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Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has had a significant impact on practical activities and didactic teaching of residents and fellows. This survey aimed to propose long-term changes for ophthalmology training based on the changes experienced by trainees and their perception of new training opportunities. Methods: An online survey was distributed to ophthalmology trainees in multiple countries. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse the data. Results: A total of 504 analyzable responses were collected from 32 different countries. The current impact of COVID-19 pandemic was described as “severe” by most trainees (55.2%); however, the future perspective was more optimistic as demonstrated by the greater number of responses reporting a presumed “moderate” (37.3%), “mild” (14.1%) or “slight” (4.2%) long-term impact. The vast majority of trainees reported a decrease ≥50% of clinical activity (76.4%) and >75% of surgical activity (74.6%). Although an initial gap in didactic teaching has been experienced by many (55.4%), regular web-based teaching was reportedly attended by 67.7% of the respondents. A strong agreement was found regarding the worthwhile role of web-based case-presentations in clinical training (91.7%), web-based discussion of edited surgical videos (85.7%) and simulation-based practice (86.9%) in surgical training. Conclusions: This survey, focusing on trainees’ perspective, strongly reinforces the need to promptly include new technology-based training tools, such as web-based teaching, virtual surgical simulators, and telementoring, in long-term reorganisation of ophthalmology training to ensure its continuity and effectiveness, which would remain available even in the face of another unpredictable crisis within the health system.

Boğaziçi University in Istanbul has the world’s most beautiful campus. In this formerly American University with generous gardens and buildings in New England style at the edge of Europe, you can give lectures looking over the Bosphorus and into Asia. No place can be more symbolic of the 32nd conference of the Japan Anthropology Workshop (JAWS), in which we try to discuss and question our views on Japanese society from multiple perspectives. With almost hundred participants, the JAWS conference was the first Japan-related conference of this dimension in Turkey, and we are very proud to be given this honour, even more so as most proponents of Japanese Studies in Turkey study language, literature and history, not society.

Purpose: To evaluate indocyanine green angiography (ICGA) for the identification and characterization of afferent (feeding) and efferent (draining) vessels in patients with ocular surface neoplasia. Materials and Methods: Consecutive patients with biopsy-proven benign, pre-invasive, or invasive ocular surface tumors of the bulbar conjunctiva were included. Patients underwent anterior segment optical coherence tomography, ICGA, and color photography for the evaluation of the thickness, location, number, and diameter of afferent and efferent vessels of the lesions. Results: Twenty-two eyes of 22 patients with papillomas (n = 4), intra-epithelial neoplasia lesion (n = 2) in situ or invasive carcinomas (n = 6), nevus (n = 5), conjunctival melanocytic intra-epithelial neoplasia lesion (n = 1), and in situ or invasive melanomas (n = 4) were investigated. Afferent (feeder) vessels were identified in all lesions. There were fewer afferent (3.1 ± 1.6) than efferent (7.5 ± 3.5) vessels per lesion (p < 0.001) and the mean diameter was smaller for afferent (101 ± 62 μm, 28–281) than efferent vessels (137 ± 51 μm, 31–652; p = 0.017). The number of afferent and efferent vessels was associated with the thickness of the lesion (p = 0.037, p < 0.01). Lesion filling times differed between benign and invasive or pre-invasive lesions (p = 0.018). Conclusions: ICGA is a useful adjunctive in vivo imaging method for the assessment of the vasculature in patients with suspected ocular surface neoplasia.