Search

Sewer dysfunction during rainfall causes flooding on the streets, occurred in Malang City in March 2023. The incident was captured by a photojournalist and incorporated into a journalistic work. The photo was published on the official Instagram account @jawaposradarmalang of the local mass media, Jawa Pos Radar Malang. The photojournalistic image serves as a visual message containing meanings conveyed through codes or signs. The purpose of research is to understand the representation of the drainage issue depicted in the photojournalism for social criticism. The interpretive paradigm is employed through descriptive writing. The theory utilized is Roland Barthes' semiotics, consisting of its basic framework and derived procedures for analysis. Its denotative meaning is that water is overflowing from the sewer onto the road, allowing someone to swim. Its connotative meaning is that the flooded streets indicate poor absorption and reflect the government's inadequate performance in managing the drainage system, as well as the community's disregard for proper waste disposal. The myth surrounding it is that the drainage system and road sewers are crucial infrastructures supporting urban planning, public health, and economic mobility.

Abstrak: Penerapan smart campus diharapkan mampu menciptakan pendidikan yang kekinian dan mampu mengantarkan SDM menjadi manusia yang terdidik. Untuk menciptakan smart campus tersebut, diperlukan suatu model yang akan menjadi pedoman atau patokan bagi suatu perguruan tinggi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mendapatkan gambaran pengembangan Smart Campus di Indonesia yang diketahui dari strategi smart education yang diterapkan di Korea dan society 5.0 yang diterapkan di Jepang melalui komparasi keterkaitan antara society 5.0 dengan Smart Education serta SDGs sebagai data tambahan dalam menyusun peran dan strategi perguruan tinggi. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif dengan metode studi kasus. Pengambilan data dilakukan dengan wawancara kepada narasumber yang pernah atau sedang studi di Jepang/Korea. Model smart campus di Jepang yang menerapkan Society 5.0 menekankan pada teknologi yang berujung pada kemandirian dalam belajar. Model smart campus di Korea Selatan menekankan pada teknologi yang berujung pada kemudahan dalam mengakses konten-konten pembelajaran. Sistem teknologi yang terintegrasi membuat proses perkuliahan menjadi nyaman, efektif, dan efesien. Perguruan tinggi di Indonesia mulai menerapkan sistem berbasis teknologi informasi dan komunikasi dalam lingkungan kampus karena didorong dari seluruh civitas akademik di perguruan tinggi yang mengharapkan kenyamanan sehingga pentingnya peranan teknologi.Pengembangan konsep smart campus perlu dilakukan dengan penyesuaian terhadap culture di Indonesia agar nantinya saat konsep tersebut diterapkan secara masif dapat berjalan dengan hasil yang sesuai dan dapat membantu mempermudah penyelenggaraan pendidikan di perguruan tinggi. Abstract: The implementation of the smart campus, it is hoped that it will be able to create up-to-date education and be able to deliver human resources to become educated human beings. To create a smart campus, we need a model that will become a guideline or benchmark for a university. The aim of this research is to get an overview of Smart Campus development in Indonesia which is known from the smart education strategy implemented in Korea and society 5.0 implemented in Japan through a comparison of the relationship between society 5.0 and Smart Education and SDGs as additional data in formulating the role and strategy of higher education. This research uses a qualitative descriptive approach with a case study method. Data collection was carried out by conducting interviews with informants who had or are currently studying in Japan/Korea. The smart campus model in Japan that implements Society 5.0 emphasizes technology which leads to independence in learning. The smart campus model in South Korea emphasizes technology, resulting in easy access to learning content. An integrated technology system makes the lecture process comfortable, effective, and efficient. Universities in Indonesia are starting to implement information and communication technology-based systems in the campus environment because they are encouraged by the entire academic community in tertiary institutions who expect comfort, so the important role of technology is important. The development of the smart campus concept needs to be carried out with adjustments to the culture in Indonesia so that when the concept is implemented on a massive scale it can run with appropriate results and can help facilitate the implementation of education in higher education.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis persepsi generasi Z terhadap efektivitas SMM dalam membangun merek pada institusi pendidikan, khususnya universitas. Secara spesifik, penelitian ini menginvestigasi pengaruh SMM terhadap empat dimensi brand gestalt, yaitu storyscape, sensescape, servicescape, dan stakeholder. Desain penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif kausal, dengan pengumpulan data primer melalui survei terhadap 225 sampel mahasiswa aktif Universitas Klabat. Analisis data dilakukan menggunakan Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) dengan dukungan program statistik SmartPLS. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa SMM memiliki pengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap brand trust. Lebih lanjut, brand trust memiliki pengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap keempat dimensi brand gestalt, yaitu storyscape, sensescape, servicescape, dan stakeholder. Temuan ini memberikan informasi tentang peran penting media sosial dalam membangun persepsi merek yang kuat.

Digital literacy involved in social media management in government is unique and become something important for communicating within the community. With proper management of social media, information about government programs can be disseminated effectively and efficiently and can be directly responded to by the community as social media users. The formulation of the problem in this study is how to manage digital literacy in social media in Lebak Siliwangi and Cimahpar villages. The two urban villages were chosen for consideration as winners of the 2019 West Java Public Relations Cup, and have renewable social media activities. The results of the study concluded that the digital competence of social media managers in the Siliwangi and Cimahpar urban villages was considered sufficient, however, the level of competence was not at the professional level. The ability of social media management officers in the Siliwangi and Cimahpar urban villages is considered sufficient to be able to access and post information to residents. The desire to adopt content processing capabilities does exist but there are limited human resources. In disseminating information, officers are very careful disseminating information, by reconfirming the information to be posted to avoid misinformation.

[Objetivo] El propósito del estudio fue examinar la relación entre autoeficacia matemática y el rendimiento en la prueba nacional de bachillerato en matemáticas, que considera otros predictores psicosociales relevantes y los efectos moderadores del sexo y del centro educativo. [Metodología] El diseño del estudio fue de corte observacional y transversal, con la participación de 487 estudiantes de undécimo año, provenientes de colegios públicos de la Gran Área Metropolitana de Costa Rica. Se aplicaron varios instrumentos para medir: sexismo hostil y benevolente, percepciones de igualdad de género en las habilidades matemáticas, autoeficacia matemática y habilidades de razonamiento. [Resultados] Los resultados del análisis multinivel bayesiano de efectos aleatorios confirmaron las diferencias a favor de los hombres en la medida de autoeficacia, donde el sexo del estudiantado fue un moderador entre la relación de la autoeficacia matemática y el puntaje de la prueba. Además, se encontró que, según el sexo, la asociación entre autoeficacia y rendimiento también se encontró moderada por el centro educativo. [Conclusiones] Entre las conclusiones se destaca que, si el efecto moderador del colegio entre autoeficacia y rendimiento difiere por sexo, esto implica que las acciones dirigidas a promover la autoeficacia no tendrán el mismo resultado en los hombres y en las mujeres, lo que evidencia la necesidad de desarrollar intervenciones diferenciadas.

