento H, Mogilewsky, Monica S, Moreira, Leandro S, Moura, Letícia A, Muhle, Carina B, Nagy-Reis, Mariana B, Norconk, Marilyn A, Notman, Hugh, O’Mara, M Teague, Ostner, Julia, Patel, Erik R, Pavelka, Mary SM, Pinacho-Guendulain, Braulio, Porter, Leila M, Pozo-Montuy, Gilberto, Raboy, Becky E, Rahalinarivo, Vololonirina, Raharinoro, Njaratiana A, Rakotomalala, Zafimahery, Ramos-Fernández, Gabriel, Rasamisoa, Delaïd C, Ratsimbazafy, Jonah, Ravaloharimanitra, Maholy, Razafindramanana, Josia, Razanaparany, Tojotanjona P, Righini, Nicoletta, Robson, Nicola M, da Rosa Gonçalves, Jonas, Sanamo, Justin, Santacruz, Nicole, Sato, Hiroki, Sauther, Michelle L, Scarry, Clara J, Serio-Silva, Juan Carlos, Shanee, Sam, de Souza Lins, Poliana GA, and Smith, Andrew C
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Life Below Water ,Americas ,Animals ,Biological Evolution ,Cercopithecidae ,Haplorhini ,Humans ,Madagascar ,Mammals ,Primates ,Trees ,primate communities ,primate evolution ,evolutionary transitions ,niche shift ,climate change - Abstract
Among mammals, the order Primates is exceptional in having a high taxonomic richness in which the taxa are arboreal, semiterrestrial, or terrestrial. Although habitual terrestriality is pervasive among the apes and African and Asian monkeys (catarrhines), it is largely absent among monkeys of the Americas (platyrrhines), as well as galagos, lemurs, and lorises (strepsirrhines), which are mostly arboreal. Numerous ecological drivers and species-specific factors are suggested to set the conditions for an evolutionary shift from arboreality to terrestriality, and current environmental conditions may provide analogous scenarios to those transitional periods. Therefore, we investigated predominantly arboreal, diurnal primate genera from the Americas and Madagascar that lack fully terrestrial taxa, to determine whether ecological drivers (habitat canopy cover, predation risk, maximum temperature, precipitation, primate species richness, human population density, and distance to roads) or species-specific traits (body mass, group size, and degree of frugivory) associate with increased terrestriality. We collated 150,961 observation hours across 2,227 months from 47 species at 20 sites in Madagascar and 48 sites in the Americas. Multiple factors were associated with ground use in these otherwise arboreal species, including increased temperature, a decrease in canopy cover, a dietary shift away from frugivory, and larger group size. These factors mostly explain intraspecific differences in terrestriality. As humanity modifies habitats and causes climate change, our results suggest that species already inhabiting hot, sparsely canopied sites, and exhibiting more generalized diets, are more likely to shift toward greater ground use.
- Published
- 2022
3. Can cyclone exposure explain behavioural and demographic variation among lemur species?
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Alison M. Behie, Travis S. Steffens, Keaghan Yaxley, Alan Vincent, Patricia C. Wright, Steig E. Johnson, and Mary S. M. Pavelka
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Medicine ,Science - Published
- 2024
4. A National-Level Assessment of Lemur Hunting Pressure in Madagascar
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Borgerson, Cortni, Johnson, Steig E., Hall, Emma, Brown, Kerry A., Narváez-Torres, Pamela R., Rasolofoniaina, Be Jean Rodolph, Razafindrapaoly, Be Noel, Merson, Samuel D., Thompson, Katharine E. T., Holmes, Sheila M., Louis, Jr, Edward E., and Golden, Christopher D.
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- 2022
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5. The gut microbiome as an indicator of habitat disturbance in a Critically Endangered lemur
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Nicolette McManus, Sheila M. Holmes, Edward E. Louis, Steig E. Johnson, Andrea L. Baden, and Katherine R. Amato
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Varecia ,Madagascar ,Diet ,Host-microbe ,Conservation ,Ecology ,QH540-549.5 ,Evolution ,QH359-425 - Abstract
Abstract Background Habitat disturbance affects the biology and health of animals globally. Understanding the factors that contribute to the differential responses of animals to habitat disturbance is critical for conservation. The gut microbiota represents a potential pathway through which host responses to habitat disturbance might be mediated. However, a lack of quantitative environmental data in many gut microbiome (GM) studies of wild animals limits our ability to pinpoint mechanisms through which habitat disturbance affects the GM. Here, we examine the impact of anthropogenic habitat disturbance on the diet and GM of the Critically Endangered black-and-white ruffed lemur (Varecia variegata editorum). We collected fecal samples and behavioral data from Varecia occupying habitats qualitatively categorized as primary forest, moderately disturbed forest, and heavily disturbed forest. Results Varecia diet and GM composition differed substantially across sites. Dietary richness predicted GM richness across sites, and overall GM composition was strongly correlated to diet composition. Additionally, the consumption of three specific food items positively correlated to the relative abundances of five microbial strains and one microbial genus across sites. However, diet did not explain all of the GM variation in our dataset, and differences in the GM were detected that were not correlated with diet, as measured. Conclusions Our data suggest that diet is an important influence on the Varecia GM across habitats and thus could be leveraged in novel conservation efforts in the future. However, other factors such as contact with humans should also be accounted for. Overall, we demonstrate that quantitative data describing host habitats must be paired with GM data to better target the specific mechanisms through which environmental change affects the GM.
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- 2021
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6. Can cyclone exposure explain behavioural and demographic variation among lemur species?
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Behie, Alison M., primary, Steffens, Travis S., additional, Yaxley, Keaghan, additional, Vincent, Alan, additional, Wright, Patricia C., additional, Johnson, Steig E., additional, and Pavelka, Mary S. M., additional
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- 2024
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7. Losing lemurs: Declining populations and land cover changes over space and time
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Narváez‐Torres, Pamela R., primary, Guthrie, Nicola K., additional, Brichieri‐Colombi, Typhenn A., additional, Razafindravelo, Cressant P., additional, Jacobson, Zachary S., additional, Tera, Fredo, additional, Rafidimanana, Daniel V., additional, Rahasivelo, Zé‐Elinah, additional, Petersen, Melody A., additional, Ramangason, Hasinala, additional, Randall, Lea, additional, McPherson, Jana M., additional, Frasier, Cynthia L., additional, Moehrenschlager, Axel, additional, Holmes, Sheila M., additional, Louis, Edward E., additional, and Johnson, Steig E., additional
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- 2024
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8. The moon’s influence on the activity of tropical forest mammals
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Bischof, Richard, primary, Vallejo-Vargas, Andrea F., additional, Semper-Pascual, Asunción, additional, Schowanek, Simon D., additional, Beaudrot, Lydia, additional, Turek, Daniel, additional, Jansen, Patrick A., additional, Rovero, Francesco, additional, Johnson, Steig E., additional, Lima, Marcela Guimarães Moreira, additional, Santos, Fernanda, additional, Uzabaho, Eustrate, additional, Espinosa, Santiago, additional, Ahumada, Jorge A., additional, Bitariho, Robert, additional, Salvador, Julia, additional, Mugerwa, Badru, additional, Sainge, Moses N., additional, and Sheil, Douglas, additional
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- 2024
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9. A Severe Lack of Evidence Limits Effective Conservation of the World’s Primates
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JUNKER, JESSICA, PETROVAN, SILVIU O., ARROYO-RODRÍGUEZ, VICTOR, BOONRATANA, RAMESH, BYLER, DIRCK, CHAPMAN, COLIN A., CHETRY, DILIP, CHEYNE, SUSAN M., CORNEJO, FANNY M., CORTÉS-ORTIZ, LILIANA, COWLISHAW, GUY, CHRISTIE, ALEC P., CROCKFORD, CATHERINE, DE LA TORRE, STELLA, DE MELO, FABIANO R., FAN, P., GRUETER, CYRIL C., GUZMÁN-CARO, DIANA C., HEYMANN, ECKHARD W., HERBINGER, ILKA, HOANG, MINH D., HORWICH, ROBERT H., HUMLE, TATYANA, IKEMEH, RACHEL A., IMONG, INAOYOM S., JERUSALINSKY, LEANDRO, JOHNSON, STEIG E., KAPPELER, PETER M., KIERULFF, MARIA CECÍLIA M., KONÉ, INZA, KORMOS, REBECCA, LE, KHAC Q., LI, BAOGUO, MARSHALL, ANDREW J., MEIJAARD, ERIK, MITTERMEIER, RUSSEL A., MUROYAMA, YASUYUKI, NEUGEBAUER, ELEONORA, ORTH, LISA, PALACIOS, ERWIN, PAPWORTH, SARAH K., PLUMPTRE, ANDREW J., RAWSON, BEN M., REFISCH, JOHANNES, RATSIMBAZAFY, JONAH, ROOS, CHRISTIAN, SETCHELL, JOANNA M., SMITH, REBECCA K., SOP, TENE, SCHWITZER, CHRISTOPH, SLATER, KERRY, STRUM, SHIRLEY C., SUTHERLAND, WILLIAM J., TALEBI, MAURÍCIO, WALLIS, JANETTE, WICH, SERGE, WILLIAMSON, ELIZABETH A., WITTIG, ROMAN M., and KÜHL, HJALMAR S.
