Search

Your search keyword '"Stefano Livi"' showing total 269 results
Start Over Author "Stefano Livi"
269 results on '"Stefano Livi"'

1. In their narratives: academic socialization in the experience of sensory processing sensitivity among university students

Author

Marzia Saglietti, Mara Marini, and Stefano Livi

Subjects
sensory processing sensitivity, university students, academic socialization, interviews, teacher–student relationship, peer relationship, Psychology, BF1-990
Abstract

IntroductionWhile much of the worldwide contemporary research on sensory processing sensitivity (SPS) and environmental sensitivity (ES) has relied on the participation of university students, there remains a significant gap in understanding the academic social experiences of those scoring high in SPS (i.e., highly sensitive individuals).MethodsTo address this gap, this exploratory study aimed to investigate in detail students’ academic socialization through their narratives. We conducted nine interviews with Italian university students who self-identified as highly sensitive.ResultsThrough thematic reflexive analysis, we identified and analyzed 6 themes (with subthemes and versions of subthemes) concerning their self-definitions, their university experience (in classroom, before, during, and after exams), and socialization with peers and teachers.DiscussionAfter 20 years of research on SPS, this study integrates the relevant literature into the field of social psychology and academic socialization, emphasizing the importance of understanding SPS within real-life educational contexts and considering highly sensitive students’ perspectives on their resources and challenges in attending university. By contributing to the emerging qualitative literature on SPS and ES, this study provides practical implications for educators and policymakers seeking to foster inclusive learning environments for all students.

Published
2024
Full Text
View/download PDF

2. MESSENGER Observations of Mercury's Planetary Ion Escape Rates and Their Dependence on True Anomaly Angle

Author

Weijie Sun, Ryan M. Dewey, Xianzhe Jia, Jim M. Raines, James A. Slavin, Yuxi Chen, Tai Phan, Gangkai Poh, Shaosui Xu, Anna Milillo, Robert Lillis, Yoshifumi Saito, Stefano Livi, and Stefano Orsini

Subjects
planetary ions escape, ion plumes, Mercury's exosphere, Geophysics. Cosmic physics, QC801-809
Abstract

Abstract This study investigates the escape of Mercury's sodium‐group ions (Na+‐group, including ions with m/q from 21 to 30 amu/e) and their dependence on true anomaly angle (TAA), that is, Mercury's orbital phase around the Sun, using measurements from MESSENGER. The measurements are categorized into solar wind, magnetosheath, and magnetosphere, and further divided into four TAA intervals. Na+‐group ions form escape plumes in the solar wind and magnetosheath, with higher fluxes along the solar wind's motional electric field. The total escape rates vary from 0.2 to 1 × 1025 atoms/s with the magnetosheath being the main escaping region. These rates exhibit a TAA dependence, peaking near the perihelion and similar during Mercury's remaining orbit. Despite Mercury's tenuous exosphere, Na+‐group ions escape rate is comparable to other inner planets. This can be attributed to several processes, including that Na+‐group ions may include several ion species, efficient photoionization frequency for elements within Na‐group, etc.

Published
2024
Full Text
View/download PDF

3. Connecting Solar Wind Velocity Spikes Measured by Solar Orbiter and Coronal Brightenings Observed by SDO

Author

Chuanpeng Hou, Alexis P. Rouillard, Jiansen He, Bahaeddine Gannouni, Victor Réville, Philippe Louarn, Andrey Fedorov, Lubomír Přech, Christopher J. Owen, Daniel Verscharen, Raffaella D’Amicis, Luca Sorriso-Valvo, Naïs Fargette, Jesse Coburn, Vincent Génot, Jim M. Raines, Roberto Bruno, Stefano Livi, Benoit Lavraud, Nicolas André, Gabriel Fruit, Rungployphan Kieokaew, Illya Plotnikov, Emmanuel Penou, Alain Barthe, Dhiren Kataria, Matthieu Berthomier, Frederic Allegrini, Vito Fortunato, Gennaro Mele, and Timothy Horbury

Subjects
Interplanetary magnetic fields, Solar wind, Solar coronal transients, Supergranulation, Astrophysics, QB460-466
Abstract

The Parker Solar Probe's discovery that magnetic switchbacks and velocity spikes in the young solar wind are abundant has prompted intensive research into their origin(s) and formation mechanism(s) in the solar atmosphere. Recent studies, based on in situ measurements and numerical simulations, argue that velocity spikes are produced through interchange magnetic reconnection. Our work studies the relationship between interplanetary velocity spikes and coronal brightenings induced by changes in the photospheric magnetic field. Our analysis focuses on the characteristic periodicities of velocity spikes detected by the Proton Alpha Sensor on the Solar Orbiter during its fifth perihelion pass. Throughout the time period analyzed here, we estimate their origin along the boundary of a coronal hole. Around the boundary region, we identify periodic variations in coronal brightening activity observed by the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly onboard the Solar Dynamics Observatory. The spectral characteristics of the time series of in situ velocity spikes, remote coronal brightenings, and remote photospheric magnetic flux exhibit correspondence in their periodicities. Therefore, we suggest that the localized small-scale magnetic flux within coronal holes fuels a magnetic reconnection process that can be observed as slight brightness augmentations and outward fluctuations or jets. These dynamic elements may act as mediators, bonding magnetic reconnection with the genesis of velocity spikes and magnetic switchbacks.

Published
2024
Full Text
View/download PDF

4. Comparative Study of the Kinetic Properties of Proton and Alpha Beams in the Alfvénic Wind Observed by SWA-PAS On Board Solar Orbiter

Author

Roberto Bruno, Rossana De Marco, Raffaella D’Amicis, Denise Perrone, Maria Federica Marcucci, Daniele Telloni, Raffaele Marino, Luca Sorriso-Valvo, Vito Fortunato, Gennaro Mele, Francesco Monti, Andrei Fedorov, Philippe Louarn, Chris J. Owen, and Stefano Livi

Subjects
Fast solar wind, Alfvén waves, Plasma physics, Astronomy data analysis, Astrophysics, QB460-466
Abstract

The problems of heating and acceleration of solar wind particles are of significant and enduring interest in astrophysics. The interactions between waves and particles are crucial in determining the distributions of proton and alpha particles, resulting in non-Maxwellian characteristics, including temperature anisotropies and particle beams. These processes can be better understood as long as the beam can be separated from the core for the two major components of the solar wind. We utilized an alternative numerical approach that leverages the clustering technique employed in machine learning to differentiate the primary populations within the velocity distribution rather than employing the conventional bi-Maxwellian fitting method. Separation of the core and beam revealed new features for protons and alphas. We estimated that the total temperature of the two beams was slightly higher than that of their respective cores, and the temperature anisotropy for the cores and beams was larger than 1. We concluded that the temperature ratio between alphas and protons largely over 4 is due to the presence of a massive alpha beam, which is approximately 50% of the alpha core. We provided evidence that the alpha core and beam populations are sensitive to Alfvénic fluctuations and the surfing effect found in the literature can be recovered only when considering the core and beam as a single population. Several similarities between proton and alpha beams would suggest a common and local generation mechanism not shared with the alpha core, which may not have necessarily been accelerated and heated locally.

Published
2024
Full Text
View/download PDF

5. The Importance of Teacher-Student Relationship for Distance Learning During Covid-19 Pandemic

Author

Emiliane Rubat du Mérac, Ceyda Sensin, and Stefano Livi

Subjects
covid-19, distance learning, satisfaction, secondary school, teacherstudent relationship., Education
Abstract

Online education has become mandatory in all countries since the Covid-19 pandemic. In order to provide practical inspiration for schools to improve online learning and teaching efficacy, and satisfaction, we explored the distance learning experience of 427 upper secondary school students in Italy. Rather than focusing on the relevance of digital tools and abilities, as most e-learning studies do, we focused on the function and influence of the teacher-student relationship and how online learning affects that connection. The study’s findings revealed that even if the technology was the central focus of upgrading the educational system, the satisfaction for the Distal Learning education is heavily based on teachers’ ability to maintain a high-quality relationship. Indeed, the quality of the relationship is a far better predictor of student satisfaction, with online education satisfaction having substantially higher coefficients than technology satisfaction, even controlling for both teachers’ and students’ technological knowledge. We also found a significant moderating effect in the interaction between quality of the relationship and technology satisfaction, implying that when students are satisfied with the technology used in online education, a high-quality relationship with teachers can boost satisfaction.

Published
2022
Full Text
View/download PDF

6. Interplanetary mesoscale observatory (InterMeso): A mission to untangle dynamic mesoscale structures throughout the heliosphere

Author

Robert C. Allen, Evan J. Smith, Brian J. Anderson, Joseph E. Borovsky, George C. Ho, Lan Jian, Sämuel Krucker, Susan Lepri, Gang Li, Stefano Livi, Noé Lugaz, David M. Malaspina, Bennett A. Maruca, Parisa Mostafavi, Jim M. Raines, Daniel Verscharen, Juliana Vievering, Sarah K. Vines, Phyllis Whittlesey, Lynn B. Wilson III, and Robert F. Wimmer-Schweingruber

Subjects
solar wind, mission concept, mesoscale, particle acceleration, particle transport, Astronomy, QB1-991, Geophysics. Cosmic physics, QC801-809
Abstract

Mesoscale dynamics are a fundamental process in space physics, but fall within an observational gap of current and planned missions. Particularly in the solar wind, measurements at the mesoscales (100s RE to a few degrees heliographic longitude at 1 au) are crucial for understanding the connection between the corona and an observer anywhere within the heliosphere. Mesoscale dynamics may also be key to revealing the currently unresolved physics regulating particle acceleration and transport, magnetic field topology, and the causes of variability in the composition and acceleration of solar wind plasma. Studies using single-point observations do not allow for investigations into mesoscale solar wind dynamics and plasma variability, nor do they allow for the exploration of the sub-structuring of large-scale solar wind structures like coronal mass ejections (CMEs), co-rotating/stream interaction regions (CIR/SIRs), and the heliospheric plasma sheet. To address this fundamental gap in our knowledge of the heliosphere at these scales, the Interplanetary Mesoscale Observatory (InterMeso) concept employs a multi-point approach using four identical spacecraft in Earth-trailing orbits near 1 au. Varying drift speeds of the InterMeso spacecraft enable the mission to span a range of mesoscale separations in the solar wind, achieving significant and innovative science return. Simultaneous, longitudinally-separated measurements of structures co-rotating over the spacecraft also allow for disambiguation of spatiotemporal variability, tracking of the evolution of solar wind structures, and determination of how the transport of energetic particles is impacted by these variabilities.