BackgroundVarenicline and oral nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) have each been shown to increase the likelihood of smoking cessation, but their combination has not been studied. In addition, smoking cessation medication adherence is often poor, thus, challenging the ability to evaluate medication efficacy. ObjectiveThis study examined the effects of combined varenicline and oral NRT and smartphone medication reminders on pharmacotherapy adherence and smoking abstinence among adults enrolled in smoking cessation treatment. MethodsA 2×2 factorial design was used. Participants (N=34) were randomized to (1) varenicline + oral NRT (VAR+NRT) or varenicline alone (VAR) and (2) smartphone medication reminder messages (REM) or no reminder messages (NREM) over 13 weeks. Participants assigned to VAR+REM received varenicline reminder prompts, and those assigned to VAR+NRT+REM also received reminders to use oral NRT. The other 2 groups (VAR+NREM and VAR+NRT+NREM) did not receive medication reminders. Participants were not blinded to intervention groups. All participants received tobacco cessation counseling. Smartphone assessments of smoking as well as varenicline and NRT use (if applicable) were prompted daily through the first 12 weeks after a scheduled quit date. Descriptive statistics were generated to characterize the relations between medication and reminder group assignments with daily smoking, daily varenicline adherence, and daily quantity of oral NRT used. Participants completed follow-up assessments for 26 weeks after the quit date. ResultsParticipants were predominantly White (71%), and half were female (50%). On average, participants were 54.2 (SD 9.4) years of age, they smoked an average of 19.0 (SD 9.0) cigarettes per day and had smoked for 34.6 (SD 12.7) years. Descriptively, participants assigned to VAR+NRT reported more days of smoking abstinence compared to VAR (29.3 vs 26.3 days). Participants assigned to REM reported more days of smoking abstinence than those assigned to NREM (40.5 vs 21.8 days). Participants assigned to REM were adherent to varenicline on more days compared to those assigned to NREM (58.6 vs 40.5 days), and participants assigned to VAR were adherent to varenicline on more days than those assigned to VAR + NRT (50.7 vs 43.3 days). In the subsample of participants assigned to VAR+NRT, participants assigned to REM reported more days where ≥5 pieces of NRT were used than NREM (14.0 vs 7.4 days). Average overall medication adherence (assessed via the Medication Adherence Questionnaire) showed the same pattern as the daily smartphone-based adherence assessments. ConclusionsPreliminary findings indicated that smoking cessation interventions may benefit from incorporating medication reminders and combining varenicline with oral NRT, though combining medications may be associated with poorer adherence. Further study is warranted. Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov NCT03722966; https://classic.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03722966

Abstract Background Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is an inflammation-related cytokine associated with an elevated risk of cardiovascular events. In a previous study, we demonstrated that increased IL-6 was predictive of sub-clinical atherosclerotic coronary disease in intermediate-risk patients undergoing coronary angiography. In the present study, we investigated whether increased serum IL-6 is predictive of cardiovascular events in high-risk patients. Methods In this observational study, consecutive patients referred for elective coronary angiography due to stable chest pain/myocardial ischemia had IL-6 measured immediately before the procedure. Long-term follow-up was performed by phone call or e-mail, and their clinical registries were revised. The primary outcome was a composite of new myocardial infarction, new ischemic stroke, hospitalization due to heart failure, new coronary revascularization, cardiovascular death, and death due to all causes. Results From 141 patients submitted to coronary angiography and IL-6 analysis, 100 had complete follow-up data for a mean of 5.7 years. The median age was 61.1 years, 44% were men, and 61% had type-2 diabetes. The median overall time-to-event for the primary outcome was 297 weeks (95% confidence interval [CI] 266.95–327.16). A receiver operator characteristic curve defined the best cut-off value of baseline serum IL-6 (0.44 pg/mL) with sensitivity (84.37%) and specificity (38.24%) to define two groups. High (> 0.44 pg/mL) IL-6 levels were predictive of cardiovascular events. (p for interaction = 0.015) (hazard ratio = 2.81; 95% CI 1.38–5.72, p = 0.01). Subgroup analysis did not find interactions between patients with or without diabetes, obesity, or hypertension. Conclusion In conclusion, an interleukin-6 level higher than 0.44 pg/mL, obtained just before elective coronary angiography, was associated with a poorer prognosis after a mean of 5,7-year. A pre-procedure IL-6 below 0.44 pg/mL, on the other hand, has a very good negative predictive value, suggesting a good prognosis, and may be useful to better indicate coronary angiography in high-risk patients. .

Background: Tinnitus is a sound precepted without an external sound stimulus. Its background can be categorised into primary and secondary cases. The secondary cases include pathologies of the external, middle and inner ear. Tinnitus can be objective or subjective; the latter can only identified by the sufferer. Previous research results have shown that tinnitus significantly affects the quality of life and daily functioning. Objectives: To analyse the impact of tinnitus on the daily functioning and the possible influence of demographical data and tinnitus duration on it. Methods: 630 patients (265 males and 365 females, 25–85 years of age) suffering from primary tinnitus were enrolled. In the Hungarian language, these patients completed the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI) questionnaire and underwent a complete otorhinolaryngological examination. IBM SPSS V24 software was used for data processing; correlation tests, the Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis non-parametric tests were used. Results: According to the THI questionnaires outcomes, most patients (62.5%) were presented with a mild handicap. Based on statistical analysis, no significant correlation was observed between the total THI points and the age of the patients, along with the duration and localisation of the symptoms. However, the total THI scores of male and female patients significantly differed, indicating higher THI values in the female group (p = 0.00052∗). Conclusions: The tinnitus severity was not affected by the duration, localisation of the symptoms and age but by gender, indicating higher values in the case of females.

Multitasking research in the laboratory is dominated by extremely simplistic dual-task paradigms. Although dual-tasks allow for some variations, they do not compare well to more complex everyday task settings. This study expands a classical dual-task paradigm by adding a third task. The dual-tasks and the triple-task always consisted of the same three single tasks. The aim was to investigate the effects of the combinations of the three single-tasks and in which manner response times and costs increased. Stimulus-response pairings were varied either once within participants (E1) or between participants (E2). Our results showed that the increase in response time from dual-tasks to triple-tasks was only 43% of the increase from single-tasks to dual-tasks suggesting a non-linear cost of adding tasks. Moreover, response times in each subtask were higher in triple-task situations compared to single-task or dual-task situations. This is in contrast to classical dual-tasks, in which typically only one of the two responses is delayed. Cognitively, for costs in triple-tasks, unlike in dual-tasks, task coordination seems to play a larger role compared to the classically suggested relationships between stimulus and response in terms of their modality- and ideomotor-compatibility which we will discuss. Overall, the study demonstrates that current multitasking research is limited in its generalizability by focusing only on dual-tasks and would benefit from research with more complex task settings.

Conducting behavioral experiments online has become more prevalent recently. Still, there is reluctance to embrace the possibilities this technology has to offer. So far, only simple tasks have been replicated in an online setting. In order to investigate whether collecting online also leads to high quality data in demanding tasks, we directly compared data collected in the lab with data collected online from a demanding dual-task paradigm and a psychological refractory period paradigm. In Experiment 1, we recruited from local pools, online and offline; in Experiment 2, we collected lab data from our local pool and online data from a remote commercial participant platform. We found that all relevant effects were replicated in the lab and online settings; effect sizes were similar. Additionally, most response time distributions were even statistically equivalent when comparing online and lab data. Thus, online effect sizes and variances can be comparable to lab-based data. Online studies are time-efficient and recruiting an online sample instead or on top of a laboratory sample should be considered for basic behavioral research. This can serve an important role in the generalizability and replicability of findings in the cognitive and behavioral sciences.

