Search

Your search keyword '"Stefanie Mullins"' showing total 11 results
Start Over Author "Stefanie Mullins"
11 results on '"Stefanie Mullins"'

1. Efficacy and pharmacodynamic effect of anti-CD73 and anti-PD-L1 monoclonal antibodies in combination with cytotoxic therapy: observations from mouse tumor models

Author

Brajesh P. Kaistha, Gozde Kar, Andreas Dannhorn, Amanda Watkins, Grace Opoku-Ansah, Kristina Ilieva, Stefanie Mullins, Judith Anderton, Elena Galvani, Fabien Garcon, Jean-Martin Lapointe, Lee Brown, James Hair, Tim Slidel, Nadia Luheshi, Kelli Ryan, Elizabeth Hardaker, Simon Dovedi, Rakesh Kumar, Robert W. Wilkinson, Scott A. Hammond, and Jim Eyles

Subjects
Anti-CD73, Oleclumab, immunotherapy, chemotherapy, adenosine, immune-checkpoint blockade (ICB), Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens, RC254-282
Abstract

CD73 is a cell surface 5’nucleotidase (NT5E) and key node in the catabolic process generating immunosuppressive adenosine in cancer. Using a murine monoclonal antibody surrogate of Oleclumab, we investigated the effect of CD73 inhibition in concert with cytotoxic therapies (chemotherapies as well as fractionated radiotherapy) and PD-L1 blockade. Our results highlight improved survival in syngeneic tumor models of colorectal cancer (CT26 and MC38) and sarcoma (MCA205). This therapeutic outcome was in part driven by cytotoxic CD8 T-cells, as evidenced by the detrimental effect of CD8 depleting antibody treatment of MCA205 tumor bearing mice treated with anti-CD73, anti-PD-L1 and 5-Fluorouracil+Oxaliplatin (5FU+OHP). We hypothesize that the improved responses are tumor microenvironment (TME)-driven, as suggested by the lack of anti-CD73 enhanced cytopathic effects mediated by 5FU+OHP on cell lines in vitro. Pharmacodynamic analysis, using imaging mass cytometry and RNA-sequencing, revealed noteworthy changes in specific cell populations like cytotoxic T cells, B cells and NK cells in the CT26 TME. Transcriptomic analysis highlighted treatment-related modulation of gene profiles associated with an immune response, NK and T-cell activation, T cell receptor signaling and interferon (types 1 & 2) pathways. Inclusion of comparator groups representing the various components of the combination allowed deconvolution of contribution of the individual therapeutic elements; highlighting specific effects mediated by the anti-CD73 antibody with respect to immune-cell representation, chemotaxis and myeloid biology. These pre-clinical data reflect complementarity of adenosine blockade with cytotoxic therapy, and T-cell checkpoint inhibition, and provides new mechanistic insights in support of combination therapy.

Published
2024
Full Text
View/download PDF

2. The MEK inhibitor selumetinib complements CTLA-4 blockade by reprogramming the tumor immune microenvironment

Author

Edmund Poon, Stefanie Mullins, Amanda Watkins, Geoffrey S. Williams, Jens-Oliver Koopmann, Gianfranco Di Genova, Marie Cumberbatch, Margaret Veldman-Jones, Shaun E. Grosskurth, Vasu Sah, Alwin Schuller, Corrine Reimer, Simon J. Dovedi, Paul D. Smith, Ross Stewart, and Robert W. Wilkinson

Subjects
CTLA-4, MEK inhibitor, Immunotherapy, Microenvironment, Cancer, Myeloid-derived suppressor cells, Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens, RC254-282
Abstract

Abstract Background T-cell checkpoint blockade and MEK inhibitor combinations are under clinical investigation. Despite progress elucidating the immuno-modulatory effects of MEK inhibitors as standalone therapies, the impact of MEK inhibition on the activity of T-cell checkpoint inhibitors remains incompletely understood. Here we sought to characterize the combined effects of MEK inhibition and anti-CTLA-4 mAb (anti-CTLA-4) therapy, examining effects on both T-cells and tumor microenvironment (TME). Methods In mice, the effects of MEK inhibition, via selumetinib, and anti-CTLA-4 on immune responses to keyhole limpet haemocyanin (KLH) immunization were monitored using ex vivo functional assays with splenocytes. In a KRAS-mutant CT26 mouse colorectal cancer model, the impact on the tumor microenvironment (TME) and the spleen were evaluated by flow cytometry. The TME was further examined by gene expression and immunohistochemical analyses. The combination and sequencing of selumetinib and anti-CTLA-4 were also evaluated in efficacy studies using the CT26 mouse syngeneic model. Results Anti-CTLA-4 enhanced the generation of KLH specific immunity following KLH immunization in vivo; selumetinib was found to reduce, but did not prevent, this enhancement of immune response by anti-CTLA-4 in vivo. In the CT26 mouse model, anti-CTLA-4 treatment led to higher expression levels of the immunosuppressive mediators, Cox-2 and Arg1 in the TME. Combination of anti-CTLA-4 with selumetinib negated this up-regulation of Cox-2 and Arg1, reduced the frequency of CD11+ Ly6G+ myeloid cells, and led to the accumulation of differentiating monocytes at the Ly6C+ MHC+ intermediate state in the tumor. We also report that MEK inhibition had limited impact on anti-CTLA-4-mediated increases in T-cell infiltration and T-cell activation in CT26 tumors. Finally, we show that pre-treatment, but not concurrent treatment, with selumetinib enhanced the anti-tumor activity of anti-CTLA-4 in the CT26 model. Conclusion These data provide evidence that MEK inhibition can lead to changes in myeloid cells and immunosuppressive factors in the tumor, thus potentially conditioning the TME to facilitate improved response to anti-CTLA-4 treatment. In summary, the use of MEK inhibitors to alter the TME as an approach to enhance the activities of immune checkpoint inhibitors warrants further investigation in clinical trials.