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- 2020
10. Estimating the population size of lemurs based on their mutualistic food trees
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Herrera, James P., Borgerson, Cortni, Tongasoa, Lydia, Andriamahazoarivosoa, Pascal, Rasolofoniaina, B. J. Rodolph, Rakotondrafarasata, Eli R., Randrianasolo, J. L. Rado Ravoavy, Johnson, Steig E., Wright, Patricia C., and Golden, Christopher D.
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- 2018
11. The gut microbiome as an indicator of habitat disturbance in a Critically Endangered lemur
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McManus, Nicolette, Holmes, Sheila M., Louis, Jr., Edward E., Johnson, Steig E., Baden, Andrea L., and Amato, Katherine R.
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- 2021
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12. The Specialist Capuchin? Using Ecological Niche Models to Compare Niche Breadth in Mesoamerican Primates
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Johnson, Steig E., Brown, Kerry A., Barrett, Louise, Series Editor, Kalbitzer, Urs, editor, and Jack, Katharine M., editor
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- 2018
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13. Morphological variability or inter‐observer bias? A methodological toolkit to improve data quality of multi‐researcher datasets for the analysis of morphological variation
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Schüßler, Dominik, primary, Blanco, Marina B., additional, Guthrie, Nicola K., additional, Sgarlata, Gabriele M., additional, Dammhahn, Melanie, additional, Ernest, Refaly, additional, Evasoa, Mamy Rina, additional, Hasiniaina, Alida, additional, Hending, Daniel, additional, Jan, Fabien, additional, le Pors, Barbara, additional, Miller, Alex, additional, Olivieri, Gillian, additional, Rakotonanahary, Ando N., additional, Rakotondranary, Solofomalala Jacques, additional, Rakotondravony, Romule, additional, Ralantoharijaona, Tantely, additional, Ramananjato, Veronarindra, additional, Randrianambinina, Blanchard, additional, Raoelinjanakolona, Nancia N., additional, Rasoazanabary, Emilienne, additional, Rasoloarison, Rodin M., additional, Rasolofoson, David W., additional, Rasoloharijaona, Solofonirina, additional, Rasolondraibe, Emmanuel, additional, Roberts, Sam Hyde, additional, Teixeira, Helena, additional, van Elst, Tobias, additional, Johnson, Steig E., additional, Ganzhorn, Jörg U., additional, Chikhi, Lounès, additional, Kappeler, Peter M., additional, Louis, Edward E., additional, Salmona, Jordi, additional, and Radespiel, Ute, additional
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- 2023
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14. Edge effects on components of diversity and above-ground biomass in a tropical rainforest
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Razafindratsima, Onja H., Brown, Kerry A., Carvalho, Fabio, Johnson, Steig E., Wright, Patricia C., and Dunham, Amy E.
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- 2018
15. Sportive lemur diversity at Mananara-nord Biosphere Reserve, Madagascar
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Ramaromilanto, Borome, Lei, Runhua, Engberg, Shannon E, Johnson, Steig E, Sitzmann, Brandon D, Louis, Edward E., and BioStor
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- 2009
16. Fission-fusion dynamics in black-and-white ruffed lemurs may facilitate both feeding strategies and communal care of infants in a spatially and temporally variable environment
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Holmes, Sheila M., Gordon, Adam D., Louis, Edward E., and Johnson, Steig E.
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- 2016
17. Anthropogenic pressures drive population genetic structuring across a Critically Endangered lemur species range
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Baden, Andrea L., Mancini, Amanda N., Federman, Sarah, Holmes, Sheila M., Johnson, Steig E., Kamilar, Jason, Louis, Jr., Edward E., and Bradley, Brenda J.
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- 2019
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18. Lemurs in Fragmented Forests
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Holmes, Sheila M., primary, Louis, Edward E., additional, and Johnson, Steig E., additional
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- 2019
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19. Visual ecology of true lemurs suggests a cathemeral origin for the primate cone opsin polymorphism
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Valenta, Kim, Edwards, Melissa, Rafaliarison, Radoniaina R., Johnson, Steig E., Holmes, Sheila M., Brown, Kevin A., Dominy, Nathaniel J., Lehman, Shawn M., Parra, Esteban J., and Melin, Amanda D.
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- 2016
20. Change in climate, ocean and ice-sheet conditions in the Ross Embayment, Antarctica at 6 ka
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Steig, E. J., Hart, C. P., White, J. W. C., Cunningham, W. L., Davis, M. D., and Saltzman, E. S.
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climate change cooling Holocene ice sheet raised beach - Abstract
Evidence from the Ross embayment, Antarctica, suggests an abrupt cooling and a concomitant increase in sea-ice cover at about 6000 BP (6 ka). Stable-isotope (tSD) concentrations in the Taylor Dome ice core, at the western edge of the Ross embayment, decline rapidly after 6 ka, and continue to decline through the late Holocene. Methanesulfonic acid concentrations at Taylor Dome show opposite trends to tSD. Sediment cores from the western Ross Sea show a percentage minimum for the sea-ice diatom Fragilariopsis curta between 9 and 6 ka, when Taylor Dome
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- 1998
21. The Specialist Capuchin? Using Ecological Niche Models to Compare Niche Breadth in Mesoamerican Primates
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Johnson, Steig E., primary and Brown, Kerry A., additional
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- 2018
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22. Uncertainty in Reconstructing Paleo‐Elevation of the Antarctic Ice Sheet From Temperature‐Sensitive Ice Core Records
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Badgeley, J. A., primary, Steig, E. J., additional, and Dütsch, M., additional
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- 2022
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23. Characterizing precipitation and accumulation variability at Hercules dome, Antarctica
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Reusch, D., Steig, E., Fudge, T., Hills, B., Horlings, A., Holschuh, N., Christian, J., Davidge, L., Hoffman, A., O'Connor, G., Christianson, K., Kirkpatrick, L., and Erwin, E.
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Hercules Dome is an ice divide at the edge of the East Antarctic ice sheet, south of the Transantarctic Mountains at 86 °S, 105 °W, with optimal glaciological conditions for the recovery of a long, well-dated ice core. Understanding local variability of snow accumulation is an important step in interpreting ice core records, for regional context, to identify local patterns and to know where ice at depth originated. We explore the strengths/weaknesses of ice cores, ice-penetrating radar and meteorological forecast models for estimating precipitation and accumulation on varying time and space scales at this site.Annual layering in the 2002 72-m US-ITASE ice core 02-4 indicates an accumulation rate of 0.12 m/yr ice equivalent over the last 300 years while nearby radio-echo sounding traverse data suggest 0.09-0.11 m/yr over the past 18,000 years (Jacobel et al, 2005 with revisions). Recent (2019/20) site selection radar data yield a 420-year average rate of ~0.11-0.14 m/yr (Fudge et al, 2022).The Polar WRF-based Antarctic Mesoscale Prediction System (AMPS) archive provides 5+ years of operational meteorological forecasts at a spatial resolution (2.7 km) close to the feature scale of this region. ERA-5 provides a longer (40+ years), more consistent reanalysis dataset at a reduced scale (30 km). Neither of these models fully resolves site topography. Preliminary results indicate general agreement of model averages with prior glaciological/radar estimates. Additional analyses will investigate spatial and temporal variability in the model datasets.Comprehensive understanding will require further meteorological modeling, processing of recent field-based datasets and synthesis of results., The 28th IUGG General Assembly (IUGG2023) (Berlin 2023)
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- 2023
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24. Modeling co-occurrence between toxic prey and naïve predators in an incipient invasion
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Brown, Kerry A., Farris, Zach J., Yesuf, Gabriel, Gerber, Brian D., Rasambainarivo, Fidisoa, Karpanty, Sarah, Kelly, Marcella J., Razafimahaimodison, Jean Claude, Larney, Eileen, Wright, Patricia C., and Johnson, Steig E.
