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Red crystals of [TBA]2[Pt5Cl20] were obtained by reacting [TBA]2[PtCl6] with an excess of AlCl3 at room temperature in CH2Cl2. The salt [PPN]2[Pt5Cl20] containing the same anion was prepared by reaction of platinum tetrachloride with a small excess of [PPN]Cl in 1,2-dichloroethane at room temperature. Single crystal X-Ray diffraction studies confirmed that both species contained the mixed-valence [Pt5Cl20]2− anion with two dinuclear platinum(IV) Pt2Cl10 fragments organized around a central square planar platinum(II) in a chair arrangement.

For many men in modern Western societies it is not uncommon to have anonymous same-sex acts in cruising places with a varying frequency depending on many factors, e.g. their biographical history, marital status, religion, and age. This paper looks at generational differences in the Italian gay community and specifically contrasts both setting and patterns of social interaction of two cohorts of men (older men and younger adults) patronizing bathhouses. The meaning of adult development and aging of sexual minorities is little understood in Italy. For the first time in history, a generation of self-identified gay men is approaching retirement, and yet we do not understand what well-being and successful development in later life mean in this community. Moreover, the aging processes among gay men who are already in their retirement years, many of whom are still "closeted," remain invisible. The ethnographic report, based on two years of participant observation, reveals the culture of the gay bath and the social and sexual spaces of older and younger gay men and their self-definitions and relationship to the "gay community".

Characterization and classification of crude oil is done following different approaches. Geochemistry investigations on one hand are focused on finding and quantifying markers characteristic of the oil, to provide detailed information about the geological history, the conditions of sedimentation of the oil and of the source rock. On the other hand Fourier transform ion cyclotron mass spectrometry (FTICR MS) has been proved to be a powerful tool in the analysis of crude oil at the molecular level. In this study, a group of fourteen samples of crude oil coming from different fields around the world has been analyzed through Atmospheric Pressure Photoionization (APPI) coupled to FTICR MS. Since the comparison of the many complex APPI FTICR mass spectra is complicated, we have applied statistical methods such as Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and hierarchical clustering (HCA) considering the peaks of the mass spectra. The statistical analysis has found to be able to group the oils according to the well where they have been extracted and from their geographical origin.

For many men in modern Western societies it is not uncommon to have anonymous same-sex acts in cruising places with a varying frequency depending on their biographical history. Specific identities of men cruising for same-sex acts (cruisers) in a park located in a North Italy city were investigated. In this study 57 men were interviewed by three different methods (individually, couple interviews, and one focus group of friends). A pragmatic approach was followed throughout the analysis of the data, drawing from a number of analytic strategies, including constant-comparative, typographic, and narrative methods. Queer theory and queer historiography were also blended into the examinations of the men’s lives. Cruisers’ identities consisted of three elements: self-perception, or what an individual felt or perceived about himself and his contexts; experiences, or what and/or how he behaved or acted; and interpretations drawn from the cruiser’s experiences, or the meanings he ascribed to himself and his life concerning his experiences, in juxtaposition to what he perceived as the normative values of the contexts of which he was a part. Six identity types among cruisers were delineated, providing evidence of different ways non-heterosexual men identify in cruising places. Understanding the nuances of cruisers’ identities will prevent other researchers from extrapolating from only the visible elements or actions of this population.

The hexanuclear Pd6Cl12, i.e., the crystal phase classified as β-PdCl2, was obtained by reacting [TBA]2[Pd2Cl6] with AlCl3 (or FeCl3) in CH2Cl2. The action of AlCl3 on PtCl42-, followed by digestio...

By using isopropanol as alkylating agent in the direct alkylation of benzene to cumene, under properly selected conditions, performances comparable to those afforded by the current industrial use of propylene have been obtained. The reaction is carried out in the presence of a β-zeolite-based catalyst. Catalytic performances are influenced by temperature and pressure at fixed benzene to isopropanol molar ratio. In particular, catalyst activity and catalyst deactivation rate depend on the water content in the liquid phase fraction of the reaction mixture, as predicted by state equations for LV equilibria in the reacting system. The successful use of isopropanol as alkylating agent has paved the road toward a viable acetone recycle in phenol production, as foreseeable in case of acetone/phenol unbalanced demand.