Objectives: Stance and gait unsteadiness along with vertigo contribute to a central vestibular disorder. For objective analysis ultrasound-computer-craniocorpography (US-COMP-CCG) can be used. Aim of the study was to characterize the unsteadiness in central vestibular disorders and discuss the possible diagnostic usage of US-COMP-CCG. Methods and results: Hundred-and-ninety patients (70 male and 120 female, mean age ± SD, 58.94 ± 15.27) suffering from central vestibular disorder and 230 healthy control patients (78 male and 152 female, mean age ± SD, 50.94 ± 15.27) were enrolled. Stance and gait analysis was according to vestibulospinal tests of US-COMPCCG. IBM SPSS V24 software was used for statistical analysis. Mann-WhitneyU test and Chi-square test were used, along with sensitivity and specificity categorization. The significance level was p

Background: Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) is characterized by vertigo lasting from seconds to minutes, induced by head movements. Objectives: Our study aimed to investigate the clinical significance of the caloric vestibular and video head-impulse tests (vHIT) diagnosing the disorder. Methods: 68 patients suffering from posterior canal BPPV (25 male, 43 females, mean age ± SD, 54.5 ± 13.2 years) and 56 patients with a normal functioning vestibular system as control were investigated. Bithermal caloric test and vHIT was performed during the same medical check-up. Canal paresis (CP%), gain (GA) and asymmetry (GA%) parameters were calculated. Results: The Dix-Hallpike manoeuvre was only positive in 4% of this population. The CP% parameter was only pathologic in two patients, and there was no significant difference between control and BPPV patients (p = 0.76). The GA value was never under 0.8 in this population, but GA% was abnormal in 63.2%. A significant difference comparing the GA% values to the control group was seen (p = 0.034). There was no correlation detected between the CP% and GA% values in BPPV. Regarding the GA% value, 61% sensitivity and 76% specificity was seen. Conclusion: The Dix-Hallpike manoeuvre was not often positive in the non-acute phase of BPPV; therefore, objective testing is essential. The caloric test does not have clinical significance in BPPV, but vHIT can be helpful based on the GA% parameter.

Patients suffering from herpes zoster virus (HZV) may exhibit a variety of symptoms regarding cochleovestibular dysfunction. Among those include vertigo, hearing loss and others include facial paralysis. The function of all three semicircular canals can be examined using video-head-impulse test (vHIT), and as a result, gain parameter, which is the ratio of velocity of head and eye movements can be determined.In this article, a case report of a 58-year-old female with an infectious complication of HZV is presented, who only suffered from vertigo episodes, but no other accompanied symptoms. The patient was complaining of ear pain on the right side, and during her examination, HZV infection was diagnosed, therefore, oral acyclovir antiviral therapy was indicated. Post-hospitalization she was complaining of vertigo, thus, neurotologic examination using vHIT was carried out. Based on vHIT, significant hypofunction of all three canals was detected on the right side, with almost normal function on the left side. Hence, intravenous steroid therapy followed by oral steroid treatment was indicated for the overall time of two weeks. At the end of the treatment, a vHIT follow-up examination was conducted, and a significant improvement of the semicircular canals function was detected, also with subjective improvement of the symptoms.This case highlights the necessity of thorough examination of the patients, and to reinforce the need of treatment by using steroid agents in patients with herper zoster oticus.

Objective This study analyzed the possible effects of intratympanic steroid (ITS) therapy in the symptomatic treatment of vertigo attacks in patients with Ménière’s disease. Methods Thirty-five patients treated with ITS (dexamethasone) plus betahistine (Group A) and 35 patients treated with betahistine alone (Group B) were enrolled in this investigation. Complaints were analyzed using medical records and vertigo diaries. Statistical analysis was conducted using IBM SPSS V24 software. Results Based on the analysis, there were no significant differences in baseline features between the two groups. When the occurrence of vertigo attacks was compared using the Kaplan–Meier method, no significant difference was detected between Groups A and B (odds ratio [OR] = 1.051, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.965–1.067; p = 0.972). In addition, no difference in the incidence of vertigo attacks was noted in group A between the periods of treatment with betahistine alone and betahistine plus ITS when the groups were analyzed via logistic regression (OR = 1.07, 95% CI = 0.065–1.467; p = 0.614). Conclusion It can be concluded that the addition of ITS therapy to betahistine did not improve outcomes in patients with Ménière’s disease. Further prospective studies should be conducted to analyze the results in a more detailed manner.

ObjectiveKawasaki disease (KD) is the most common cause of acquired pediatric heart disease in the developed world. 10% of KD patients are resistant to front-line therapy, and no interventions exist to address secondary complications such as myocardial fibrosis. We sought to identify proteins and pathways associated with disease and anti-IL-1 treatment in a mouse model of KD.MethodsVasculitis was induced via Lactobacillus casei cell wall extract (LCWE) injection in 5-week-old male mice. Groups of mice were injected with LCWE alone, LCWE and IL-1 receptor antagonist anakinra, or saline for controls. Upper heart tissue was assessed by quantitative mass spectrometry analysis. Expression and activation of STAT3 was assessed by immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence and Western blot, and IL-6 expression by RNA-seq and ELISA. A STAT3 small molecular inhibitor and anti-IL-6R antibody were used to evaluate the role of STAT3 and IL-6 in disease development.ResultsSTAT3 was highly expressed and phosphorylated in cardiac tissue of LCWE-injected mice, and reduced following anakinra treatment. Il6 and Stat3 gene expression was enhanced in abdominal aorta of LCWE-injected mice and reduced with Anakinra treatment. IL-6 serum levels were enhanced in LCWE-injected mice and normalized by anakinra. However, neither inhibition of STAT3 nor blockade of IL-6 altered disease development.ConclusionProteomic analysis of cardiac tissues demonstrates differential protein expression between KD-like, control and anakinra treated cardiac tissue. STAT3 and IL-6 were highly upregulated with LCWE and normalized by anakinra treatment. However, both STAT3 and IL-6 were dispensable for disease development indicating they may be bystanders of inflammation.

Introduction: Ménière’s Disease (MD) is associated with rotatory vertigo, unstable levels of hearing, tinnitus, along with vegetative symptoms and postural instability. Progressive hearing loss can be treated in part successfully with Intratympanic Steroid (ITS) (dexamethasone) injection. Aim: To investigate the effects of ITS treatment on vestibular system in MD. Materials and Methods: This retrospective case-control study, was conducted at Semmelweis University, Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery during the period of January 2018 to March 2020. Study involved 120 patients data suffering from advanced MD. Thirty-eight patients suffering from advanced stage of MD received ITS treatment along with 82 patients with advanced MD that were treated with conservative treatment based on international guidelines. The results of vestibular function tests using ultrasound-computercraniocorpography (US-COMP-CCG) before and after administration of ITS injection were compared, using MannWhitney U test and Logistic Regression. To analyse the baseline characteristic of the control and treated groups, Mann-Whitney U test and Chi-square test were applied. Results: Based on the comparison between the baseline characteristic of the control and ITS groups, there was no significant difference detected in case of the US-COMP-CCG parameters, nor was it when the distribution of age groups and gender were contrasted. When the distribution of US-COMPCCG parameters before and after the steroid treatment were contrasted using boxplots, there was no obvious difference between the parameters, which was also strengthened by the non-significant statistical difference. In case of the parameters of stepping test the same outcome was detected. Comparing the boxplots of the parameters of both tests after the treatment and of the control group, no significant difference was detected. Long-term follow-up data analysis was carried out using Kaplan-Meier curve and Logistic Regression, and there was no statistically significant difference between the treated and nontreated groups {p=0.445; Odds ratio: 1.654 (95% CI: 0.166- 0.197)}. Conclusion: Based on US-COMP-CCG, the ITS injection seems to have no impact on the vestibular system, although seems to be efficient in the management of some cases of MD.