Published
2022
Full Text
View/download PDF

7. Analysis of Psychological and Social Functioning in Undergraduate Students with a Specific Learning Disorder (SLD)

Author

Marika Bonuomo, Mara Marini, Nicoletta Vegni, Sergio Melogno, Giulia Torregiani, Stefano Livi, and Gloria Di Filippo

Subjects
specific learning disorder, undergraduate students, psychological well-being, social well-being, Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry, RC321-571
Abstract

It is considered to be particularly interesting to enrich the scientific overview investigating the comorbidities of specific learning disorders (SLDs) in young adults. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the psychosocial and relational profiles associated with the presence of learning difficulties in a population of university students. The hypothesis is that young adults with SLDs have lower psychological and socio-relational functioning than their typical-development peers. We further hypothesized that the socio-relational difficulties of students with SLDs could be explained not only by referring to the presence of a learning disorder, but also by considering some variables that may follow the experience of students with SLDs. The results highlighted that students with SLDs, compared to their typical-development peers, have low self-efficacy, high academic anxiety scores, emotional problems, and issues with peers. We finally suggest considering these aspects as early as the diagnostic process to facilitate an effective treatment plan for learning disorders to prevent, in terms of developmental trajectory, the manifestation of these aspects in adulthood.

Published
2023
Full Text
View/download PDF

8. Individual Strivings in Social Comparison Processes: Achievement Motivation Goals in the Big-Fish-Little-Pond Effect

Author

Alessandra Cecalupo, Mara Marini, Federica Scarci, and Stefano Livi

Subjects
big-fish-little-pond effect (BFLPE), achievement goal theory, social comparison, future expectations, upper secondary education (high school), Psychology, BF1-990
Abstract

In school settings, adolescents recur to different sources of information to create their beliefs about future possibilities. Social comparison processes and personal goals related to achievement play an important role in shaping these beliefs. Drawing upon literature concerning the Big-Fish-Little-Pond effect and the Achievement Goal Theory, the present study aimed at understanding how adolescents attending the last year of secondary school (n = 689; Mage = 18.15; SD = 0.57) perceive their possibilities of potentially having a better future than their classmates. In particular, we sought to understand in what way this perception is influenced by students’ perceived relative position in their class—which accounts for the social comparison process—and its interaction with different types of achievement goals (mastery-approach goals, mastery-avoidance goals, performance-approach goals, and performance-avoidance goals). Results showed that perceived relative position mediated the relationship between the predictors (classmates’ average achievement and individual achievement) and future expectations. Furthermore, analyses of moderated mediation showed that both performance-approach and performance-avoidance goals reduced the impact of a low perceived relative position on future expectations, while mastery-approach and mastery-avoidance goals did not moderate its effect.

Published
2022
Full Text
View/download PDF

9. Perceiving Oneself to Be Integrated into the Peer Group: A Protective Factor against Victimization in Children with Learning Disabilities

Author

Mara Marini, Gloria Di Filippo, Marika Bonuomo, Giulia Torregiani, and Stefano Livi

Subjects
school bullying, social integration, specific learning disabilities, Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry, RC321-571
Abstract

Bullying is still a widespread social problem that needs serious attention. To date, research on this topic has shown that understanding the phenomenon requires a psychosocial perspective. The primary goal of the study is to identify the factors that contribute to the victimization of students with learning disabilities. The hypothesis is that the victimization experiences of this group of students can be explained by some socio-relational dynamics. Using a mediation model, this study demonstrates that perceived social integration completely mediates the association between the presence of learning disabilities and victimization experiences. This implies that students with learning disabilities are primarily victimized when they are not socially integrated into their class group. The implications for diagnosis and treatment are discussed.

Published
2023
Full Text
View/download PDF

10. Aspetti individuali, interpersonali e sociali del bullismo etnico: studio su un campione nazionale di studenti della scuola secondaria di primo grado

Author

Mara Marini, Stefano Livi, Gloria Di Filippo, Francesco Maria Melchiori, Caterina D'Ardia, and Guido Benvenuto

Subjects
ethnic bullying, foreign students, school achievement, social integration, social networks., Education
Abstract

This research investigates – through two studies conducted on a sample of Italian and foreign students – the factors potentially involved in the phenomenon of ethnic bullying and its connections with school achievement, social networks and students’ perceived school integration. In the first study a series of information was collected on Italian students’ bullying (N = 1638) which showed a negative relationship with school performance and the perception of integration with their foreign schoolmates, while the social network was not relevant. Study 2 analyzed the victimization of foreign students (N = 425) and significant and negative relationships only with the extension of the social network were found. These results, in addition to requiring an in-depth examination of this subject, suggest that greater attention should be paid to the educational pathways and to the anti-bullying intervention programs, considering both the levels of school integration between immigrant and native students and the social networks, and highlighting the social nature of the phenomenon.

Published
2019
Full Text
View/download PDF

11. Tracking the Leader: Gaze Behavior in Group Interactions

Author

Francesca Capozzi, Cigdem Beyan, Antonio Pierro, Atesh Koul, Vittorio Murino, Stefano Livi, Andrew P. Bayliss, Jelena Ristic, and Cristina Becchio

Subjects
Science
Abstract

Summary: Can social gaze behavior reveal the leader during real-world group interactions? To answer this question, we developed a novel tripartite approach combining (1) computer vision methods for remote gaze estimation, (2) a detailed taxonomy to encode the implicit semantics of multi-party gaze features, and (3) machine learning methods to establish dependencies between leadership and visual behaviors. We found that social gaze behavior distinctively identified group leaders. Crucially, the relationship between leadership and gaze behavior generalized across democratic and autocratic leadership styles under conditions of low and high time-pressure, suggesting that gaze can serve as a general marker of leadership. These findings provide the first direct evidence that group visual patterns can reveal leadership across different social behaviors and validate a new promising method for monitoring natural group interactions. : Social Interaction; Neuroscience; Behavioral Neuroscience Subject Areas: Social Interaction, Neuroscience, Behavioral Neuroscience

Published
2019
Full Text
View/download PDF

12. When the Black Sheep Is Not So «Black»: Social Comparison as a Standard for Ingroup Evaluation in Classrooms

Author

Marika Rullo, Stefano Livi, Giuseppe Pantaleo, and Rosita Viola

Subjects
black sheep effect, ingroup bias, multiple perspectives, social comparison, social identity, confronto sociale, identità sociale, prospettive multiple, Education
Abstract

Previous research (Marques & Levine, 2016) suggests that the black sheep effect refers to the tendency of people to evaluate ingroup deviants members more negatively than outgroup deviants members. School students (N = 60) evaluated negative and positive performances attributed respectively to ingroup and outgroup members (unfavorable comparison) and negative performances attributed to both ingroup and outgroup members (neutral comparison). Results show that negative performances from ingroup members are less devaluated in the unfavorable comparisons condition than in the neutral comparisons condition and this effect is moderated by identification with their own school. Moreover, results show that in the unfavorable comparison condition students perceived a greater threat to their social identity than in the neutral comparison condition. The implications of these results are discussed in relation to the black sheep categorization and ingroup bias in a school context.

Published
2017
Full Text
View/download PDF

13. Local Norms and the Theory of Planned Behavior: Understanding the Effects of Spatial Proximity on Recycling Intentions and Self-Reported Behavior

Author

Paola Passafaro, Stefano Livi, and Ankica Kosic

Subjects
local norms, theory of planned behavior, social norms, descriptive norms, spatial proximity, recycling, Psychology, BF1-990
Abstract

This paper aims to deepen the understanding of the role of “local norms” in explaining ecological behavior within Ajzen’s Theory of Planned Behavior. A longitudinal investigation (overall N = 222), focused on households waste recycling, tested the hypothesis that the effects of this type of norms on behavioral intentions varies as a function of the individual’s spatial proximity to the social categories relevant to the social-physical context (in this study: housemates, neighbors, inhabitants of the district or quarter, and inhabitants of the city) in which the behavior takes place. The hypothesis was confirmed and we also showed that the effects of local norms are empirically distinguishable from those of the social norms already considered by the model (i.e., subjective norms). Local norms, also have a direct influence on self-reported recycling behavior measured 1 month after intentions. We propose possible theoretical explanations for the results obtained and discuss the implications for applicative purposes.

Published
2019
Full Text
View/download PDF

14. Exporting Americanism: Arthur Bullard and American Propaganda in Russia

Author

Stefano Livi

Subjects
bullard, committe on public information, public diplomacy, propaganda, bolshevik revolution, History America, E-F
Abstract

The essay provides a broader understanding of American propaganda abroad during World War I and its aftermath by analyzing the role of the Committee on Public Information in revolutionary Russia through one of its directors, Arthur Bullard. While the main goal of the CPI was to keep Russia in the war, his view went beyond the conflict and looked at emphasizing the desire of friendly relations between the American and Russian peoples by appealing to the admiration that many Russians felt for the American lifestyle, in order to contain the spread of Bolshevism in Russian territories.