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- 2016
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25. Conservation of Malagasy Prosimians: A View from the Great Red Island
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Ratsimbazafy, Jonah H., Arrigo-Nelson, Summer J., Dollar, Luke, Holmes, Christopher M., Irwin, Mitchell T., Johnson, Steig E., Stevens, Nancy J., Wright, Patricia C., Masters, Judith, editor, Gamba, Marco, editor, and Génin, Fabien, editor
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- 2013
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26. Factors influencing terrestriality in primates of the Americas and Madagascar
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Eppley, Timothy M., Hoeks, Selwyn, Chapman, Colin A., Ganzhorn, Jörg U., Hall, Katie, Owen, Megan A., Adams, Dara B., Allgas, Néstor, Amato, Katherine R., Andriamahaihavana, McAntonin, Aristizabal, John F., Baden, Andrea L., Balestri, Michela, Barnett, Adrian A., Bicca-Marques, Júlio César, Bowler, Mark, Boyle, Sarah A., Brown, Meredith, Caillaud, Damien, Calegaro-Marques, Cláudia, Campbell, Christina J., Campera, Marco, Campos, Fernando A., Cardoso, Tatiane S., Carretero-Pinzón, Xyomara, Champion, Jane, Chaves, Óscar M., Chen-Kraus, Chloe, Colquhoun, Ian C., Dean, Brittany, Dubrueil, Colin, Ellis, Kelsey M., Erhart, Elizabeth M., Evans, Kayley J.E., Fedigan, Linda M., Felton, Annika M., Ferreira, Renata G., Fichtel, Claudia, Fonseca, Manuel L., Fontes, Isadora P., Fortes, Vanessa B., Fumian, Ivanyr, Gibson, Dean, Guzzo, Guilherme B., Hartwell, Kayla S., Heymann, Eckhard W., Hilário, Renato R., Holmes, Sheila M., Irwin, Mitchell T., Johnson, Steig E., Kappeler, Peter M., Kelley, Elizabeth A., King, Tony, Knogge, Christoph, Koch, Flávia, Kowalewski, Martin M., Lange, Liselot R., Lauterbur, M. Elise, Louis, Edward E., Jr., Lutz, Meredith C., Martínez, Jesús, Melin, Amanda D., de Melo, Fabiano R., Mihaminekena, Tsimisento H., Mogilewsky, Monica S., Moreira, Leandro S., Moura, Letícia A., Muhle, Carina B., Nagy-Reis, Mariana B., Norconk, Marilyn A., Notman, Hugh, O’Mara, M. Teague, Ostner, Julia, Patel, Erik R., Pavelka, Mary S.M., Pinacho-Guendulain, Braulio, Porter, Leila M., Pozo-Montuy, Gilberto, Raboy, Becky E., Rahalinarivo, Vololonirina, Raharinoro, Njaratiana A., Rakotomalala, Zafimahery, Ramos-Fernández, Gabriel, Rasamisoa, Delaïd C., Ratsimbazafy, Jonah, Ravaloharimanitra, Maholy, Razafindramanana, Josia, Razanaparany, Tojotanjona P., Righini, Nicoletta, Robson, Nicola M., da Rosa Gonçalves, Jonas, Sanamo, Justin, Santacruz, Nicole, Sato Hiroki, Sauther, Michelle L., Scarry, Clara J., Serio-Silva, Juan Carlos, Shanee, Sam, de Souza Lins, Poliana G.A., Smith, Andrew C., Smith Aguilar, Sandra E., Souza-Alves, João Pedro, Stavis, Vanessa Katherinne, Steffens, Kim J.E., Stone, Anita I., Strier, Karen B., Suarez, Scott A., Talebi, Maurício, Tecot, Stacey R., Tujague, M. Paula, Valenta, Kim, Van Belle, Sarie, Vasey, Natalie, Wallace, Robert B., Welch, Gilroy, Wright, Patricia C., Donati, Giuseppe, and Santini, Luca
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Mammals ,Primates ,primate communities ,evolutionary transitions ,Cercopithecidae ,Haplorhini ,Biological Evolution ,Trees ,climate change ,Madagascar ,Animals ,Humans ,Americas ,Life Below Water ,primate evolution ,niche shift - Abstract
Significance. Primates from the Americas and Madagascar are predominantly arboreal but occasionally descend to the ground. This increased ground use was associated with multiple ecological drivers, including increased temperature and a decrease in canopy cover, as well as species-specific traits, including a dietary shift away from fruits and larger group size. As anthropogenic impacts to habitats and climate worsen, our results suggest that diurnal species already inhabiting hot, sparsely canopied sites, and exhibiting more generalized diets, are more likely to shift toward greater ground use., Among mammals, the order Primates is exceptional in having a high taxonomic richness in which the taxa are arboreal, semiterrestrial, or terrestrial. Although habitual terrestriality is pervasive among the apes and African and Asian monkeys (catarrhines), it is largely absent among monkeys of the Americas (platyrrhines), as well as galagos, lemurs, and lorises (strepsirrhines), which are mostly arboreal. Numerous ecological drivers and species-specific factors are suggested to set the conditions for an evolutionary shift from arboreality to terrestriality, and current environmental conditions may provide analogous scenarios to those transitional periods. Therefore, we investigated predominantly arboreal, diurnal primate genera from the Americas and Madagascar that lack fully terrestrial taxa, to determine whether ecological drivers (habitat canopy cover, predation risk, maximum temperature, precipitation, primate species richness, human population density, and distance to roads) or species-specific traits (body mass, group size, and degree of frugivory) associate with increased terrestriality. We collated 150,961 observation hours across 2,227 months from 47 species at 20 sites in Madagascar and 48 sites in the Americas. Multiple factors were associated with ground use in these otherwise arboreal species, including increased temperature, a decrease in canopy cover, a dietary shift away from frugivory, and larger group size. These factors mostly explain intraspecific differences in terrestriality. As humanity modifies habitats and causes climate change, our results suggest that species already inhabiting hot, sparsely canopied sites, and exhibiting more generalized diets, are more likely to shift toward greater ground use.