Published
2017
Full Text
View/download PDF

3. Data from Rational Selection of Syngeneic Preclinical Tumor Models for Immunotherapeutic Drug Discovery

Author

Robert W. Wilkinson, Simon J. Dovedi, Ross Stewart, Viia Valge-Archer, Michelle Morrow, James A. Harper, Hazel Jones, Matthew McCourt, Brandon W. Higgs, Philip Brohawn, Jane Coates Ulrichsen, Amanda Watkins, Judith Anderton, Danielle Marcus, Luciano Pacelli, Stefanie Mullins, Rebecca Leyland, Miika J. Ahdesmaki, Danielle M. Greenawalt, Dennis Y.Q. Wang, Jens-Oliver Koopmann, Richard C.A. Sainson, John E. Prime, and Suzanne I.S. Mosely

Abstract

Murine syngeneic tumor models are critical to novel immuno-based therapy development, but the molecular and immunologic features of these models are still not clearly defined. The translational relevance of differences between the models is not fully understood, impeding appropriate preclinical model selection for target validation, and ultimately hindering drug development. Across a panel of commonly used murine syngeneic tumor models, we showed variable responsiveness to immunotherapies. We used array comparative genomic hybridization, whole-exome sequencing, exon microarray analysis, and flow cytometry to extensively characterize these models, which revealed striking differences that may underlie these contrasting response profiles. We identified strong differential gene expression in immune-related pathways and changes in immune cell–specific genes that suggested differences in tumor immune infiltrates between models. Further investigation using flow cytometry showed differences in both the composition and magnitude of the tumor immune infiltrates, identifying models that harbor “inflamed” and “non-inflamed” tumor immune infiltrate phenotypes. We also found that immunosuppressive cell types predominated in syngeneic mouse tumor models that did not respond to immune-checkpoint blockade, whereas cytotoxic effector immune cells were enriched in responsive models. A cytotoxic cell–rich tumor immune infiltrate has been correlated with increased efficacy of immunotherapies in the clinic, and these differences could underlie the varying response profiles to immunotherapy between the syngeneic models. This characterization highlighted the importance of extensive profiling and will enable investigators to select appropriate models to interrogate the activity of immunotherapies as well as combinations with targeted therapies in vivo. Cancer Immunol Res; 5(1); 29–41. ©2016 AACR.

Published
2023
Full Text
View/download PDF

4. Supplementary Figures 1 through 5, Supplementary Tables 1 through 4, and Supplementary Methods from Rational Selection of Syngeneic Preclinical Tumor Models for Immunotherapeutic Drug Discovery

Author

Robert W. Wilkinson, Simon J. Dovedi, Ross Stewart, Viia Valge-Archer, Michelle Morrow, James A. Harper, Hazel Jones, Matthew McCourt, Brandon W. Higgs, Philip Brohawn, Jane Coates Ulrichsen, Amanda Watkins, Judith Anderton, Danielle Marcus, Luciano Pacelli, Stefanie Mullins, Rebecca Leyland, Miika J. Ahdesmaki, Danielle M. Greenawalt, Dennis Y.Q. Wang, Jens-Oliver Koopmann, Richard C.A. Sainson, John E. Prime, and Suzanne I.S. Mosely

Abstract

Supplementary Figure S1: Summary of experiments Supplementary Figure S2: Gating strategy Supplementary Figure S3:Profiling by array CGH, whole-exome and targeted sequencing Supplementary Figure S4: Comparison of mutational profiles of murine syngeneic tumor cell lines and TCGA patient tumors Supplementary Figure S5: Differentially-expressed gene-sets in lymph node and spleen Supplementary Table S1: Cell line details Supplementary Table S2: Copy Number Variation Supplementary Table S3: List of 64 genes investigated by targeted sequencing Supplementary Table S4: Fluorescent antibodies used Supplementary Methods: Linear mixed-effect model

Published
2023
Full Text
View/download PDF

5. Supplementary Dataset from Rational Selection of Syngeneic Preclinical Tumor Models for Immunotherapeutic Drug Discovery

Author

Robert W. Wilkinson, Simon J. Dovedi, Ross Stewart, Viia Valge-Archer, Michelle Morrow, James A. Harper, Hazel Jones, Matthew McCourt, Brandon W. Higgs, Philip Brohawn, Jane Coates Ulrichsen, Amanda Watkins, Judith Anderton, Danielle Marcus, Luciano Pacelli, Stefanie Mullins, Rebecca Leyland, Miika J. Ahdesmaki, Danielle M. Greenawalt, Dennis Y.Q. Wang, Jens-Oliver Koopmann, Richard C.A. Sainson, John E. Prime, and Suzanne I.S. Mosely

Abstract

Supplementary dataset containing raw data from targeted sequencing, whole exome sequencing, array CGH and transcriptomic analysis

Published
2023
Full Text
View/download PDF

6. Supporting information tracked changes from A Novel Murine GITR Ligand Fusion Protein Induces Antitumor Activity as a Monotherapy That Is Further Enhanced in Combination with an OX40 Agonist

Author

Ross Stewart, Robert W. Wilkinson, Ching Ching Leow, Athula Herath, Philip Mallinder, Scott A. Hammond, Michelle Morrow, Lesley Young, Kelly McGlinchey, David A. Leinster, Jane Coates Ulrichsen, Michael D. Oberst, Stefanie Mullins, Li Yan, John Andrews, Emily Offer, Natalie J. Tigue, Lisa Bamber, Nicholas Holoweckyj, Kathy A. Mulgrew, Amanda Watkins, and Rebecca Leyland

Abstract

Additional materials and methods and supplementary figure legends with tracked changes

Published
2023
Full Text
View/download PDF

7. Supplementary figures from A Novel Murine GITR Ligand Fusion Protein Induces Antitumor Activity as a Monotherapy That Is Further Enhanced in Combination with an OX40 Agonist

Author

Ross Stewart, Robert W. Wilkinson, Ching Ching Leow, Athula Herath, Philip Mallinder, Scott A. Hammond, Michelle Morrow, Lesley Young, Kelly McGlinchey, David A. Leinster, Jane Coates Ulrichsen, Michael D. Oberst, Stefanie Mullins, Li Yan, John Andrews, Emily Offer, Natalie J. Tigue, Lisa Bamber, Nicholas Holoweckyj, Kathy A. Mulgrew, Amanda Watkins, and Rebecca Leyland

Abstract

Supplementary figures S1-4

Published
2023
Full Text
View/download PDF

8. Data from A Novel Murine GITR Ligand Fusion Protein Induces Antitumor Activity as a Monotherapy That Is Further Enhanced in Combination with an OX40 Agonist

Author

Ross Stewart, Robert W. Wilkinson, Ching Ching Leow, Athula Herath, Philip Mallinder, Scott A. Hammond, Michelle Morrow, Lesley Young, Kelly McGlinchey, David A. Leinster, Jane Coates Ulrichsen, Michael D. Oberst, Stefanie Mullins, Li Yan, John Andrews, Emily Offer, Natalie J. Tigue, Lisa Bamber, Nicholas Holoweckyj, Kathy A. Mulgrew, Amanda Watkins, and Rebecca Leyland