Cattle farming becomes more intensive when the productive efficiency of the cows is increased, and nutrition is adjusted to the animal biotype. Eighty purebred Charolais and Nellore cows and their crosses between 3 and 7 years of age, were grouped for body weight at calving into Light (332.6 kg), Moderate (385.3 kg) and Heavy (444.6 kg). Cows and their calves were weighed at calving, at 63 days (early weaning) and at 210 days. The estimated milk production of the cows was evaluated by manual milking at 21, 42 and 63 days postpartum. The difference in the weight of the cows at calving was maintained during lactation and at 210 days postpartum. The body size of the cow did not influence milk production. Heavier cows produce heavier calves up to 365 days of age compared to lighter cows. The reproductive performance of the cows is not affected by their weight. The production of kilograms of calf for every 100 kilograms of cow at calving and weaning is higher in Light cows. The production of kilograms of calf adjusted for the pregnancy rate of the cows is higher in Heavy cows. Production efficiency in kilograms of calf per area is lower in Heavy cows.

Purpose – Green business awareness has been steadily increasing among employers and guests, and a large number of green certificates for hotels are being developed around the world. However, Croatia has only about 40 certified green hotels with a "Sustainable Hotels" certificate. The purpose of this paper is to investigate whether these certified hotels operate in an energy- efficient way, and discover what the managers’ attitudes are towards hotel energy management. Design/Methodology – This study was conducted by sending an e-mail-based questionnaire to Croatian hotels with a “Sustainable Hotel” certificate. The questionnaire, based on a comprehensive literature review, was administered in two stages, and consisted of two groups of questions. The first group used closed-ended questions with a Likert scale, ranging from 1 (worst) to 5 (best). The second group used open-ended questions meant to explore the views of energy efficiency managers. Findings – When it comes to energy efficiency, Croatian hotels have not yet reached the EU level, but there is great potential for responsible energy management development. The results of this survey point to the fact that some hotels in Croatia see significant benefits in terms of attracting ecologically conscious guests, but also lower operating costs. From the questionnaires, it can be concluded that managers and hoteliers are insufficiently informed about energy efficiency or the measures necessary to achieve satisfactory energy savings in general. Originality of the research – Even without applying for the actual eco-label, eco-labelling criteria can be used as guidelines for improving the energy efficiency performance of a hotel. The obtained results represent a relevant information base necessary for managing energy savings and energy efficiency.

Introduction: Early reperfusion therapy is crucial in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Off-hours hospital presentation may increase the time from pain to coronary reperfusion, and it may be responsible for increased cardiovascular outcomes. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of different times of presentation (on- and off-hours) on early mortality and major cardiovascular outcomes in patients with STEMI who underwent primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Methods: We have included consecutive patients with STEMI who underwent primary PCI between April 2011 and November 2016 in a tertiary university hospital in southern Brazil. Patients were divided into on- and off-hours admission. In-hospital and 30-day outcomes were evaluated. Results: A total of 301 patients (57.4%) were admitted during off-hours, and 223 (42.5%) during on-hours. Baseline characteristics were well balanced between the two groups. Median door-to-balloon time was higher in the off-hours group than in the on-hours group: 75 min (IQR 60-95) vs. 60 min (IQR 50-73.7) respectively (p < 0.001). In-hospital mortality was similar between groups (odds ratio [OR] = 0.56; 95% confidence interval [95%CI] 0.31-1.03; p = 0.06) and at 30-day follow-up (OR = 0.2; 95%CI 0.02-1.72 p = 0.14). In the matched cohort, no difference was found in the rates of in-hospital mortality (OR = 2.0; 95%CI 0.75-5.32; p = 0.16) and 30-day MACE (OR= 0.9; 95%CI 0.49-1.66; p = 0.75). Conclusions: In our center with PCI available 24/7 – without in-house staff – we did not observe any difference in patient characteristics, management, and outcomes, although a significant longer door-to-balloon time was found in patients treated during night shifts. Our results are consistent with those of other trials. Keywords: Myocardial infarction; percutaneous coronary intervention; system delay

The work promoted a gerontological action through anonymous letters that provided intergenerational link between institutionalized elderly and high school students. Allowed the inclusion of the elderly aiming positive impact on their depression and provided positive promotion on aging to the students. The intervention showed the possibility to establish links between the elderly and the young students, improving their sense of belonging, self-efficacy and better self-esteem.

Indicadores de atitudes etárias representados por categorização e identificação etária e suas relações com variáveis sociodemográficas e de saúde física e emocional foram investigados entre idosos residentes na comunidade. A amostra foi composta por 302 idosos participantes do Estudo FIBRA - Fragilidade em Idosos Brasileiros (Pólo Universidade Estadual de Campinas [Unicamp]; M = 72,3 anos; DP = 5,76; 64,6% mulheres), com escolaridade média de 3,32 anos (DP = 2,61) e renda de um a três salários mínimos (53,7%). A existência e atribuição de idade para início da velhice foram tomadas como indicadoras de categorização etária e o autorrelato de sentir-se idoso indicou identificação etária. Embora a maior parte dos idosos tenha atribuído uma idade para esse início (M = 62,3 anos; DP = 14,66), a maioria (60,3%) não se identificou como pertencente a essa categoria etária. Escolaridade, fragilidade e satisfação com a vida revelaram ser importantes preditores dessas atitudes em relação à velhice.

Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) is the most common genetic cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD). The most common cause of death in patients with this condition is cardiovascular disease, mainly due to hypertension and its consequences. We report a case of a 42-year-old male patient with polycystic kidney disease who developed a giant thrombus entrapped by a patent foramen ovale after an acute myocardial infarction. Keywords: Acute myocardial infarction; patent foramen ovale; thrombus-in-transit