For many men in modern Western societies it is not uncommon to have anonymous same-sex acts in cruising places with a varying frequency depending on many factors, e.g. their biographical history, marital status, religion, and age. This paper looks at generational differences in the Italian gay community and specifically contrasts both setting and patterns of social interaction of two cohorts of men (older men and younger adults) patronizing bathhouses. The meaning of adult development and aging of sexual minorities is little understood in Italy. For the first time in history, a generation of self-identified gay men is approaching retirement, and yet we do not understand what well-being and successful development in later life mean in this community. Moreover, the aging processes among gay men who are already in their retirement years, many of whom are still "closeted," remain invisible. The ethnographic report, based on two years of participant observation, reveals the culture of the gay bath and the social and sexual spaces of older and younger gay men and their self-definitions and relationship to the "gay community".

The hexanuclear Pd6Cl12, i.e., the crystal phase classified as β-PdCl2, was obtained by reacting [TBA]2[Pd2Cl6] with AlCl3 (or FeCl3) in CH2Cl2. The action of AlCl3 on PtCl42-, followed by digestio...

The mononuclear and binuclear square-planar complexes of palladium(II) and platinum(II) cis-PtCl2(CO)2 (1), trans- Pt2Cl4(CO)2 (2), cis-PtBr2(CO)2 (3), and cis-Pd2Cl4(CO)2 (4), have been prepared by new synthetic procedures and some of them (2, 3, and 4) structurally characterised by X-ray diffraction methods. In the mononuclear platinum derivatives, cis-PtX2(CO)2, X=Cl, Br, the molecules are arranged in columns, the Pt⋯Pt separation being 3.378 A (X=Cl) or 3.65 A (av., X=Br). The chloride-bridged dinuclear chloro-carbonyl complexes M2Cl4(CO)2, M=Pd, Pt, contain terminal chloride and carbonyl groups, trans for the platinum derivative 2, but, unexpectedly, cis for the corresponding palladium compound 4. Packing is based on intermolecular C⋯X or Pt⋯Pt interactions, as a function of the nature of the halide. The carbonylation at atmospheric pressure and room temperature of the tetrahalo complexes of platinum(II) in the presence of AlX3 as halide scavenger leads to [PtX3(CO)]− or PtX2(CO)2, depending on the Pt/AlX3 molar ratio. The crystal and molecular structural data of [NBu4][PtBr3(CO)] (5), show the anion to have substantially identical Pt–Br bond distances, the CO ligand performing no trans influence.

The reactions of dialkyl sulfones [R2SO2: R = Me (a), Et (b), Ph (c), R2 = –(CH2)4– (d)] with the metal tetrachlorides of Group 4 [MCl4: M = Ti (1), Zr(2), Hf (3)] give different products mainly depending on the sulfone/M molar ratio. Compounds of formula [M2Cl8(R2SO2)2] [M = Ti, R2 = –(CH2)4– (1d); M = Zr, R = Et (2b), R = Ph (2c)] and [MCl4(R2SO2)2] (sulfone/M = 2) [M = Ti, R = Me (1aa); M = Zr, R = Me (2aa), R = Ph (2cc), R2 = –(CH2)4– (2dd); M = Hf, R = Me (3aa), R2 = –(CH2)4– (3dd)] have been obtained. By X-ray diffraction methods the dinuclear titanium and zirconium adducts, [Ti2Cl8(μ-sulfolane-O,O′)2] (1d) and [Zr2Cl8(μ-Ph2SO2-O,O′)2] (2c) have been established to contain bridging sulfone and hexacoordinated metal centres, while the mononuclear zirconium complex [ZrCl4(Me2SO2)2] (2aa) has cis-monodentate sulfones in a slightly distorted octahedral geometry. The reaction between TiCl4 and sulfolane (tetrahydrothiophene 1,1-dioxide) in SOCl2 affords the 1 ∶ 1 adduct independent of the sulfone/Ti molar ratio. Ligand-exchange and inter-conversion between mononuclear and dinuclear species have been observed by NMR, while the spectral features of the SO2 moiety have been assigned by IR- and Raman spectroscopies.