Abstract

Purpose: To generate and characterize a murine GITR ligand fusion protein (mGITRL-FP) designed to maximize valency and the potential to agonize the GITR receptor for cancer immunotherapy.Experimental Design: The EC50 value of the mGITRL-FP was compared with an anti-GITR antibody in an in vitro agonistic cell–based reporter assay. We assessed the impact of dose, schedule, and Fc isotype on antitumor activity and T-cell modulation in the CT26 tumor model. The activity of the mGITRL-FP was compared with an agonistic murine OX40L-FP targeting OX40, in CT26 and B16F10-Luc2 tumor models. Combination of the mGITRL-FP with antibodies targeting PD-L1, PD-1, or CTLA-4 was analyzed in mice bearing CT26 tumors.Results: The mGITRL-FP had an almost 50-fold higher EC50 value compared with an anti-murine GITR antibody. Treatment of CT26 tumor-bearing mice with mGITRL-FP–mediated significant antitumor activity that was dependent on isotype, dose, and duration of exposure. The antitumor activity could be correlated with the increased proliferation of peripheral CD8+ and CD4+ T cells and a significant decrease in the frequency of intratumoral Tregs. The combination of mGITRL-FP with mOX40L-FP or checkpoint inhibitor antagonists enhanced antitumor immunity above that of monotherapy treatment.Conclusions: These results suggest that therapeutically targeting GITR represents a unique approach to cancer immunotherapy and suggests that a multimeric fusion protein may provide increased agonistic potential versus an antibody. In addition, these data provide, for the first time, early proof of concept for the potential combination of GITR targeting agents with OX40 agonists and PD-L1 antagonists. Clin Cancer Res; 23(13); 3416–27. ©2017 AACR.

Published
2023
Full Text
View/download PDF

9. Supporting information from A Novel Murine GITR Ligand Fusion Protein Induces Antitumor Activity as a Monotherapy That Is Further Enhanced in Combination with an OX40 Agonist

Author

Ross Stewart, Robert W. Wilkinson, Ching Ching Leow, Athula Herath, Philip Mallinder, Scott A. Hammond, Michelle Morrow, Lesley Young, Kelly McGlinchey, David A. Leinster, Jane Coates Ulrichsen, Michael D. Oberst, Stefanie Mullins, Li Yan, John Andrews, Emily Offer, Natalie J. Tigue, Lisa Bamber, Nicholas Holoweckyj, Kathy A. Mulgrew, Amanda Watkins, and Rebecca Leyland

Abstract

Additional materials and methods and supplementary figure legends.

Published
2023
Full Text
View/download PDF

10. 31st Annual Meeting and Associated Programs of the Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer (SITC 2016): part two

