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346 results on '"Stefano Debei"'

1. Pointing Error Evaluation of the High Spatial Resolution Imaging Camera of BepiColombo Space Mission

Author

Daniele Dipasquale, Stefano Debei, Gabriele Cremonese, Fabrizio Capaccioni, and Pasquale Palumbo

Subjects
bepicolombo mission, hric, thermal analysis, mechanical analysis, General Works
Abstract

Thermo-elastic analyses of the High spatial Resolution Imaging Camera (HRIC), which is part of the spectrometers and imagers for the Mercury Planetary Orbiter BepiColombo Integrated Observatory SYStem suit (SIMBIO-SYS), are carried out to evaluate the effect of thermo-elastic deformation on the pointing error of the camera.

Published
2020
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2. Metrological Characterization of a Vision-Based System for Relative Pose Measurements with Fiducial Marker Mapping for Spacecrafts

Author

Marco Pertile, Sebastiano Chiodini, Riccardo Giubilato, Mattia Mazzucato, Andrea Valmorbida, Alberto Fornaser, Stefano Debei, and Enrico C. Lorenzini

Subjects
vision system, pose measurement, uncertainty evaluation, metrological calibration, Mechanical engineering and machinery, TJ1-1570
Abstract

An improved approach for the measurement of the relative pose between a target and a chaser spacecraft is presented. The selected method is based on a single camera, which can be mounted on the chaser, and a plurality of fiducial markers, which can be mounted on the external surface of the target. The measurement procedure comprises of a closed-form solution of the Perspective from n Points (PnP) problem, a RANdom SAmple Consensus (RANSAC) procedure, a non-linear local optimization and a global Bundle Adjustment refinement of the marker map and relative poses. A metrological characterization of the measurement system is performed using an experimental set-up that can impose rotations combined with a linear translation and can measure them. The rotation and position measurement errors are calculated with reference instrumentations and their uncertainties are evaluated by the Monte Carlo method. The experimental laboratory tests highlight the significant improvements provided by the Bundle Adjustment refinement. Moreover, a set of possible influencing physical parameters are defined and their correlations with the rotation and position errors and uncertainties are analyzed. Using both numerical quantitative correlation coefficients and qualitative graphical representations, the most significant parameters for the final measurement errors and uncertainties are determined. The obtained results give clear indications and advice for the design of future measurement systems and for the selection of the marker positioning on a satellite surface.

Published
2018
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19. Relocalization With Submaps: Multi-Session Mapping for Planetary Rovers Equipped With Stereo Cameras

Author

Mallikarjuna Vayugundla, Stefano Debei, Armin Wedler, Wolfgang Stürzl, Rudolph Triebel, Riccardo Giubilato, Martin J. Schuster, Andreasson, H., and Behnke, S.

Subjects
Scheme (programming language), 0209 industrial biotechnology, Control and Optimization, space robotics and automation, Computer science, ComputingMethodologies_IMAGEPROCESSINGANDCOMPUTERVISION, Biomedical Engineering, Point cloud, 02 engineering and technology, Session (web analytics), 020901 industrial engineering & automation, Artificial Intelligence, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Computer vision, mapping, Sensory cue, computer.programming_language, Stereo cameras, business.industry, Mechanical Engineering, Localization, Perzeption und Kognition, Pipeline (software), Computer Science Applications, Term (time), Human-Computer Interaction, Control and Systems Engineering, 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, State (computer science), Artificial intelligence, business, computer, 0913 Mechanical Engineering
Abstract

© 2016 IEEE. To enable long term exploration of extreme environments such as planetary surfaces, heterogeneous robotic teams need the ability to localize themselves on previously built maps. While the Localization and Mapping problem for single sessions can be efficiently solved with many state of the art solutions, place recognition in natural environments still poses great challenges for the perception system of a robotic agent. In this paper we propose a relocalization pipeline which exploits both 3D and visual information from stereo cameras to detect matches across local point clouds of multiple SLAM sessions. Our solution is based on a Bag of Binary Words scheme where binarized SHOT descriptors are enriched with visual cues to recall in a fast and efficient way previously visited places. The proposed relocalization scheme is validated on challenging datasets captured using a planetary rover prototype on Mount Etna, designated as a Moon analogue environment.

Published
2020

20. Viewpoint Selection for Rover Relative Pose Estimation Driven by Minimal Uncertainty Criteria

Author

Marco Barrera, Federico Salvioli, Riccardo Giubilato, Sebastiano Chiodini, Diego Bussi, Marco Pertile, Paola Franceschetti, and Stefano Debei

Subjects
Active vision, Guidance, navigation and control, business.industry, Computer science, structure from motion, Mobile robot, Simultaneous localization and mapping, Sensor fusion, Odometry, bundle adjustment (BA), Trajectory, Computer vision, Artificial intelligence, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Visual odometry, business, Instrumentation, Pose
Abstract

Pose estimation is critical for mobile robots to fulfill various tasks, such as path following or mapping the environment. This is usually accomplished by simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM). However, computationally constrained systems, such as planetary rovers, rely on less intensive guidance navigation and control (GNC) solutions generally derived solely from visual odometry (VO), wheel odometry, and the onboard inertial measurement unit. Although providing adequate localization performances, the drift accumulated overtime is not compensated by loop closing capabilities, typical of SLAM. Usually, rovers send surface images to the ground station, and these images are used for multiple purposes, such as scientific and operational planning. The number of images is constrained by the communication bandwidth and power budget. The set of transmitted images can be used as a means to correct the robot’s trajectory in an off-line manner. In this work, a solution is presented to the problem of selecting the optimal set of viewpoints belonging to the planned path from which to capture and transmit images: 1) it guarantees accurate trajectory correction and 2) complies with the maximum number of images that can be transmitted to ground control given the available data budget. To this end, it is proposed: 1) a delocalized/decentralized sensor fusion approach based on pose graph optimization and structure from motion and 2) a strategy to select a minimal set of viewpoints along the trajectory that, given a tentative geometry of the environment and the global path that the rover must follow, minimizes the uncertainty of all the robot poses. Optimal camera viewpoint positions are selected as a function of the planned trajectory, the approximate scene geometry, and the maximum transmittable number of images. The proposed method has been tested on a dataset of stereo-images collected in a representative Martian environment, the ALTEC Mars Terrain Simulator (MTS), with the ExoMars testing rover (ExoTeR—European Space Agency, Paris, France, property). Rover stereo-images ground truth was given with millimetric accuracy by a motion capture (MC) system.

Published
2021

21. Design of a Soft Growing Robot as a Practical Example of Cyber–Physical Measurement Systems

Author

Egidio De Benedetto, Giuseppe Di Gironimo, Stanislao Grazioso, Annarita Tedesco, Stefano Debei, Mario Selvaggio, Sebastiano Chiodini, Antonio Lanzotti, Grazioso, S., Tedesco, A., Selvaggio, M., Debei, S., Chiodini, S., De Benedetto, E., Di Gironimo, G., and Lanzotti, A.

Subjects
Monitoring systems, Computer science, Inspection, System of measurement, Cyber-physical system, 4.0, Control engineering, Monitoring system, Soft continuum robots, Mechanism (engineering), Soft continuum robot, Remote monitoring, Atmospheric measurements, Robot, Safe system, Soft growing robots, Versa
Abstract

Measurement and monitoring systems (MMSs) are intrinsically part of 4.0 and, in particular, of cyber-physical systems (CPSs). However, by introducing the 4.0 enabling technologies into MMSs, also the vice versa can be accomplished, and MMSs can evolve into a cyber-physical measurement system (CPMS). Starting from this consideration, in the present work, a preliminary case study of a CPMS is presented: an innovative robotic platform to be used for measurement systems in confined and constrained remote environments. The proposed system is a soft growing robot that includes a robot base, to be placed outside the remote environments, and a robot body that accesses the site through growth. A pneumatic actuation mechanism enables the controllable growth of the system (through lengthening at its tip), as well as its controllable steering. The system can be equipped with sensors to enable remote monitoring tasks, or can be used to transport sensors in remote locations. The ultimate goal is to achieve a self-adapting, fully-autonomous, reliable and safe system for monitoring applications, particularly useful for the remote inspection of unknown and/or constrained environments.

Published
2021

22. Experimental evaluation of a camera rig extrinsic calibration method based on retro-reflective markers detection

Author

Federico Salvioli, Paola Franceschetti, Marco Pertile, Stefano Debei, Marco Barrera, Riccardo Giubilato, and Sebastiano Chiodini

Subjects
Computer science, ComputingMethodologies_IMAGEPROCESSINGANDCOMPUTERVISION, 02 engineering and technology, Calibration, Camera resectioning, Image segmentation, Motion capture, Instrumentation, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Simultaneous localization and mapping, 01 natural sciences, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Computer vision, Visual odometry, Propagation of uncertainty, business.industry, Orientation (computer vision), Applied Mathematics, 020208 electrical & electronic engineering, 010401 analytical chemistry, Condensed Matter Physics, 0104 chemical sciences, Artificial intelligence, business, Reference frame
Abstract

Nowadays, Motion Capture (MC) systems are used more and more to evaluate the accuracy of Visual Odometry and visual Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) algorithms. However, the misalignment between the camera optical frame and the camera body frame, as tracked by a MC system, leads to a drift between the reconstructed trajectory and the reference one. In this work, we present a calibration method which estimates the relative orientation and position between this two reference frames. The proposed method is highly efficient because it uses a calibration target composed by a set of retro-reflective markers which are tracked by the MC system itself. Three segmentation methods and two different optimization approaches have been tested. The uncertainty propagation analysis, performed by means of a Monte Carlo simulation, shows that it is possible to calibrate the extrinsic parameters of a stereo-camera with a position accuracy of one millimeter and an orientation accuracy better than 1°.

Published
2019

23. An evaluation of ROS-compatible stereo visual SLAM methods on a nVidia Jetson TX2

Author

Stefano Debei, Marco Pertile, Sebastiano Chiodini, and Riccardo Giubilato

Subjects
Computer science, Graphics processing unit, Vision based navigation, Image processing, 02 engineering and technology, Simultaneous localization and mapping, 01 natural sciences, CUDA, Mobile robots, Visual SLAM, Instrumentation, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Computer vision, Visual odometry, Stereo cameras, business.industry, Applied Mathematics, 020208 electrical & electronic engineering, 010401 analytical chemistry, Condensed Matter Physics, Frame rate, 0104 chemical sciences, Robot, Artificial intelligence, business
Abstract

Exploration vehicles need accurate localization for performing tasks such as autonomous navigation. Images captured from stereo cameras allow to estimate both the robot’s motion and the environment structure. This task is referred to as Visual Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM). With this work we evaluate some of the most famous solutions for Visual SLAM compatible with the ROS (Robot Operating System) middleware. The main contributions of this work to current literature are twofold: first we evaluate the algorithm performances respectively to a nVidia Jetson TX2 board instead of a common workstation-grade computer. Secondly, we delegate image processing tasks to the embedded GPU showing significant performance gains in terms of robustness, resource utilization and processed frames per second.