Published
2019
Full Text
View/download PDF

15. Motivated Shield From Chronic Noise Environment: Moderation of the Relationship Between Noise Sensitivity and Work Wellbeing by Need for Closure

Author

Stefano Livi, Gennaro Pica, Giuseppe Carrus, Marika Rullo, and Marta Gentile

Subjects
need for cognitive closure, cognitive energetics theory, environmental noise, noise sensitivity, wellbeing, workplace, Psychology, BF1-990
Abstract

Several studies have underlined how chronic exposure to environmental noise may have negative effects on performance, wellbeing, and social relations. The present study (N = 90 employees of a motor factory who are chronically exposed to environmental noise) investigated whether the negative effects of chronic exposure of noise-sensitive individuals to noise in the workplace may be moderated by the need for cognitive closure (i.e., an epistemic tendency to reduce uncertainty; NFCC, Kruglanski, 2004). As NFCC has been shown to enhance protection of the focal goal by reducing interference (Kossowska, 2007; Pica et al., 2013), we hypothesized that people with high NFCC should be able to manage the interference coming from environmental noise and concentrate on their tasks more than their low-NFCC counterparts. The results confirm that the negative effects of noise sensitivity on job satisfaction, state anxiety, and turnover intent were higher among low (vs. high)-NFCC individuals.

Published
2018
Full Text
View/download PDF

16. 'You Can See How Things Will End by the Way They Begin': The Contribution of Early Mutual Obligations for the Development of the Psychological Contract

Author

Maria Luisa Farnese, Stefano Livi, Barbara Barbieri, and René Schalk

Subjects
psychological contract, perceived mutual obligations, interaction, newcomers, longitudinal study, Psychology, BF1-990
Abstract

This study explores dynamic processes in the development of the psychological contract, focusing on the interaction of obligations related to the two parties (i.e., employees’ perceptions of both their own and the organization’s obligations fulfillment) on attitudinal outcomes (organizational commitment and turnover intention) during the initial stage of the employment relationship. In a twofold cross-sectional and two-wave study on newly hired correctional police officers, we examined: (a) whether perception of organizational obligations fulfillment moderates the relationship between employee obligations and their attitudes (Study 1, n.500); (b) the direct and moderated influence of perceived obligations at the entrance stage on those in the following months (Study 2, n.223). Results confirmed that, in the eyes of the newcomer, the obligations fulfillment of each of the two parties interact, having an additional effect beyond the main direct effects, in influencing both subsequent obligations perceptions and, through this, the outcome variables. Theoretical and practical implications of the findings are discussed.

Published
2018
Full Text
View/download PDF

17. The rocky road to prosocial behavior at work: The role of positivity and organizational socialization in preventing interpersonal strain.

Author

Stefano Livi, Annalisa Theodorou, Marika Rullo, Luigi Cinque, and Guido Alessandri

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

Among relevant consequences of organizational socialization, a key factor is the promotion of organizational citizenship behaviors toward individuals (i.e. OCBI). However, the relation between organizational socialization and OCBI has received little attention. This study tests the validity of a moderated mediation model in which we examine the mediating effect of a decreased interpersonal strain on the relationship between organizational socialization and OCBI, and the moderation role of a positive personal resource in reducing interpersonal strain when an unsuccessful socialization subsists. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 765 new recruits of the Guardia di Finanza-a military Police Force reporting to the Italian Minister of Economy. Findings confirm our hypothesis that interpersonal strain mediates the relationship between organizational socialization and OCBI. The index of moderated mediation results significant, showing that this effect exists at different levels of positivity. Theoretical and practical implications for promoting pro-organizational behaviors are discussed.

Published
2018
Full Text
View/download PDF

18. A Study of Perceived Parental Communication and Propensity towards Reconciliation among Youth in Vukovar (Croatia)

Author

Ankica Kosić and Stefano Livi

Subjects
parental communication, adolescent conflict management, victimhood, reconciliation in post-conflict areas, Social Sciences
Abstract

This paper explores some socio-psychological factors that might be indicative of the willingness of young people to establish post-conflict intergroup relationships in the city of Vukovar in Croatia. It is based on a study involving 254 students (132 male and 122 female) from the University of Vukovar and high schools, who identified themselves with one of the two ethnic groups associated with the conflict in Croatia; Croats (N=165) and Serbs N=89). Participants completed a questionnaire on perceived parental communication, styles of adolescent conflict management within the family, their sense of victimhood, and their propensity towards reconciliation with youth belonging to the out-group. As expected, results confirm that sense of victimhood, referring to the loss of or damage to one's house and to personal losses and threats to one's own life or the lives of significant others, is associated with negative emotions towards youth belonging to the out-group and less propensity towards reconciliation. Moreover, results show that perceived constructive parental communication is associated with higher propensity towards reconciliation among youth belonging to the out-group. Interestingly, the results suggest that young people who perceived their parents using constructive and non-aggressive relational communication (versus those who are verbally aggressive) seem to have a greater propensity towards reconciliation even when the young people in question experienced a high sense of victimhood. The paper discusses the theoretical and practical implications of the findings for improving communication and enhancing understanding between groups in post-conflict areas.

Published
2012

19. Reactions to ingroup and outgroup deviants: an experimental group paradigm for black sheep effect.

Author

Marika Rullo, Fabio Presaghi, and Stefano Livi

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

In the classic black sheep effect (BSE) an ingroup deviant member is usually evaluated more negatively than the corresponding outgroup deviant. This effect is usually obtained by using scenarios and asking people to imagine the situation as vividly as possible. The present study proposes a new method to investigate the BSE by considering the behavioral and physiological reactions to unfair behavior (aggressive game behavior) in a realistic experimental group-setting. The study involved 52 university students in a minimal group setting who performed a modified version of the competitive reaction time (CRT) task adapted to be played in groups of four people. The classic BSE was replicated for evaluation but not for the behavioral reactions (retaliate to aggression) to deviants. More interestingly, a negative relationship emerged in the ingroup deviant condition between the level of behavioral derogation and the systolic blood pressure level.

Published
2015
Full Text
View/download PDF

20. Time Heals All (Shallow) Wounds: A Lesson on Forgiveness of Ingroup Transgressors Learned by the Feyenoord Vandal Fans

Author

Marika Rullo, Fabio Presaghi, Stefano Livi, Silvia Mazzuca, and Roberto Dessi

Subjects
forgiveness, time, ingroup bias, group stereotype, vandalism, soccer fans, Social Sciences
Abstract

This paper examines how a social threat posed by a deviant behavior affects second-hand forgiveness over time toward ingroup and outgroup transgressors. In Study 1, using real news reports, we investigated intergroup rivalries between soccer fans in order to understand the role of group membership in predicting the intention to forgive transgressors. Results suggested that transgressors were less likely to be forgiven by ingroup members rather than outgroup members, thus showing evidence of the black sheep effect. In Study 2 (using a different sample), we analyzed the same intergroup rivalries one year after the transgression in order to explore changes in intention to forgive over time. Results showed that, after one year, ingroup members were more likely to forgive ingroup than outgroup transgressors, but only when the threat to the group stereotype was not salient. The implications of the results for the subjective group dynamics theory and for the black sheep effect are discussed.

Published
2017
Full Text
View/download PDF

22. Analysis of Psychological and Social Functioning in Undergraduate Students with a Specific Learning Disorder (SLD)

Author

Filippo, Marika Bonuomo, Mara Marini, Nicoletta Vegni, Sergio Melogno, Giulia Torregiani, Stefano Livi, and Gloria Di

Subjects
specific learning disorder, undergraduate students, psychological well-being, social well-being
Abstract

It is considered to be particularly interesting to enrich the scientific overview investigating the comorbidities of specific learning disorders (SLDs) in young adults. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the psychosocial and relational profiles associated with the presence of learning difficulties in a population of university students. The hypothesis is that young adults with SLDs have lower psychological and socio-relational functioning than their typical-development peers. We further hypothesized that the socio-relational difficulties of students with SLDs could be explained not only by referring to the presence of a learning disorder, but also by considering some variables that may follow the experience of students with SLDs. The results highlighted that students with SLDs, compared to their typical-development peers, have low self-efficacy, high academic anxiety scores, emotional problems, and issues with peers. We finally suggest considering these aspects as early as the diagnostic process to facilitate an effective treatment plan for learning disorders to prevent, in terms of developmental trajectory, the manifestation of these aspects in adulthood.

Published
2023
Full Text
View/download PDF

24. The Impact of Perceived Barriers to Career Advancement: A Study with a Sample of Italian University Students

Author

Benvenuto, Mara Marini, Stefano Livi, Laura Prislei, Chiara Parisse, Alessandra Cecalupo, Federica Scarci, and Guido

Subjects
economic constraints, perceived barriers, career adaptability, work volition, career goals, vocational guidance, career counseling
Abstract

The goals established by the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, and the new needs that globalization has created, have prompted researchers to examine young people’s educational and professional experiences in the context of economic and social disadvantages, considering agency capacities and psychological factors. Following these research interests, this study aimed to evaluate Italian university students’ perceptions of socioeconomic barriers to achieving professional goals and the effects of these perceived barriers on some indicators of adaptation. The study included 401 Italian university students (M = 24.18, SD = 3.33). The results demonstrated that economic constraints can be a psychological barrier to career advancement by negatively influencing the perception of being able to actively choose one’s professional future and by diminishing the psychological resources required to adapt to complex environments. In turn, this can indirectly affect the perceived gap between a person’s career goals and their progress toward achieving them, thereby impeding their adaptation processes. The implications of the research are discussed.