Author

Casey Ager, Matthew Reilley, Courtney Nicholas, Todd Bartkowiak, Ashvin Jaiswal, Michael Curran, Tina C. Albershardt, Anshika Bajaj, Jacob F. Archer, Rebecca S. Reeves, Lisa Y. Ngo, Peter Berglund, Jan ter Meulen, Caroline Denis, Hormas Ghadially, Thomas Arnoux, Fabien Chanuc, Nicolas Fuseri, Robert W. Wilkinson, Nicolai Wagtmann, Yannis Morel, Pascale Andre, Michael B. Atkins, Matteo S. Carlino, Antoni Ribas, John A. Thompson, Toni K. Choueiri, F. Stephen Hodi, Wen-Jen Hwu, David F. McDermott, Victoria Atkinson, Jonathan S. Cebon, Bernie Fitzharris, Michael B. Jameson, Catriona McNeil, Andrew G. Hill, Eric Mangin, Malidi Ahamadi, Marianne van Vugt, Mariëlle van Zutphen, Nageatte Ibrahim, Georgina V. Long, Robyn Gartrell, Zoe Blake, Ines Simoes, Yichun Fu, Takuro Saito, Yingzhi Qian, Yan Lu, Yvonne M. Saenger, Sadna Budhu, Olivier De Henau, Roberta Zappasodi, Kyle Schlunegger, Bruce Freimark, Jeff Hutchins, Christopher A. Barker, Jedd D. Wolchok, Taha Merghoub, Elena Burova, Omaira Allbritton, Peter Hong, Jie Dai, Jerry Pei, Matt Liu, Joel Kantrowitz, Venus Lai, William Poueymirou, Douglas MacDonald, Ella Ioffe, Markus Mohrs, William Olson, Gavin Thurston, Cristian Capasso, Federica Frascaro, Sara Carpi, Siri Tähtinen, Sara Feola, Manlio Fusciello, Karita Peltonen, Beatriz Martins, Madeleine Sjöberg, Sari Pesonen, Tuuli Ranki, Lukasz Kyruk, Erkko Ylösmäki, Vincenzo Cerullo, Fabio Cerignoli, Biao Xi, Garret Guenther, Naichen Yu, Lincoln Muir, Leyna Zhao, Yama Abassi, Víctor Cervera-Carrascón, Mikko Siurala, João Santos, Riikka Havunen, Suvi Parviainen, Akseli Hemminki, Angus Dalgleish, Satvinder Mudan, Mark DeBenedette, Ana Plachco, Alicia Gamble, Elizabeth W. Grogan, John Krisko, Irina Tcherepanova, Charles Nicolette, Pooja Dhupkar, Ling Yu, Eugenie S. Kleinerman, Nancy Gordon, Italia Grenga, Lauren Lepone, Sofia Gameiro, Karin M. Knudson, Massimo Fantini, Kwong Tsang, James Hodge, Renee Donahue, Jeffrey Schlom, Elizabeth Evans, Holm Bussler, Crystal Mallow, Christine Reilly, Sebold Torno, Maria Scrivens, Cathie Foster, Alan Howell, Leslie Balch, Alyssa Knapp, John E. Leonard, Mark Paris, Terry Fisher, Siwen Hu-Lieskovan, Ernest Smith, Maurice Zauderer, William Fogler, Marilyn Franklin, Matt Thayer, Dan Saims, John L. Magnani, Jian Gong, Michael Gray, George Fromm, Suresh de Silva, Louise Giffin, Xin Xu, Jason Rose, Taylor H. Schreiber, Sofia R. Gameiro, Paul E. Clavijo, Clint T. Allen, James W. Hodge, Kwong Y. Tsang, Jane Grogan, Nicholas Manieri, Eugene Chiang, Patrick Caplazi, Mahesh Yadav, Patrick Hagner, Hsiling Chiu, Michelle Waldman, Anke Klippel, Anjan Thakurta, Michael Pourdehnad, Anita Gandhi, Ian Henrich, Laura Quick, Rob Young, Margaret Chou, Andrew Hotson, Stephen Willingham, Po Ho, Carmen Choy, Ginna Laport, Ian McCaffery, Richard Miller, Kimberly A. Tipton, Kenneth R. Wong, Victoria Singson, Chihunt Wong, Chanty Chan, Yuanhiu Huang, Shouchun Liu, Jennifer H. Richardson, W. Michael Kavanaugh, James West, Bryan A. Irving, Ritika Jaini, Matthew Loya, Charis Eng, Melissa L. Johnson, Alex A. Adjei, Mateusz Opyrchal, Suresh Ramalingam, Pasi A. Janne, George Dominguez, Dmitry Gabrilovich, Laura de Leon, Jeannette Hasapidis, Scott J. Diede, Peter Ordentlich, Scott Cruickshank, Michael L. Meyers, Matthew D. Hellmann, Pawel Kalinski, Amer Zureikat, Robert Edwards, Ravi Muthuswamy, Nataša Obermajer, Julie Urban, Lisa H. Butterfield, William Gooding, Herbert Zeh, David Bartlett, Olga Zubkova, Larissa Agapova, Marina Kapralova, Liudmila Krasovskaia, Armen Ovsepyan, Maxim Lykov, Artem Eremeev, Vladimir Bokovanov, Olga Grigoryeva, Andrey Karpov, Sergey Ruchko, Alexandr Shuster, Danny N. Khalil, Luis Felipe Campesato, Yanyun Li, Adam S. Lazorchak, Troy D. Patterson, Yueyun Ding, Pottayil Sasikumar, Naremaddepalli Sudarshan, Nagaraj Gowda, Raghuveer Ramachandra, Dodheri Samiulla, Sanjeev Giri, Rajesh Eswarappa, Murali Ramachandra, David Tuck, Timothy Wyant, Jasmin Leshem, Xiu-fen Liu, Tapan Bera, Masaki Terabe, Birgit Bossenmaier, Gerhard Niederfellner, Yoram Reiter, Ira Pastan, Leiming Xia, Yang Xia, Yangyang Hu, Yi Wang, Yangyi Bao, Fu Dai, Shiang Huang, Elaine Hurt, Robert E. Hollingsworth, Lawrence G. Lum, Alfred E. Chang, Max S. Wicha, Qiao Li, Thomas Mace, Neil Makhijani, Erin Talbert, Gregory Young, Denis Guttridge, Darwin Conwell, Gregory B. Lesinski, Rodney JM Macedo Gonzales, Austin P. Huffman, Ximi K. Wang, Ran Reshef, Andy MacKinnon, Jason Chen, Matt Gross, Gisele Marguier, Peter Shwonek, Natalija Sotirovska, Susanne Steggerda, Francesco Parlati, Amani Makkouk, Mark K. Bennett, Ethan Emberley, Tony Huang, Weiqun Li, Silinda Neou, Alison Pan, Jing Zhang, Winter Zhang, Netonia Marshall, Thomas U. Marron, Judith Agudo, Brian Brown, Joshua Brody, Christopher McQuinn, Matthew Farren, Hannah Komar, Reena Shakya, Thomas Ludwug, Y. Maurice Morillon, Scott A. Hammond, John W. Greiner, Pulak R. Nath, Anthony L. Schwartz, Dragan Maric, David D. Roberts, Aung Naing, Kyriakos P. Papadopoulos, Karen A. Autio, Deborah J. Wong, Manish Patel, Gerald Falchook, Shubham Pant, Patrick A. Ott, Melinda Whiteside, Amita Patnaik, John Mumm, Filip Janku, Ivan Chan, Todd Bauer, Rivka Colen, Peter VanVlasselaer, Gail L. Brown, Nizar M. Tannir, Martin Oft, Jeffrey Infante, Evan Lipson, Ajay Gopal, Sattva S. Neelapu, Philippe Armand, Stephen Spurgeon, John P. Leonard, Rachel E. Sanborn, Ignacio Melero, Thomas F. Gajewski, Matthew Maurer, Serena Perna, Andres A. Gutierrez, Raphael Clynes, Priyam Mitra, Satyendra Suryawanshi, Douglas Gladstone, Margaret K. Callahan, James Crooks, Sheila Brown, Audrey Gauthier, Marc Hillairet de Boisferon, Andrew MacDonald, Laura Rosa Brunet, William T. Rothwell, Peter Bell, James M. Wilson, Fumi Sato-Kaneko, Shiyin Yao, Shannon S. Zhang, Dennis A. Carson, Cristina Guiducci, Robert L. Coffman, Kazutaka Kitaura, Takaji Matsutani, Ryuji Suzuki, Tomoko Hayashi, Ezra E. W. Cohen, David Schaer, Yanxia Li, Julie Dobkin, Michael Amatulli, Gerald Hall, Thompson Doman, Jason Manro, Frank Charles Dorsey, Lillian Sams, Rikke Holmgaard, Krishnadatt Persaud, Dale Ludwig, David Surguladze, John S. Kauh, Ruslan Novosiadly, Michael