- Published
- 2022
27. Variation in predicted COVID‐19 risk among lemurs and lorises
- Author
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Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, Canada Research Chairs, Natural Environment Research Council (UK), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), European Commission, Generalitat de Catalunya, Fundación la Caixa, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, National Institutes of Health (US), Rockefeller University, Melin, Amanda D. [0000-0002-0612-2514], Orkin, Joseph D. [0000-0001-6922-2072], Janiak, Mareike C. [0000-0002-7759-2556], Valenzuela, Alejandro [0000-0002-2252-3887], Kuderna, Lukas F. K. [0000-0002-9992-9295], Marrone, Frank [0000-0002-1735-0723], Ramangason, Hasinala [0000-0003-4222-7476], Horvath, Julie E. [0000-0002-6426-035X], Roos, Christian [0000-0003-0190-4266], Kitchener, Andrew C. [0000-0003-2594-0827], Khor, Chiea Chuen [0000-0002-1128-4729], Lim, Weng Khong [0000-0003-4391-1130], Umapathy, Govindhaswamy [0000-0003-4086-7445], Raveendran, Muthuswamy [0000-0001-6185-4059], Harris, R. Alan [0000-0002-7333-4752], Gut, Ivo [0000-0001-7219-632X], Gut, Marta [0000-0002-4063-7159], Lizano, Esther 0000-0003-3304-9807], Zinner, Dietmar [0000-0003-3967-8014], Manu, Sivakumara [0000-0002-9114-8793], Johnson, Steig E. [0000-0003-2257-8949], Fedrigo, Olivier [0000-0002-6450-7551], Farh, Kyle Kai-How [0000-0001-6947-8537], Rogers, Jeffrey [0000-0002-7374-6490], Marqués-Bonet, Tomàs [0000-0002-5597-3075], Navarro, Arcadi [0000-0003-2162-8246], Juan, David [0000-0003-1912-9667], Arora, Paramjit S. [0000-0001-5315-401X], Higham, James P. [0000-0002-1133-2030], Melin, Amanda D., Orkin, Joseph D., Janiak, Mareike C., Valenzuela, Alejandro, Kuderna, Lukas F. K., Marrone, Frank, Ramangason, Hasinala, Horvath, Julie E., Roos, Christian, Kitchener, Andrew C., Khor, Chiea Chuen, Lim, Weng Khong, Lee, Jessica G. H., Tan, Patrick, Umapathy, Govindhaswamy, Raveendran, Muthuswamy, Harris, R. Alan, Gut, Ivo, Gut, Marta, Lizano, Esther, Nadler, Tilo, Zinner, Dietmar, Le, Minh D., Manu, Sivakumara, Rabarivola, Clément J., Zaramody, Alphonse, Andriaholinirina, Nicole, Johnson, Steig E., Jarvis, Erich D., Fedrigo, Olivier, Wu, Dongdong, Zhang, Guojie, Farh, Kyle Kai-How, Rogers, Jeffrey, Marqués-Bonet, Tomàs, Navarro, Arcadi, Juan, David, Arora, Paramjit S., Higham, James P., Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, Canada Research Chairs, Natural Environment Research Council (UK), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), European Commission, Generalitat de Catalunya, Fundación la Caixa, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, National Institutes of Health (US), Rockefeller University, Melin, Amanda D. [0000-0002-0612-2514], Orkin, Joseph D. [0000-0001-6922-2072], Janiak, Mareike C. [0000-0002-7759-2556], Valenzuela, Alejandro [0000-0002-2252-3887], Kuderna, Lukas F. K. [0000-0002-9992-9295], Marrone, Frank [0000-0002-1735-0723], Ramangason, Hasinala [0000-0003-4222-7476], Horvath, Julie E. [0000-0002-6426-035X], Roos, Christian [0000-0003-0190-4266], Kitchener, Andrew C. [0000-0003-2594-0827], Khor, Chiea Chuen [0000-0002-1128-4729], Lim, Weng Khong [0000-0003-4391-1130], Umapathy, Govindhaswamy [0000-0003-4086-7445], Raveendran, Muthuswamy [0000-0001-6185-4059], Harris, R. Alan [0000-0002-7333-4752], Gut, Ivo [0000-0001-7219-632X], Gut, Marta [0000-0002-4063-7159], Lizano, Esther 0000-0003-3304-9807], Zinner, Dietmar [0000-0003-3967-8014], Manu, Sivakumara [0000-0002-9114-8793], Johnson, Steig E. [0000-0003-2257-8949], Fedrigo, Olivier [0000-0002-6450-7551], Farh, Kyle Kai-How [0000-0001-6947-8537], Rogers, Jeffrey [0000-0002-7374-6490], Marqués-Bonet, Tomàs [0000-0002-5597-3075], Navarro, Arcadi [0000-0003-2162-8246], Juan, David [0000-0003-1912-9667], Arora, Paramjit S. [0000-0001-5315-401X], Higham, James P. [0000-0002-1133-2030], Melin, Amanda D., Orkin, Joseph D., Janiak, Mareike C., Valenzuela, Alejandro, Kuderna, Lukas F. K., Marrone, Frank, Ramangason, Hasinala, Horvath, Julie E., Roos, Christian, Kitchener, Andrew C., Khor, Chiea Chuen, Lim, Weng Khong, Lee, Jessica G. H., Tan, Patrick, Umapathy, Govindhaswamy, Raveendran, Muthuswamy, Harris, R. Alan, Gut, Ivo, Gut, Marta, Lizano, Esther, Nadler, Tilo, Zinner, Dietmar, Le, Minh D., Manu, Sivakumara, Rabarivola, Clément J., Zaramody, Alphonse, Andriaholinirina, Nicole, Johnson, Steig E., Jarvis, Erich D., Fedrigo, Olivier, Wu, Dongdong, Zhang, Guojie, Farh, Kyle Kai-How, Rogers, Jeffrey, Marqués-Bonet, Tomàs, Navarro, Arcadi, Juan, David, Arora, Paramjit S., and Higham, James P.
- Abstract
The novel coronavirus SARS‐CoV‐2, which in humans leads to the disease COVID‐19, has caused global disruption and more than 2 million fatalities since it first emerged in late 2019. As we write, infection rates are at their highest point globally and are rising extremely rapidly in some areas due to more infectious variants. The primary target of SARS‐CoV‐2 is the cellular receptor angiotensin‐converting enzyme‐2 (ACE2). Recent sequence analyses of the ACE2 gene predict that many nonhuman primates are also likely to be highly susceptible to infection. However, the anticipated risk is not equal across the Order. Furthermore, some taxonomic groups show high ACE2 amino acid conservation, while others exhibit high variability at this locus. As an example of the latter, analyses of strepsirrhine primate ACE2 sequences to date indicate large variation among lemurs and lorises compared to other primate clades despite low sampling effort. Here, we report ACE2 gene and protein sequences for 71 individual strepsirrhines, spanning 51 species and 19 genera. Our study reinforces previous results while finding additional variability in other strepsirrhine species, and suggests several clades of lemurs have high potential susceptibility to SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. Troublingly, some species, including the rare and endangered aye‐aye (Daubentonia madagascariensis), as well as those in the genera Avahi and Propithecus, may be at high risk. Given that lemurs are endemic to Madagascar and among the primates at highest risk of extinction globally, further understanding of the potential threat of COVID‐19 to their health should be a conservation priority. All feasible actions should be taken to limit their exposure to SARS‐CoV‐2.
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- 2021
28. A National-Level Assessment of Lemur Hunting Pressure in Madagascar
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Edward E. Louis, Steig E. Johnson, Be Jean Rodolph Rasolofoniaina, Kerry A. Brown, Christopher D. Golden, Cortni Borgerson, Pamela R. Narváez-Torres, Katharine E. T. Thompson, Emma Hall, Be Noel Razafindrapaoly, Samuel D. Merson, and Sheila M. Holmes
- Subjects
genetic structures ,biology ,Ecology ,Population size ,Wildlife ,Lemur ,social sciences ,Rainforest ,geography ,Geography ,Animal ecology ,biology.animal ,Threatened species ,Conservation status ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Bushmeat ,human activities ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics - Abstract
Hunting is one of the greatest threats to nonhuman primates worldwide. Despite Madagascar’s status as a primate mega-diversity country, a critical lack of information on the hunting of lemurs at the national scale persists. Here, we synthesize the current state of knowledge of the annual rates of household-level lemur hunting near ten protected areas, representing most ecoregions in Madagascar. We examine geographic and taxonomic variation in lemur hunting, including an analysis of hunting relative to species density, extinction risk, and intrinsic ecological characteristics of species. We found that lemurs are commonly hunted across Madagascar; the rural households in our study ate, on average, more than one lemur each year, or a median of 4.1% of the lemur species’ population size where densities are known. However, this pressure varied significantly across sites and species, reaching its highest levels in the northeastern rainforest region. While hunting levels are concerning for numerous threatened species, hunting pressure was driven primarily by species availability, and among ecological traits, small body size was related to increased hunting; however, conservation status showed no such relationship. This first national-level assessment of hunting, including one-third of Madagascar’s lemur species and more than a tenth of the world’s primates, identifies regional variation and lemur taxa at acute risk from hunting—important steps toward developing targeted strategies to conserve one of the world’s most threatened groups of vertebrates.