Published
2019

24. Bilobate comet morphology and internal structure controlled by shear deformation

Author

Carsten Güttler, F. Preusker, Dennis Bodewits, Alice Lucchetti, Philippe Lamy, J.-B. Vincent, H. U. Keller, D. Nébouy, Björn Davidsson, A. T. Auger, Matteo Massironi, Stefano Debei, Cecilia Tubiana, F. La Forgia, Stubbe F. Hviid, Hans Rickman, M. De Cecco, Luca Penasa, M. A. Barucci, L. M. Lara, Nilda Oklay, C. Matonti, Nicholas Attree, J. L. Bertaux, Olivier Groussin, Sophie Viseur, Monica Lazzarin, Maurizio Pajola, Imre Toth, Francesco Marzari, Ivano Bertini, R. Rodrigo, Jakob Deller, Sylvain Bouley, Sonia Fornasier, Holger Sierks, V. Da Deppo, J. J. Lopez-Moreno, Wing-Huen Ip, Laurent Jorda, Giampiero Naletto, G. Cremonese, Frank Scholten, Marco Fulle, Xian Shi, Stefano Mottola, P. J. Gutierrez, Detlef Koschny, Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille (LAM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Faculty of Natural Sciences [Stirling], University of Stirling, DLR Institut für Planetenforschung, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt [Berlin] (DLR), Géosciences Paris Sud (GEOPS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), PLANETO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung = Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research (MPS), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Centro di Ateneo di Studi e Attività Spaziali 'Giuseppe Colombo' (CISAS), Università degli Studi di Padova = University of Padua (Unipd), Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia 'Galileo Galilei', CNR Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie [Padova] (IFN), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (IAA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), International Space Science Institute [Bern] (ISSI), Research and Scientific Support Department, ESTEC (RSSD), European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESTEC), Agence Spatiale Européenne = European Space Agency (ESA)-Agence Spatiale Européenne = European Space Agency (ESA), Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA (UMR_8109)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Physics [Auburn], Auburn University (AU), INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova (OAPD), Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), CNR Institute for Photonics and Nanotechnologies (IFN), Department of Industrial Engineering [Padova], University of Trento [Trento], INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste (OAT), Institute of Space Science [Taiwan], National Central University [Taiwan] (NCU), Institute of Astronomy [Taiwan] (IANCU), Institut für Geophysik und Extraterrestrische Physik [Braunschweig] (IGEP), Technische Universität Braunschweig = Technical University of Braunschweig [Braunschweig], Dipartimento di Geoscienze [Padova], Department of Physics and Astronomy [Uppsala], Uppsala University, Konkoly Observatory, Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth Sciences [Budapest], Hungarian Academy of Sciences (MTA)-Hungarian Academy of Sciences (MTA), national funding agency of Germany (DLR), national funding agency of France (CNES), national funding agency of Italy (ASI), national funding agency of Spain (MEC), national funding agency of Sweden (SNSB), ESA Technical Directorate, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Collège de France (CdF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES), IMPEC - LATMOS, Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung (MPS), Universita degli Studi di Padova, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Roma] (CNR), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] (CSIC), European Space Agency (ESA)-European Space Agency (ESA), California Institute of Technology (CALTECH)-NASA, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Technische Universität Braunschweig [Braunschweig], Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), and Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)

Subjects
Solar System, [SDU.ASTR]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, 3d analysis, Comet, Geophysics, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, rosetta, Shear (geology), [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], 13. Climate action, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Sublimation (phase transition), Water ice, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Earth and Planetary Sciences (all), Geology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

Bilobate comets—small icy bodies with two distinct lobes—are a common configuration among comets, but the factors shaping these bodies are largely unknown. Cometary nuclei, the solid centres of comets, erode by ice sublimation when they are sufficiently close to the Sun, but the importance of a comet’s internal structure on its erosion is unclear. Here we present three-dimensional analyses of images from the Rosetta mission to illuminate the process that shaped the Jupiter-family bilobate comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko over billions of years. We show that the comet’s surface and interior exhibit shear-fracture and fault networks, on spatial scales of tens to hundreds of metres. Fractures propagate up to 500 m below the surface through a mechanically homogeneous material. Through fracture network analysis and stress modelling, we show that shear deformation generates fracture networks that control mechanical surface erosion, particularly in the strongly marked neck trough of 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko, exposing its interior. We conclude that shear deformation shapes and structures the surface and interior of bilobate comets, particularly in the outer Solar System where water ice sublimation is negligible. The shape and internal structure of bilobate comet 67P is controlled by shear deformation inducing mechanically driven erosion along shear fracture networks, according to a 3D analysis of images from the Rosetta mission.

Published
2019

25. A Multimission Method for the Reconstruction of Gamma-ray Events on Silicon Tracker Pair Telescopes

Author

Alessio Aboudan, Andrea Bulgarelli, Valentina Fioretti, Andrea Giuliani, Marco Tavani, and Stefano Debei

Subjects
Space and Planetary Science, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Computer Science::Information Retrieval, Astronomy and Astrophysics
Abstract

γ-ray astronomy in the energy range from MeV to GeV can provide a unique detection window for γ-ray bursts and other transient sources, fundamental information on particle acceleration mechanisms, MeV-blazar population studies up to z ∼ 4.5, and a full overview of line emission from cosmic-ray interaction. Silicon-based pair tracking telescopes rely on γ-ray conversion into an electron–positron pair and its tracking using a stack of silicon strips. The method presented in this work is based on a Rauch–Tung–Striebel smoother. Its internal Kalman filter enables keeping multiple hypotheses about particle tracks and implementing statistically meaningful measurement selection among hits on different planes of the tracker. The algorithm can be easily configured to work with different tracker geometries and mass models. It can be used for the exploitation of data from past and current γ-ray missions as well as to assess the performances of new pair-tracking telescopes. The proposed method has been validated on Astrorivelatore Gamma a Immagini Leggero data and then used to investigate the performances of both e-ASTROGAM and All-Sky-ASTROGAM telescopes. The algorithm efficiency and its accuracy in estimating both the photon direction and energy were evaluated on γ-ray events simulated at different energies in the range between 30 MeV and 3 GeV. The point-spread function of each tracker was then compared with its angular resolution limit showing both the expected performances of the instrument and the margin of improvement that could be obtained by optimizing the reconstruction method.

Published
2022

26. Towards the development of a cyber-physical measurement system (CPMS): Case study of a bioinspired soft growing robot for remote measurement and monitoring applications

Author

Stanislao Grazioso, Sebastiano Chiodini, Annarita Tedesco, Stefano Debei, Mario Selvaggio, Grazioso, S., Tedesco, A., Selvaggio, M., Debei, S., and Chiodini, S.

Subjects
Monitoring systems, Computer science, Mechanical Engineering, System of measurement, Cyber-physical system, 4.0 Era, Remote sensing, Remote monitoring, Soft growing robots, Systems engineering, Robot, Monitoring system, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Instrumentation
Abstract

The most effective expression of the 4.0 Era is represented by cyber-physical systems (CPSs). Historically, measurement and monitoring systems (MMSs) have been an essential part of CPSs; however, by introducing the 4.0 enabling technologies into MMSs, a MMS can evolve into a cyber-physical measurement system (CPMS). Starting from this consideration, this work reports a preliminary case study of a CPMS, namely an innovative robotic platform to be used for measurement systems in confined and constrained remote environments. The innovative system is a soft growing robot composed of a robot base, to be placed outside the remote environments and a robot body that accesses the site through growth. A pneumatic actuation mechanism enables the controllable growth of the system through lengthening at its tip, as well as its controllable steering. The system can be endowed with sensors to enable remote measurement and monitoring tasks, or can be used to transport sensors in remote locations. A digital twin of the system is developed for simulation of a practical measurement scenario. The ultimate goal is to achieve a self-adapting, fully autonomous system for remote monitoring operations to be used reliably and safely for the inspection of unknown and/or constrained environments.

Published
2021

27. Laboratory characterization of HYPSOS, a novel 4D remote sensing instrument

Author

Francesca Brotto, Francesco Mattioli, Livio Agostini, Giampiero Naletto, Maria Teresa Capria, Michele Zusi, Stefano Debei, Massimiliano Tordi, Ennio Giovine, Fabrizio Capaccioni, Marco Pertile, Gabriele Cremonese, Carlo Bettanini, Luigi Lessio, Cristina Re, Giuseppe Salemi, Anna Chiara Tangari, Amedeo Petrella, Matteo Faccioni, and Lucia Marinangeli

Subjects
Ground support equipment, Computer science, Pushbroom, Hyperspectral imaging, Breadboard, Characterization (materials science), remote sensing, Stereo imaging, hyperspectral, Remote sensing (archaeology), spectrographs, cameras, Pushbroom, stereo imaging, hyperspectral, spectrographs, cameras, remote sensing, stereo imaging, Hypercube, Remote sensing
Abstract

The HYPerspectral Stereo Observing System (HYPSOS) is a novel remote sensing pushbroom instrument able to give simultaneously both 3D spatial and spectral information of the observed features. HYPSOS is a very compact instrument, which makes it attractive for both possible planetary observation and for its use on a nanosat, e.g. for civilian applications. This instrument collects light from two different perspectives, as a classical pushbroom stereocamera, which allows to realize the tridimensional model of the observed surface, and then to extract the spectral information from each resolved element, thus obtaining a full 4-dimensional hypercube dataset. To demonstrate the actual performance of this novel type of instrument, we are presently realizing a HYPSOS prototype, that is an instrument breadboard to be tested in a laboratory environment. For checking its performance, we setup an optical facility representative of a possible flight configuration. In this paper we provide a description of HYPSOS concept, of its optomechanical design and of the ground support equipment used to characterize the instrument. An update on the present status of the experiment is finally given.

Published
2021

28. Design of a user-friendly control system for planetary rovers with CPS feature

Author

Stefano Debei, Domenico Accardo, Riccardo Giubilato, Annarita Tedesco, Sebastiano Chiodini, and Marco Pertile

Subjects
FOS: Computer and information sciences, Situation awareness, Computer science, Real-time computing, Cyber-physical system, ROS, Simultaneous localization and mapping, Visualization, Computer Science - Robotics, Planetary exploration, Middleware, Control system, CPS, Rover, SLAM, Telerobotics, Robot, Systems design, Robotics (cs.RO)
Abstract

In this paper, we present a user-friendly planetary rover's control system for low latency surface telerobotic. Thanks to the proposed system, an operator can comfortably give commands through the control base station to a rover using commercially available off-the-shelf (COTS) joysticks or by command sequencing with interactive monitoring on the sensed map of the environment. During operations, high situational awareness is made possible thanks to 3D map visualization. The map of the environment is built on the on-board computer by processing the rover's camera images with a visual Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) algorithm. It is transmitted via Wi-Fi and displayed on the control base station screen in near real-time. The navigation stack takes as input the visual SLAM data to build a cost map to find the minimum cost path. By interacting with the virtual map, the rover exhibits properties of a Cyber Physical System (CPS) for its self-awareness capabilities. The software architecture is based on the Robot Operative System (ROS) middleware. The system design and the preliminary field test results are shown in the paper., Comment: To be presented at the 8th IEEE International Workshop on Metrology for Aerospace (MetroAeroSpace)

Published
2021

31. Simulation of Images and Digital Terrain Models for the Mission BepiColombo

Author

Nicolò Borin, Emanuele Simioni, Cristina Re, Gabriele Cremonese, and Stefano Debei

Subjects
Channel (digital image), Computer science, BepiColombo, ComputingMethodologies_IMAGEPROCESSINGANDCOMPUTERVISION, Stereo reconstruction, Terrain, 01 natural sciences, 010309 optics, Observatory, 0103 physical sciences, Image acquisition, Pharmacology (medical), Computer vision, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, ComputingMethodologies_COMPUTERGRAPHICS, SIMBIO-SYS, Spacecraft, Spectrometer, business.industry, 3D reconstruction, SPICE kernels, Synthetic images, DTM, DTM, BepiColombo, Synthetic images, SIMBIO-SYS, SPICE kernels, Mosaic, Artificial intelligence, business, Mosaic
Abstract

BepiColombo mission will provide Digital Terrain Models of the surface of Mercury by means of the stereo channel of the SIMBIO-SYS (Spectrometer and Imaging for MPO BepiColombo Integrated Observatory SYStem) imaging package onboard. The work here described presents a novel approach for the creation of higher resolution stereo products using the high-resolution channel of SIMBIO-SYS. Being the camera rigidly integrated with the spacecraft, this latter must be tilted to acquire stereo pairs necessary for the 3D reconstruction. A new method for image simulation and stereo reconstruction is presented in this work, where the input data are chosen as closely as possible to the real mission parameters. Different simulations are executed changing the illumination conditions and the stereo angles. The Digital Terrain Models obtained are evaluated and an analysis of the best acquisition conditions is performed, helping to improve the image acquisition strategy of BepiColombo mission. In addition, a strategy for the creation of a mosaic from different images acquired with the high-resolution channel of SIMBIO-SYS is explained, giving the possibility to obtain tridimensional products of extended targets.