Kalos, Kyla Driscoll, Hardev Pandha, Christy Ralph, Kevin Harrington, Brendan Curti, Wallace Akerley, Sumati Gupta, Alan Melcher, David Mansfield, David R. Kaufman, Emmett Schmidt, Mark Grose, Bronwyn Davies, Roberta Karpathy, Darren Shafren, Katerina Shamalov, Cyrille Cohen, Naveen Sharma, James Allison, Tala Shekarian, Sandrine Valsesia-Wittmann, Christophe Caux, Aurelien Marabelle, Brian M. Slomovitz, Kathleen M. Moore, Hagop Youssoufian, Marshall Posner, Poonam Tewary, Alan D. Brooks, Ya-Ming Xu, Kithsiri Wijeratne, Leslie A. A. Gunatilaka, Thomas J. Sayers, John P. Vasilakos, Tesha Alston, Simon Dovedi, James Elvecrog, Iwen Grigsby, Ronald Herbst, Karen Johnson, Craig Moeckly, Stefanie Mullins, Kristen Siebenaler, Julius SternJohn, Ashenafi Tilahun, Mark A. Tomai, Katharina Vogel, Eveline E. Vietsch, Anton Wellstein, Martin Wythes, Stefano Crosignani, Joseph Tumang, Shilpa Alekar, Patrick Bingham, Sandra Cauwenberghs, Jenny Chaplin, Deepak Dalvie, Sofie Denies, Coraline De Maeseneire, JunLi Feng, Kim Frederix, Samantha Greasley, Jie Guo, James Hardwick, Stephen Kaiser, Katti Jessen, Erick Kindt, Marie-Claire Letellier, Wenlin Li, Karen Maegley, Reece Marillier, Nichol Miller, Brion Murray, Romain Pirson, Julie Preillon, Virginie Rabolli, Chad Ray, Kevin Ryan, Stephanie Scales, Jay Srirangam, Jim Solowiej, Al Stewart, Nicole Streiner, Vince Torti, Konstantinos Tsaparikos, Xianxian Zheng, Gregory Driessens, Bruno Gomes, Manfred Kraus, Chunxiao Xu, Yanping Zhang, Giorgio Kradjian, Guozhong Qin, Jin Qi, Xiaomei Xu, Bo Marelli, Huakui Yu, Wilson Guzman, Rober Tighe, Rachel Salazar, Kin-Ming Lo, Jessie English, Laszlo Radvanyi, Yan Lan, Michael Postow, Yasin Senbabaoglu, Billel Gasmi, Hong Zhong, Cailian Liu, Daniel Hirschhorhn-Cymerman, Yuanyuan Zha, Gregory Malnassy, Noreen Fulton, Jae-Hyun Park, Wendy Stock, Yusuke Nakamura, Hongtao Liu, Xiaoming Ju, Rachelle Kosoff, Kimberly Ramos, Brandon Coder, Robert Petit, Michael Princiotta, Kyle Perry, Jun Zou, Ainhoa Arina, Christian Fernandez, Wenxin Zheng, Michael A. Beckett, Helena J. Mauceri, Yang-Xin Fu, Ralph R. Weichselbaum, Whitney Lewis, Yanyan Han, Yeting Wu, Chou Yang, Jing Huang, Dongyun Wu, Jin Li, Xiaoling Liang, Xiangjun Zhou, Jinlin Hou, Raffit Hassan, Thierry Jahan, Scott J. Antonia, Hedy L. Kindler, Evan W. Alley, Somayeh Honarmand, Weiqun Liu, Meredith L. Leong, Chan C. Whiting, Nitya Nair, Amanda Enstrom, Edward E. Lemmens, Takahiro Tsujikawa, Sushil Kumar, Lisa M. Coussens, Aimee L. Murphy, Dirk G. Brockstedt, Sven D. Koch, Martin Sebastian, Christian Weiss, Martin Früh, Miklos Pless, Richard Cathomas, Wolfgang Hilbe, Georg Pall, Thomas Wehler, Jürgen Alt, Helge Bischoff, Michael Geissler, Frank Griesinger, Jens Kollmeier, Alexandros Papachristofilou, Fatma Doener, Mariola Fotin-Mleczek, Madeleine Hipp, Henoch S. Hong, Karl-Josef Kallen, Ute Klinkhardt, Claudia Stosnach, Birgit Scheel, Andreas Schroeder, Tobias Seibel, Ulrike Gnad-Vogt, Alfred Zippelius, Ha-Ram Park, Yong-Oon Ahn, Tae Min Kim, Soyeon Kim, Seulki Kim, Yu Soo Lee, Bhumsuk Keam, Dong-Wan Kim, Dae Seog Heo, Shari Pilon-Thomas, Amy Weber, Jennifer Morse, Krithika Kodumudi, Hao Liu, John Mullinax, Amod A. Sarnaik, Luke Pike, Andrew Bang, Tracy Balboni, Allison Taylor, Alexander Spektor, Tyler Wilhite, Monica Krishnan, Daniel Cagney, Brian Alexander, Ayal Aizer, Elizabeth Buchbinder, Mark Awad, Leena Ghandi, Jonathan Schoenfeld, Elizabeth Lessey-Morillon, Lisa Ridnour, Neil H. Segal, Manish Sharma, Dung T. Le, Robert L. Ferris, Andrew D. Zelenetz, Ronald Levy, Izidore S. Lossos, Caron Jacobson, Radhakrishnan Ramchandren, John Godwin, A. Dimitrios Colevas, Roland Meier, Suba Krishnan, Xuemin Gu, Jaclyn Neely, John Timmerman, Claire I. Vanpouille-Box, Silvia C. Formenti, Sandra Demaria, Erik Wennerberg, Aranzazu Mediero, Bruce N. Cronstein, Michael P. Gustafson, AriCeli DiCostanzo, Courtney Wheatley, Chul-Ho Kim, Svetlana Bornschlegl, Dennis A. Gastineau, Bruce D. Johnson, Allan B. Dietz, Cameron MacDonald, Mark Bucsek, Guanxi Qiao, Bonnie Hylander, Elizabeth Repasky, William J. Turbitt, Yitong Xu, Andrea Mastro, Connie J. Rogers, Sita Withers, Ziming Wang, Lam T. Khuat, Cordelia Dunai, Bruce R. Blazar, Dan Longo, Robert Rebhun, Steven K. Grossenbacher, Arta Monjazeb, William J. Murphy, Scott Rowlinson, Giulia Agnello, Susan Alters, David Lowe, Nicole Scharping, Ashley V. Menk, Ryan Whetstone, Xue Zeng, Greg M. Delgoffe, Patricia M. Santos, Jian Shi, Greg Delgoffe, Misako Nagasaka, Ammar Sukari, Miranda Byrne-Steele, Wenjing Pan, Xiaohong Hou, Brittany Brown, Mary Eisenhower, Jian Han, Natalie Collins, Robert Manguso, Hans Pope, Yashaswi Shrestha, Jesse Boehm, W. Nicholas Haining, Kyle R. Cron, Ayelet Sivan, Keston Aquino-Michaels, Marco Orecchioni, Davide Bedognetti, Wouter Hendrickx, Claudia Fuoco, Filomena Spada, Francesco Sgarrella, Gianni Cesareni, Francesco Marincola, Kostas Kostarelos, Alberto Bianco, Lucia Delogu, Jessica Roelands, Sabri Boughorbel, Julie Decock, Scott Presnell, Ena Wang, Franco M. Marincola, Peter Kuppen, Michele Ceccarelli, Darawan Rinchai, Damien Chaussabel, Lance Miller, Andrew Nguyen, J. Zachary Sanborn, Charles Vaske, Shahrooz Rabizadeh, Kayvan Niazi, Steven Benz, Shashank Patel, Nicholas Restifo, James White, Sam Angiuoli, Mark Sausen, Sian Jones, Maria Sevdali, John Simmons, Victor Velculescu, Luis Diaz, Theresa Zhang, Jennifer S. Sims, Sunjay M. Barton, Angela Kadenhe-Chiweshe, Filemon Dela Cruz, Andrew T. Turk, Christopher F. Mazzeo, Andrew L. Kung, Jeffrey N. Bruce, Darrell J. Yamashiro, Eileen P. Connolly, Jason Baird, Marka Crittenden, David Friedman, Hong Xiao, Rom Leidner, Bryan Bell, Kristina Young, Michael Gough, Zhen Bian, Koby Kidder, Yuan Liu, Emily Curran, Xiufen Chen, Leticia P. Corrales, Justin Kline, Ethan G. Aguilar, Jennifer Guerriero, Alaba Sotayo, Holly Ponichtera, Alexandra Pourzia, Sara Schad, Ruben Carrasco, Suzan Lazo, Roderick Bronson, Anthony Letai, Richard S. Kornbluth, Sachin Gupta, James Termini, Elizabeth Guirado, Geoffrey W. Stone, Christina Meyer, Laura Helming, Nicholas Wilson, Robert Hofmeister, Natalie J. Neubert, Laure Tillé, David