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- 2021
29. Variation in predicted COVID-19 risk among lemurs and lorises
- Author
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Jeffrey Rogers, Dietmar Zinner, Tilo Nadler, Chiea Chuen Khor, Muthuswamy Raveendran, Weng Khong Lim, Tomas Marques-Bonet, Kyle Kai-How Farh, Frank Marrone, Alejandro E. J. Valenzuela, C. Rabarivola, Minh Duc Le, Erich D. Jarvis, Govindhaswamy Umapathy, Joseph D. Orkin, Hasinala Ramangason, Andrew C. Kitchener, Nicole Volasoa Andriaholinirina, Dong-Dong Wu, Paramjit S. Arora, Ivo Gut, Amanda D. Melin, Lukas F. K. Kuderna, Sivakumara Manu, Esther Lizano, Alphonse Zaramody, Olivier Fedrigo, Guojie Zhang, Mareike C Janiak, R. Alan Harris, Patrick Tan, Arcadi Navarro, Steig E. Johnson, David Juan, Christian Roos, James P. Higham, Marta Gut, Jessica G. H. Lee, Julie E. Horvath, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, Canada Research Chairs, Natural Environment Research Council (UK), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), European Commission, Generalitat de Catalunya, Fundación 'la Caixa', Howard Hughes Medical Institute, National Institutes of Health (US), Rockefeller University, Melin, Amanda D. [0000-0002-0612-2514], Orkin, Joseph D. [0000-0001-6922-2072], Janiak, Mareike C. [0000-0002-7759-2556], Valenzuela, Alejandro [0000-0002-2252-3887], Kuderna, Lukas F. K. [0000-0002-9992-9295], Marrone, Frank [0000-0002-1735-0723], Ramangason, Hasinala [0000-0003-4222-7476], Horvath, Julie E. [0000-0002-6426-035X], Roos, Christian [0000-0003-0190-4266], Kitchener, Andrew C. [0000-0003-2594-0827], Khor, Chiea Chuen [0000-0002-1128-4729], Lim, Weng Khong [0000-0003-4391-1130], Umapathy, Govindhaswamy [0000-0003-4086-7445], Raveendran, Muthuswamy [0000-0001-6185-4059], Harris, R. Alan [0000-0002-7333-4752], Gut, Ivo [0000-0001-7219-632X], Gut, Marta [0000-0002-4063-7159], Lizano, Esther 0000-0003-3304-9807], Zinner, Dietmar [0000-0003-3967-8014], Manu, Sivakumara [0000-0002-9114-8793], Johnson, Steig E. [0000-0003-2257-8949], Fedrigo, Olivier [0000-0002-6450-7551], Farh, Kyle Kai-How [0000-0001-6947-8537], Rogers, Jeffrey [0000-0002-7374-6490], Marqués-Bonet, Tomàs [0000-0002-5597-3075], Navarro, Arcadi [0000-0003-2162-8246], Juan, David [0000-0003-1912-9667], Arora, Paramjit S. [0000-0001-5315-401X], Higham, James P. [0000-0002-1133-2030], Melin, Amanda D., Orkin, Joseph D., Janiak, Mareike C., Valenzuela, Alejandro, Kuderna, Lukas F. K., Marrone, Frank, Ramangason, Hasinala, Horvath, Julie E., Roos, Christian, Kitchener, Andrew C., Khor, Chiea Chuen, Lim, Weng Khong, Umapathy, Govindhaswamy, Raveendran, Muthuswamy, Harris, R. Alan, Gut, Ivo, Gut, Marta, Zinner, Dietmar, Manu, Sivakumara, Johnson, Steig E., Fedrigo, Olivier, Farh, Kyle Kai-How, Rogers, Jeffrey, Marqués-Bonet, Tomàs, Navarro, Arcadi, Juan, David, Arora, Paramjit S., and Higham, James P.
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,Propithecus ,Endangered species ,Lemur ,Locus (genetics) ,COVID-19 (Malaltia) ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,Lèmurs ,Article ,Lorisidae ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Risk Factors ,biology.animal ,Animals ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Primate ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Taxonomic rank ,050102 behavioral science & comparative psychology ,Clade ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Research Articles ,030304 developmental biology ,0303 health sciences ,Extinction ,biology ,Lorísids ,05 social sciences ,Primate Diseases ,COVID-19 ,biology.organism_classification ,Evolutionary biology ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 ,Genètica ,Research Article - Abstract
Versión preprint disponible en: http://hdl.handle.net/10261/229066, The novel coronavirus SARS‐CoV‐2, which in humans leads to the disease COVID‐19, has caused global disruption and more than 2 million fatalities since it first emerged in late 2019. As we write, infection rates are at their highest point globally and are rising extremely rapidly in some areas due to more infectious variants. The primary target of SARS‐CoV‐2 is the cellular receptor angiotensin‐converting enzyme‐2 (ACE2). Recent sequence analyses of the ACE2 gene predict that many nonhuman primates are also likely to be highly susceptible to infection. However, the anticipated risk is not equal across the Order. Furthermore, some taxonomic groups show high ACE2 amino acid conservation, while others exhibit high variability at this locus. As an example of the latter, analyses of strepsirrhine primate ACE2 sequences to date indicate large variation among lemurs and lorises compared to other primate clades despite low sampling effort. Here, we report ACE2 gene and protein sequences for 71 individual strepsirrhines, spanning 51 species and 19 genera. Our study reinforces previous results while finding additional variability in other strepsirrhine species, and suggests several clades of lemurs have high potential susceptibility to SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. Troublingly, some species, including the rare and endangered aye‐aye (Daubentonia madagascariensis), as well as those in the genera Avahi and Propithecus, may be at high risk. Given that lemurs are endemic to Madagascar and among the primates at highest risk of extinction globally, further understanding of the potential threat of COVID‐19 to their health should be a conservation priority. All feasible actions should be taken to limit their exposure to SARS‐CoV‐2., ADM is supported bythe Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada(NSERC Discovery Grant) and Canada Research Chairs Program.MCJ's postdoctoral appointment is supported by funding from theNatural Environment Research Council (NERC NE/T000341/1). IGand MG acknowledge the support of the Spanish Ministry of Scienceand Innovation through the Instituto de Salud Carlos III and the2014–2020 Smart Growth Operating Program, to the EMBL part-nership and cofinancing with the European Regional DevelopmentFund (MINECO/FEDER, BIO201571792P). We also acknowledgethe support of the Centro de Excelencia Severo Ochoa, and theGeneralitat de Catalunya through the Departament de Salut, De-partament d'Empresa i Coneixement and the CERCA Programme.TMB is supported by funding from the European Research Council(ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and in-novation program (grant agreement No. 864203), BFU201786471P (MINECO/FEDER, UE), “Unidad de Excelencia María de Maeztu”,funded by the AEI (CEX2018000792M), Howard Hughes Interna-tional Early Career, Obra Social "La Caixa" and Secretaria d'Uni-versitats i Recerca and CERCA Programme del Departamentd'Economia i Coneixement de la Generalitat de Catalunya (GRC2017 SGR 880). PSA thanks the National Institutes of Health(R35GM130333) for financial support. EL is supported by CGL201782654P (MINECO/FEDER, UE). EDJ and OF's contributions weresupported by funds from Howard Hughes Medical Institute and theRockefeller University. Chris Smith drew the images for Figure 1. Theauthors would like to thank the Veterinary and Zoology staff atWildlife Reserves Singapore for their help in obtaining the tissuesamples, as well as the Lee Kong Chian Natural History Museum forstorage and provision of the tissue samples. Finally, we thank tworeviewers for quick and constructive comments, and Karen Bales forher supportive editorial oversight
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- 2021
30. Evolutionary Divergence in the Brown Lemur Species Complex
- Author
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Johnson, Steig E., Tuttle, Russell H., editor, Gould, Lisa, editor, and Sauther, Michelle L., editor
- Published
- 2007
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31. Environmental Correlates of Body Mass in True Lemurs (Eulemur spp.)
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Gordon, Adam D., Johnson, Steig E., and Louis, Jr., Edward E.
- Published
- 2016
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32. Niche Divergence in a Brown Lemur (Eulemur spp.) Hybrid Zone: Using Ecological Niche Models to Test Models of Stability
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Johnson, Steig E., Delmore, Kira E., Brown, Kerry A., Wyman, Tracy M., and Louis, Jr., Edward E.
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- 2016
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33. Aye-aye population genomic analyses highlight an important center of endemism in northern Madagascar
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Perry, George H., Louis,, Edward E., Ratan, Aakrosh, Bedoya-Reina, Oscar C., Burhans, Richard C., Lei, Runhua, Johnson, Steig E., Schuster, Stephan C., and Miller, Webb
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- 2013
34. Phylogenomic Reconstruction of Sportive Lemurs (genus Lepilemur) Recovered from Mitogenomes with Inferences for Madagascar Biogeography
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Lei, Runhua, Frasier, Cynthia L., Hawkins, Melissa T. R., Engberg, Shannon E., Bailey, Carolyn A., Johnson, Steig E., McLain, Adam T., Groves, Colin P., Perry, George H., Nash, Stephen D., Mittermeier, Russell A., and Louis, Edward E., Jr
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- 2017
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- View/download PDF
35. Madagascar Terrestrial Camera Survey Database 2021: A collation of protected forest camera surveys from 2007–2021
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Wampole, Erin M., primary, Gerber, Brian D., additional, Farris, Zach J., additional, Razafimahaimodison, Jean Claude, additional, Andrianarisoa, Mahandry Hugues, additional, Ralazampirenena, Claude Jacquot, additional, Wright, Patricia C., additional, Rasamisoa, C. Delaid, additional, Gibson, Dean, additional, Tobler, Mathias W., additional, Eppley, Timothy M., additional, Vasey, Natalie, additional, Johnson, Steig E., additional, Filla, Caitlynn, additional, Valenta, Kim, additional, Ross, Patrick, additional, Murphy, Asia, additional, Karpanty, Sarah M., additional, Kelly, Marcella J., additional, Anderson, Cullen, additional, Cardinal, Claire, additional, Donati, Giuseppe, additional, Razafy, Prisca, additional, Rafaliarison, Radoniaina, additional, Rasambainarivo, Fidisoa, additional, Razafindramanana, Josia, additional, Merson, Samuel D., additional, and Larney, Eileen, additional
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- 2022
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36. Gray-headed Lemur (Eulemur cinereiceps) Abundance and Forest Structure Dynamics at Manombo, Madagascar
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Johnson, Steig E., Ingraldi, Christina, Ralainasolo, Fidimalala B., Andriamaharoa, Hubert E., Ludovic, Reza, Birkinshaw, Christopher R., Wright, Patricia C., and Ratsimbazafy, Jonah H.