Published
2021

32. The study of the relationship between Pit chains and grabens and their role in the formation of Rift systems and Troughs in Noctis Labyrinthus

Author

Stefano Debei, Matteo Massironi, Luca Penasa, Mayssa El Yazidi, and Riccardo Pozzobon

Subjects
Graben, Paleontology, Rift, biology, Labyrinthus, biology.organism_classification, Geology
Abstract

Pit chains commonly occur along a bounding fault, allowing to infer a genetic relationship between grabens and pits. In this work we propose a comprehensive model for the formation of pit chains , the complex sequence of rift system and troughs in Noctis Labyrinthus. Like other previous authors, we confirm that a volcano-tectonic activity is the main process controlling the generation of such interesting and intricate structures in the studied area. We analyzed the geometrical properties and the maximum displacement as a function of fault length and cumulative frequency of fault length distribution for 499 mapped faults, which reveal the host lithology of the faults and the arrangement of rocks in of the crust and the lithosphere. We finally suggest a model where a relative sequence of events responsible for the formation and development of the scalloped network of troughs in Noctis Labyrinthus (Mège et al.,2003).In this model, the magma propagates from depth to the surface by exploiting a network of interconnected fractures, and as a consequence, this magma inflation generates the formation of dike-induced grabens and pit chain on the surface. Introduction Noctis Labyrinthus is one of the enigmatic area in the surface of Mars.This area is made up by a complex inter-connected network of canyons and branched extensional faults and grabens Fig.1.These particular features of unknown origin, make Noctis Labyrinthus an interesting target to understand the possible factors that control the formation of these complex grid of troughs and infer the possible fault system evolution. We performed a detailed qualitative and quantitative study of these faults system through the study of their geometrical properties and surface morphology in order to understand their mechanical evolution and variations over different scales of length, the mechanisms of growth and the related stress field. We measured the maximum displacement as a function of faults length. The Dmax/L diagram provides slightly different results according to the fault type, since this ratio change from normal, thrust, and strike slip faults, so it provides information about the possible nature of the faults in the selected area (Seog Kim et al., 2005). The cumulative frequency plot Fig.3 was used to infer the scaling law of the fault system and faults growth, determine the lithology of the faulted rocks, the arrangement of materials in the subsurface and also the vertical confinement of faults vs. penetration of the brittle crust (Sornette.,2009; Torabi and Berg., 2011;Sornette et al., 1993; Cowie et al., 1991). Fig.1.Surface interconnection between faults and pit chains, which follow a linear trend. Faults sizes and colors are labeled on the graph. 1. Data and methods In our work, as a basemap, we used two orthoimages H3210_0000 and H3221_0000 from High Resolution Stereo Camera (HRSC) on board Mars Express, bearing a resolution of 12.5 m/pixel and for the surface topography, we utilized an individual Digital Elevation Model (DEM) from Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter (MOLA) on board Mars Global Surveyor, with resolution of ~460 m/pixel. With these data sets, we made all morphometric measurements required for characterizing the faults and the grabens systems, analyzing faults distribution using rose diagrams, measuring faults lengths and the maximum vertical displacement of faults population and carry out a DMax Vs. L diagram and a cumulative frequency plot by input data in Origin software. Afterward, we studied the relationship of those fractures in terms of the formation and evolution of Pit chains and troughs. 2. Discussion and Conclusion Noctis Labyrinhus is a framework of intricate rifts systems and branched faults, that have coalesced together to form an interconnected topography characterized by large troughs and canyons, driven by an invariant extensional stress field. Fault grow and develop at the same way but at different scales (Schultz et al., 2000; Turabi and Berg., 2011). Crustal-Scale linkage in localized faulting zone is responsible for the formation of rift segment border by a pre-existing fracture (Soliva and Schultz., 2008). So far, only a few locations on Mars, where the DMax/L relationship has been measured. In our work, the nonlinear distribution in the Fig.2 might be explained by the presence of small size fractures, with different depths, which could be one of reasons that affect the large distribution of measurements in the Displacement-Length diagram (Turabi and Berg., 2011), or alternatively, it could be linked to the brittle crust thickness that control the displacement and the length of faults as in the terrestrial analogues faults systems (Soliva and Schultz., 2008; Schultz and Fossen.,2002; Soliva et al., 2005; Comie., 1998). Fig.2. DMax /L diagram of faults studied in this work, shows a large scattering of values. The different DMax /L limits are plotted in various lines with different colors. Topographic offsets was measured along single MOLA tracks. The cumulative frequency Vs. Length of fault population values grows in exponential fit Fig.3 of size distribution, mainly reflecting the presence of layered sequence of massive basalt (R.Soliva and R.Schultz., 2008). Fig.3.The cumulative size distribution of the fault length population with Exponential and Power Law fits. On the diagram, the Exponential function fits the most with the main trend. Furthermore,We classified pit chains as a morphological features of volcanic collapse generated by pressure drop above dikes (Mège and Masson., 1996; Liu and wilson., 1998; Scott et al., 2000; Mège and Masson., 1996; Wilson and Head., 2002; Ernst et al., 2001; Mège et al.,2003).Dikes play an important role to connect the surface to the magmatic source. The magma chamber at depth continuously generate flow that will be transported later to the upper levels through the dikes (Mège et al.,2003). This procedure will produce a stress in the dike tip, followed by deflation causing the collapsing of the surface, where there is a graben already formed. This sequence of events is responsible for the generation of the pit chain.We are suggesting a model based on a coupled physical processes of an early extension, visible on the surface by a forked grid of faults and grabens and a magma plumbing. Acknowledgements This research has been supported by European Union’s Horizon 2020 under grant agreement N° 776276-PLANMAP.

Published
2020

33. Validation of the stereo observation strategy of SIMBIO-SYS using a virtual simulator

Author

Michele Zusi, Stefano Debei, Cristina Re, E. Simioni, Francesco Lazzarotto, Pasquale Palumbo, N. Borin, and G. Cremonese

Subjects
lcsh:Applied optics. Photonics, Photogrammetry, Computer science, lcsh:T, lcsh:TA1-2040, ComputingMethodologies_IMAGEPROCESSINGANDCOMPUTERVISION, lcsh:TA1501-1820, lcsh:Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), lcsh:Technology, Simulation, Rendering (computer graphics), ComputingMethodologies_COMPUTERGRAPHICS
Abstract

The Spectrometer and Imagers for MPO BepiColombo Integrated Observatory SYStem (SIMBIO-SYS) is a suite of three independentoptical heads that will provide images and spectroscopic observations of the Mercury surface. With the approaching of BepiColombo to Mercury, the definition of the observation strategies of each instrument is becoming mandatory also for testing the operation procedures in terms of feasibility and stereo performance. The use of synthetic images and a customized simulator have been considered a powerful way to accomplish this test. This simulation system allows to investigate all the possible stereo configurations (different stereo angles and different image combinations) with the opportunity to evaluate the operational feasibility thanks to the evaluation of the final stereo products. Working with a simulated dataset allows to control most of the geometrical aspects (both the projection model definition and the observation geometry) suggesting with the analysis of the stereo products the better configuration to be applied and to be considered in the definition of the observation strategy. Editorial note: The article originally published here accidentally contained copyrighted information. For this reason, both authors and editor agreed to retract the original article and replace it with a revised version. The editors confirm that the scholarly content is not affected and remains a valuable contribution to the proceedings. Should you have downloaded the original version of this article (prior to 9 October 2020), you are kindly asked to delete it and refrain from any redistribution. Thank you, the editors.

Published
2020

34. Simulation Framework for Mobile Robots in Planetary-Like Environments

Author

Marco Pertile, Andrea Masili, Sebastiano Chiodini, Riccardo Giubilato, and Stefano Debei

Subjects
Rapid prototyping, FOS: Computer and information sciences, 0209 industrial biotechnology, Ground truth, Computer science, 020208 electrical & electronic engineering, Real-time computing, Ranging, Mobile robot, 02 engineering and technology, Solid modeling, Robotics, Simultaneous localization and mapping, Navigation, Robot Operating System, Computer Science - Robotics, 020901 industrial engineering & automation, Resource (project management), Lidar, Gazebo, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Robotics (cs.RO), Simulation
Abstract

In this paper we present a simulation framework for the evaluation of the navigation and localization metrological performances of a robotic platform. The simulator, based on ROS (Robot Operating System) Gazebo, is targeted to a planetary-like research vehicle which allows to test various perception and navigation approaches for specific environment conditions. The possibility of simulating arbitrary sensor setups comprising cameras, LiDARs (Light Detection and Ranging) and IMUs makes Gazebo an excellent resource for rapid prototyping. In this work we evaluate a variety of open-source visual and LiDAR SLAM (Simultaneous Localization and Mapping) algorithms in a simulated Martian environment. Datasets are captured by driving the rover and recording sensors outputs as well as the ground truth for a precise performance evaluation., Comment: To be presented at the 7th IEEE International Workshop on Metrology for Aerospace (MetroAerospace)

Published
2020
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35. MiniVO: Minimalistic Range Enhanced Monocular System for Scale Correct Pose Estimation

Author

Riccardo Giubilato, Sebastiano Chiodini, Marco Pertile, and Stefano Debei

Subjects
Ground truth, Sensor data fusion, Monocular, business.industry, Computer science, ComputingMethodologies_IMAGEPROCESSINGANDCOMPUTERVISION, Ranging, Sensor fusion, visual odometry, Trajectory, Structure from motion, Computer vision, Artificial intelligence, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, business, Sensor data fusion, vision based navigation, robotics and automation, visual odometry, vision based navigation, Instrumentation, Pose, Monocular vision, robotics and automation
Abstract

Monocular vision systems allow compact and resource-constrained vehicles to perform online state estimation through Structure from Motion approaches. However, it is needed to integrate additional information to obtain a metric scale for the estimated trajectory. We propose a minimalistic approach based on the sensor fusion between a monocular camera and a 1D LiDAR (LIght Detection And Ranging) rangefinder. A classical visual front-end, in charge of tracking the camera pose with respect to a map of landmarks, is paired with an optimization back-end where depth measurements constrain the distance between cameras and 3D points. The fusion methodology is based on a keyframe-wise search of correspondences between visual landmarks and projections of altimeter points. The differences between triangulated landmark depths and associated altimeter measurements are minimized using the iSAM2 incremental smoother. We test our algorithm in a variety of datasets comprising an outdoor scenario with accurate D-GPS ground truth evaluating both tracking accuracy and computational effort. Results show that our algorithm provides comparable performances to scale-aware RGB-D vision systems and obtains relative trajectory errors close to 0.5%. Furthermore, we propose and validate an extrinsic calibration pipeline to refer range measurements in the camera reference system which differs from common LiDAR-camera calibration algorithms due to the 5 Degrees of Freedom (DoF) nature of the single-point rangefinder and camera system.