Published
2023
Full Text
View/download PDF

25. Strofio: A Status Update

Author

Jared Schroeder, Stefano Livi, and Frederic Allegrini

Abstract

Strofio is a neutral mass spectrometer designed to measure the chemical composition of Mercury’s exosphere. Neutral species enter the instrument through one of two inlets before they are ionized via electron impact. The product ions are then guided by dozens of individually programmed electrodes toward the detector. A rotating electric field determines the time-of-flight (TOF) of each particle before they collide with a microchannel plate (MCP). Upon launch, one of the system’s electrodes (D5) suffered an anomaly that disrupted communications between the commanded value and the value reported in telemetry. This particular electrode is responsible for steering the particles into the MCP. Laboratory tests with the engineering model confirm mission requirements are satisfied regardless of the electrode state with the caveat being a reduced first-order mass range; however, second-order manipulation can extend the mass range to pre-anomaly standards. I will present the latest advances we have made in optimizing the instrument in its current state.

Published
2023

26. Can moral convictions against gender inequality overpower system justification effects? Examining the interaction between moral conviction and system justification

Author

Martijn van Zomeren, Stefano Livi, Mauro Giacomantonio, Valeria De Cristofaro, Valerio Pellegrini, and Social Psychology

Subjects
collective action, Social Psychology, media_common.quotation_subject, Intention, Morals, Collective action, Vulnerable Populations, group identification, State (polity), Surveys and Questionnaires, Humans, media_common, Derogation, gender inequality, Ingroups and outgroups, United Kingdom, United States, Disadvantaged, Conviction, Female, System justification, Psychology, Social psychology, Gender pay gap, moral conviction, system justification
Abstract

It has been shown that disadvantaged groups who endorse system-justifying beliefs tend to internalize their state of inferiority by expressing ingroup derogation and opposing collective action for change. In the present research, we recruited women – as disadvantaged group – from different countries (the United States, the United Kingdom, Italy) and examined whether their moral conviction against gender inequality, as an absolute stance that does not tolerate any violation, may interact with and overpower system-justifying beliefs. Results from three studies provided support for our hypotheses. First, when women held strong moral conviction, they expressed higher identification with their disadvantaged ingroup and, in turn, higher collective action intentions, independent of system-justifying beliefs. Second, when women held weak moral conviction, higher system-justifying beliefs reduced women’s ingroup identification and, in turn, undermined their collective action intentions. This support is found across different contexts of gender inequality (the gender leadership gap, the gender pay gap, and the gender power imbalance), using different methodological approaches (online survey, online experiment, laboratory experiment). Implications, limits, and future directions are discussed.

Published
2021

27. Increasing the Signal-to-Noise Ratio of a Mass Spectrometer Using a Velocity Filter

Author

Jared Schroeder, Stefano Livi, Frederic Allegrini, and Peter Wurz

Abstract

Strofio is a mass spectrometer, aboard the BepiColombo mission, that utilizes a time-of-flight method to determine the mass-per-charge of each particle entering its aperture in order to study the chemical composition of the exosphere of Mercury. Optimization of Strofio involves finding a balance between system efficiency and mass resolution while increasing the signal-to-noise ratio. In order to ensure our data is exospheric in nature, we must separate the Mercury environment from the background environment. The background environment is made up of thermal particles produced from sources like the outgassing of the spacecraft as well as from the instrument itself. This problem can be addressed by assigning the correct voltages to the source apparatus, thereby realizing a background filter. This filter works best in Mach 2 or larger regimes to ensure the targeted particles do not get filtered out with the background. My work focuses on writing and running a series of computer simulations that optimize the velocity filter in accordance with the configuration of the flight model.

Published
2022

28. Measuring Mercury Exosphere with the Mass Spectrometer Strofio

Author

Stefano Livi, Frederic Allegrini, Jared Schroeder, and George Ho

Abstract

The mass spectrometer Strofio onboard BepiColombo will perform detailed measurements of the chemical composition of Mercury's exosphere. The time and spatial variations of the composition signal will deliver important information about the mechanisms responsible for creating and maintaining the exosphere. Data available from MESSENGER and ground telescope observations as well as simulation on the processes leading to the exosphere are compared to instrument performance as measured during calibration to prove Strofio can reach the stated goals. The instrument suffered in flight an unexpected high voltage problem, but we were able to identify workarounds that should be sufficient to recover most (if not all) the performances necessary for achieving the goals of the experiment.

Published
2022

33. Solar Orbiter SWA-PAS and SWA-HIS observations of O+ ions in the very distant tails of the comets C/2019 Y4(ATLAS) and C/2021 A1(Leonard)

Author

Andrey Fedorov, Stefano Livi, Philippe Louarn, Chris Owen, and Jim Raines

Abstract

ESA solar observatory Solar Orbiter is expected to have flown close to a comet plasma tail two times during the mission cruise phase. It passed behind the comet C/2019 Y4(ATLAS) in the end of May 2020. The second chance occurred on December 2021 when Solar Orbiter has encountered the tail of C/2021 A1(Leonard). In the both cases the distance between the spacecraft and the comet nucleus was about 40 million km. At the time of the encounter the comet ATLAS was at just 0.3 AU from Sun, and in the second case the comet Leonard was at the Venus orbit (0.7 AU). In both cases SWA-PAS ion spectrometer has seen very clear signature of the pickup O+ ions (with the maximum at about solar wind velocity). We observed the flow of the cometary tail ions as rather sharp bursts on just several minutes of duration. The heavy ion mass-spectrometer HIS observed O+ ions (among other species of the cometary origin) during the Leonard's tail encounter. We used inter-calibrated data of both instruments to get the absolute O+ flux from both comets.

Published
2022

34. Preferential Acceleration of Suprathermal Particles at Shocks

Author

Stefano Livi, Chris Owen, Philippe Louarn, Andrei Fedorov, Ben Alterman, Susan Lepri, Jim Raines, Antoniette Galvin, Lynn Kistler, Frederic Allegrini, Keiichi Ogasawara, Peter Wurz, Roberto Bruno, Raffaella D'Amicis, and Michael Collier

Abstract

On October/November 2021 the Heavy Ion Sensor onboard Solar Orbiter observed data connected to three interplanetary shock events: Oct 30, Nov 3 and Nov 27. During all three events, the flux of suprathermal particles, defined as those having an energy larger than twice the energy of the solar wind component, showed remarkable intensification. We discuss those changes and specifically how particles of different mass/charge and energy/charge distribution before the shock are affected differently by the interaction with the shock front itself. From these three expampes, it appears that intensifications are stronger for species already having a seed population in the suprathermal regime.

Published
2022

35. Motivated team innovation: Impact of need for closure and epistemic authority

Author

Annalisa Theodorou, Stefano Livi, Arie W. Kruglanski, Antonio Pierro, Theodorou, A., Livi, S., Kruglanski, A. W., and Pierro, A.

Subjects
Cultural Studies, Sociology and Political Science, Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous), Social Psychology, adoption of newcomer’s idea, Communication, need for closure, adoption of newcomer’s ideas, epistemic authority, innovation
Abstract

New members are important sources of innovative perspectives in groups. However, it can be very difficult for newcomers’ ideas to be heard. It is likely that group members with high (vs. low) levels of need for closure (NFC) are more resistant to newcomers’ innovative ideas. Moreover, when group epistemic authority (EA) is high, members should “freeze” on the group’s ideas, regardless of the newcomer’s EA. In contrast, when group EA is low, members would be expected to “seize” the ideas proposed by newcomers with high EA. Study 1 confirmed that high (vs. low) NFC group members are more resistant to newcomers’ innovative ideas. In Study 2, in high NFC groups, evidence was obtained for seizing but not freezing. In Study 3, for group members with heightened NFC, both freezing and seizing results were obtained. Findings suggest that both NFC and EA play important roles in receptivity to newcomers’ ideas.