- Published
- 2011
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- View/download PDF
37. The role of nocturnal omnivorous lemurs as seed dispersers in Malagasy rain forests
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Veronarindra Ramananjato, Zo E. S. Fenosoa, Onja H. Razafindratsima, Daniel S. Park, Nicola K. Guthrie, Camille M. M. DeSisto, Steig E. Jonhson, Zafimahery Rakotomalala, and Nancia N. Raoelinjanakolona
- Subjects
Mouse lemur ,biology ,Ecology ,Seed dispersal ,biology.animal ,Lemur ,Omnivore ,Rainforest ,Nocturnal ,Tropical forest ,biology.organism_classification ,Regeneration (ecology) ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics - Published
- 2020
38. Madagascar Terrestrial Camera Survey Database 2021: A collation of protected forest camera surveys from 2007-2021
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Erin M. Wampole, Brian D. Gerber, Zach J. Farris, Jean Claude Razafimahaimodison, Mahandry Hugues Andrianarisoa, Claude Jacquot Ralazampirenena, Patricia C. Wright, C. Delaid Rasamisoa, Dean Gibson, Mathias W. Tobler, Timothy M. Eppley, Natalie Vasey, Steig E. Johnson, Caitlynn Filla, Kim Valenta, Patrick Ross, Asia Murphy, Sarah M. Karpanty, Marcella J. Kelly, Cullen Anderson, Claire Cardinal, Giuseppe Donati, Prisca Razafy, Radoniaina Rafaliarison, Fidisoa Rasambainarivo, Josia Razafindramanana, Samuel D. Merson, and Eileen Larney
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Birds ,Mammals ,Swine ,Madagascar ,Animals ,Humans ,Biodiversity ,Forests ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics - Abstract
Madagascar is a threatened global biodiversity hotspot and conservation priority, yet we lack broad-scale surveys to assess biodiversity across space and time. To fill this gap, we collated camera trap surveys, capturing species occurrences within Madagascar into a single standardized database. This data set includes nine distinct protected areas of Madagascar and encompasses 13 subprojects, 38 camera arrays, and 1156 sampling units (independent camera site per survey) within two important biodiversity eco-regions: western dry deciduous forest and eastern humid rainforest. Camera surveys were conducted from June 2007 to January 2021. The final data set includes 17 unique families of mammals (Bovidae, Canidae, Cheirogaleidae, Daubentoniidae, Equidae, Eupleridae, Felidae, Hominidae, Indriidae, Lemuridae, Lepilemuridae, Muridae, Nesomyidae, Pteropodidae, Soricidae, Suidae, Tenrecidae) comprising 45 species and 27 unique families of birds (Accipitridae, Acrocephalidae, Alcedinidae, Bernieridae, Brachypteraciidae, Caprimulgidae, Cisticolidae, Columbidae, Coraciidae, Corvidae, Cuculidae, Dicruridae, Mesitornithidae, Monarchidae, Motacillidae, Muscicapidae, Numididae, Phasianidae, Rallidae, Sarothruridae, Strigidae, Sturnidae, Sulidae, Threskiornithidae, Upupidae, Vangidae, Zosteropidae) comprising 58 species. Images were processed and verified by individual project data set creators and camera operation and species tables were then collated. The final product represents the first broad-scale freely available standardized formal faunal database for Madagascar. Data are available through this publication and at DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5801806. These data will be useful for examining species-level and community-level trends in occurrence across space or time within Madagascar and globally, evaluating native and invasive species dynamics, and will aid in determining species conservation status and planning for at-risk species. There are no copyright restrictions; please cite this paper when using the data for publication.
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- 2022
39. Factors influencing terrestriality in primates of the Americas and Madagascar
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Timothy M. Eppley, Selwyn Hoeks, Colin A. Chapman, Jörg U. Ganzhorn, Katie Hall, Megan A. Owen, Dara B. Adams, Néstor Allgas, Katherine R. Amato, McAntonin Andriamahaihavana, John F. Aristizabal, Andrea L. Baden, Michela Balestri, Adrian A. Barnett, Júlio César Bicca-Marques, Mark Bowler, Sarah A. Boyle, Meredith Brown, Damien Caillaud, Cláudia Calegaro-Marques, Christina J. Campbell, Marco Campera, Fernando A. Campos, Tatiane S. Cardoso, Xyomara Carretero-Pinzón, Jane Champion, Óscar M. Chaves, Chloe Chen-Kraus, Ian C. Colquhoun, Brittany Dean, Colin Dubrueil, Kelsey M. Ellis, Elizabeth M. Erhart, Kayley J. E. Evans, Linda M. Fedigan, Annika M. Felton, Renata G. Ferreira, Claudia Fichtel, Manuel L. Fonseca, Isadora P. Fontes, Vanessa B. Fortes, Ivanyr Fumian, Dean Gibson, Guilherme B. Guzzo, Kayla S. Hartwell, Eckhard W. Heymann, Renato R. Hilário, Sheila M. Holmes, Mitchell T. Irwin, Steig E. Johnson, Peter M. Kappeler, Elizabeth A. Kelley, Tony King, Christoph Knogge, Flávia Koch, Martin M. Kowalewski, Liselot R. Lange, M. Elise Lauterbur, Edward E. Louis, Meredith C. Lutz, Jesús Martínez, Amanda D. Melin, Fabiano R. de Melo, Tsimisento H. Mihaminekena, Monica S. Mogilewsky, Leandro S. Moreira, Letícia A. Moura, Carina B. Muhle, Mariana B. Nagy-Reis, Marilyn A. Norconk, Hugh Notman, M. Teague O’Mara, Julia Ostner, Erik R. Patel, Mary S. M. Pavelka, Braulio Pinacho-Guendulain, Leila M. Porter, Gilberto Pozo-Montuy, Becky E. Raboy, Vololonirina Rahalinarivo, Njaratiana A. Raharinoro, Zafimahery Rakotomalala, Gabriel Ramos-Fernández, Delaïd C. Rasamisoa, Jonah Ratsimbazafy, Maholy Ravaloharimanitra, Josia Razafindramanana, Tojotanjona P. Razanaparany, Nicoletta Righini, Nicola M. Robson, Jonas da Rosa Gonçalves, Justin Sanamo, Nicole Santacruz, Hiroki Sato, Michelle L. Sauther, Clara J. Scarry, Juan Carlos Serio-Silva, Sam Shanee, Poliana G. A. de Souza Lins, Andrew C. Smith, Sandra E. Smith Aguilar, João Pedro Souza-Alves, Vanessa Katherinne Stavis, Kim J. E. Steffens, Anita I. Stone, Karen B. Strier, Scott A. Suarez, Maurício Talebi, Stacey R. Tecot, M. Paula Tujague, Kim Valenta, Sarie Van Belle, Natalie Vasey, Robert B. Wallace, Gilroy Welch, Patricia C. Wright, Giuseppe Donati, and Luca Santini
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primate communities ,Mammals ,Primates ,Multidisciplinary ,evolutionary transitions ,Cercopithecidae ,Haplorhini ,Biological Evolution ,Trees ,climate change ,Madagascar ,Animals ,Humans ,Americas ,primate evolution ,Environmental Sciences ,niche shift - Abstract
Among mammals, the order Primates is exceptional in having a high taxonomic richness in which the taxa are arboreal, semiterrestrial, or terrestrial. Although habitual terrestriality is pervasive among the apes and African and Asian monkeys (catarrhines), it is largely absent among monkeys of the Americas (platyrrhines), as well as galagos, lemurs, and lorises (strepsirrhines), which are mostly arboreal. Numerous ecological drivers and species-specific factors are suggested to set the conditions for an evolutionary shift from arboreality to terrestriality, and current environmental conditions may provide analogous scenarios to those transitional periods. Therefore, we investigated predominantly arboreal, diurnal primate genera from the Americas and Madagascar that lack fully terrestrial taxa, to determine whether ecological drivers (habitat canopy cover, predation risk, maximum temperature, precipitation, primate species richness, human population density, and distance to roads) or species-specific traits (body mass, group size, and degree of frugivory) associate with increased terrestriality. We collated 150,961 observation hours across 2,227 months from 47 species at 20 sites in Madagascar and 48 sites in the Americas. Multiple factors were associated with ground use in these otherwise arboreal species, including increased temperature, a decrease in canopy cover, a dietary shift away from frugivory, and larger group size. These factors mostly explain intraspecific differences in terrestriality. As humanity modifies habitats and causes climate change, our results suggest that species already inhabiting hot, sparsely canopied sites, and exhibiting more generalized diets, are more likely to shift toward greater ground use.