Published
2020

36. Evaluation of 3D CNN Semantic Mapping for Rover Navigation

Author

Stefano Debei, Luca Torresin, Marco Pertile, and Sebastiano Chiodini

Subjects
FOS: Computer and information sciences, 0209 industrial biotechnology, Computer science, Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV), Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, ComputingMethodologies_IMAGEPROCESSINGANDCOMPUTERVISION, convolutional neural network, Terrain, 02 engineering and technology, Semantics, computer.software_genre, Computer Science - Robotics, 020901 industrial engineering & automation, Voxel, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Segmentation, Computer vision, business.industry, semantic segmentation, Martian environment, Image segmentation, Identification (information), Semantic mapping, Key (cryptography), 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, Artificial intelligence, business, computer, Robotics (cs.RO)
Abstract

Terrain assessment is a key aspect for autonomous exploration rovers, surrounding environment recognition is required for multiple purposes, such as optimal trajectory planning and autonomous target identification. In this work we present a technique to generate accurate three-dimensional semantic maps for Martian environment. The algorithm uses as input a stereo image acquired by a camera mounted on a rover. Firstly, images are labeled with DeepLabv3+, which is an encoder-decoder Convolutional Neural Networl (CNN). Then, the labels obtained by the semantic segmentation are combined to stereo depth-maps in a Voxel representation. We evaluate our approach on the ESA Katwijk Beach Planetary Rover Dataset., Comment: To be presented at the 7th IEEE International Workshop on Metrology for Aerospace (MetroAerospace)

Published
2020
Full Text
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37. SIMBIO-SYS: Scientific Cameras and Spectrometer for the BepiColombo Mission

Author

Marilena Amoroso, Francesca Esposito, Giancarlo Bellucci, Y. Langevin, Marco Baroni, Océane Barraud, Francesca Altieri, Giacomo Colombatti, Michael Mendillo, M. I. Blecka, M. T. Capria, Romolo Politi, Ernesto Palomba, Pasquale Palumbo, Olivier Forni, Gianfranco Forlani, E. Flamini, Francesca Ferri, P. Borin, Lionel Wilson, Andrea Cicchetti, Vito Mennella, Carlo Bettanini, Riccardo Paolinetti, Alice Lucchetti, Davide Perna, Nicolas Thomas, Marcello Fulchignoni, V. Della Corte, Maria Sgavetti, Daniela Fantinel, M. El yazidi, A. Doressoundiram, Luigi Ferranti, Simone Marchi, John Robert Brucato, T. Van Hoolst, Cedric Leyrat, Sebastien Besse, Stéphane Erard, Elena Martellato, Y. Li, Diego Turrini, Francesco Marzari, W-H. Ip, Maurizio Pajola, Cristian Carli, Raffaella Noschese, Matteo Massironi, Sabrina Ferrari, Alessio Aboudan, Giuseppe Salemi, I. Ficai Veltroni, Lorenza Giacomini, Karri Muinonen, Emanuele Simioni, Jessica Flahaut, Priscilla Cerroni, Mathieu Vincendon, V. Da Deppo, Alessandra Slemer, L. M. Lara, M. C. De Sanctis, Raffaele Mugnuolo, M. Dami, Francesca Zambon, G. Piccioni, L. Guzzetta, Fabrizio Capaccioni, Giampiero Naletto, E. Mazzotta Epifani, G. Aroldi, Andrea Turella, Michele Zusi, Maurizio Rossi, Stefano Debei, Gabriele Cremonese, A. Barucci, Johannes Benkhoff, Gloria Tognon, Cristina Re, François Poulet, Donato Borrelli, Sonia Fornasier, Valentina Galluzzi, Gianrico Filacchione, Leonardo Tommasi, François Leblanc, Laurent Jorda, Lucia Marinangeli, Roberto Ragazzoni, V. Carlier, Alessandra Rotundi, N. Bott, Luigi Colangeli, Klaus Gwinner, Cremonese, G., Capaccioni, F., Capria, M. T., Doressoundiram, A., Palumbo, P., Vincendon, M., Massironi, M., Debei, S., Zusi, M., Altieri, F., Amoroso, M., Aroldi, G., Baroni, M., Barucci, A., Bellucci, G., Benkhoff, J., Besse, S., Bettanini, C., Blecka, M., Borrelli, D., Brucato, J. R., Carli, C., Carlier, V., Cerroni, P., Cicchetti, A., Colangeli, L., Dami, M., Da Deppo, V., Della Corte, V., De Sanctis, M. C., Erard, S., Esposito, F., Fantinel, D., Ferranti, L., Ferri, F., Ficaiveltroni, I., Filacchione, G., Flamini, E., Forlani, G., Fornasier, S., Forni, O., Fulchignoni, M., Galluzzi, V., Gwinner, K., Ip, W., Jorda, L., Langevin, Y., Lara, L., Leblanc, F., Leyrat, C., Li, Y., Marchi, S., Marinangeli, L., Marzari, F., Mazzottaepifani, E., Mendillo, M., Mennella, V., Mugnuolo, R., Muinonen, K., Naletto, G., Noschese, R., Palomba, E., Paolinetti, R., Perna, D., Piccioni, G., Politi, R., Poulet, F., Ragazzoni, R., Re, C., Rossi, M., Rotundi, A., Salemi, G., Sgavetti, M., Simioni, E., Thomas, N., Tommasi, L., Turella, A., Van Hoolst, T., Wilson, L., Zambon, F., Aboudan, A., Barraud, O., Bott, N., Borin, P., Colombatti, G., Elyazidi, M., Ferrari, S., Flahaut, J., Giacomini, L., Guzzetta, L., Lucchetti, A., Martellato, E., Pajola, M., Slemer, A., Tognon, G., Turrini, D., INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova (OAPD), Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali - INAF (IAPS), Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique = Laboratory of Space Studies and Instrumentation in Astrophysics (LESIA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Dipartimento di Fisica 'Ettore Pancini', University of Naples Federico II = Università degli studi di Napoli Federico II, Institut d'astrophysique spatiale (IAS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Dipartimento di Geoscienze [Padova], Università degli Studi di Padova = University of Padua (Unipd), Centro di Ateneo di Studi e Attività Spaziali 'Giuseppe Colombo' (CISAS), Agenzia Spaziale Italiana (ASI), Leonardo SpA, European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESTEC), Agence Spatiale Européenne = European Space Agency (ESA), European Space Astronomy Centre (ESAC), Space Research Centre of Polish Academy of Sciences (CBK), Polska Akademia Nauk = Polish Academy of Sciences (PAN), INAF - Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri (OAA), Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), CNR Institute for Photonics and Nanotechnologies (IFN), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Capodimonte (OAC), Università degli studi 'G. d'Annunzio' Chieti-Pescara [Chieti-Pescara] (Ud'A), Department og Engineering and Architecture [Parma] (DIA), Università degli studi di Parma = University of Parma (UNIPR), Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), DLR Institute of Planetary Research, German Aerospace Center (DLR), DLR Institut für Planetenforschung, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt [Berlin] (DLR), Institute of Space Science [Taiwan], National Central University [Taiwan] (NCU), Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille (LAM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (IAA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), HELIOS - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Suzhou Vocational University, Southwest Research Institute [Boulder] (SwRI), International Research School of Planetary Sciences [Pescara] (IRSPS), Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia 'Galileo Galilei', INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma (OAR), Center for Space Physics [Boston] (CSP), Boston University [Boston] (BU), Department of Physics [Helsinki], Falculty of Science [Helsinki], Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki-Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki, Finnish Geospatial Research Institute (FGI), Università degli Studi di Napoli 'Parthenope' = University of Naples (PARTHENOPE), Department of Cultural Heritage [Padova], Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra [Parma], Physikalisches Institut [Bern], Universität Bern [Bern] (UNIBE), Royal Observatory of Belgium [Brussels] (ROB), Environmental Sciences [Lancaster], Lancaster University, Centre de Recherches Pétrographiques et Géochimiques (CRPG), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CNR Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie [Padova] (IFN), Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA (UMR_8109)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Università degli studi di Napoli Federico II, Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universita degli Studi di Padova, European Space Agency (ESA), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Roma] (CNR), University of Parma = Università degli studi di Parma [Parme, Italie], Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), University of Helsinki-University of Helsinki, Universita degli studi di Napoli 'Parthenope' [Napoli], Universität Bern [Bern], and Agenzia Spaziale Italiana

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Computer science, BepiColombo, MPO, Astronomy & Astrophysics, INFRARED REFLECTANCE SPECTRA, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Spectrometer, MECHANISMS, law.invention, Orbiter, EXPLOSIVE VOLCANISM, law, 0103 physical sciences, instrument, Spectral resolution, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Image resolution, BASIN, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Remote sensing, SIMBIO-SYS, ONBOARD, Science & Technology, SPECTROSCOPY, GRAVITY-FIELD, 520 Astronomy, Hyperspectral imaging, MERCURYS SURFACE, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Spectral bands, Mercury, 620 Engineering, HOLLOWS, Imageur, Stereo imaging, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Physical Sciences, MESSENGER, Stereo camera
Abstract

Full list of authors: Cremonese, G.; Capaccioni, F.; Capria, M. T.; Doressoundiram, A.; Palumbo, P.; Vincendon, M.; Massironi, M.; Debei, S.; Zusi, M.; Altieri, F.; Amoroso, M.; Aroldi, G.; Baroni, M.; Barucci, A.; Bellucci, G.; Benkhoff, J.; Besse, S.; Bettanini, C.; Blecka, M.; Borrelli, D.; Brucato, J. R.; Carli, C.; Carlier, V.; Cerroni, P.; Cicchetti, A.; Colangeli, L.; Dami, M.; Da Deppo, V.; Della Corte, V.; De Sanctis, M. C.; Erard, S.; Esposito, F.; Fantinel, D.; Ferranti, L.; Ferri, F.; Ficai Veltroni, I.; Filacchione, G.; Flamini, E.; Forlani, G.; Fornasier, S.; Forni, O.; Fulchignoni, M.; Galluzzi, V.; Gwinner, K.; Ip, W.; Jorda, L.; Langevin, Y.; Lara, L.; Leblanc, F.; Leyrat, C.; Li, Y.; Marchi, S.; Marinangeli, L.; Marzari, F.; Mazzotta Epifani, E.; Mendillo, M.; Mennella, V.; Mugnuolo, R.; Muinonen, K.; Naletto, G.; Noschese, R.; Palomba, E.; Paolinetti, R.; Perna, D.; Piccioni, G.; Politi, R.; Poulet, F.; Ragazzoni, R.; Re, C.; Rossi, M.; Rotundi, A.; Salemi, G.; Sgavetti, M.; Simioni, E.; Thomas, N.; Tommasi, L.; Turella, A.; Van Hoolst, T.; Wilson, L.; Zambon, F.; Aboudan, A.; Barraud, O.; Bott, N.; Borin, P.; Colombatti, G.; El Yazidi, M.; Ferrari, S.; Flahaut, J.; Giacomini, L.; Guzzetta, L.; Lucchetti, A.; Martellato, E.; Pajola, M.; Slemer, A.; Tognon, G.; Turrini, D. -- This is an open access article, The SIMBIO-SYS (Spectrometer and Imaging for MPO BepiColombo Integrated Observatory SYStem) is a complex instrument suite part of the scientific payload of the Mercury Planetary Orbiter for the BepiColombo mission, the last of the cornerstone missions of the European Space Agency (ESA) Horizon + science program. The SIMBIO-SYS instrument will provide all the science imaging capability of the BepiColombo MPO spacecraft. It consists of three channels: the STereo imaging Channel (STC), with a broad spectral band in the 400-950 nm range and medium spatial resolution (at best 58 m/px), that will provide Digital Terrain Model of the entire surface of the planet with an accuracy better than 80 m; the High Resolution Imaging Channel (HRIC), with broad spectral bands in the 400-900 nm range and high spatial resolution (at best 6 m/px), that will provide high-resolution images of about 20% of the surface, and the Visible and near-Infrared Hyperspectral Imaging channel (VIHI), with high spectral resolution (6 nm at finest) in the 400-2000 nm range and spatial resolution reaching 120 m/px, it will provide global coverage at 480 m/px with the spectral information, assuming the first orbit around Mercury with periherm at 480 km from the surface. SIMBIO-SYS will provide high-resolution images, the Digital Terrain Model of the entire surface, and the surface composition using a wide spectral range, as for instance detecting sulphides or material derived by sulphur and carbon oxidation, at resolutions and coverage higher than the MESSENGER mission with a full co-alignment of the three channels. All the data that will be acquired will allow to cover a wide range of scientific objectives, from the surface processes and cartography up to the internal structure, contributing to the libration experiment, and the surface-exosphere interaction. The global 3D and spectral mapping will allow to study the morphology and the composition of any surface feature. In this work, we describe the on-ground calibrations and the results obtained, providing an important overview of the instrument performances. The calibrations have been performed at channel and at system levels, utilizing specific setup in most of the cases realized for SIMBIO-SYS. In the case of the stereo camera (STC), it has been necessary to have a validation of the new stereo concept adopted, based on the push-frame. This work describes also the results of the Near-Earth Commissioning Phase performed few weeks after the Launch (20 October 2018). According to the calibration results and the first commissioning the three channels are working very well. © 2020, The Author(s)., We gratefully acknowledge funding from the Italian Space Agency (ASI) under ASI-INAF agreement 2017-47-H.0. The SIMBIO-SYS instrument has been developed by Leonardo under ASI contract I/054/10/0.