Published
2022

36. Investigating Mercury's Environment with the Two-Spacecraft BepiColombo Mission

Author

Oleg Korablev, M. Fujimoto, Léa Griton, Cesare Grava, Masafumi Hirahara, Hirotsugu Kojima, S. Barabash, Wolfgang Baumjohann, A. Martindale, Chuanfei Dong, François Leblanc, Chris Carr, S. T. Lindsay, Yasumasa Kasaba, M. Kobayashi, Herbert Lichtenegger, Philippe-A. Bourdin, Karri Muinonen, J. S. Oliveira, Jan-Erik Wahlund, Ferdinand Plaschke, Christina Plainaki, S. M. P. McKenna-Lawlor, Dominique Delcourt, Eric Quémerais, Xianzhe Jia, Dusan Odstrcil, James A. Slavin, V. Mangano, M. G. Pelizzo, Benoit Langlais, Joe Zender, Emma J. Bunce, Ichiro Yoshikawa, Peter Wurz, Stavro Ivanovski, Stefano Massetti, George C. Ho, Y. Saito, Juhani Huovelin, Suzanne M. Imber, Sae Aizawa, Alessandro Mura, Jim M. Raines, Ayako Matsuoka, F. Sahraoui, Karl-Heinz Glassmeier, Pierre Henri, Rami Vainio, Matthew K. James, Rosemary M. Killen, Stefano Orsini, Shahab Fatemi, Tomas Karlsson, Monica Laurenza, Esa Kallio, Christoph Lhotka, Michiko Morooka, Johannes Benkhoff, David A. Rothery, Yasuhito Narita, Michel Moncuquet, Anna Milillo, Alexey A. Berezhnoy, Satoshi Yagitani, Adam Masters, F. Califano, Manuel Grande, Stefano Livi, Daniel Heyner, Emilia Kilpua, G. Murakami, Jan Deca, S. de la Fuente, R. Moissl, Bernard V. Jackson, Kanako Seki, N. André, M. Dósa, Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali - INAF (IAPS), Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency [Sagamihara] (JAXA), European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESTEC), Agence Spatiale Européenne = European Space Agency (ESA), Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Wigner Research Centre for Physics [Budapest], Hungarian Academy of Sciences (MTA), Institut für Geophysik und Extraterrestrische Physik [Braunschweig] (IGEP), Technische Universität Braunschweig = Technical University of Braunschweig [Braunschweig], Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory [Laurel, MD] (APL), Department of Atmospheric, Oceanic, and Space Sciences [Ann Arbor] (AOSS), University of Michigan [Ann Arbor], University of Michigan System-University of Michigan System, Space Research Centre [Leicester], University of Leicester, Department of Space and Plasma Physics [Stockholm], KTH School of Electrical Engineering, Royal Institute of Technology [Stockholm] (KTH )-Royal Institute of Technology [Stockholm] (KTH ), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Space Technology Ireland Limited, Department of Climate and Space Sciences and Engineering (CLaSP), School of Physical Sciences [Milton Keynes], Faculty of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics [Milton Keynes], The Open University [Milton Keynes] (OU)-The Open University [Milton Keynes] (OU), Space Research Institute of Austrian Academy of Sciences (IWF), Austrian Academy of Sciences (OeAW), Sternberg Astronomical Institute [Moscow], Lomonosov Moscow State University (MSU), University of Pisa - Università di Pisa, University of Colorado [Boulder], European Space Astronomy Centre (ESAC), Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory (PPPL), Princeton University, Department of Astrophysical Sciences [Princeton], Southwest Research Institute [San Antonio] (SwRI), Swedish Institute of Space Physics [Kiruna] (IRF), Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l'Environnement et de l'Espace (LPC2E), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste (OAT), University of California [San Diego] (UC San Diego), University of California (UC), Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering [Espoo], School of Electrical Engineering [Aalto Univ], Aalto University-Aalto University, Planetary Plasma and Atmospheric Research Center [Sendai] (PPARC), Tohoku University [Sendai], Department of Physics [Helsinki], Falculty of Science [Helsinki], Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki-Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki, Planetary Exploration Research Center [Chiba] (PERC), Chiba Institute of Technology (CIT), Laboratoire de Planétologie et Géodynamique [UMR 6112] (LPG), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), HELIOS - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, Swedish Institute of Space Physics [Uppsala] (IRF), Institute of Physics [Graz], Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz, Centro de Investigação da Terra e do Espaço da UC (CITEUC), Universidade de Coimbra [Coimbra], CNR Institute for Photonics and Nanotechnologies (IFN), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Italian Space Agency, Laboratoire de Physique des Plasmas (LPP), Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École polytechnique (X)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Earth and Planetary Science [Tokyo], Graduate School of Science [Tokyo], The University of Tokyo (UTokyo)-The University of Tokyo (UTokyo), Space Research Laboratory [Turku] (SRL), Department of Physics and Astronomy [Turku], University of Turku-University of Turku, Physics Institute [Bern], University of Bern, Department of Physics [Imperial College London], Institute of Mathematical and Physical Sciences [Aberystwyth], University of Wales, Institute for Space-Earth Environmental Research [Nagoya] (ISEE), Nagoya University, Space Research Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IKI), Russian Academy of Sciences [Moscow] (RAS), Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere (RISH), Kyoto University, Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique = Laboratory of Space Studies and Instrumentation in Astrophysics (LESIA), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Graduate School of the Natural Science and Technology [Kanazawa], Kanazawa University (KU), Department of Complexity Science and Engineering [Tokyo], The University of Tokyo (UTokyo), European Space Agency (ESA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), University of California, University of Helsinki-University of Helsinki, Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Karl-Franzens-Universität [Graz, Autriche], Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Roma] (CNR), Kyoto University [Kyoto], Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA (UMR_8109)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), The Royal Society, Science and Technology Facilities Council, INAF National Institute for Astrophysics, JAXA Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, European Space Research and Technology Centre, IRAP, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Technical University of Braunschweig, Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Space Technology Ireland, Open University Milton Keynes, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Lomonosov Moscow State University, University of Pisa, University of Colorado Boulder, European Space Astronomy Centre, Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Southwest Research Institute, Uppsala University, Université d'Orléans, Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, University of California San Diego, Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering, Tohoku University, University of Helsinki, Chiba Institute of Technology, Université de Nantes, Sorbonne Université, University of Graz, National Research Council of Italy, Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, The University of Tokyo, University of Turku, Aberystwyth University, Space Research Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Kanazawa University, Aalto-yliopisto, and Aalto University

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Computer science, BepiColombo, chemistry.chemical_element, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy & Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Mercury’s environment, Fusion, plasma och rymdfysik, Interplanetary dust cloud, Astronomi, astrofysik och kosmologi, 0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences, 0103 physical sciences, Astronomy, Astrophysics and Cosmology, Exosphere, Magnetosphere, Aerospace engineering, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Scientific instrument, Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP), Spacecraft, business.industry, 520 Astronomy, Astronomy and Astrophysics, 620 Engineering, Fusion, Plasma and Space Physics, Mercury (element), Solar wind, Planetary science, chemistry, Space and Planetary Science, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Mercury's environment, Mercury’s environment · Magnetosphere · Exosphere · BepiColombo, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, business, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

The ESA-JAXA BepiColombo mission will provide simultaneous measurements from two spacecraft, offering an unprecedented opportunity to investigate magnetospheric and exospheric dynamics at Mercury as well as their interactions with the solar wind, radiation, and interplanetary dust. Many scientific instruments onboard the two spacecraft will be completely, or partially devoted to study the near-space environment of Mercury as well as the complex processes that govern it. Many issues remain unsolved even after the MESSENGER mission that ended in 2015. The specific orbits of the two spacecraft, MPO and Mio, and the comprehensive scientific payload allow a wider range of scientific questions to be addressed than those that could be achieved by the individual instruments acting alone, or by previous missions. These joint observations are of key importance because many phenomena in Mercury's environment are highly temporally and spatially variable. Examples of possible coordinated observations are described in this article, analysing the required geometrical conditions, pointing, resolutions and operation timing of different BepiColombo instruments sensors., Comment: 78 pages, 14 figures, published

Published
2022
Full Text
View/download PDF

37. Whistler instability driven by the sunward electron deficit in the solar wind: High-cadence Solar Orbiter observations

Author

Matthieu Berthomier, V. Fortunato, Thomas Chust, Stefano Livi, Dhiren Kataria, Christopher J. Owen, Yuri V. Khotyaintsev, C. Anekallu, Etienne Behar, Christopher W. Kelly, Daniel Verscharen, Lucas Colomban, Roberto Bruno, G. Mele, Matthieu Kretzschmar, Milan Maksimovic, Laura Berčič, Philippe Louarn, Georgios Nicolaou, G. Watson, Robert T. Wicks, and Gethyn R. Lewis

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Whistler, Wave propagation, F300, Astrophysics, Electron, F500, 01 natural sciences, Electromagnetic radiation, law.invention, Orbiter, law, 0103 physical sciences, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Physics, Computer Science::Information Retrieval, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Plasma, Computational physics, Solar wind, Heat flux, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Physics::Space Physics, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

Context. Solar wind electrons play an important role in the energy balance of the solar wind acceleration by carrying energy into interplanetary space in the form of electron heat flux. The heat flux is stored in the complex electron velocity distribution functions (VDFs) shaped by expansion, Coulomb collisions, and field-particle interactions. Aims. We investigate how the suprathermal electron deficit in the anti-strahl direction, which was recently discovered in the near-Sun solar wind, drives a kinetic instability and creates whistler waves with wave vectors that are quasi-parallel to the direction of the background magnetic field. Methods. We combined high-cadence measurements of electron pitch-angle distribution functions and electromagnetic waves provided by Solar Orbiter during its first orbit. Our case study is based on a burst-mode data interval from the Electrostatic Analyser System (SWA-EAS) at a distance of 112 RS (0.52 au) from the Sun, during which several whistler wave packets were detected by Solar Orbiter’s Radio and Plasma Waves (RPW) instrument. Results. The sunward deficit creates kinetic conditions under which the quasi-parallel whistler wave becomes unstable. We directly test our predictions for the existence of these waves through solar wind observations. We find whistler waves that are quasi-parallel and almost circularly polarised, propagating away from the Sun, coinciding with a pronounced sunward deficit in the electron VDF. The cyclotron-resonance condition is fulfilled for electrons moving in the direction opposite to the direction of wave propagation, with energies corresponding to those associated with the sunward deficit. Conclusions. We conclude that the sunward deficit acts as a source of quasi-parallel whistler waves in the solar wind. The quasilinear diffusion of the resonant electrons tends to fill the deficit, leading to a reduction in the total electron heat flux.