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- 2022
40. A Review of Antarctic Surface Snow Isotopic Composition : Observations, Atmospheric Circulation, and Isotopic Modeling
- Author
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Masson-Delmotte, V., Hou, S., Ekaykin, A., Jouzel, J., Aristarain, A., Bernardo, R. T., Bromwich, D., Cattani, O., Delmotte, M., Falourd, S., Frezzotti, M., Gallée, H., Genoni, L., Isaksson, E., Landais, A., Helsen, M. M., Hoffmann, G., Lopez, J., Morgan, V., Motoyama, H., Noone, D., Oerter, H., Petit, J. R., Royer, A., Uemura, R., Schmidt, G. A., Schlosser, E., Simões, J. C., Steig, E. J., Stenni, B., Stievenard, M., van den Broeke, M. R., van de Wal, R. S. W., van de Berg, W. J., Vimeux, F., and White, J. W. C.
- Published
- 2008
41. Predicting plant diversity patterns in Madagascar: understanding the effects of climate and land cover change in a biodiversity hotspot.
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Kerry A Brown, Katherine E Parks, Colin A Bethell, Steig E Johnson, and Mark Mulligan
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Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Climate and land cover change are driving a major reorganization of terrestrial biotic communities in tropical ecosystems. In an effort to understand how biodiversity patterns in the tropics will respond to individual and combined effects of these two drivers of environmental change, we use species distribution models (SDMs) calibrated for recent climate and land cover variables and projected to future scenarios to predict changes in diversity patterns in Madagascar. We collected occurrence records for 828 plant genera and 2186 plant species. We developed three scenarios, (i.e., climate only, land cover only and combined climate-land cover) based on recent and future climate and land cover variables. We used this modelling framework to investigate how the impacts of changes to climate and land cover influenced biodiversity across ecoregions and elevation bands. There were large-scale climate- and land cover-driven changes in plant biodiversity across Madagascar, including both losses and gains in diversity. The sharpest declines in biodiversity were projected for the eastern escarpment and high elevation ecosystems. Sharp declines in diversity were driven by the combined climate-land cover scenarios; however, there were subtle, region-specific differences in model outputs for each scenario, where certain regions experienced relatively higher species loss under climate or land cover only models. We strongly caution that predicted future gains in plant diversity will depend on the development and maintenance of dispersal pathways that connect current and future suitable habitats. The forecast for Madagascar's plant diversity in the face of future environmental change is worrying: regional diversity will continue to decrease in response to the combined effects of climate and land cover change, with habitats such as ericoid thickets and eastern lowland and sub-humid forests particularly vulnerable into the future.
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- 2015
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42. The Connection between Ice Dynamics and Paleoclimate from Ice Cores: A Study of Taylor Dome, Antarctica
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Waddington, E. D., Morse, D. L., Grootes, P. M., Steig, E. J., and Peltier, W. Richard, editor
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- 1993
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43. Southern Hemisphere climate variability forced by Northern Hemisphere ice-sheet topography
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Jones, T. R., Roberts, W. H. G., Steig, E. J., Cuffey, K. M., Markle, B. R., and White, J. W. C.
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Antarctica -- Environmental aspects -- Natural history ,Southern oscillation -- Environmental aspects -- Natural history ,Climatic changes -- Environmental aspects ,Ice sheets -- Environmental aspects ,Environmental issues ,Science and technology ,Zoology and wildlife conservation - Abstract
Author(s): T. R. Jones (corresponding author) [1]; W. H. G. Roberts [2]; E. J. Steig [3]; K. M. Cuffey [4]; B. R. Markle [3]; J. W. C. White [5] The [...]
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- 2018
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44. Range overlap and spatiotemporal relationships of frugivorous lemurs at Kianjavato, Madagascar
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Edward E. Louis, Steig E. Johnson, and Sheila M. Holmes
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0106 biological sciences ,biology ,Ecology ,Range (biology) ,Home range ,05 social sciences ,Niche differentiation ,Lemur ,Interspecific competition ,15. Life on land ,Varecia variegata ,biology.organism_classification ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,Intraspecific competition ,biology.animal ,Eulemur rufifrons ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Animal Science and Zoology ,050102 behavioral science & comparative psychology ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics - Abstract
Interspecific competition can strongly influence patterns of space use in animal communities, particularly between closely related species, and may be exacerbated in marginal habitat. This may be important in Madagascar, as lemurs face diminishing resources due to deforestation. We examined the range overlap and spatiotemporal relationships of three species of frugivorous lemur in the fragmented forests of Kianjavato, Madagascar. We conducted simultaneous location and behaviour sampling of black-and-white ruffed lemurs, Varecia variegata, red-fronted lemurs, Eulemur rufifrons, and red-bellied lemurs, Eulemur rubriventer, at two sites over a period of 11 months. We used Doncaster's index of dynamic interaction to investigate the relative amount of time species spent within 30 m and 100 m of each other, compared to the time expected based on random use of location points. All three species showed low core range overlap compared to home range overlap, and while core overlap was higher between interspecific groups than intraspecific groups, the difference was not substantial. Conversely, no spatiotemporal avoidance was observed, and red-fronted lemurs showed positive association (indicating possible attraction) with both red-bellied and ruffed lemurs. These positive spatiotemporal associations may be related to shared resource use in small forests, or predation avoidance strategies. At present, these species may rely more on spatial segregation and niche separation than spatiotemporal avoidance to minimize interspecific competition.
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- 2019
45. Lemur paparazzi: Arboreal camera trapping and occupancy modeling as conservation tools for monitoring threatened lemur species
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Steig E. Johnson, Zach J. Farris, Pamela R. Narváez-Torres, Olivia Tiafinjaka, Devin M Chen, Edward E. Louis, and Solofonirina Rasoloharijaona
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0106 biological sciences ,Arboreal locomotion ,Population ,Lemur ,Greater dwarf lemur ,Varecia variegata ,Forests ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,Microcebus jollyae ,biology.animal ,Madagascar ,Eulemur rufifrons ,Animals ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,050102 behavioral science & comparative psychology ,Ruffed lemur ,education ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Ecosystem ,education.field_of_study ,biology ,Ecology ,05 social sciences ,Endangered Species ,15. Life on land ,biology.organism_classification ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Cheirogaleidae - Abstract
Primate species face growing risks of extinction throughout the world. To better protect their populations, effective monitoring techniques are needed. The goal of this study was to evaluate the use of arboreal camera traps and occupancy modeling as conservation tools for threatened lemur species. This project aimed to (1) estimate the occupancy and detection probabilities of lemur species, (2) investigate factors potentially affecting lemur habitat use, and (3) determine whether ground or arboreal cameras are better for surveying lemur assemblages. We conducted camera trapping research in five forest fragments (total trap nights = 1770; 900 arboreal trap nights (134 photo events); 870 ground trap nights (2 photo events)) and reforestation areas (total trap nights = 608; 1 photo event) in Kianjavato, Madagascar from May to September 2019. We used arboreal trap data from fragments to estimate occupancy for five species: the red-fronted brown lemur (Eulemur rufifrons; ψ = 0.54 ± SD 0.03), Jolly's mouse lemur (Microcebus jollyae; ψ = 0.14 ± 0.17), the greater dwarf lemur (Cheirogaleus major; ψ = 0.42 ± 0.30), the red-bellied lemur (Eulemur rubriventer; ψ = 0.24 ± 0.03), and the black-and-white ruffed lemur (Varecia variegata; ψ = 0.24 ± 0.08). Tree diameter, elevation, distance to village, and canopy connectivity were important predictors of occupancy, while camera height, canopy connectivity, fragment ID, and fragment size predicted detection. Arboreal cameras recorded significantly higher species richness compared with ground cameras. We suggest expanded application of arboreal camera traps in future research, but we recommend longer trapping periods to better sample rarer species. Overall, arboreal camera trapping combined with occupancy modeling can be a highly efficient and useful approach for monitoring and predicting the occurrence of elusive lemur species and has the potential to be effective for other arboreal primates and canopy taxa across the globe.