Barras, Charlotte Soneson, Petra Baumgaertner, Donata Rimoldi, David Gfeller, Mauro Delorenzi, Silvia A. Fuertes Marraco, Daniel E. Speiser, Tara S. Abraham, Bo Xiang, Michael S. Magee, Scott A. Waldman, Adam E. Snook, Wojciech Blogowski, Ewa Zuba-Surma, Marta Budkowska, Daria Salata, Barbara Dolegowska, Teresa Starzynska, Leo Chan, Srinivas Somanchi, Kelsey McCulley, Dean Lee, Nico Buettner, Feng Shi, Paisley T. Myers, Stuart Curbishley, Sarah A. Penny, Lora Steadman, David Millar, Ellen Speers, Nicola Ruth, Gabriel Wong, Robert Thimme, David Adams, Mark Cobbold, Remy Thomas, Mariam Al-Muftah, Michael KK Wong, Michael Morse, Joseph I. Clark, Howard L. Kaufman, Gregory A. Daniels, Hong Hua, Tharak Rao, Janice P. Dutcher, Kai Kang, Yogen Saunthararajah, Vamsidhar Velcheti, Vikas Kumar, Firoz Anwar, Amita Verma, Zinal Chheda, Gary Kohanbash, John Sidney, Kaori Okada, Shruti Shrivastav, Diego A. Carrera, Shuming Liu, Naznin Jahan, Sabine Mueller, Ian F. Pollack, Angel M. Carcaboso, Alessandro Sette, Yafei Hou, Hideho Okada, Jessica J. Field, Weiping Zeng, Vincent FS Shih, Che-Leung Law, Peter D. Senter, Shyra J. Gardai, Nicole M. Okeley, Jennifer G. Abelin, Abu Z. Saeed, Stacy A. Malaker, Jeffrey Shabanowitz, Stephen T. Ward, Donald F. Hunt, Pam Profusek, Laura Wood, Dale Shepard, Petros Grivas, Kerstin Kapp, Barbara Volz, Detlef Oswald, Burghardt Wittig, Manuel Schmidt, Julian P. Sefrin, Lars Hillringhaus, Valeria Lifke, Alexander Lifke, Anna Skaletskaya, Jose Ponte, Thomas Chittenden, Yulius Setiady, Eva Sivado, Vincent Thomas, Meddy El Alaoui, Sébastien Papot, Charles Dumontet, Mike Dyson, John McCafferty, Said El Alaoui, Praveen K. Bommareddy, Andrew Zloza, Frederick Kohlhapp, Ann W. Silk, Sachin Jhawar, Tomas Paneque, Jenna Newman, Pedro Beltran, Felicia Cao, Bang-Xing Hong, Tania Rodriguez-Cruz, Xiao-Tong Song, Stephen Gottschalk, Hugo Calderon, Sam Illingworth, Alice Brown, Kerry Fisher, Len Seymour, Brian Champion, Emma Eriksson, Jessica Wenthe, Ann-Charlotte Hellström, Gabriella Paul-Wetterberg, Angelica Loskog, Ioanna Milenova, Magnus Ståhle, Justyna Jarblad-Leja, Gustav Ullenhag, Anna Dimberg, Rafael Moreno, Ramon Alemany, Sharad Goyal, Ann Silk, Janice Mehnert, Nashat Gabrail, Jennifer Bryan, Daniel Medina, Leah Mitchell, Kader Yagiz, Fernando Lopez, Daniel Mendoza, Anthony Munday, Harry Gruber, Douglas Jolly, Steven Fuhrmann, Sasa Radoja, Wei Tan, Aldo Pourchet, Alan Frey, Ian Mohr, Matthew Mulvey, Robert H. I. Andtbacka, Merrick Ross, Sanjiv Agarwala, Kenneth Grossmann, Matthew Taylor, John Vetto, Rogerio Neves, Adil Daud, Hung Khong, Stephanie M. Meek, Richard Ungerleider, Scott Welden, Maki Tanaka, Matthew Williams, Sigrun Hallmeyer, Bernard Fox, Zipei Feng, Christopher Paustian, Carlo Bifulco, Sadia Zafar, Otto Hemminki, Simona Bramante, Lotta Vassilev, Hongjie Wang, Andre Lieber, Silvio Hemmi, Tanja de Gruijl, Anna Kanerva, Tameem Ansari, Srividya Sundararaman, Diana Roen, Paul Lehmann, Anja C. Bloom, Lewis H. Bender, Ian B. Walters, Jay A. Berzofsky, Fanny Chapelin, Eric T. Ahrens, Jeff DeFalco, Michael Harbell, Amy Manning-Bog, Alexander Scholz, Danhui Zhang, Gilson Baia, Yann Chong Tan, Jeremy Sokolove, Dongkyoon Kim, Kevin Williamson, Xiaomu Chen, Jillian Colrain, Gregg Espiritu Santo, Ngan Nguyen, Wayne Volkmuth, Norman Greenberg, William Robinson, Daniel Emerling, Charles G. Drake, Daniel P. Petrylak, Emmanuel S. Antonarakis, Adam S. Kibel, Nancy N. Chang, Tuyen Vu, Dwayne Campogan, Heather Haynes, James B. Trager, Nadeem A. Sheikh, David I. Quinn, Peter Kirk, Murali Addepalli, Thomas Chang, Ping Zhang, Marina Konakova, Katsunobu Hagihara, Steven Pai, Laurie VanderVeen, Palakshi Obalapur, Peiwen Kuo, Phi Quach, Lawrence Fong, Deborah H. Charych, Jonathan Zalevsky, John L. Langowski, Yolanda Kirksey, Ravi Nutakki, Shalini Kolarkar, Rhoneil Pena, Ute Hoch, Stephen K. Doberstein, John Cha, Zach Mallon, Myra Perez, Amanda McDaniel, Snjezana Anand, Darrin Uecker, Richard Nuccitelli, Eva Wieckowski, Ravikumar Muthuswamy, Roshni Ravindranathan, Ariana N. Renrick, Menaka Thounaojam, Portia Thomas, Samuel Pellom, Anil Shanker, Duafalia Dudimah, Alan Brooks, Yu-Lin Su, Tomasz Adamus, Qifang Zhang, Sergey Nechaev, Marcin Kortylewski, Spencer Wei, Clark Anderson, Chad Tang, Jonathan Schoenhals, Efrosini Tsouko, John Heymach, Patricia de Groot, Joe Chang, Kenneth R. Hess, Adi Diab, Padmanee Sharma, David Hong, James Welsh, Andrea J. Parsons, Jardin Leleux, Stephane Ascarateil, Marie Eve Koziol, Dina Bai, Peihong Dai, Weiyi Wang, Ning Yang, Stewart Shuman, Liang Deng, Patrick Dillon, Gina Petroni, David Brenin, Kim Bullock, Walter Olson, Mark E. Smolkin, Kelly Smith, Carmel Nail, Craig L. Slingluff, Meenu Sharma, Faisal Fa’ak, Louise Janssen, Hiep Khong, Zhilan Xiao, Yared Hailemichael, Manisha Singh, Christina Vianden, Willem W. Overwijk, Andrea Facciabene, Pierini Stefano, Fang Chongyung, Stavros Rafail, Michael Nielsen, Peter Vanderslice, Darren G. Woodside, Robert V. Market, Ronald J. Biediger, Upendra K. Marathi, Kevin Hollevoet, Nick Geukens, Paul Declerck, Nathalie Joly, Laura McIntosh, Eustache Paramithiotis, Magnus Rizell, Malin Sternby, Bengt Andersson, Alex Karlsson-Parra, Rui Kuai, Lukasz Ochyl, Anna Schwendeman, James Moon, Weiwen Deng, Thomas E. Hudson, Bill Hanson, Chris S. Rae, Joel Burrill, Justin Skoble, George Katibah, Michele deVries, Peter Lauer, Thomas W. Dubensky, Xin Chen, Li Zhou, Xiubao Ren, Charu Aggarwal, Drishty Mangrolia, Roger Cohen, Gregory Weinstein, Matthew Morrow, Joshua Bauml, Kim Kraynyak, Jean Boyer, Jian Yan, Jessica Lee, Laurent Humeau, Sandra Oyola, Susan Duff, David Weiner, Zane Yang, Mark Bagarazzi, Douglas G. McNeel, Jens Eickhoff, Robert Jeraj, Mary Jane Staab, Jane Straus, Brian Rekoske, Glenn Liu, Marit Melssen, William Grosh, Nikole Varhegyi, Nadejda Galeassi, Donna H. Deacon, Elizabeth Gaughan, Maurizio Ghisoli, Minal Barve, Robert Mennel, Gladice Wallraven, Luisa Manning, Neil Senzer, John Nemunaitis, Masahiro Ogasawara, Shuichi Ota, Kaitlin M. Peace, Diane F. Hale, Timothy J. Vreeland, Doreen O. Jackson, John S. Berry, Alfred F. Trappey, Garth S. Herbert, Guy T. Clifton, Mark