Published
2021

38. High-cadence measurements of electron pitch-angle distributions from Solar Orbiter SWA-EAS burst mode operations

Author

Dhiren Kataria, V. Fortunato, Daniel Verscharen, Stefano Livi, Roberto Bruno, V. Angelini, P. Louarn, Helen O'Brien, G. Watson, Laura Berčič, Christopher W. Kelly, M. Berthomier, C. Anekallu, Gethyn R. Lewis, Christopher J. Owen, Timothy S. Horbury, Vincent Evans, G. Mele, Robert T. Wicks, Georgios Nicolaou, Mullard Space Science Laboratory (MSSL), University College of London [London] (UCL), Imperial College London, Laboratoire de Physique des Plasmas (LPP), Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École polytechnique (X)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Southwest Research Institute [San Antonio] (SwRI), Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Physics, [SDU.ASTR]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], business.industry, F300, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Plasma, Astrophysics, Electron, F500, F900, law.invention, Magnetic field, Orbiter, Optics, Space and Planetary Science, law, Physics::Space Physics, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Pitch angle, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, business, Cadence, Heliosphere, Burst mode (computing), ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

Small-scale kinetic processes associated with turbulence, plasma instabilities, magnetic reconnection, etc., play a major role in dissipating energy and governing the large-scale evolution of the solar wind. However, a general impediment to improving the understanding of the kinetic physics of the solar wind is in the limitations on measurement cadences of particle instruments, which are usually several orders of magnitude below the equivalent cadences of field instruments. Nevertheless, knowledge of the details of the particle velocity distribution functions (VDFs) at sub-second cadence is required to make progress in this area. This is particularly true for the electron VDFs, which play a significant role in the overall energetics of the solar wind through their transmission of heat flux from the Sun. In this paper, we detail and illustrate a novel measurement scheme deployed on Solar Orbiter’s Solar Wind Analyser Electron Analyser System (SWA-EAS), which allows for 2D pitch angle distributions (PAD) to be returned over short periods (5–10 min) at a cadence of 0.125 s. This is achieved through the use of a B-field vector shared by the magnetometer (MAG) instrument to steer the SWA-EAS system to record only that part of the full SWA-EAS field-of-view needed to construct the PAD. We provide an example of early observations using this scheme to illustrate that it is working well. Given that the electrons are usually gyrotropic, these measurements provide a new tool with which to derive details of the electron VDFs at high cadence for the study of the solar wind’s kinetic processes.

Published
2021

39. Factors That Influence the Success of Contact Lens Fitting in Presbyopes: A Multicentric Survey

Author

Antonio Ercoli, Manuele Di Censi, Shehzad A. Naroo, Fabrizio Zeri, Stefano Livi, Zeri, F, Di Censi, M, Livi, S, Ercoli, A, and Naroo, S

Subjects
Male, Subjective variables, Contact Lenses, Visual Acuity, Astigmatism, Logistic regression, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, CLs upper limits, Prosthesis Fitting, Surveys and Questionnaires, Humans, Medicine, Aged, Motivation, business.industry, Attitudes, Motivation, Presbyopia, Contact lenses, Presbyopia, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Ophthalmology, Key factors, Attitude, Contact lense, Patient Satisfaction, Health Care Surveys, 030221 ophthalmology & optometry, Visual contrast, Optometry, Female, business, Contact lens fitting, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the key factors behind successful and unsuccessful wear of contact lenses (CLs) for patients with presbyopia. METHOD: A multicenter survey was conducted using a questionnaire, in eight CL centers, among two groups of presbyopes: successful wearers (SWs), who were presbyopic and wearing CLs successfully, and unsuccessful wearers (UWs), who tried unsuccessfully to wear CLs to manage their presbyopia and had stopped wearing CLs. RESULTS: A total of 237 completed questionnaires were returned; 178 from SWs and 59 from UWs. Successful wearers used CLs 5.8±1.5 days a week and additional reading spectacles were never used by half of the SWs. Among SWs, the most important reason to continue wearing CLs was convenience (61%), whereas among UWs, the most important reason to discontinue wearing CLs was poor vision (80%). A logistic regression analysis showed that the absence of astigmatism (P

Published
2019

40. MESSENGER Observations of Disappearing Dayside Magnetosphere Events at Mercury

Author

James A. Slavin, Gina A. DiBraccio, Suzanne M. Imber, Chuanfei Dong, Stefano Livi, Xianzhe Jia, H. R. Middleton, Gangkai Poh, J. Zhong, R. M. Dewey, Mojtaba Akhavan-Tafti, Jim M. Raines, Weijie Sun, J. M. Jasinski, and M. L. Mays

Subjects
Physics, Geophysics, chemistry, Space and Planetary Science, Coronal mass ejection, chemistry.chemical_element, Magnetosphere, Mercury (element), Exosphere, Astrobiology
Published
2019

41. The MERiT Onboard the CeREs: A Novel Instrument to Study Energetic Particles in the Earth's Radiation Belts

Author

S. Riall, E. R. Christian, A. Evans, Quintin Schiller, Lauren Blum, Nikolaos Paschalidis, Stefano Livi, J. Mukherjee, Jeff Dumonthier, D. Patel, Kristie LLera, S. Guerro, E. J. Summerlin, Shrikanth Kanekal, M. I. Desai, Keiichi Ogasawara, E. Pollack, John Lucas, G. Suarez, Gary Crum, J. MacKinnon, and A. D. Greeley

Subjects
Physics, Solar energetic particles, business.industry, Electron, law.invention, Telescope, symbols.namesake, Geophysics, Optics, Space and Planetary Science, law, Proton transport, Van Allen radiation belt, Microburst, symbols, CubeSat, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, business, Zenith
Abstract

The Miniaturized Electron pRoton Telescope, MERiT, is a low‐mass, low‐power, compact instrument using an innovative combination of particle detectors, sensor electronics, and onboard processing. MERiT is flying on the Compact Radiation belt Explorer, CeREs, a 3U CubeSat launched into a low earth orbit of 500‐km altitude and inclination of 85° on 16 December 2018. The primary and secondary science goals of CeREs are to investigate electron microbursts and to study solar particles. MERiT comprises a stack of solid state detectors (SSD) behind space facing avalanche photo diodes (APDs) surrounded by W‐Al shielding to reduce side‐penetrating particle background. The APD‐SSD combination enables measurement of electrons from 5 to 200 keV and 1 to 8 MeV; protons from 200–400 keV and 7–100 MeV in differential channels with energy resolution ΔE/E≈30% for both electrons and protons. MERiT measures microbursts with a high time resolution ranging from 4 to 16 ms and solar particles with a cadence of 1 s. MERiT energy channels and cadences are software configurable via algorithms and lookup tables residing on a field‐programmable gate array. The lookup tables can be changed via ground commands. MERiT geometry factor is 31 sq.cm‐sr and optimized to measure microbursts with the instrument viewing the local zenith in orbit. MERiT enables investigation of dynamical processes of radiation belt electron energization and loss, solar electron and proton transport, and their access to the Earth's polar caps. We describe the MERiT sensor design, calibration, operational modes, data products, and science goals.

Published
2019

42. Evolution of Solar Wind Turbulence from 0.1 to 1 au during the First Parker Solar Probe-Solar Orbiter Radial Alignment

Author

Stuart D. Bale, Michael L. Stevens, Phyllis Whittlesey, Peter R. Harvey, Christopher J. Owen, Philippe Louarn, Stefano Livi, Francesco Carbone, Ester Antonucci, Rossana De Marco, L. D. Woodham, Helen O'Brien, V. Angelini, Marco Romoli, Lingling Zhao, Marc Pulupa, Robert J. MacDowall, Thierry Dudok de Wit, Anthony W. Case, Olga Panasenco, Davin Larson, Vincent Evans, Chen Shi, Laxman Adhikari, R. Laker, Luca Sorriso-Valvo, Raffaella D'Amicis, Roberto Livi, Daniele Telloni, Denise Perrone, Anna Tenerani, Konrad Steinvall, David M. Malaspina, Masaru Nakanotani, Vamsee Krishna Jagarlamudi, Keith Goetz, Kelly E. Korreck, Justin C. Kasper, Marco Velli, Roberto Bruno, Haoming Liang, Timothy S. Horbury, Raffaele Marino, Gary P. Zank, Imperial College London, Department of Physics [Imperial College London], Laboratoire de Mecanique des Fluides et d'Acoustique (LMFA), École Centrale de Lyon (ECL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Space Sciences Laboratory [Berkeley] (SSL), University of California [Berkeley], University of California-University of California, Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l'Environnement et de l'Espace (LPC2E), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Université de Lyon, and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[PHYS.ASTR.IM]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], HIGH-SPEED STREAMS, WAVES, Astronomy & Astrophysics, FREQUENCY, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Orbiter, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-PLASM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Plasma Physics [physics.plasm-ph], law, 0103 physical sciences, 0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, SPACE, 010306 general physics, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Physics, [PHYS]Physics [physics], ANISOTROPY, Science & Technology, Spacecraft, Turbulence, business.industry, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Plasma, EMPIRICAL MODE DECOMPOSITION, FLUCTUATIONS, [PHYS.ASTR.SR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Solar and Stellar Astrophysics [astro-ph.SR], [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-SPACE-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Space Physics [physics.space-ph], Computational physics, Magnetic field, Solar wind, Space and Planetary Science, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], ORIGINS, Physics::Space Physics, Physical Sciences, Solar Wind, INTERMITTENCY, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, SCALES, Magnetohydrodynamics, business, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-DATA-AN]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability [physics.data-an], Heliosphere
Abstract

The first radial alignment between Parker Solar Probe and Solar Orbiter spacecraft is used to investigate the evolution of solar wind turbulence in the inner heliosphere. Assuming ballistic propagation, two 1.5 hr intervals are tentatively identified as providing measurements of the same plasma parcels traveling from 0.1 to 1 au. Using magnetic field measurements from both spacecraft, the properties of turbulence in the two intervals are assessed. Magnetic spectral density, flatness, and high-order moment scaling laws are calculated. The Hilbert–Huang transform is additionally used to mitigate short sample and poor stationarity effects. Results show that the plasma evolves from a highly Alfvénic, less-developed turbulence state near the Sun, to fully developed and intermittent turbulence at 1 au. These observations provide strong evidence for the radial evolution of solar wind turbulence.