Published
2020

38. MarsTEM sensor simulations in Martian dust environment

Author

Giacomo Colombatti, Alessio Aboudan, C. Bettanini, J. J. Iversen, Cesare Molfese, John Merrison, Anselmo Cecere, Francesca Esposito, Stefano Debei, ITA, DNK, Colombatti, Giacomo, Bettanini, Carlo, Aboudan, Alessio, Debei, Stefano, Esposito, Francesca, Molfese, Cesare, Cecere, Anselmo, Merrison, John, and Iversen, Jens Jacob

Subjects
Meridiani Planum, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Meteorology, Full scale, 01 natural sciences, Exomars2016, Martian surface, 0103 physical sciences, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, DREAMS, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Instrumentation, MarsTEM, Wind tunnel chamber, DREAMS, Exomars2016, MarsTEM, Wind tunnel chamber, Instrumentation, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Wind tunnel, Martian, Applied Mathematics, Mars Exploration Program, Wind direction, Condensed Matter Physics, 13. Climate action, Mockup, Environmental science
Abstract

A wind tunnel test campaign has been conducted prior to the landing of the Exomars2016 EDM module on the Meridiani Planum on the 19th of October 2016. Test were performed in the Mars wind tunnel facility at Aahrus University (DK) under the 2015 Europlanet Call. The facility was available for a 5 days campaign where different environmental configurations were tested and both a full scale DREAMS (Dust Characterisation, Risk Assessment, and Environment Analyser on the Martian Surface) Metmast model and a Descent Module mockup were studied. In particular the MarsTEM (Mars TEMperature sensor), the temperature sensor of the DREAMS package onboard Exomars2016, was studied for different wind velocities and directions, effect of light sources and presence of dust. The test showed that the sensor response is dependent on wind direction but only slightly on wind velocities. It also seems that the presence of the dust in the wind and the consequent dust deposit on the Metmast and the sensor itself uniforms the response for different wind velocities and directions. Light is also affecting the measurements but it is still not so clear what will be the effect on Mars due to the particular light sources used for the test.

Published
2018

39. Spectrophotometric variegation of the layering in comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko as seen by OSIRIS

Author

Cesare Barbieri, W-H. Ip, Pedro J. Gutiérrez, Jakob Deller, Björn Davidsson, D. Bodewits, Gloria Tognon, R. Rodrigo, F. La Forgia, V. Petropoulou, Philippe Lamy, Prasanna Deshapriya, H. U. Keller, Cecilia Tubiana, M. A. Barucci, Holger Sierks, V. Da Deppo, Carsten Güttler, Matteo Massironi, Marco Fulle, Imre Toth, Michel Franceschi, Sabrina Ferrari, Giampiero Naletto, Alice Lucchetti, Detlef Koschny, M. De Cecco, E. Frattin, Sonia Fornasier, J. J. Lopez-Moreno, Monica Lazzarin, Maurizio Pajola, Ivano Bertini, Luca Penasa, Luisa Lara, Francesca Ferri, Francesco Marzari, Pamela Cambianica, Jean-Loup Bertaux, Gabriele Cremonese, Stefano Debei, Xian Shi, Stefano Mottola, Centro di Ateneo di Studi e Attività Spaziali 'Giuseppe Colombo' (CISAS), Universita degli Studi di Padova, Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia 'Galileo Galilei', Dipartimento di Geoscienze [Padova], CNR Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie [Padova] (IFN), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Roma] (CNR), INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova (OAPD), Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung (MPS), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), California Institute of Technology (CALTECH)-NASA, Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA (UMR_8109)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), DLR Institut für Planetenforschung, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt [Berlin] (DLR), Konkoly Observatory, Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth Sciences [Budapest], Hungarian Academy of Sciences (MTA)-Hungarian Academy of Sciences (MTA), Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille (LAM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), PLANETO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), International Space Science Institute [Bern] (ISSI), Centro de Astrobiologia [Madrid] (CAB), Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial (INTA)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESTEC), European Space Agency (ESA), Department of Physics [Auburn], Auburn University (AU), CNR Institute for Photonics and Nanotechnologies (IFN), Department of Industrial Engineering [Padova], University of Trento [Trento], INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste (OAT), Space Science Institute [Macau] (SSI), Macau University of Science and Technology (MUST), Institute of Astronomy [Taiwan] (IANCU), National Central University [Taiwan] (NCU), Institut für Geophysik und Extraterrestrische Physik [Braunschweig] (IGEP), Technische Universität Braunschweig = Technical University of Braunschweig [Braunschweig], Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (IAA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Università degli Studi di Padova = University of Padua (Unipd), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung = Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research (MPS), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Agence Spatiale Européenne = European Space Agency (ESA), German Centre for Air and Space Travel, Centre National D'Etudes Spatiales (France), Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), European Space Agency, Swedish National Space Agency, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES), IMPEC - LATMOS, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] (CSIC)-Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial (INTA), Technische Universität Braunschweig [Braunschweig], Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] (CSIC), Tognon, Gloria, Ferrari, S., Penasa, L., La Forgia, F., Massironi, M., Naletto, G., Lazzarin, M., Cambianica, P., Lucchetti, A., Pajola, M., Ferri, F., Güttler, C., Davidsson, B., Deshapriya, P., Fornasier, S., Mottola, S., Tóth, I., Sierks, H., Lamy, P. L., Rodrigo, R., Koschny, D., Barbieri, C., Barucci, M. A., Bertaux, J. -L., Bertini, I., Bodewits, D., Cremonese, G., Da Deppo, V., Debei, S., De Cecco, M., Deller, J., Franceschi, M., Frattin, E., Fulle, M., Gutiérrez, P. J., Ip, W. -H., Keller, H. U., Lara, L. M., López-Moreno, J. J., Marzari, F., Petropoulou, V., Shi, X., and Tubiana, C.

Subjects
Brightness, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Outcrop, Multispectral image, Narrow angle, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, WATER ICE, NUCLEUS, individual: 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko [Comets], Methods: data analysis, 0103 physical sciences, data analysis [methods], medicine, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Comets: individual: 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko, Physics, Multispectral data, biology, general [Comets], Astronomy and Astrophysics, biology.organism_classification, Lobe, Comets: general, medicine.anatomical_structure, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], comets: general – comets: individual: 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko – methods: data analysis, Osiris, Layering, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]
Abstract

Between August 2014 and September 2016, the ESA space mission Rosetta escorted comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko (67P) during its perihelion passage. The onboard OSIRIS Narrow Angle Camera (NAC) acquired high-resolution multispectral images of the cometary surface. These datasets allowed a characterization of the spectrophotometric variegation of the layering of the large lobe, correlated with the layer structural elevation. Aims. We perform a spectrophotometric characterization of the outcropping stratification of the small lobe of 67P as a function of its structural elevation, and consequently, a spectrophotometric comparison of the layered outcrops of the two lobes. Methods. We selected two sequences of post-perihelion OSIRIS NAC images (similar to 2.4 au outbound to the Sun), from which we built up two multispectral images, framing an extended geological section of the onion-like stratification of the small lobe. Then we classified the consolidated areas of the outcropping and the relative coarse deposits that were identified in the multispectral data with a two-class maximum likelihood method. For this, we defined the classes as a function of the structural elevation of the surface. Results. As a result, we identified a brightness variegation of the surface reflectance that is correlated with the structural elevation. The outer class, which is located at higher elevations, appears darker than the inner class. This fits previously obtained results for the large lobe. The reflectance values of the nucleus of 67P tend to decrease with increasing structural elevation. Conclusions. The observed spectrophotometric variegation can be due to a different texture as well as to a different content of volatiles and refractories. We suggest that the outer outcrops appear darker because they have been exposed longer, and the inner outcrops appear brighter because the surface has been more effectively rejuvenated. We interpret this variegation as the result of an evolutionary process.© ESO 2019, We are grateful to Andrea Longobardo for suggestions and corrections that improved our paper. OSIRIS was built by a consortium of the Max-Planck-Institut fur Sonnensystemforschung, Gottingen, Germany, CISAS - University of Padova, Italy, the Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille, France, the Instituto de Astrofisica de Andalucia, CSIC, Granada, Spain, the Research and Scientific Support Department of the European Space Agency, Noordwijk, The Netherlands, the Instituto Nacional de Tecnica Aeroespacial, Madrid, Spain, the Universidad Politechnica de Madrid, Spain, the Department of Physics and Astronomy of Uppsala University, Sweden, and the Institut fur Datentechnik und Kommunikationsnetze der Technischen Universitat Braunschweig, Germany. The support of the national funding agencies of Germany (DLR), France (CNES), Italy (ASI), Spain (MEC), Sweden (SNSB), and the ESA Technical Directorate is gratefully acknowledged.

Published
2019

40. Optical performance evaluation of the high spatial resolution imaging camera of BepiColombo space mission

Author

Stefano Debei, Fabrizio Capaccioni, Gabriele Cremonese, Pasquale Palumbo, and Daniele Dipasquale

Subjects
BepiColombo mission, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Computer science, HRIC, Mechanical analysis, Optical performance, Thermo-elastic analysis, Space (mathematics), 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Orbiter, Observatory, law, 0103 physical sciences, High spatial resolution, Pointing error, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Remote sensing, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Physics::Space Physics, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Space environment
Abstract

Thermo-elastic analyses of the High spatial Resolution Imaging Camera (HRIC), which is mounted on Mercury Planetary Orbiter BepiColombo Integrated Observatory SYStem suit (SIMBIO-SYS) of BepiColombo space mission, are carried out in order to evaluate the effect of thermo-elastic deformations on the optical performance experienced by the camera at the worst thermal scenario of Mercury space environment. In particular, the optical performance is evaluated in terms of the pointing error of the camera and the potential presence of optical aberrations.