O. Hardin, Anne Toms, Na Qiao, Jennifer Litton, George E. Peoples, Elizabeth A. Mittendorf, Lila Ghamsari, Emilio Flano, Judy Jacques, Biao Liu, Jonathan Havel, Vladimir Makarov, Timothy A. Chan, Jessica B. Flechtner, John Facciponte, Stefano Ugel, Francesco De Sanctis, George Coukos, Sébastien Paris, Agnes Pottier, Laurent Levy, Bo Lu, Federica Cappuccini, Emily Pollock, Richard Bryant, Freddie Hamdy, Adrian Hill, Irina Redchenko, Hussein Sultan, Takumi Kumai, Valentyna Fesenkova, Esteban Celis, Ingrid Fernando, Claudia Palena, Justin M. David, Elizabeth Gabitzsch, Frank Jones, James L. Gulley, Mireia Uribe Herranz, Hiroshi Wada, Atsushi Shimizu, Toshihiro Osada, Satoshi Fukaya, Eiji Sasaki, Milad Abolhalaj, David Askmyr, Kristina Lundberg, Ann-Sofie Albrekt, Lennart Greiff, Malin Lindstedt, Dallas B. Flies, Tomoe Higuchi, Wojciech Ornatowski, Jaryse Harris, Sarah F. Adams, Todd Aguilera, Marjan Rafat, Laura Castellini, Hussein Shehade, Mihalis Kariolis, Dadi Jang, Rie vonEbyen, Edward Graves, Lesley Ellies, Erinn Rankin, Albert Koong, Amato Giaccia, Reham Ajina, Shangzi Wang, Jill Smith, Mariaelena Pierobon, Sandra Jablonski, Emanuel Petricoin, Louis M. Weiner, Lorcan Sherry, John Waller, Mark Anderson, Alison Bigley, Chantale Bernatchez, Cara Haymaker, Harriet Kluger, Michael Tetzlaff, Natalie Jackson, Ivan Gergel, Mary Tagliaferri, Patrick Hwu, Mario Snzol, Michael Hurwitz, Theresa Barberi, Allison Martin, Rahul Suresh, David Barakat, Sarah Harris-Bookman, Charles Drake, Alan Friedman, Sara Berkey, Stephanie Downs-Canner, Robert P. Edwards, Tyler Curiel, Kunle Odunsi, Tullia C. Bruno, Brandon Moore, Olivia Squalls, Peggy Ebner, Katherine Waugh, John Mitchell, Wilbur Franklin, Daniel Merrick, Martin McCarter, Brent Palmer, Jeffrey Kern, Dario Vignali, Jill Slansky, Anissa S. H. Chan, Xiaohong Qiu, Kathryn Fraser, Adria Jonas, Nadine Ottoson, Keith Gordon, Takashi O. Kangas, Steven Leonardo, Kathleen Ertelt, Richard Walsh, Mark Uhlik, Jeremy Graff, Nandita Bose, Ravi Gupta, Nitin Mandloi, Kiran Paul, Ashwini Patil, Rekha Sathian, Aparna Mohan, Malini Manoharan, Amitabha Chaudhuri, Yu Chen, Jing Lin, Yun-bin Ye, Chun-wei Xu, Gang Chen, Zeng-qing Guo, Andrey Komarov, Alex Chenchik, Michael Makhanov, Costa Frangou, Yi Zheng, Carla Coltharp, Darryn Unfricht, Ryan Dilworth, Leticia Fridman, Linying Liu, Milind Rajopadhye, Peter Miller, Fernando Concha-Benavente, Julie Bauman, Sumita Trivedi, Raghvendra Srivastava, James Ohr, Dwight Heron, Uma Duvvuri, Seungwon Kim, Heather Torrey, Toshi Mera, Yoshiaki Okubo, Eva Vanamee, Rosemary Foster, Denise Faustman, Edward Stack, Daisuke Izaki, Kristen Beck, Dan Tong Jia, Paul Armenta, Ashley White-Stern, Douglas Marks, Bret Taback, Basil Horst, Laura Hix Glickman, David B. Kanne, Kelsey S. Gauthier, Anthony L. Desbien, Brian Francica, Justin L. Leong, Leonard Sung, Ken Metchette, Shailaja Kasibhatla, Anne Marie Pferdekamper, Lianxing Zheng, Charles Cho, Yan Feng, Jeffery M. McKenna, John Tallarico, Steven Bender, Chudi Ndubaku, Sarah M. McWhirter, Elena Gonzalez Gugel, Charles J. M. Bell, Adiel Munk, Luciana Muniz, Nina Bhardwaj, Fei Zhao, Kathy Evans, Christine Xiao, Alisha Holtzhausen, Brent A. Hanks, Nathalie Scholler, Catherine Yin, Pien Van der Meijs, Andrew M. Prantner, Cecile M. Krejsa, Leia Smith, Brian Johnson, Daniel Branstetter, Paul L. Stein, Juan C. Jaen, Joanne BL Tan, Ada Chen, Timothy Park, Jay P. Powers, Holly Sexton, Guifen Xu, Steve W. Young, Ulrike Schindler, Wentao Deng, David John Klinke, Hannah M. Komar, Gregory Serpa, Omar Elnaggar, Philip Hart, Carl Schmidt, Mary Dillhoff, Ming Jin, Michael C. Ostrowski, Madhuri Koti, Katrina Au, Nichole Peterson, Peter Truesdell, Gillian Reid-Schachter, Charles Graham, Andrew Craig, Julie-Ann Francis, Beatrix Kotlan, Timea Balatoni, Emil Farkas, Laszlo Toth, Mihaly Ujhelyi, Akos Savolt, Zoltan Doleschall, Szabolcs Horvath, Klara Eles, Judit Olasz, Orsolya Csuka, Miklos Kasler, Gabriella Liszkay, Eytan Barnea, Collin Blakely, Patrick Flynn, Reid Goodman, Raphael Bueno, David Sugarbaker, David Jablons, V. Courtney Broaddus, Brian West, Paul R. Kunk, Joseph M. Obeid, Kevin Winters, Patcharin Pramoonjago, Edward B. Stelow, Todd W. Bauer, Osama E. Rahma, Adam Lamble, Yoko Kosaka, Fei Huang, Kate A. Saser, Homer Adams, Christina E. Tognon, Ted Laderas, Shannon McWeeney, Marc Loriaux, Jeffery W. Tyner, Brian J. Druker, Evan F. Lind, Zhuqing Liu, Shanhong Lu, Lawrence P. Kane, Gulidanna Shayan, Julia Femel, Ryan Lane, Jamie Booth, Amanda W. Lund, Anthony Rodriguez, Victor H. Engelhard, Alessandra Metelli, Bill X. Wu, Caroline W. Fugle, Rachidi Saleh, Shaoli Sun, Jennifer Wu, Bei Liu, Zihai Li, Zachary S. Morris, Emily I. Guy, Clinton Heinze, Jasdeep Kler, Monica M. Gressett, Lauryn R. Werner, Stephen D. Gillies, Alan J. Korman, Hans Loibner, Jacquelyn A. Hank, Alexander L. Rakhmilevich, Paul M. Harari, Paul M. Sondel, Erica Huelsmann, Joseph Broucek, Dorothee Brech, Tobias Straub, Martin Irmler, Johannes Beckers, Florian Buettner, Elke Schaeffeler, Matthias Schwab, Elfriede Noessner, Alison Wolfreys, Andre Da Costa, John Silva, Andrea Crosby, Ludovicus Staelens, Graham Craggs, Annick Cauvin, Sean Mason, Alison M. Paterson, Andrew C. Lake, Caroline M. Armet, Rachel W. O’Connor, Jonathan A. Hill, Emmanuel Normant, Ammar Adam, Detlev M. Biniszkiewicz, Scott C. Chappel, Vito J. Palombella, Pamela M. Holland, Annette Becker, Manmohan R. Leleti, Eric Newcomb, Joanne B. L. Tan, Suthee Rapisuwon, Arash Radfar, Kellie Gardner, Geoffrey Gibney, Michael Atkins, Keith R. Rennier, Robert Crowder, Ping Wang, Russell K. Pachynski, Rosa M. Santana Carrero, Sarai Rivas, Figen Beceren-Braun, Scott Anthony, Kimberly S. Schluns, Deepali Sawant, Maria Chikina, Hiroshi Yano, Creg Workman, Elise Salerno, Ileana Mauldin, Donna Deacon, Sofia Shea, Joel Pinczewski, Thomas Gajewski, Stefani Spranger, Brendan Horton, Akiko Suzuki, Pamela Leland, Bharat H. Joshi, Raj K. Puri, Randy F. Sweis, Riyue Bao, Jason Luke, Marie-Nicole Theodoraki, Frances-Mary Mogundo, Haejung Won, Dayson Moreira, Chan Gao, Xingli Zhao, Priyanka Duttagupta, Jeremy Jones, Massimo D’Apuzzo, and Sumanta Pal