Published
2021

43. Individual Strivings in Social Comparison Processes: Achievement Motivation Goals in the Big-Fish-Little-Pond Effect

Author

Alessandra Cecalupo, Mara Marini, Federica Scarci, and Stefano Livi

Subjects
General Psychology
Abstract

In school settings, adolescents recur to different sources of information to create their beliefs about future possibilities. Social comparison processes and personal goals related to achievement play an important role in shaping these beliefs. Drawing upon literature concerning the Big-Fish-Little-Pond effect and the Achievement Goal Theory, the present study aimed at understanding how adolescents attending the last year of secondary school (n= 689;Mage= 18.15;SD= 0.57) perceive their possibilities of potentially having a better future than their classmates. In particular, we sought to understand in what way this perception is influenced by students’ perceived relative position in their class—which accounts for the social comparison process—and its interaction with different types of achievement goals (mastery-approach goals, mastery-avoidance goals, performance-approach goals, and performance-avoidance goals). Results showed that perceived relative position mediated the relationship between the predictors (classmates’ average achievement and individual achievement) and future expectations. Furthermore, analyses of moderated mediation showed that both performance-approach and performance-avoidance goals reduced the impact of a low perceived relative position on future expectations, while mastery-approach and mastery-avoidance goals did not moderate its effect.

Published
2021

44. The solar wind angular-momentum flux observed during Solar Orbiter's first orbit

Author

Vincent Evans, Christopher J. Owen, Stuart D. Bale, Dhiren Kataria, Andrei Fedorov, Gethyn R. Lewis, Adam J. Finley, Stefano Livi, V. Angelini, Helen O'Brien, G. Watson, Christopher M. R. Kelly, Philippe Louarn, Daniel Verscharen, David Stansby, Roberto Bruno, C. Anekallu, Timothy S. Horbury, and Marco Velli

Subjects
Physics, Orbiter, Angular momentum, Solar wind, law, Physics::Space Physics, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Flux, Astronomy, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Orbit (control theory), law.invention
Abstract

The Solar Orbiter mission is currently in its cruise phase, during which the spacecraft's in-situ instrumentation measures the solar wind and the electromagnetic fields at different heliocentric distances. We evaluate the solar wind angular-momentum flux by combining proton data from the Solar Wind Analyser (SWA) Proton-Alpha Sensor (PAS) and magnetic-field data from the Magnetometer (MAG) instruments on board Solar Orbiter during its first orbit. This allows us to evaluate the angular momentum in the protons in addition to that stored in magnetic-field stresses, and compare these to previous observations from other spacecraft. We discuss the statistical properties of the angular-momentum flux and its dependence on solar-wind properties. Our results largely agree with previous measurements of the solar wind’s angular-momentum flux in the inner heliosphere and demonstrate the potential for future detailed studies of large-scale properties of the solar wind with the data from Solar Orbiter.

Published
2021

45. Updates and Early Results from the Heavy Ion Sensor on Solar Orbiter

Author

Benjamin L. Alterman, Christopher J. Owen, Antoinette B. Galvin, L. M. Kistler, R. M. Dewey, Stefano Livi, Jim M. Raines, Frederic Allegrini, Michael R. Collier, and Susan T. Lepri

Subjects
Orbiter, Early results, business.industry, law, Environmental science, Heavy ion, Aerospace engineering, business, law.invention
Abstract

The Solar Orbiter mission was launched in 2020 into an orbit that will explore the inner heliosphere. During its orbit, periods of quasi-corotation with the Sun will enable determination of the source regions on the Sun for solar wind structures. The Solar Wind Analyser (SWA) is a suite of instruments that provide in-situ measurements of solar wind electrons, protons, alpha particles, and heavy ions. The SWA-Heavy Ion Sensor (HIS) is optimized to measure heavy ions in the solar wind, pickup ions, and suprathermal ions in an energy range spanning from 0.5- 75keV/e. We present measurements of heavy ion composition from SWA-HIS taken during the cruise phase of the mission to highlight the capabilities of the instrument and the observations we expect to collect over the next 10 years. We discuss how SWA-HIS will enable linkages between the Sun and the solar wind to reveal the nature of the acceleration and release of the solar wind and the sources and structure of the solar wind. We will also provide an overview of the available data and accessibility of the public datasets.

Published
2021

46. Correction to: SERENA: Particle Instrument Suite for Determining the Sun-Mercury Interaction from BepiColombo

Author

Raffaella Noschese, A. Loose, S. Barabash, A. Varsani, Markus Fränz, Diana Gamborino, Sándor Szalai, François Leblanc, Roberto Leoni, John Hayes, Stefano Livi, J. A. Scheer, A. Olivieri, F. Tominetti, Jim M. Raines, C. Kürbisch, Peter Wurz, Jean-Jacques Berthelier, Mats Holmström, Chuanfei Dong, Klaus Torkar, D. Toublanc, M. Ferris, G. Cremonese, Robert E. Johnson, Norbert Krupp, Menelaos Sarantos, M. D. Bush, Istvan Dr Horvath, George C. Ho, Magda Delva, G. Fremuth, A. M. Di Lellis, Raymond Goldstein, A. Aronica, Rosanna Rispoli, M. I. Desai, N. Vertolli, Stavro Ivanovski, Philippe Garnier, G. Laky, K. C. Hsieh, Nikolaos Paschalidis, L. Cremonesi, D. Brienza, Dominique Delcourt, B. Trantham, Kanako Seki, Ioannis A. Daglis, Iannis Dandouras, Harald Krüger, M. Leichtfried, Alessandro Gaggero, Karoly Szego, P. Wahlstroem, Frederic Allegrini, M. Cantatore, F. Giner, H. Jeszenszky, Manuel Grande, Wolfgang Baumjohann, F. Leblanc, Fabrizio Nuccilli, R. Wallner, A. D. Jacques, D. Maschietti, M. Wieser, Stefano Massetti, Walter Schmidt, Esa Kallio, Karoly Kecskemety, Dennis Haggerty, S. Zampieri, Anna Milillo, Greg Miller, S. Shuvalov, Helmut Lammer, H. Fischer, Francesco Lazzarotto, M. Oja, A. Shestakov, C. P. Escoubet, Shahab Fatemi, Roberto Sordini, J. Ryno, O. L. Vaisberg, V. Grishin, V. Mangano, Fabio Camozzi, L. Colasanti, W. C. Gibson, Adrian Kazakov, Alessandro Mura, D. Moissenko, Stefano Selci, Rosemary M. Killen, Kerrington D. Smith, Howard Smith, L. Szalai, Francesco Mattioli, Johan Svensson, S. M. P. McKenna-Lawlor, Hans Nilsson, R. S. Gurnee, C. Nunez, Mark Phillips, E. De Angelis, M. Famá, S. Persyn, P. Wilson, Daniele Piazza, Marco D'Alessandro, Alfredo Morbidini, U. Bührke, C. Urdiales, Herbert Lichtenegger, Christina Plainaki, J. Balaz, James A. Slavin, Sara Cibella, Stefano Orsini, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l'Environnement et de l'Espace (LPC2E), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES)

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Suite, chemistry.chemical_element, Astronomy and Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Mercury (element), Astrobiology, Planetary science, chemistry, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Space and Planetary Science, 0103 physical sciences, Environmental science, Particle, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