Published
2021

41. Long-term monitoring of comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko’s jets with OSIRIS onboard Rosetta

Author

Holger Sierks, Ekkehard Kührt, Philippe Lamy, L. M. Lara, Marco Fulle, M. De Cecco, Monica Lazzarin, H. U. Keller, A. Gicquel, M. I. Schmitt, Dennis Bodewits, Xian Shi, Jessica Agarwal, J. J. López-Moreno, Imre Toth, M. F. A'Hearn, Stefano Mottola, Olivier Groussin, Sonia Fornasier, R. Rodrigo, J. L. Bertaux, Frank Scholten, Cesare Barbieri, D. Prasanna, Jörg Knollenberg, Stefano Debei, Jakob Deller, Wing-Huen Ip, Stubbe F. Hviid, Carsten Güttler, Björn Davidsson, Cecilia Tubiana, Laurent Jorda, Nilda Oklay, Ivano Bertini, Michael Küppers, Detlef Koschny, Nicolas Thomas, G. Cremonese, Francesco Marzari, J.-B. Vincent, V. Da Deppo, Mohamed Ramy El-Maarry, Marc Hofmann, Maurizio Pajola, Hans Rickman, J.-R. Kramm, P. J. Gutierrez, M. A. Barucci, Giampiero Naletto, Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung = Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research (MPS), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, DLR Institut für Planetenforschung, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt [Berlin] (DLR), Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics [Boulder] (LASP), University of Colorado [Boulder], Department of Astronomy [College Park], University of Maryland [College Park], University of Maryland System-University of Maryland System, Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia 'Galileo Galilei', Università degli Studi di Padova = University of Padua (Unipd), Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille (LAM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centro de Astrobiologia [Madrid] (CAB), Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial (INTA)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), International Space Science Institute [Bern] (ISSI), European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESTEC), Agence Spatiale Européenne = European Space Agency (ESA), Department of Physics and Astronomy [Uppsala], Uppsala University, Space Research Centre of Polish Academy of Sciences (CBK), Polska Akademia Nauk = Polish Academy of Sciences (PAN), PLANETO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centro di Ateneo di Studi e Attività Spaziali 'Giuseppe Colombo' (CISAS), INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova (OAPD), Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), CNR Institute for Photonics and Nanotechnologies (IFN), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Department of Industrial Engineering [Padova], University of Trento [Trento], INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste (OAT), Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (IAA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Space Science Institute [Macau] (SSI), Macau University of Science and Technology (MUST), Institute of Space Science [Taiwan], National Central University [Taiwan] (NCU), Institut für Geophysik und Extraterrestrische Physik [Braunschweig] (IGEP), Technische Universität Braunschweig = Technical University of Braunschweig [Braunschweig], Operations Department (ESAC), European Space Astronomy Centre (ESAC), Agence Spatiale Européenne = European Space Agency (ESA)-Agence Spatiale Européenne = European Space Agency (ESA), Department of Information Engineering [Padova] (DEI), NASA Ames Research Center (ARC), Konkoly Observatory, Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth Sciences [Budapest], Hungarian Academy of Sciences (MTA)-Hungarian Academy of Sciences (MTA), Center for Space and Habitability (CSH), University of Bern, Physikalisches Institut [Bern], Universität Bern [Bern] (UNIBE), Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung (MPS), Universita degli Studi di Padova, European Space Agency (ESA), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Roma] (CNR), California Institute of Technology (CALTECH)-NASA, European Space Agency (ESA)-European Space Agency (ESA), Universität Bern [Bern], Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC)-Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial (INTA), ITA, USA, GBR, FRA, and DEU

Subjects
67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Epoch (astronomy), Comet, [SDU.ASTR.EP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP], Equinox, 01 natural sciences, Latitude, 0103 physical sciences, comets, Comets: individual: 67P/Churyumov, Gerasimenko, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Southern Hemisphere, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Physics, Jet (fluid), biology, [SDU.ASTR.SR]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Solar and Stellar Astrophysics [astro-ph.SR], 520 Astronomy, Northern Hemisphere, Astronomy, Astronomy and Astrophysics, 620 Engineering, biology.organism_classification, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Osiris, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]
Abstract

International audience; We used the OSIRIS camera system onboard the Rosetta spacecraft to monitor jet activity of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko. With a monthly cadence, we covered an epoch from December 2014 to October 2015, thereby including the first equinox and the perihelion passage. Jet features were measured in individual images, which were used to perform a statistical inversion. The study provides maps for the locations of likeliest sources of jet activity on the comet’s surface as a function of time. The sources follow the sub-solar latitude, show clustering and a broadening of the activity band with time in the Northern hemisphere. On the Southern hemisphere they are not clustered but show a broader spread over all longitudes which is either related to the north-south dichotomy of the comet’s topography or due to a higher insolation during southern summer.

Published
2017

42. Evidence of sub-surface energy storage in comet 67P from the outburst of 2016 July 03

Author

M. A. Barucci, Eberhard Grün, Giampiero Naletto, Ivano Bertini, M. De Cecco, Pedro Hasselmann, S. Mottola, Wing-Huen Ip, Laurent Jorda, Bernhard Geiger, Xian Shi, Maurizio Pajola, Jouni Rynö, Gabriele Cremonese, Oliver Stenzel, J. J. Lopez Moreno, J. L. Bertaux, J. Kissel, S. Höfner, M. F. A'Hearn, Olivier Groussin, Martin Hilchenbach, B. Zaprudin, Steve Boudreault, V. Da Deppo, Alessandra Rotundi, Ludmilla Kolokolova, Dennis Bodewits, Philippe Lamy, Jessica Agarwal, Marc Hofmann, Paul D. Feldman, Horst Uwe Keller, Stefano Debei, Sihane Merouane, J. Wm. Parker, Monica Lazzarin, Stubbe F. Hviid, Michael Küppers, Stavro Ivanovski, Cesare Barbieri, Jean-Baptiste Vincent, Francesco Marzari, Detlef Koschny, Yves Langevin, Sonia Fornasier, N. Oklay, L. M. Lara, Jakob Deller, Zhong-Yi Lin, A. Koch, Andrew J. Steffl, R. Rodrigo, Björn Davidsson, J.-R. Kramm, Carsten Güttler, E. Kührt, Cecilia Tubiana, Klaus Hornung, P. J. Gutierrez, Stephen C. Lowry, Jörg Knollenberg, Holger Sierks, Henning Fischer, Marco Fulle, V. Della Corte, A. Gicquel, Harold A. Weaver, Nicolas Thomas, Lori M. Feaga, Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung = Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research (MPS), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie [Napoli] (DIST), Università degli Studi di Napoli 'Parthenope' = University of Naples (PARTHENOPE), Department of Physics and Astronomy [Baltimore], Johns Hopkins University (JHU), European Space Astronomy Centre (ESAC), Agence Spatiale Européenne = European Space Agency (ESA), Centro di Ateneo di Studi e Attività Spaziali 'Giuseppe Colombo' (CISAS), Università degli Studi di Padova = University of Padua (Unipd), Department of Astronomy [College Park], University of Maryland [College Park], University of Maryland System-University of Maryland System, Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik (MPIK), Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics [Boulder] (LASP), University of Colorado [Boulder], Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica cosmica - Roma (IASF-Roma), Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), NASA Ames Research Center (ARC), Department of Space Studies [Boulder], Southwest Research Institute [Boulder] (SwRI), Physikalisches Institut [Bern], Universität Bern [Bern] (UNIBE), Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia 'Galileo Galilei', PLANETO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova (OAPD), CNR Institute for Photonics and Nanotechnologies (IFN), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Department of Industrial Engineering [Padova], INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste (OAT), Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille (LAM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (IAA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Universität der Bundeswehr München [Neubiberg], DLR Institut für Planetenforschung, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt [Berlin] (DLR), Institute of Astronomy [Taiwan] (IANCU), National Central University [Taiwan] (NCU), Institut für Geophysik und Extraterrestrische Physik [Braunschweig] (IGEP), Technische Universität Braunschweig = Technical University of Braunschweig [Braunschweig], von Hoerner und Sulger GmbH, European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESTEC), Research and Scientific Support Department, ESTEC (RSSD), Agence Spatiale Européenne = European Space Agency (ESA)-Agence Spatiale Européenne = European Space Agency (ESA), Institut d'astrophysique spatiale (IAS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Centre for Astrophysics and Planetary Science [Canterbury] (CAPS), University of Kent [Canterbury], CNR Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie [Padova] (IFN), Centro de Astrobiologia [Madrid] (CAB), Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial (INTA)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), International Space Science Institute [Bern] (ISSI), Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI), Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory [Laurel, MD] (APL), Tuorla Observatory, University of Turku, Lowry, S.C., ITA, FRA, DEU, ESP, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (France), German Centre for Air and Space Travel, Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, Swedish National Space Board, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), European Space Agency, Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung (MPS), Universita degli studi di Napoli 'Parthenope' [Napoli], European Space Agency (ESA), Universita degli Studi di Padova, Universität Bern [Bern], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Roma] (CNR), California Institute of Technology (CALTECH)-NASA, European Space Agency (ESA)-European Space Agency (ESA), and Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Asteroiden und Kometen, Solid state: refractory, Acceleration of particles, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Astrobiology, Scattering, individual: 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko [Comets], law, Rosetta, 0103 physical sciences, Surface change, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Sunrise, OSIRIS, Solid state: volatile, Crystallization, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Comets: individual: 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Physics, ta115, 520 Astronomy, volatile [Solid state], general [Comets], Astronomy and Astrophysics, Solar illumination, 620 Engineering, Surface energy, Amorphous solid, Comets: general, On board, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, acceleration of particles, scattering, solid state: refractory, solid state: volatile, comets: general, comets: individual: 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko, Physics::Space Physics, Sublimation (phase transition), QB651, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], refractory [Solid state]
Abstract

On 2016 July 03, several instruments onboard ESA's Rosetta spacecraft detected signs of an outburst event on comet 67P, at a heliocentric distance of 3.32 au from the Sun, outbound from perihelion. We here report on the inferred properties of the ejected dust and the surface change at the site of the outburst. The activity coincided with the local sunrise and continued over a time interval of 14-68 min. It left a 10-m-sized icy patch on the surface. The ejected material comprised refractory grains of several hundred microns in size, and sub-micron-sized water ice grains. The high dust mass production rate is incompatible with the free sublimation of crystalline water ice under solar illumination as the only acceleration process. Additional energy stored near the surface must have increased the gas density. We suggest a pressurized sub-surface gas reservoir, or the crystallization of amorphous water ice as possible causes.© 2015 The Authors., The support of the national funding agencies of Germany (DLR, grant 50 QP 1302), France (CNES), Austria, Finland and the ESA Technical Directorate is gratefully acknowledged.