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Pharmacology, Cancer Research, medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, medicine.medical_treatment, Immunology, Cancer, Immunotherapy, medicine.disease, 3. Good health, 03 medical and health sciences, 030104 developmental biology, 0302 clinical medicine, Oncology, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Family medicine, Molecular Medicine, Immunology and Allergy, Medicine, business
Abstract

O1 IL-15 primes an mTOR-regulated gene-expression program to prolong anti-tumor capacity of human natural killer cells #### Andreas Lundqvist1, Vincent van Hoef1, Xiaonan Zhang1, Erik Wennerberg2, Julie Lorent1, Kristina Witt1, Laia Masvidal Sanz1, Shuo Liang1, Shannon Murray3, Ola Larsson1

Published
2016
Full Text
View/download PDF

11. Preclinical modelling of immune checkpoint blockade (P2012)

Author

Ross Stewart, Stefanie Mullins, Amanda Watkins, Michelle Morrow, Richard Sainson, Paul Robbins, Theresa La Vallee, and Robert Wilkinson

Subjects
Immunology, Immunology and Allergy
Abstract

Harnessing the power of the immune system to identify and eliminate cancer is a promising area of development in cancer therapy. Increasing T-cell activation, in particular, is now a clinically validated approach to the treatment of cancer. Cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4, CD152) and PD-L1 (B7-H1, CD274) are part of a complex system of receptors and ligands that are involved in limiting T-cell activation through the delivery of inhibitory signals. MedImmune is currently developing tremelimumab (anti-CTLA4) and MEDI4736 (anti-PD-L1), for the treatment of advanced or metastatic solid tumours. Both of these antibodies antagonise T-cell inhibition signals with the aim of enhancing anti-tumor T cell activity. We have established and characterised a panel of syngeneic mouse tumor models and employed these to explore the activity of anti-mouse CTLA-4 and PD-L1 antibodies using pharmacodynamic (PD) and tumor growth inhibition (TGI) endpoints. Published studies characterising the immunogenic nature of some existing cancer therapeutics provide reason to believe that a combination strategy, utilising checkpoint blockade together with current standard of care, or novel therapeutics, could result in increased activity. We have gone on to explore the value of such combinations in preclinical mouse models.

Published
2013
Full Text
View/download PDF

Catalog

Books, media, physical & digital resources
See catalog results