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos de intensidades de pastejo na terminação de novilhos superprecoces, em pastagens de inverno em sucessão à soja. Foram avaliadas diferentes alturas de pré-pastejo de pastos mistos de azevém e aveia: 10, 20, 30 e 40 cm. Empregou-se o delineamento de blocos ao acaso, com três repetições. Foram utilizados machos mestiços de raças de corte, inteiros, com idade de 10 meses e peso médio inicial de 192±12 kg. As seguintes variáveis foram avaliadas: massa e oferta de forragem, altura do pasto, taxa de acúmulo diário e acúmulo total de forragem, ganho de peso médio diário (GMD), carga animal e ganho de peso vivo por unidade de área (GPA), além de características qualitativas de carcaça. Os novilhos foram abatidos aos 14 meses de idade. O GMD ajustou-se a um modelo de regressão quadrático e teve o ponto de máximo desempenho entre 20 e 25 cm de altura de pré-pastejo, enquanto o GPA ajustou-se a um modelo linear negativo. A qualidade da carcaça dos novilhos foi satisfatória, quando os pastos foram manejados em alturas superiores a 10 cm. É possível produzir carcaças de novilhos superprecoces, na fase de pastagem de sistemas integrados de produção, durante o inverno, em sucessão à soja. O manejo de pastos mistos de azevém e aveia, em alturas entre 20 e 25 cm, otimiza o desempenho animal individual e por área.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a recria de borregas em pastagem de azevém anual (Lolium multiflorum) em sucessão a lavouras de milho ou soja, manejadas em intensidades de pastejo moderada ou baixa, com métodos de pastoreio rotativo ou contínuo. Utilizou-se o delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso em arranjo fatorial 2 intensidades x 2 métodos de pastoreio, com quatro repetições. Não houve interação entre os métodos e as intensidades de pastejo. A intensidade de pastejo baixa determinou maior massa média de forragem e altura do pasto. A altura e a massa de forragem foram maiores no pastoreio rotativo. Não houve diferença para ganho médio diário. Houve diferença significativa para carga animal para o método rotativo e a intensidade de pastejo moderada. O ganho de peso por hectare foi maior para intensidade de pastejo moderada. A intensidade de pastejo e o método de pastoreio empregados não afetaram a produtividade de soja ou milho em sucessão. A forragem disponível é a principal determinante da produtividade do sistema integrado, independentemente do método de pastoreio.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar possíveis alterações na densidade e na porosidade total do solo, em razão do pisoteio de cordeiros, sob diferentes manejos, após as culturas de verão em plantio direto. O experimento foi realizado em Argissolo Vermelho distrófico argiloso, nas camadas 0-2,5, 2,5-5 e 5-10 cm, em pastagem de azevém anual manejada com ofertas de forragem de 2,5 ou 5,0 vezes o potencial de consumo dos animais, em lotação contínua e rotacionada. Como testemunha, utilizou-se uma área não pastejada. As intensidades de pastejo e os métodos de pastoreio não tiveram efeito sobre a densidade e a porosidade total do solo. É possível utilizar, durante o inverno, áreas com este tipo de textura do solo, com culturas de cobertura para pastejo de cordeiros, sem que as alterações nos atributos físicos do solo, pelo pisoteio animal, atinjam níveis prejudiciais para as culturas subsequentes.

Foi avaliado o desenvolvimento de bezerras de corte recebendo diferentes níveis diários de suplemento concentrado: 0,0; 0,3; 0,6 e 0,9% do peso corporal em pastagem de aveia preta (Avena strigosa Schreb.) e azevém (Lolium multiflorum Lam.). O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente casualizado, com quatro tratamentos e duas repetições de área. As bezerras tiveram condições similares de disponibilidade de pasto (massa de forragem e oferta de lâminas verdes) em todos os tratamentos. Aumentos na quantidade fornecida de suplemento interferiram positivamente no ganho médio diário, na carga animal, no ganho de peso por área e na eficiência de transformação da forragem. Bezerras suplementadas apresentaram maior peso corporal e maior escore de condição corporal aos 13 meses de idade em relação às não suplementadas. Em aveia preta e azevém, fornecer até 0,9% do peso corporal dos animais em suplementação concentrada é uma alternativa para serem obtidas novilhas mais pesadas e com melhor escore de condição corporal.It was evaluated the performance of beef heifers receiving different levels of supplement: 0; 0.3; 0.6 and 0.9% of body weight day-1, in black oats (Avena strigosa Schreb.) plus Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) pasture. The experimental design was completely randomized with four treatments and two area replicates. Beef heifers from different treatments had access to the same forage allowance (herbage mass and supply of green leaves). Increases on supplement quantity positively interfered on average daily gain, stocking rate, weight gain per area and forage transformation efficiency. Supplemented heifers had greater weight and body condition at 13 months of age than the non supplemented ones. In black oats plus Italian ryegrass pasture, providing up to 0.9% of body weight of the animal concentrate supplementation is an alternative for obtaining heavier heifers and in better body condition score.

Monitoraram-se variáveis relacionadas à produção e à estrutura de pastos de aveia-preta (Avena strigosa, Schreb) e azevém (Lolium multiflorum, Lam) manejados em quatro alturas (10, 20, 30 e 40 cm), em pastejo contínuo com lotação variável (put and take). Utilizaram-se novilhos de corte mestiços de aproximadamente 10 meses de idade com peso médio inicial de 190 kg, em delineamento de blocos completos casualizados com três repetições. Investigou-se o tipo de distribuição das frequências de altura em seis datas, bem como o potencial de predição da massa seca de forragem por meio da altura do pasto. A massa de forragem aumentou de forma linear de acordo com a altura do pasto: cada 1 cm de aumento na altura acima de 10 cm correspondeu a um acréscimo de cerca de 107 kg de MS/ha na massa de forragem. Não houve efeito da altura do pasto na taxa de acúmulo (55,8 kg de MS/ha.dia) nem na produção total de matéria seca (8.210 kg de MS/ha). A distribuição das frequências ajustou ao modelo normal em apenas uma das 96 séries analisadas. A distribuição tipo Gamma foi a que mais frequentemente se ajustou aos dados de altura do pasto, porém, uma vez iniciado o pastejo, a heterogeneidade no pasto foi tão alta que a distribuição das alturas não se ajustou a nenhum dos modelos estudados. É possível estimar a massa seca de forragem existente no pasto por meio de sua altura média, assim, sugere-se estabelecer alturas variáveis ao longo do ciclo de pastejo, com o intuito de se administrar a heterogeneidade causada pelo animal.It was monitored variables related to production and structure of oat (Avena strigosa Schreb) and ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam) pastures managed at four sward heights (10, 20, 30, and 40 cm) on continuous grazing with variable stocking (put and take). It was used crossbred beef steers at approximately 10 months of age and an average initial weight 190 kg in a complete random block design with three replicates. The type of sward height distribution in six different sample dates as well as the forage dry mass prediction through sward heights were investigated. Forage mass linearly increased according to the sward height: for each 1-cm increase of the height above 10 cm, there was an approximately 107 kg DM/ha addition in the forage mass. There was no effect of sward height on the accumulation rate (55.8 kg DM/ha) neither on the dry matter total production (8,210 kg of DM/ha). Frequency distributions fitted to the normal model in only one out of the 96 analyzed data series. Gamma type distribution was the one that was the most frequently adjusted to sward height data, however, once grazing was started, pasture heterogeneity was so high that height distribution did not fit any of the investigated models. It is possible to estimate forage dry mass on the pasture by its average height so it is suggested to establish variable heights over the grazing cycle aiming to manage the heterogeneity caused by the animal.