Published
2017

43. Long-term survival of surface water ice on comet 67P

Author

Alice Lucchetti, M. De Cecco, R. Rodrigo, Michael Küppers, Laurent Jorda, Ivano Bertini, Nilda Oklay, W-H. Ip, Detlef Koschny, Marc Hofmann, J. L. Bertaux, Frank Scholten, Nicolas Thomas, J.-R. Kramm, V. Da Deppo, Clement Feller, P. J. Gutierrez, Dennis Bodewits, Sonia Fornasier, Carsten Güttler, I. Hall, Maurizio Pajola, Nafiseh Masoumzadeh, Francesco Marzari, Marco Fulle, A. Gicquel, M. A. Barucci, Jörg Knollenberg, Holger Sierks, Cesare Barbieri, Monica Lazzarin, Jakob Deller, Zhong-Yi Lin, David Kappel, Olivier Groussin, J. J. Lopez Moreno, Jean-Baptiste Vincent, Horst Uwe Keller, Michael F. A'Hearn, Luisa Lara, Giampiero Naletto, Pedro Hasselmann, Björn Davidsson, Cecilia Tubiana, Philippe Lamy, Antoine Pommerol, Stubbe F. Hviid, Hans Rickman, Frank Preusker, Xian Shi, Stefano Mottola, Gábor L. Kovács, Gabriele Cremonese, Ekkehard Kührt, J. D. P. Deshapriya, Stefano Debei, DLR Institut für Planetenforschung, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt [Berlin] (DLR), NASA Ames Research Center (ARC), Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut für Geophysik und Extraterrestrische Physik [Braunschweig] (IGEP), Technische Universität Braunschweig = Technical University of Braunschweig [Braunschweig], Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung = Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research (MPS), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia 'Galileo Galilei', Università degli Studi di Padova = University of Padua (Unipd), Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille (LAM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centro de Astrobiologia [Madrid] (CAB), Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial (INTA)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), International Space Science Institute [Bern] (ISSI), European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESTEC), Agence Spatiale Européenne = European Space Agency (ESA), Department of Physics and Astronomy [Uppsala], Uppsala University, Space Research Centre of Polish Academy of Sciences (CBK), Polska Akademia Nauk = Polish Academy of Sciences (PAN), Department of Astronomy [College Park], University of Maryland [College Park], University of Maryland System-University of Maryland System, PLANETO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centro di Ateneo di Studi e Attività Spaziali 'Giuseppe Colombo' (CISAS), INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova (OAPD), Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), CNR Institute for Photonics and Nanotechnologies (IFN), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Department of Industrial Engineering [Padova], University of Trento [Trento], INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste (OAT), Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (IAA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Institute of Space Science [Taiwan], National Central University [Taiwan] (NCU), Operations Department (ESAC), European Space Astronomy Centre (ESAC), Agence Spatiale Européenne = European Space Agency (ESA)-Agence Spatiale Européenne = European Space Agency (ESA), Department of Information Engineering [Padova] (DEI), Physikalisches Institut [Bern], Universität Bern [Bern] (UNIBE), Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung (MPS), Universita degli Studi di Padova, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC)-Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial (INTA), European Space Agency (ESA), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Roma] (CNR), European Space Agency (ESA)-European Space Agency (ESA), Universität Bern [Bern], and California Institute of Technology (CALTECH)-NASA

Subjects
Asteroiden und Kometen, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Infrared, Comet, [SDU.ASTR.EP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP], Techniques: image processing, Narrow angle, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Methods: data analysis, 0103 physical sciences, Long term survival, Techniques: imaging spectroscopy, Variation (astronomy), 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Comets: individual: 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko, Physics, [SDU.ASTR.SR]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Solar and Stellar Astrophysics [astro-ph.SR], 520 Astronomy, Leitungsbereich PF, Planetengeodäsie, Astronomy and Astrophysics, 620 Engineering, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Water ice, Surface water
Abstract

Numerous water-ice-rich deposits surviving more than several months on comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko were observed during the Rosetta mission. We announce the first-time detection of water-ice features surviving up to 2 yr since their first observation via OSIRIS (Optical, Spectroscopic, and Infrared Remote Imaging System) NAC (narrow angle camera). Their existence on the nucleus of comet 67P at the arrival of the Rosetta spacecraft suggests that they were exposed to the surface during the comet's previous orbit. We investigated the temporal variation of large water-ice patches to understand the long-term sustainability of water ice on cometary nuclei on time-scales of months and years. Large clusters are stable over typical periods of 0.5 yr and reduce their size significantly around the comet's perihelion passage, while small exposures disappear. We characterized the temporal variation of their multispectral signatures. In large clusters, dust jets were detected, whereas in large isolated ones no associated activity was detected. Our thermal analysis shows that the long-term sustainability of water-ice-rich features can be explained by the scarce energy input available at their locations over the first half year. However, the situation reverses for the period lasting several months around perihelion passage. Our two end-member mixing analysis estimates a pure water-ice equivalent thickness up to 15 cm within one isolated patch, and up to 2 m for the one still observable through the end of the mission. Our spectral modelling estimates up to 48 per cent water-ice content for one of the large isolated feature, and up to 25 per cent water ice on the large boulders located within clusters.

Published
2017

44. Modelling of the outburst on 2015 July 29 observed with OSIRIS cameras in the Southern hemisphere of comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko

Author

N. Oklay, Holger Sierks, Stefano Mottola, F. Preusker, Ivano Bertini, J.-R. Kramm, Géza Kovács, Jessica Agarwal, Michael Küppers, Nicolas Fougere, Giampiero Naletto, Matteo Massironi, F. Moreno, Mohamed Ramy El-Maarry, Hans Rickman, Sebastien Besse, Stephen C. Lowry, Stubbe F. Hviid, Monica Lazzarin, Xian Shi, L. M. Lara, A. Gicquel, Marco Fulle, S. Höfner, M. A. Barucci, J. B. Vincent, Jörg Knollenberg, M. F. A'Hearn, V. Da Deppo, Olivier Groussin, P. Gutiérrez-Marquez, Rafael Rodrigo, Francesco Marzari, Nafiseh Masoumzadeh, X. Hu, M. De Cecco, M. Rose, Ekkehard Kührt, Stefano Debei, Imre Toth, Cesare Barbieri, Björn Davidsson, Sonia Fornasier, Cecilia Tubiana, Jakob Deller, Gabriele Cremonese, Maurizio Pajola, Zhong-Yi Lin, F. Scholten, Wing-Huen Ip, Laurent Jorda, Detlef Koschny, Nicolas Thomas, P. J. Gutierrez, Marc Hofmann, Steve Boudreault, J. J. Lopez Moreno, Philippe Lamy, Dennis Bodewits, E. Frattin, Carsten Güttler, H. U. Keller, J. L. Bertaux, Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung = Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research (MPS), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, PI-DSMC software package, DLR Institut für Planetenforschung, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt [Berlin] (DLR), Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Department of Astronomy [College Park], University of Maryland [College Park], University of Maryland System-University of Maryland System, Department of Climate and Space Sciences and Engineering (CLaSP), University of Michigan [Ann Arbor], University of Michigan System-University of Michigan System, Centro di Ateneo di Studi e Attività Spaziali 'Giuseppe Colombo' (CISAS), Università degli Studi di Padova = University of Padua (Unipd), Institute of Space Science [Taiwan], National Central University [Taiwan] (NCU), Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia 'Galileo Galilei', Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille (LAM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), International Space Science Institute [Bern] (ISSI), Centro de Astrobiologia [Madrid] (CAB), Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial (INTA)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESTEC), Agence Spatiale Européenne = European Space Agency (ESA), Space Research Centre of Polish Academy of Sciences (CBK), Polska Akademia Nauk = Polish Academy of Sciences (PAN), Department of Physics and Astronomy [Uppsala], Uppsala University, Institut für Geophysik und Extraterrestrische Physik [Braunschweig] (IGEP), Technische Universität Braunschweig = Technical University of Braunschweig [Braunschweig], Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), PLANETO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Research and Scientific Support Department, ESTEC (RSSD), Agence Spatiale Européenne = European Space Agency (ESA)-Agence Spatiale Européenne = European Space Agency (ESA), INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova (OAPD), Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), CNR Institute for Photonics and Nanotechnologies (IFN), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Department of Industrial Engineering [Padova], University of Trento [Trento], Physikalisches Institut [Bern], Universität Bern [Bern] (UNIBE), INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste (OAT), Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (IAA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Department of Mechatronics, Optics and Mechanical Engineering Informatics (MOMEI), Budapest University of Technology and Economics [Budapest] (BME), European Space Astronomy Centre (ESAC), School of Physical Sciences [Canterbury], University of Kent [Canterbury], Department of Information Engineering [Padova] (DEI), NASA Ames Research Center (ARC), Konkoly Observatory, Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth Sciences [Budapest], Hungarian Academy of Sciences (MTA)-Hungarian Academy of Sciences (MTA), ITA, USA, GBR, FRA, DEU, Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung (MPS), Universita degli Studi di Padova, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC)-Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial (INTA), European Space Agency (ESA), European Space Agency (ESA)-European Space Agency (ESA), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Roma] (CNR), Universität Bern [Bern], and California Institute of Technology (CALTECH)-NASA

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Infrared, Comet, Data analysis, Comets: individual: 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko, Methods: data analysis, Methods: numerical, Methods: observational, 67P/Churyumov, Coma (optics), Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, modelling, comet, Rosetta, 0103 physical sciences, Comets, High spatial resolution, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, OSIRIS, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Southern Hemisphere, Observations, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Gerasimenko, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Numerical, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], [PHYS]Physics [physics], Physics, 67P, biology, 520 Astronomy, outburt, Astronomy, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Radius, 620 Engineering, biology.organism_classification, Outgassing, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Osiris, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]
Abstract

International audience; Images of the nucleus and the coma (gas and dust) of comet 67P/Churyumov– Gerasimenko have been acquired by the OSIRIS (Optical, Spectroscopic and Infrared Remote Imaging System) cameras since 2014 March using both the wide-angle camera and the narrow-angle camera (NAC). We use images from the NAC camera to study a bright outburst observed in the Southern hemisphere on 2015 July 29. The high spatial resolution of the NAC is needed to localize the source point of the outburst on the surface of the nucleus. The heliocentric distance is 1.25 au and the spacecraft–comet distance is 186 km. Aiming to better understand the physics that led to the outgassing, we used the Direct Simulation Monte Carlo method to study the gas flow close to the nucleus and the dust trajectories. The goal is to understand the mechanisms producing the outburst. We reproduce the opening angle of the outburst in the model and constrain the outgassing ratio between the outburst source and the local region. The outburst is in fact a combination of both gas and dust, in which the active surface is approximately 10 times more active than the average rate found in the surrounding areas. We need a number of dust particles 7.83 × 1011 to 6.90 × 1015 (radius 1.97–185 μm), which correspond to a mass of dust (220–21) × 103 kg.

Published
2017

45. Gas outflow and dust transport of comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko

Author

Francesco Marzari, Wing-Huen Ip, Laurent Jorda, J. Rainer Kramm, Hans Rickman, Gábor L. Kovács, Marc Hofmann, I. L. Lai, Philippe Lamy, Detlef Koschny, Jong-Shinn Wu, Mariolino De Cecco, Nilda Oklay, Ivano Bertini, Michael Küppers, Xian Shi, Nicolas Thomas, Stubbe F. Hviid, Jean-Loup Bertaux, Holger Sierks, C. Güttler, Olivier Groussin, Vania Da Deppo, Marco Fulle, Steven Boudreault, Pedro J. Gutiérrez, Giampiero Naletto, M. A. Barucci, Horst Uwe Keller, Michael F. A'Hearn, Jose J. Lopez Moreno, Jui Chi Lee, Ying Liao, Cesare Barbieri, Luisa Lara, Monica Lazzarin, Cheng Chin Su, Jean-Baptiste Vincent, Jakob Deller, Gabriele Cremonese, Ekkehard Kührt, Zhong-Yi Lin, Björn Davidsson, Cecilia Tubiana, Stefano Debei, Jessica Agarwal, Sonia Fornasier, Jörg Knollenberg, Rafael Rodrigo, Institute of Space Science [Taiwan], National Central University [Taiwan] (NCU), Institute of Astronomy [Taiwan] (IANCU), Space Science Institute [Macau] (SSI), Macau University of Science and Technology (MUST), Department of Mechanical Engineering [NCTU], National Chiao Tung University (NCTU), Department of Atmospheric Sciences [Taoyuan City], Physikalisches Institut [Bern], Universität Bern [Bern], Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung (MPS), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia 'Galileo Galilei', Universita degli Studi di Padova, Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille (LAM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centro de Astrobiologia [Madrid] (CAB), Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial (INTA)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESTEC), European Space Agency (ESA), Department of Physics and Astronomy [Uppsala], Uppsala University, Institut für Geophysik und Extraterrestrische Physik [Braunschweig] (IGEP), Technische Universität Braunschweig = Technical University of Braunschweig [Braunschweig], Department of Astronomy [College Park], University of Maryland [College Park], University of Maryland System-University of Maryland System, Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), PLANETO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centro di Ateneo di Studi e Attività Spaziali 'Giuseppe Colombo' (CISAS), INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova (OAPD), Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), CNR Institute for Photonics and Nanotechnologies (IFN), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Roma] (CNR), Department of Industrial Engineering [Padova], University of Trento [Trento], INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste (OAT), Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (IAA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), DLR Institut für Planetenforschung, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt [Berlin] (DLR), European Space Astronomy Centre (ESAC), Department of Information Engineering [Padova] (DEI), Universität Bern [Bern] (UNIBE), Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung = Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research (MPS), Università degli Studi di Padova = University of Padua (Unipd), Agence Spatiale Européenne = European Space Agency (ESA), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), ITA, USA, GBR, FRA, and DEU