International audience

Published
2021

47. SERENA: Particle Instrument Suite for Determining the Sun-Mercury Interaction from BepiColombo

Author

Hans Nilsson, R. S. Gurnee, Wolfgang Baumjohann, Howard Smith, Menelaos Sarantos, Mark Phillips, Iannis Dandouras, S. Shuvalov, V. Grishin, D. Moissenko, Stavro Ivanovski, Johan Svensson, John Hayes, Markus Fränz, Stefano Orsini, Francesco Lazzarotto, S. Persyn, Stefano Selci, Rosemary M. Killen, S. M. P. McKenna-Lawlor, V. Mangano, Diana Gamborino, Sándor Szalai, B. Trantham, P. Wilson, M. Oja, M. Cantatore, François Leblanc, Peter Wurz, H. Jeszenszky, Dominique Delcourt, Chuanfei Dong, Helmut Lammer, A. Shestakov, A. Aronica, A. Loose, S. Barabash, H. Fischer, E. De Angelis, M. Famá, M. Wieser, C. Nunez, Harald Krüger, Kerrington D. Smith, George C. Ho, G. Laky, L. Cremonesi, Mats Holmström, Manuel Grande, C. Kürbisch, Raffaella Noschese, D. Toublanc, Fabio Camozzi, C. P. Escoubet, L. Szalai, Francesco Mattioli, P. Wahlstroem, D. Maschietti, James A. Slavin, N. Vertolli, L. Colasanti, Frederic Allegrini, F. Giner, Jean-Jacques Berthelier, W. C. Gibson, Roberto Leoni, Dennis Haggerty, Stefano Massetti, Fabrizio Nuccilli, R. Wallner, S. Zampieri, Anna Milillo, Magda Delva, G. Fremuth, A. M. Di Lellis, Raymond Goldstein, Sara Cibella, Esa Kallio, Greg Miller, Walter Schmidt, Alessandro Gaggero, J. A. Scheer, M. I. Desai, Philippe Garnier, U. Bührke, Shahab Fatemi, Karoly Kecskemety, D. Brienza, Marco D'Alessandro, Adrian Kazakov, M. Leichtfried, Karoly Szego, Stefano Livi, A. Olivieri, F. Tominetti, A. D. Jacques, Alfredo Morbidini, Istvan Dr Horvath, Nikolaos Paschalidis, Daniele Piazza, Ioannis A. Daglis, Alessandro Mura, C. Urdiales, Herbert Lichtenegger, Christina Plainaki, Jim M. Raines, J. Balaz, Rosanna Rispoli, K. C. Hsieh, Kanako Seki, F. Leblanc, Roberto Sordini, J. Ryno, O. L. Vaisberg, A. Varsani, M. D. Bush, Klaus Torkar, M. Ferris, G. Cremonese, Robert E. Johnson, Norbert Krupp, Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali - INAF (IAPS), Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Southwest Research Institute [San Antonio] (SwRI), Department of Climate and Space Sciences and Engineering (CLaSP), University of Michigan [Ann Arbor], University of Michigan System-University of Michigan System, Space Research Institute of Austrian Academy of Sciences (IWF), Austrian Academy of Sciences (OeAW), Swedish Institute of Space Physics [Kiruna] (IRF), Italian Space Agency, Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory [Laurel, MD] (APL), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Physics Institute [Bern], University of Bern, HELIOS - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering [Espoo], School of Electrical Engineering [Aalto Univ], Aalto University-Aalto University, Space Technology Ireland Limited, Wigner Research Centre for Physics [Budapest], Hungarian Academy of Sciences (MTA), Space Research Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IKI), Russian Academy of Sciences [Moscow] (RAS), Department of Physics [Athens], National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory (PPPL), Princeton University, Research and Scientific Support Department, ESTEC (RSSD), European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESTEC), Agence Spatiale Européenne = European Space Agency (ESA)-Agence Spatiale Européenne = European Space Agency (ESA), Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung = Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research (MPS), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste (OAT), Institut für Weltraumforschung = Space Research institute [Graz] (IWF), Osterreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften (ÖAW), Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics [Boulder] (LASP), University of Colorado [Boulder], CNR Institute for Photonics and Nanotechnologies (IFN), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova (OAPD), Istituto di Struttura della Materia (CNR-ISM), Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l'Environnement et de l'Espace (LPC2E), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica [ARGENTINA] (CNEA), Physikalisches Institut [Bern], Universität Bern [Bern] (UNIBE), Institute of Mathematical and Physical Sciences [Aberystwyth], University of Wales, University of Arizona, Department of Materials Science and Engineering [Charlottesville] (MS), University of Virginia, Laboratoire de Physique des Plasmas (LPP), Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École polytechnique (X)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI), Department of Earth and Planetary Science [Tokyo], Graduate School of Science [Tokyo], The University of Tokyo (UTokyo)-The University of Tokyo (UTokyo), EISCAT Scientific Association [Sweden], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), European Space Agency (ESA)-European Space Agency (ESA), Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung (MPS), Institut für Weltraumforschung [Graz] (IWF), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Roma] (CNR), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Universität Bern [Bern], University of Virginia [Charlottesville], The University of Tokyo (UTokyo), National Institute for Astrophysics, Southwest Research Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Uppsala University, Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, UMR7095, IRAP, Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering, Space Technology Ireland, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Space Research Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, United States Department of Energy, European Space Research and Technology Centre, Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research, Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, AMDL Srl, University of Colorado Boulder, Slovak Academy of Sciences, National Research Council of Italy, INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, Université d'Orléans, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Aberystwyth University, Université Paris-Saclay, Finnish Meteorological Institute, Tofwerk AG, The University of Tokyo, EISCAT Headquarters, Aalto-yliopisto, and Aalto University

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, chemistry.chemical_element, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Article, Astrobiology, law.invention, Particle instrumentation, Mercury’s environment, Orbiter, Interplanetary dust cloud, law, 0103 physical sciences, Calibration, BepiColombo space mission, Neutral particle, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Spacecraft, business.industry, 520 Astronomy, Astronomy and Astrophysics, 620 Engineering, Mercury (element), Solar wind, Planetary science, chemistry, Space and Planetary Science, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Physics::Space Physics, Environmental science, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, business
Abstract

The ESA-JAXA BepiColombo mission to Mercury will provide simultaneous measurements from two spacecraft, offering an unprecedented opportunity to investigate magnetospheric and exospheric particle dynamics at Mercury as well as their interactions with solar wind, solar radiation, and interplanetary dust. The particle instrument suite SERENA (Search for Exospheric Refilling and Emitted Natural Abundances) is flying in space on-board the BepiColombo Mercury Planetary Orbiter (MPO) and is the only instrument for ion and neutral particle detection aboard the MPO. It comprises four independent sensors: ELENA for neutral particle flow detection, Strofio for neutral gas detection, PICAM for planetary ions observations, and MIPA, mostly for solar wind ion measurements. SERENA is managed by a System Control Unit located inside the ELENA box. In the present paper the scientific goals of this suite are described, and then the four units are detailed, as well as their major features and calibration results. Finally, the SERENA operational activities are shown during the orbital path around Mercury, with also some reference to the activities planned during the long cruise phase.

Published
2021

48. Emotional Efficacy Beliefs at Work and Turnover Intentions: The Mediational Role of Organizational Socialization and Identification

Author

Guido Alessandri, Gianluca Cepale, Lorenzo Avanzi, Stefano Livi, Alessandra Coscarelli, Enrico Perinelli, and Laura Borgogni

Subjects
Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management, Organizational identification, 05 social sciences, Socialization, regulatory emotional self-efficacy beliefs, newcomers, turnover intentions, 050106 general psychology & cognitive sciences, military, organizational identification, organizational socialization, Work (electrical), 0502 economics and business, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Identification (psychology), Psychology, Social psychology, 050203 business & management, General Psychology, Applied Psychology
Abstract

In this study we investigated whether regulatory emotional self-efficacy beliefs (RESE) indirectly predict turnover intentions (TI) through organizational socialization (OS) and organizational identification (OI). Three waves of data (1-year lag) were collected on a representative sample of 890 military newcomers belonging to two different cohorts. We tested our hypotheses using a multigroup autoregressive cross-lagged panel model (MG-ACLP) and results fully confirmed the posited theoretical model. Regulatory emotional self-efficacy beliefs reduced intentions to quit indirectly, via organizational socialization and identification. The present study contributes to fill several literature gaps by offering a complete picture of the socialization process. Moreover, it offers insights about how to support the military newcomers’ work adjustment and retention by fostering and developing their regulatory emotional self-efficacy beliefs. Limitations as well as directions for future research are discussed.

Published
2021

49. Undergraduates' academic socialization. A cross-time analysis

Author

Maria Luisa Farnese, Paola Spagnoli, Stefano Livi, Farnese, Maria Luisa, Spagnoli, Paola, and Livi, Stefano

Subjects
Universities, academic socialization, across groups comparison, longitudinal comparison, measurement invariance, questionnaire, undergraduates, Socialization, Education, Surveys and Questionnaires, Developmental and Educational Psychology, Humans, Students
Abstract

Socialization practices support undergraduates' transitional processes when beginning their academic careers and afterwards. Anyhow, the absence of specific socialization measures for academic contexts does not allow Universities to assess it.The present study aimed to contribute to the socialization literature by proposing a reliable measure (USQ, Undergraduate Socialization Questionnaire) specific for the academic context, that is, reflecting the same construct at different developmental stages.Based on an organizational socialization scale (NSQ; Haueter al., 2003, Journal of Vocational Behavior, 63, 20), we examined in Study One the USQ's three-factor structure (task, group, organization) (n. 451 undergraduates) and, in Study Two, we tested the construct invariance across time, comparing undergraduates' developmental changes through a two-wave longitudinal design (n.185 undergraduates attending their first and their second year).Findings supported both the USQ's dimensionality and measurement invariance, thus ensuring that the same underlying construct is being assessed, and its concurrent and predictive validity.Overall, results showed that USQ is a reliable instrument useful to monitor the effectiveness of undergraduates' adjustment process, also allowing comparison between specific groups of students or longitudinal comparison to evaluate their career development or the effectiveness of policies targeted to reduce the risk of marginalization and dropout.

Published
2020

50. Flux Transfer Event Showers at Mercury: Dependence on Plasma β and Magnetic Shear and Their Contribution to the Dungey Cycle

Author

Gangkai Poh, R. M. Dewey, J. T. Zhao, James A. Slavin, Q.-G. Zong, J. P. Guo, S. M. Imber, Jim M. Raines, Yoshitaka Saito, Xianzhe Jia, D. J. Gershman, Weijie Sun, Stefano Livi, S. Y. Fu, Gina A. DiBraccio, and A. W. Smith

Subjects
Physics, chemistry.chemical_element, Plasma, Magnetic flux, Mercury (element), Magnetic field, Nuclear physics, Geophysics, Magnetosheath, Shear (geology), chemistry, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Flux transfer event, Magnetopause
Abstract

Mercury's flux transfer event (FTE) showers are dayside magnetopause crossings accompanied by large numbers (≥ 10) of magnetic flux ropes (FRs). These shower events are common, occurring during 52% (1953/3748) of the analyzed crossings. Shower events are observed with magnetic shear angles (θ) from 0° to 180° across the magnetopause and magnetosheath plasma β from 0.1 to 10, but are most prevalent for high θ and low plasma β. Individual FR duration correlates positively, while spacing correlates negatively, with θ and plasma β. FR flux content and core magnetic field intensity correlate negatively with plasma β, but they do not correlate with θ. During shower intervals, FRs carry 60% to 85% of the magnetic flux required to supply Mercury's Dungey cycle. The FTE showers and the large amount of magnetic flux carried by the FTE‐type FRs appear quite different from observations at Earth and other planetary magnetospheres visited thus far.

Published
2020

Catalog

Books, media, physical & digital resources
See catalog results