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Biological agriculture is an important priority in the thematic priorities of the European scientific programs and in agricultural development policy in each country. This article presented apple bio production in the territory of the village of Yagodovo, Plovdiv district, Bulgaria. Growth parameters are monitored on two types of areas - cultivated and grassed. The analysed indicators are cross-sectional area of the stem, average weight of fruit, number of fruits per tree, productivity coefficient. Each of the parameters has a different impact on the biological development of the fruits. The results show better values when growing on a grassed area compared to a cultivated area, regarding the parameters: average weight of fruit, number of fruits per tree and productivity coefficient. The indicator 'crosssectional area of the stem' has a better result when growing apples on a cultivated area than on a grassy area. The results for each of the indicators are presented in a digital model by Geographic Information System-GIS, in order to more fast, rational and modern use of technology by young farmers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the recently hyped No Till, Strip Till, Min Till, etc. systems tillage remains the most widely used system for agricultural production. The soil has the specific feature of providing the conditions for the growth, development and productivity of plants. The economic importance of soil is determined by its general characteristic fertility, which is its ability to supply plants with the necessary nutrients, water and air. The fertility of the soil depends on its condition, which is quantitatively expressed through its properties of porosity, density and humidity. Investigate a new body of active machine for surface soil treatment during a different values of soil humidity and velocity. The Results are arranged using statistical program for dates. From the results of the statistical operations are received regression equations. The received regression equations are introduced into GIS and presented in varied information layers. By these layers can be prepared a digital system to manage the soil aggregate composition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The fertility of the soil depends on its conditions, which are quantitatively expressed through its properties of porosity, density and humidity. The change in these properties is due to its structural construction and the environmental impacts. A part of the soil is damaged by heavy metals, improper fertilization and threatened by erosion. In this research proposal, innovative working bodies will be investigated for soil treatment, with the aim of managing the aggregate composition and predicting fragmentation, to protect it from erosion. The aim of the study is to application of GIS investigate innovative working bodies with active drive, to achieve a higher quality of surface tillage taking into account the existing external and controllable factors. Statistical processing of the results and optimization lead to the various operating modes of a machine to achieve the main idea and the resulting soil fragmentation regression equations are entered into a GIS environment. The Surface soil treatment is managed by GIS tools for variety visualization and presented statistically the most suitable information. The implementation of working bodies in practice will enrich the soil fragmentation data base, which leads to a greater choice of tillage bodies for soil erosion control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The idea of "seeing" machines developed violently after the entry of computer technology and industry 4.0 into mass production. The first task of the machine vision is the processing of images and their adjacent equipment, and its systems then include devices with digital inputs/outputs. These inputs/outputs are designed to control some kind of movement or operation of equipment, such as manipulators or automatic lines. The modern machine vision systems are a modern direction of technology that contains elements of computer technology, optics, mechanical systems and industrial automation. With their help, modern agrorobots perform orderly tasks such as visual identification, visual control, obstacle and position determination. This article presents an overview of certain applications of different machine vision systems suitable for use in agrorobots. It is known that they are autonomously powered and work in poor climatic conditions. In other cases, the machine vision in agrorobots must necessarily work in random oscillations and variable focal length, as well as with a wide assortment of objects for research. The article discusses the capabilities of different types of cameras and related software, the application of QR and laser technology for agrorobots. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study was conducted at the Department of Viticulture and Fruit Growing. The aim is to find out how Gomat Rost affects the vegetative and reproductive manifestations of a variety 'Merlot'. The results of the experiment showed when applying with doses of 1 to 4 L/Ha, leads to a change in the growth dynamics of the different variants in the experiment. Treated in four different stages of the growing season, it has a positive effect on the vine plants included in the experiment compared to the control variant. The result of the application of higher doses has a positive effect on the growth and shoots maturation and increase the grapes mass. This is found despite the small amount of soil available and 35% atmospheric humidity. This is confirmed by the data on the yield and the sugar and acidity content in the grapes during harvest. In the variants treated with the highest dose of 4 L/Ha sugars and acids remain stable close to those for normal fermentation. This is very important for wine grape varieties in order not to dilute the grape must in order to compensate for the water that has evaporated during veraison. From a technological point of view, vines subjected to water stress causes problems in the fermentation process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) is a widespread mathematical technique for multi-criteria decision-making analyses, deals with the structured hierarchical database models, gathered from interdisciplinary criteria for future perspective analyses in the specific sector. Viticulture microzoning and terrain selection for potential vineyards are becoming important knowledge for vine farming systems. In this study the AHP method is used to gather, structure and resolve the data of variety sorts of vine, evaluate the physical natural resources (climate, soil and relief), socioeconomic and infrastructures conditions to dissolve different environmental problems of vineyards management. GIS (Geographical Information Systems) tools allow making multi-criteria analysis and combined various data of vineyards for digital complex environmental assessment. The site selecting for a new vineyard for wine-grape or wine production is a fundamental and crucial decision as several factors have influenced on it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Horticulture is one of the importance parts of Bulgarian agricultural sectors. Crop growing specification requires deep and good knowledge about agricultural development and practices. Advanced research and carefully gathered and analysed information is the first step of the successful result. This publication presents the structure and more necessary data for complex analyzing of environmental factors and their influence on agriculture structure in Municipality of Kaloyanovo, Plovdiv region, Bulgaria. The study area is 347 sq.km and average elevation - 198 m. An overview would show the present state of physiography, climate, crop cultivation, landscape, elevation, labor force, marketing, farmers practices, areas under cultivation, land use, soil type, water resources, road systems, erosion level, the most spread vegetable marketing, demography and socio-economy opportunities. Methodology is based on thematic maps and analysis, creating by GIS application. It aims to identify current status of the most appropriate plants development, land management and changes in land use form. Spatial data and thematic maps present increase and decrease of agricultural availability in the study area. Results obtained will be relate to multi-criteria land suitability evaluation, accordingly to vegetable crop characteristics. This model of land evaluation helps farmers and vegetable growers to realise potentiality of their land parcel and required management procedures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new machine for surface tillage to control the aggregate composition of the soil was tested. The field trial data were processed by applying a statistical data processing software and regression equations were derived describing the fragmentation of soil aggregates of different sizes (1 mm, from 1 to 25 mm, over 25 mm) at different speeds. The regression equations are in GIS with velocity speed, current humidity and increased and decreased by 20% soil moisture There are layers of fragmentation of soil aggregates, visualizing regression equation for units from 1 to 25 mm, to optimize the aggregate composition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]