Objetivou-se estudar comportamento e o temperamento de ovinos de três raças (Suffolk, Texel, Ile de France) submetidas a dois métodos de pastejo (contínuo e rotacionado), com duas ofertas de forragem (10 e 20 kg de MS de pastagem de azevém/100 kg de peso vivo/dia) durante quatro avaliações, entre agosto e novembro de 2006. Utilizou-se o delineamento completamente casualizado em parcelas subsubdivididas, de modo que os métodos de pastejo e as ofertas de forragem constituíram as parcelas, as raças as subparcelas e os dias de avaliação as subsubparcelas. Foram utilizadas 48 fêmeas ovinas com peso médio inicial de 27,59 kg e idade entre 15 e 25 meses. Na avaliação do temperamento, efetuaram-se medidas comportamentais pelo teste de arena, tipo de marcha e tempo de fuga e atributos fisiológicos, como temperatura corporal e frequências cardiorrespiratórias. No método contínuo com baixa oferta de forragem, observou-se maior número de micções. Conforme as avaliações ocorreram, houve aumento da movimentação, das tentativas de fuga, mas menor número de vocalizações durante o isolamento. A raça Ile de France apresentou maior número de tentativas de fuga e de dejeções durante o isolamento. No pastejo rotacionado com alta oferta de forragem, o ganho de peso foi menor. A movimentação no isolamento e na presença do observador foi negativamente relacionada ao ganho de peso. As variáveis descritoras do temperamento apresentaram baixa repetibilidade. O temperamento dos ovinos foi modificado principalmente pelo dia de avaliação e pela raça, ao contrário do sistema de pastejo e da oferta de pasto, embora esses fatores tenham apresentado interação com os dias de avaliação e a raça do animal.This work aimed to study the temperament and the behavior of three sheep breeds (Suffolk, Texel, Ile de France) submitted to two grazing methods (continuous and rotational) with two forage supplies (10 and 20 kg of Italian ryegrass DM/100 kg body weight/day) during four evaluations from August to November 2006. A random block design was used with split-plots, so the grazing methods and forage supplies were the plots, breeds were the sub-plots, and days of evaluation were the sub-sub-plots. It was used 48 ewe lambs with 27.59 kg of initial weight at 15 to 25 months of age. For evaluation of temperament, behavioral measures were taken by the arena test, and qualitative and quantitative flight time test, and physiological attributes such as body temperature and cardiorespiratory rates. For continuous method with low forage supply, it was observed a higher number of urination events. As evaluations were carried out, physical activity and flight events increased, but number of vocalization decreased during social isolation. Ile de France breed showed higher number of flight attempts and excretion events during social isolation. In the rotational grazing method with high forage supply, weight gain was lower. Physical activity during social isolation and at the observer presence was negatively related to weight gain. Variables used to describe the temperament showed low consistency. The temperament of sheep is mainly affected by evaluation day and breed, unlike grazing method and forage supply, although these factors show interaction with evaluation days and breed.

Avaliou-se o comportamento ingestivo de novilhas de corte recebendo suplemento em pastagem de aveia preta (Avena strigosa Schreb.) e azevém (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) sob lotação contínua. Como tratamentos, foram avaliadas quatro estratégias de suplementação: sem suplemento - animais em pastagem de aveia (AV) e azevém (AZ); crescente - animais em pastagem de AV e AZ recebendo níveis crescentes de suplemento (0,3; 0,6 e 0,9% do peso vivo -PV); fixo - animais em pastagem de AV e AZ recebendo nível fixo de suplemento (0,9% PV); e decrescente - animais em pastagem de AV e AZ recebendo níveis decrescentes (1,5; 1,2 e 0,9% do PV) de suplemento. As características estruturais (massa de forragem, massa de forragem verde, oferta de forragem, oferta de lâminas foliares verdes, relação folha:colmo, proporção de lâminas foliares e colmos + bainhas de aveia e proporção de lâminas foliares e colmos + bainhas de azevém) e bromatológicas (proteína bruta, digestibilidade in vitro da matéria orgânica, nutrientes digestíveis totais e fibra em detergente neutro) do pasto foram semelhantes entre as estratégias de suplementação, mas variaram conforme os períodos de utilização do pasto. Os tempos diários de pastejo, ruminação e ócio e de permanência no cocho (min/dia) e a massa de bocado (g MO/boc) diferiram entre as estratégias de suplementação e as características do pasto no decorrer do ciclo. A taxa de bocado/minuto foi influenciada apenas pelo ciclo do pasto.It was evaluated the ingestive behavior of beef heifers on black oats (Avena strigosa Schreb.) and Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) pastures under different strategies of supplementation and continuous stocking system. The treatments evaluated were: 'no supplement'- animals on black oats (BO) and Italian ryegrass (IR) pasture; 'increasing' - animals on BO and IR pasture receiving increasing levels (0.3, 0.6, and 0.9% of live weight - LW) of supplement; 'fixed' - animals on BO and IR pasture receiving 0.9% of LW of supplement; and 'decreasing' - animals on BO and IR pasture receiving decreasing (1.5, 1.2, and 0.9% of LW) levels of supplement. Structural sward characteristics (herbage mass, green herbage mass, herbage allowance, leaf blade allowance, leaf:stem ratio, and proportion of oats leaf blade and stem + sheath and proportion of ryegrass leaf blade and stem + sheath) and nutritive value (crude protein concentration, in vitro organic matter digestibility, total digestible nutrients, and neutral detergent fiber) were similar among strategies of supplementation and varied with pasture utilization periods. Daily grazing time, ruminating time, idling time, time spent near the trough (min/day), and bite mass (g OM/bite) varied with strategies of supplementation and sward characteristics. The biting rate/min was influenced only by grazing cycle.

Este trabalho foi conduzido com o objetivo de avaliar a composição botânica da pastagem e o comportamento ingestivo diurno de bezerras de corte recebendo diferentes níveis de suplemento. Os animais foram mantidos em pastagem de aveia preta (Avena strigosa Schreb.) e azevém (Lolium multiflorum Lam.), recebendo ração comercial nos níveis de 0; 0,3; 0,6 e 0,9% do peso vivo (PV). Em quatro datas, foram registradas as atividades diurnas de pastejo, ruminação, ócio, número de visitas e tempo de permanência no cocho e taxa de bocadas. Com aumento dos níveis de suplemento, houve redução no tempo de pastejo e aumento no tempo de ócio (P0,05). A composição botânica e estrutural da pastagem é influenciada pelos níveis de suplemento utilizados e o ciclo de produção das forrageiras.The trial was conducted aiming to evaluate pasture botanical composition and diurnal ingestive behavior of beef heifers receiving different supplement levels. The animals were kept in black oats (Avena strigosa Schreb.) and Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) pasture, receiving 0; 0.3; 0.6 and 0.9% of live weight (LW) of supplement. The supplement utilized was a commercial ration. In four dates were registrated diurnal activities of grazing, ruminating, idle, number of visits and trough permanence time and bite rate. Increasing supplement levels reduced grazing time and increased idle time (P0.05). Botanical and structural composition of pasture were influenced by supplement levels and related with herbage production cycle (P>0.05).

O experimento foi conduzido com objetivo de avaliar a produção de novilhas de corte em duas cultivares de aveia preta (Avena strigosa Schreb): "Comum" e "IAPAR 61" em mistura com azevém (Lolium multiflorum Lam.). Foram avaliadas a massa de forragem (MF), oferta de forragem (OF), taxa de acúmulo diário de matéria seca (TA), carga animal (CA), ganho médio diário (GMD), ganho de peso vivo por hectare (GPA), proteína bruta (PB) e digestibilidade in vitro da matéria orgânica (DIVMO). As cultivares avaliadas não diferiram (P>0,05) para TA, CA, GMD, GPA e PB. A DIVMO de IAPAR 61 manteve valores mais elevados durante um período mais prolongado da estação de crescimento da pastagem. A cultivar de aveia preta IAPAR 61 pode ser indicada para utilização sob pastejo no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul.This work aimed at evaluating the production of beef heifers in two cultivars of black oats (Avena strigosa Schreb): 'Comum' and 'IAPAR 61' mixed with Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam). The variables evaluated were: forage mass (FM), forage on offer (FO), daily accumulation of dry matter (FAD), stocking rate (SR), average daily gain (ADG), live weight gain (LWG), crude protein (CP) and in vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD). No effects (P>0.05) were detected on FAD, SR, DAP, LWG and CP for the two cultivars. The IVOMD of 'IAPAR 61' presented highest values during a more extended period in growing season of pasture. The 'IAPAR 61' cultivar can be indicated for use under grazing in Rio Grande do Sul State.