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- 2021
46. Correction to: ‘Tropical mammal functional diversity increases with productivity but decreases with anthropogenic disturbance’
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Jadelys Tonos Luciano, Chia Hsieh, Charles Kayijamahe, Lydia Beaudrot, Daniel Gorczynski, Steig E. Johnson, Julia Salvador, Mahandry Hugues Andrianarisoa, Francesco Rovero, Johanna Hurtado Astaiza, Marcela Guimarães Moreira Lima, Santiago Espinosa, Fernanda Santos, Jorge A. Ahumada, and Patrick A. Jansen
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Disturbance (geology) ,Forests ,Biology ,Corrections ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,Functional diversity ,Madagascar ,Animals ,Humans ,Productivity ,Research Articles ,global change ,biogeography ,Ecosystem ,occupancy ,General Environmental Science ,Mammals ,Tropical Climate ,Ecology ,General Immunology and Microbiology ,Bayes Theorem ,Biodiversity ,General Medicine ,community assembly ,Mammal ,rainforest ,General Agricultural and Biological Sciences - Abstract
A variety of factors can affect the biodiversity of tropical mammal communities, but their relative importance and directionality remain uncertain. Previous global investigations of mammal functional diversity have relied on range maps instead of observational data to determine community composition. We test the effects of species pools, habitat heterogeneity, primary productivity and human disturbance on the functional diversity (dispersion and richness) of mammal communities using the largest standardized tropical forest camera trap monitoring system, the Tropical Ecology Assessment and Monitoring (TEAM) Network. We use occupancy values derived from the camera trap data to calculate occupancy-weighted functional diversity and use Bayesian generalized linear regression to determine the effects of multiple predictors. Mammal community functional dispersion increased with primary productivity, while functional richness decreased with human-induced local extinctions and was significantly lower in Madagascar than other tropical regions. The significant positive relationship between functional dispersion and productivity was evident only when functional dispersion was weighted by species' occupancies. Thus, observational data from standardized monitoring can reveal the drivers of mammal communities in ways that are not readily apparent from range map-based studies. The positive association between occupancy-weighted functional dispersion of tropical forest mammal communities and primary productivity suggests that unique functional traits may be more beneficial in more productive ecosystems and may allow species to persist at higher abundances.
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- 2021
47. Patch size and isolation influence genetic patterns in black-and-white ruffed lemur (Varecia variegata) populations
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Holmes, Sheila M., Baden, Andrea L., Brenneman, Rick A., Engberg, Shannon E., Louis, Jr., Edward E., and Johnson, Steig E.
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- 2013
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48. A National-Level Assessment of Lemur Hunting Pressure in Madagascar
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Borgerson, Cortni, primary, Johnson, Steig E., additional, Hall, Emma, additional, Brown, Kerry A., additional, Narváez-Torres, Pamela R., additional, Rasolofoniaina, Be Jean Rodolph, additional, Razafindrapaoly, Be Noel, additional, Merson, Samuel D., additional, Thompson, Katharine E. T., additional, Holmes, Sheila M., additional, Louis, Edward E., additional, and Golden, Christopher D., additional
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- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Lemur paparazzi: Arboreal camera trapping and occupancy modeling as conservation tools for monitoring threatened lemur species
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Chen, Devin M., primary, Narváez‐Torres, Pamela R., additional, Tiafinjaka, Olivia, additional, Farris, Zach J., additional, Rasoloharijaona, Solofonirina, additional, Louis, Edward E., additional, and Johnson, Steig E., additional
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- 2021
- Full Text
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50. Variation in predicted COVID-19 risk among lemurs and lorises
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Melin, Amanda D., Orkin, Joseph D., Janiak, Mareike C., Valenzuela, Alejandro, Kuderna, Lukas F. K., Marrone, Frank, Ramangason, Hasinala, Horvath, Julie E., Roos, Christian, Kitchener, Andrew C., Khor, Chiea Chuen, Lim, Weng Khong, Lee, Jessica G. H., Tan, Patrick, Umapathy, Govindhaswamy, Raveendran, Muthuswamy, Harris, R. Alan, Gut, Ivo, Gut, Marta, Lizano, Esther, Nadler, Tilo, Zinner, Dietmar, Johnson, Steig E., Jarvis, Erich D., Fedrigo, Olivier, Wu, Dongdong, Zhang, Guojie, Farh, Kyle Kai-How, Rogers, Jeffrey, Marqués-Bonet, Tomàs, Navarro, Arcadi, Juan, David, Arora, Paramjit S., Higham, James P., Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, Canada Research Chairs, Natural Environment Research Council (UK), Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, European Commission, Generalitat de Catalunya, European Research Council, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Fundación 'la Caixa', Melin, Amanda D. [0000-0002-0612-2514], Orkin, Joseph D. [0000-0001-6922-2072], Janiak, Mareike C. [0000-0002-7759-2556], Kuderna, Lukas F. K. [0000-0002-9992-9295], Marrone, Frank [0000-0002-1735-0723], Arora, Paramjit S. [0000-0001-5315-401X], Higham, James P. [0000-0002-1133-2030], Melin, Amanda D., Orkin, Joseph D., Janiak, Mareike C., Kuderna, Lukas F. K., Marrone, Frank, Arora, Paramjit S., and Higham, James P.
- Abstract
Versión editorial disponible en: http://hdl.handle.net/10261/239013, The novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, which in humans leads to the disease COVID-19, has caused global disruption and more than 1.5 million fatalities since it first emerged in late 2019. As we write, infection rates are currently at their highest point globally and are rising extremely rapidly in some areas due to more infectious variants. The primary viral target is the cellular receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme2 (ACE2). Recent sequence analyses of the ACE2 gene predicts that many nonhuman primates are also likely to be highly susceptible to infection. However, the anticipated risk is not equal across the Order. Furthermore, some taxonomic groups show high ACE2 amino acid conservation, while others exhibit high variability at this locus. As an example of the latter, analyses of strepsirrhine primate ACE2 sequences to date indicate large variation among lemurs and lorises compared to other primate clades despite low sampling effort. Here, we report ACE2 gene and protein sequences for 71 individual strepsirrhines, spanning 51 species and 19 genera. Our study reinforces previous results and finds additional variability in other strepsirrhine species, and suggests several clades of lemurs have high potential susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Troublingly, some species, including the rare and Endangered aye-aye (Daubentonia madagascariensis), as well as those in the genera Avahi and Propithecus, may be at high risk. Given that lemurs are endemic to Madagascar and among the primates at highest risk of extinction globally, further understanding of the potential threat of COVID-19 to their health should be a conservation priority. All feasible actions should be taken to limit their exposure to SARS-CoV-2., ADM is supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC Discovery Grant) and Canada Research Chairs Program. MCJ’s postdoctoral appointment is supported by funding from the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC NE/T000341/1). IG and MG acknowledge the support of the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation through the Instituto de Salud Carlos III and the 2014–2020 Smart Growth Operating Program, to the EMBL partnership and cofinancing with the European Regional Development Fund (MINECO/FEDER, BIO2015-71792-P). We also acknowledge the support of the Centro de Excelencia Severo Ochoa, and the Generalitat de Catalunya through the Departament de Salut, Departament d’Empresa i Coneixement and the CERCA Programme. TMB is supported by funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement No. 864203), BFU2017-86471-P (MINECO/FEDER, UE), “Unidad de Excelencia María de Maeztu”, funded by the AEI (CEX2018-000792-M), Howard Hughes International Early Career, Obra Social "La Caixa" and Secretaria d’Universitats i Recerca and CERCA Programme del Departament d’Economia i Coneixement de la Generalitat de Catalunya (GRC 2017 SGR 880). PSA thanks the National Institutes of Health (R35GM130333) for financial support. E.L is supported by CGL2017- 82654-P (MINECO/FEDER,UE). EDJ and OF's contributions were supported by funds from Howard Hughes Medical Institute and the Rockefeller University. Chris Smith drew the images for Figure 1. The authors would like to thank the Veterinary and Zoology staff at Wildlife Reserves Singapore for their help in obtaining the tissue samples, as well as the Lee Kong Chian Natural History Museum for storage and provision of the tissue samples.
- Published
- 2021
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