Subjects
individual: comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko [comets], 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Comet dust, Irregular shape, Comet, [SDU.ASTR.EP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP], Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, general [comets], methods: numerical, Astronomi, astrofysik och kosmologi, 0103 physical sciences, Comets: general, Comets: individual: comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko, Methods: numerical, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Space and Planetary Science, Astronomy, Astrophysics and Cosmology, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Physics, Jet (fluid), [SDU.ASTR.SR]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Solar and Stellar Astrophysics [astro-ph.SR], Comet tail, 520 Astronomy, comets: general, Thermal cycle, Astronomy, numerical [methods], comets: individual: comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko, 620 Engineering, 13. Climate action, Outflow, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

International audience; Because of the diurnal thermal cycle and the irregular shape of the nucleus, gas outflow of comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko could be highly anisotropic as indicated by the colliminated dust jet structures on the sunlit side. Based on the OSIRIS imaging observations of the outgassing effect, a simple model of surface sublimation can be constructed by taking into account the dependence on the solar insolation. With preliminary information on the time variability of the global gas production rate, a sequence of gas coma models can be generated at different epochs before and after perihelion. We also investigate different patterns of dust particle dynamics under the influences of nuclear rotation and gas drag. From these considerations, a consistent picture of the spatial distribution of dusty materials across the surface of comet 67P as it moves around the perihelion can be developed. It is found that because of the redeposition of the ejected dust from the Southern hemisphere to the Northern hemisphere during the southern summer season the Hapi region could gain up to 0.4 m while the Wosret region would lose up to 1.8 m of dust mantle per orbit.

Published
2016

47. Analysis of Ganymede rotational state using JANUS telescope

Author

Giacomo Colombatti, Pasquale Palumbo, Stefano Debei, and Alessio Aboudan

Subjects
Surface (mathematics), 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Track (disk drive), Measure (physics), Shell (structure), Geodesy, 01 natural sciences, Image analysis, law.invention, Jupiter, Telescope, law, 0103 physical sciences, Libration, Bundle adjustment, Librations, Janus, Estimation, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Geology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

Ganymede as well as Europa and Callisto are thought to present a complex internal structure comprising a sub-surface ocean. The thickness of its ice shell, the presence and depth of the liquid layer as well as the details about the interior structure have not been well constrained. Direct measurement of librational motion of Ganymede will be a useful tool for detecting an ocean and characterizing the interior parameters of this moon. JUICE high-resolution camera images will be used to track landmarks on the surface of this body and measure their longitudinal shift. Goal of this work is to define an error budget for such kind of measurements, investigate to which extent the libration can be detected and define both the algorithms and the observational strategies that could be used for this analysis.

Published
2019

48. Rover Relative Localization Testing in Martian Relevant Environment

Author

Federico Salvioli, Marco Pertile, Sebastiano Chiodini, Marco Barrera, Riccardo Giubilato, Diego Bussi, Paola Franceschetti, and Stefano Debei

Subjects
Martian, Visual Odometry, 0209 industrial biotechnology, Heading (navigation), Ground truth, Computer science, 020208 electrical & electronic engineering, Real-time computing, Bundle Adjustment, Mars rover, Navigation, Remotely operated vehicles, Terrain, 02 engineering and technology, Mars Exploration Program, Motion capture, 020901 industrial engineering & automation, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Trajectory, Visual odometry
Abstract

In this work we describe a relative localization algorithm developed to estimate the position and the attitude (roll, pitch and heading angle) of a rover on the surface of Mars. The algorithm is designed to operate on a ground control center and to exploit all the computational power which is not available on the on-board computer and it serves to refine the rover’s telemetry data. The input consists of a set of stereo-images captured by the rover during operations and separated by at least 1 m apart from each other; limitations in the number of downlinked images, due to the variable and reduced bandwidth, has been a driver for the design.The performances of the algorithm in term of accuracy have been tested by capturing a series of stereo-images in a representative martian environment, the ALTEC Mars Terrain Simulator, with a half-scale version of the ExoMars rover, called ExoMars Testing Rover (ExoTeR, property of ESA, European Space Agency). The ground truth was given by a motion capture system. We demonstrate the algorithm capability to estimate the rover pose even in case of significant camera shifts.

Published
2019

49. Multidisciplinary analysis of the Hapi region located on Comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko

Author

Wing-Huen Ip, Philippe Lamy, Carsten Güttler, F. La Forgia, Nilda Oklay, R. Rodrigo, Z. Y. Lin, Dennis Bodewits, Stefano Debei, V. Da Deppo, H. U. Keller, Luca Penasa, Jakob Deller, Maurizio Pajola, Alice Lucchetti, Gabriele Cremonese, Giampiero Naletto, Sonia Fornasier, Detlef Koschny, Marco Fulle, P. J. Gutierrez, M. De Cecco, Holger Sierks, J. J. Lopez Moreno, Francesco Marzari, J.-C. Lee, Matteo Massironi, F. Preusker, Ivano Bertini, Stubbe F. Hviid, Sabrina Ferrari, Imre Tóth, Jessica Agarwal, Pamela Cambianica, Xian Shi, Frank Scholten, Lorenza Giacomini, Jean-Loup Bertaux, M. A. Barucci, Stefano Mottola, Luisa Lara, Björn Davidsson, M. R. El Maarry, Clement Feller, Cecilia Tubiana, Monica Lazzarin, Jean-Baptiste Vincent, INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova (OAPD), Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Department of Atmospheric Sciences [Taoyuan City], National Central University [Taiwan] (NCU), Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung (MPS), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, DLR Institut für Planetenforschung, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt [Berlin] (DLR), Centro di Ateneo di Studi e Attività Spaziali 'Giuseppe Colombo' (CISAS), Universita degli Studi di Padova, Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA (UMR_8109)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali - INAF (IAPS), Dipartimento di Geoscienze [Padova], Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia 'Galileo Galilei', CNR Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie [Padova] (IFN), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Roma] (CNR), Institute of Space Science [Taiwan], Space Science Institute [Macau] (SSI), Macau University of Science and Technology (MUST), IMPEC - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centro de Astrobiologia [Madrid] (CAB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] (CSIC)-Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial (INTA), International Space Science Institute [Bern] (ISSI), European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESTEC), European Space Agency (ESA), Space Research Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IKI), Russian Academy of Sciences [Moscow] (RAS), Department of Physics [Auburn], Auburn University (AU), Department of Mechanical Engineering [Padova], Department of Industrial Engineering [Padova], Universita degli Studi di Padova-Universita degli Studi di Padova, University of Trento [Trento], Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics [Boulder] (LASP), University of Colorado [Boulder], INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste (OAT), Institut d'Astronomie et d'Astrophysique [Bruxelles] (IAA), Université Libre de Bruxelles [Bruxelles] (ULB), Konkoly Observatory, Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth Sciences [Budapest], Hungarian Academy of Sciences (MTA)-Hungarian Academy of Sciences (MTA), European Space Agency, Swedish National Space Board, Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia (España), Centre National D'Etudes Spatiales (France), Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, German Centre for Air and Space Travel, Unidad de Excelencia Científica María de Maeztu Centro de Astrobiología del Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial y CSIC, MDM-2017-0737, Pajola, M. [0000-0002-3144-1277], Penasa, L. [0000-0002-6394-3108], Fornasier, S. [0000-0001-7678-3310], Lucchetti, A. [0000-0001-7413-3058], Vicent, J. B. [0000-0001-6575-3079], Naletto, G. [0000-0003-2007-3138], Barucci, M. A. [0000-0002-1345-0890], Bertaux, J. L. [0000-0003-0333-229X], Deller, J. [0000-0001-8341-007X], Fulle, M. [0000-0001-8435-5287], Güttler, C. [0000-0003-4277-1738], Tubiana, C. [0000-0001-8475-9898], Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), California Institute of Technology (CALTECH)-NASA, PLANETO - LATMOS, Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial (INTA)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Agenzia Spaziale Italiana (ASI), Swedish National Space Agency (SNSA), Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR), and Centre National D'Etudes Spatiales (CNES)

Subjects
Asteroiden und Kometen, statistical [Methods], Comet, individual (67P C-G) [Comets], Comets: individual (67P C-G), Methods: data analysis, Methods: statistical, 01 natural sciences, Methods statistical, Gravitational potential, 0103 physical sciences, data analysis [Methods], 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Southern Hemisphere, Physics, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, [SDU.ASTR]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Multidisciplinary analysis, Planetengeodäsie, 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko Comets Rosetta Hapi, Northern Hemisphere, Astronomy, Astronomy and Astrophysics, methods: data analysis –methods: statistical – comets: individual (67P C-G), Space and Planetary Science, Ridge, individual: 67P C-G [Comets], [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]
Abstract

By using the Rosetta/OSIRIS-NAC data set taken in 2014 August, we focus on the neck region, called Hapi, located on 67P Churyumov-Gerasimenko's Northern hemisphere. The gravitational potential and slopes of Hapi, coupled with the geological unit identification and the boulder size-frequency distributions, support the interpretation that both taluses and gravitational accumulation deposits observable on Hapi are the result of multiple cliff collapses that occurred at different times. By contrast, the fine-particle deposits observable in the central part of the study area are made of aggregates coming from the Southern hemisphere and deposited during each perihelion passage. Both the consolidated terrains on the western part of Hapi, as well as the centrally aligned ridge made of boulder-like features, suggest that Hapi is in structural continuity with the onion-like structure of the main lobe of 67P. Despite the dusty blanket observable on Hapi, its terrains are characterized by water-ice-rich components that, once repeatedly and rapidly illuminated, sublimate, hence resulting in the strong jet activity observed in 2014 August.© 2019 The Author(s)., The support of the national funding agencies of Germany (DLR), Italy (ASI), France (CNES), Spain (MEC), Sweden (SNSB), and the ESA Technical Directorate is gratefully acknowledged.

Published
2019

50. Structural analysis of grabens, Pit chains and rifting in Noctis Labyrinthus (Mars) based on Data derived from HRSC and MOLA

Author

Mayssa El Yazidi, Riccardo Pozzobon, Luca Penasa, Stefano Debei, and Matteo Massironi

Subjects
Extension, Noctis Labyrinthus, Volcanic, Pit Chains, Grabens
Abstract

Research Aims - Study the tectonics features and the stress field in Noctis Labyrinthus. - Scrutinize the Pit Chains morphology and evolution. - Reveal the processes responsible for the complex ramify rift systems and troughs., {"references":["Mège, D et al., 2003.J. Geophys. Res.108, E5, 5044. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2002JE001852"]}

Published
2019
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