O efeito de duas disponibilidades de forragem (DF), 1.200 e 1.500 kg/ha de matéria seca (MS), e do uso da suplementação energética no desempenho de novilhas de corte em pastagem de aveia preta (Avena strigosa Schreb) mais azevém (Lolium multiflorum Lam) foi avaliado. As novilhas foram alocadas em quatro combinações: DFBN - disponibilidade de forragem (DF) baixa, sem suplementação; DFAN - DF alta, sem suplementação; DFBS - DF baixa + suplementação; DFAS - DF alta + suplementação. O suplemento utilizado foi grão de sorgo moído, na proporção de 0,7% do peso vivo (PV) por dia. O método de pastejo foi contínuo, com lotação variável, utilizando-se três repetições de área por combinação. As variáveis estudadas foram: oferta de forragem (OF), ganho de peso médio diário (GMD), condição corporal (CC), peso vivo dos animais aos 12 meses de idade, proteína bruta e digestibilidade in vitro da matéria orgânica da forragem aparentemente consumida. A OF com disponibilidade de forragem alta (DFA) foi superior àquela com disponibilidade de forragem baixa (DFB), com valores de 11 e 8 kg de MS/100 kg de PV, respectivamente. A suplementação afetou o GMD e CC. O GMD foi, em média, de 0,778 e 0,559 kg/animal/dia para as novilhas suplementadas e exclusivamente sob pastejo, respectivamente. A CC elevou linearmente durante o período de pastejo. O desempenho das novilhas recebendo suplementação melhorou 0,9 pontos (R² = 96%) e o das exclusivamente em pastagem, 0,4 pontos na CC (R² = 74%), com ganhos de 115 e 187 kg/ponto adicional na CC, respectivamente. A redução na massa de forragem de 1.500 para 1.200 kg/ha de MS não alterou o desempenho de novilhas. Animais suplementados apresentaram maior ganho de peso e melhor condição corporal que os exclusivamente em pastagem.The effect of two herbage masses (HM) (1,200 or 1,500 kg/ha of dry matter - DM) and use of energy supplementation on performance of beef heifers grazing oat (Avena strigosa Schreb) plus annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam) was evaluated. The heifers were assigned to the following treatments: LHMNS - low herbage mass, no supplementation; HHMNS - high herbage mass, no supplementation; LHMS - low herbage mass + supplementation;HHMS - high herbage mass + supplementation. The supplement utilized was ground sorghum grain, at the level of 0.7% of body weight (BW) per day. The grazing method was continuous with variable stocking rate; there were three replications per treatment combination. The variables evaluated were: forage allowance (FA), average daily weight gain (ADG), body condition (BC), body weight of animals at 12 months of age (BLW), crude protein and 'in vitro' digestibility of hand plucked herbage samples. The FA in HHM was greater than in LHM treatment, with values of 11 and 8 kg of DM/100 kg of BW, respectively. Supplementation affected ADG and BC. The ADG were 0.778 and 0.559 kg/animal/day for supplemented and not supplemented heifers, respectively. The BC increased linearly during the grazing period. Supplemented heifers body condition increased by 0.9 points (R2=96%) and those exclusively on pasture by 0.4 points (R2=74%), with LW gains of 115 and 187 kg for each additional point of BC. Decrease of forage mass from 1.500 to 1.200 kg/ha DM did not affect heifer performance. Supplemented animals had higher body weight gain and body condition than animals exclusively on pasture.

Foi avaliado o desempenho de novilhas de corte em pastagem de aveia preta (Avena strigosa Schreb) mais azevém (Lolium multiflorum Lam) submetidas aos seguintes tratamentos: 'Sem Suplemento'- animais exclusivamente em pastagem; 'Crescente' - animais recebendo níveis crescentes de suplemento (0,3; 0,6; 0,9; 1,2 a 1,5% do peso vivo [PV]) durante o ciclo da pastagem; 'Fixo' - animais recebendo 0,9% do PV de suplemento durante todo o ciclo da pastagem; e 'Decrescente' - animais recebendo níveis decrescentes de suplemento (1,5; 1,2; 0,9; 0,6 a 0,3% do PV) durante o ciclo da pastagem. O suplemento utilizado foi farelo de trigo. O período de pastejo foi de 13 de julho a 01 de novembro e o método de pastejo foi contínuo com lotação variável. As variáveis estudadas (ganho de peso médio diário [GMD], condição corporal [CC], carga animal [CA] e ganho de peso por área [GPA] não foram afetadas pela suplementação ou variação do nível de suplemento. O GMD, CA e GPA variaram com o decorrer do ciclo da pastagem; o GMD apresentou comportamento quadrático, sendo crescente até o 62° dia (GMD=0,360+0,025dia-0,0002dia²; R²=0,59), com valor médio de 0,937 kg/animal/dia. A CA apresentou aumento linear durante o período de pastejo, enquanto a CC não variou com o decorrer do período de pastejo.The performance of beef heifers in black oat (Avena strigosa Schreb.) plus ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) pasture was evaluated in this trial. The treatments evaluated were: 'No Supplement'- animals in black oat plus ryegrass pasture; 'Increasing' - animals in black oat plus ryegrass pasture, receiving increasing levels of supplement (wheat bran): 0.3; 0.6; 0.9; 1.2 to 1.5% body weight (BW) during the pasture cycle; 'Fixed' - animals in black oat plus ryegrass pasture, fed 0.9% BW of supplement during all pasture cycle; and 'Decreasing' - animals in black oat plus ryegrass pasture, receiving decreasing levels of supplement: 1.5; 1.2; 0.9; 0.6 a 0.3% of BW during the pasture cycle. The grazing period was within July 13 to November 1st and the grazing method was continuous with variable stocking rate. The variables invetigated were: average daily gain (ADG), body condition (BC), stocking rate (SR) and per area weight gain (AWG). Supplementation or the different supplement level s showed no effect on the evaluated traits. ADG, SR and AWG changed with the pasture cycle. ADG had quadratic behavior, increasing until 62° day, represented by the following equation: ADG=0.360+0.025day-0.0002day2 (R²=0.59). The mean ADG value was 0.937 kg/animal/day. SR increased linearly during the grazing period, whereas no effect of grazing period on BC was detected.

Foi avaliado o comportamento ingestivo de bezerras de corte submetidas a diferentes níveis de suplementação energética. Os níveis testados foram (0; 0,5; 1,0; 1,5% do peso vivo), em pastagem de aveia preta (Avena strigosa Schreb.) e azevém (Lolium multiflorum Lam.). O suplemento foi farelo de trigo, fornecido diariamente às 14h. Para registro das atividades de pastejo, ruminação, ócio e permanência no cocho, adotou-se a observação visual, feita a cada dez minutos, durante 24 horas, em quatro datas. Para cada nível de suplementação, foram observados seis animais dos grupos genéticos Charolês, 3/4 Charolês/Nelore e 5/8 Nelore/Charolês, com aproximadamente oito meses de idade e peso inicial de 158 kg. Os animais que receberam suplementação diminuíram o tempo de pastejo em relação aos não-suplementados, sem alteração no consumo estimado de forragem. Os animais que receberam suplementação a 1,5% do PV permaneceram mais tempo no cocho, aumentando a freqüência de retorno ao cocho nos maiores níveis de suplementação. Os níveis de suplementação não interferiram nos tempos de ruminação e ócio.The ingestive behavior of beef heifers when submitted to different energy supplementation levels was evaluated. Heifers grazing Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) and black oat (Avena strigosa Schreb) pasture, were supplemented with wheat bran, supplied daily at 2 p.m. at levels of 0; 0.5; 1.0; 1.5% of live weight. The activities of grazing, rumination, idle and trough permanence, were recorded by visual observation, at a ten minute intervals, in four periods of 24 hours. For each supplementation level were allocated six animals of genetic groups Charolais, 3/4Charolais/Nellore and 5/8Nellore/Charolais, with eight months of age and 158 kg of initial weight. Supplemented animals reduced grazing time, compared with no supplemented animals, without changing estimated pasture consumption. Animals supplemented at 1.5% of live weight, spent longer time at trough and showed a higher visiting frequency. The supplementation levels did not interfere in rumination and idle times.

O eritema nodoso hansênico é evento inflamatório agudo no curso crônico da hanseníase. É considerado evento de base imunológica e importante causa de morbidade e incapacidade física. Avaliou-se o perfil clínico, sorológico e histopatológico de 58 pacientes com eritema nodoso hansênico recrutados sequencialmente entre julho-dezembro de 2000, em área urbana hiperendêmica do Brasil Central (Estado de Goiás). A metade dos pacientes apresentava quadro reacional grave, e em 66% dos casos o primeiro episódio reacional ocorreu durante tratamento específico. A maioria dos casos com eritema nodoso hansênico e dos controles apresentaram reatividade para IgM anti-PGL I. Os achados histopatológicos mais freqüentes no eritema nodoso hansênico foram infiltrado neutrofílico, paniculite, vasculite e agressão neural. Dos pacientes com eritema nodoso hansênico, 96% usaram corticosteróide sistêmico no primeiro episódio. Os casos de eritema nodoso hansênico estavam associados à neurite e raramente usaram talidomida como medicação isolada nos serviços de saúde.

The paper focuses on the CFD analysis of a full-scale module of an industrial ceramic kiln under actual operating conditions. The multi-dimensional analysis includes the real geometry of a ceramic kiln module employed in the preheating and firing sections and investigates the heat transfer between the tiles and the burners’ flame as well as the many components that comprise the module. Particular attention is devoted to the simulation of the convective flow field in the upper and lower chambers and to the effects of radiation on the different materials is addressed. The assessment of the radiation contribution to the tiles temperature is paramount to the improvement of the performance of the kiln in terms of energy efficiency and fuel consumption. The CFD analysis is combined to a lumped and distributed parameter model of the entire kiln in order to simulate the module behaviour at the boundaries under actual operating conditions. Finally, the CFD simulation is employed to address the effects of the module operating conditions on the tiles’ temperature distribution in order to improve the temperature uniformity as well as to enhance the energy efficiency of the system and thus to reduce the fuel consumption.

Abstract Background It has been a long-standing biological challenge to understand the molecular regulatory mechanisms behind mammalian ageing. Harnessing the availability of many ageing microarray datasets, a number of studies have shown that it is possible to identify genes that have age-dependent differential expression (DE) or differential variability (DV) patterns. The majority of the studies identify "interesting" genes using a linear regression approach, which is known to perform poorly in the presence of outliers or if the underlying age-dependent pattern is non-linear. Clearly a more robust and flexible approach is needed to identify genes with various age-dependent gene expression patterns. Results Here we present a novel model selection approach to discover genes with linear or non-linear age-dependent gene expression patterns from microarray data. To identify DE genes, our method fits three quantile regression models (constant, linear and piecewise linear models) to the expression profile of each gene, and selects the least complex model that best fits the available data. Similarly, DV genes are identified by fitting and comparing two quantile regression models (non-DV and the DV models) to the expression profile of each gene. We show that our approach is much more robust than the standard linear regression approach in discovering age-dependent patterns. We also applied our approach to analyze two human brain ageing datasets and found many biologically interesting gene expression patterns, including some very interesting DV patterns, that have been overlooked in the original studies. Furthermore, we propose that our model selection approach can be extended to discover DE and DV genes from microarray datasets with discrete class labels, by considering different quantile regression models. Conclusion In this paper, we present a novel application of quantile regression models to identify genes that have interesting linear or non-linear age-dependent expression patterns. One important contribution of this paper is to introduce a model selection approach to DE and DV gene identification, which is most commonly tackled by null hypothesis testing approaches. We show that our approach is robust in analyzing real and simulated datasets. We believe that our approach is applicable in many ageing or time-series data analysis tasks.

Abstract Background Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae that can manifest a wide variety of immunological and clinical outcomes ranging from potent humoral responses among borderline lepromatous (BL) and lepromatous (LL) patients to strong cellular responses among tuberculoid (TT) and borderline tuberculoid (BT) patients. Until recently, relatively little has been known about the immune responses to individual proteins of M. leprae recognized during leprosy. Methods The immune reactivity to a panel of 33 M. leprae recombinant proteins was evaluated among leprosy patients and controls from a high endemic area for leprosy (Goiania/GO, Central Brazil). Serum IgG responses were measured by ELISA (45 participants/group) and T cell responses (20 participants/group) were evaluated by IFN-gamma production in 24 hours whole blood cultures with antigen (whole blood assay-WBA). Study groups were newly diagnosed, untreated TT/BT and BL/LL leprosy patients classified by Ridley Jopling criteria and household contacts of BL/LL patients (HHC). Control groups were HIV-1 negative pulmonary tuberculosis patients (TB) and healthy individuals from the same endemic area (EC). In silico predictions indicated the level of identity of M. leprae proteins with homologues in other mycobacteria and the presence of T cell and B cell epitopes. Results Despite the prediction that all proteins would be reactive, 16 of 33 (48%) of the single proteins tested were immunogenic (recognized in WBA or ELISA) and seventeen were non-immunogenic (not recognized in either assay). Among the 16 immunogenic proteins, 9 were considered leprosy specific in WBA inducing cell-mediated IFN-gamma secretion from TT/BT patients and HHC. Three of these proteins were also leprosy specific in serology being recognized by serum IgG from LL/BL patients. Seven of the immunogenic proteins were not leprosy specific. Conclusions New M. leprae antigens recognized by antibody responses of BL/LL patients and cellular responses of TT/BT leprosy patients were identified. An improved serological diagnostic test for leprosy could be developed by incorporating these IgG-reactive antigens to the current PGL-I based tests. Moreover our data indicate that the WBA is a robust, relatively simple and user friendly format for a T cell based diagnostic test. The field use of these test formats in leprosy endemic countries could contribute to early leprosy diagnosis before the development of deformities and disabilities.

Abstract Background Hepatitis C (HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections are a major burden to public health worldwide. Routine antenatal HIV-1 screening to prevent maternal-infant transmission is universally recommended. Our objectives were to evaluate the prevalence of and potential risk factors for HCV and HIV infection among pregnant women who attended prenatal care under the coverage of public health in Central Brazil. Methods Screening and counselling for HIV and HCV infections was offered free of charge to all pregnant women attending antenatal clinic (ANC) in the public health system, in Goiania city (~1.1 million inhabitants) during 2004–2005. Initial screening was performed on a dried blood spot collected onto standard filter paper; positive or indeterminate results were confirmed by a second blood sample. HCV infection was defined as a positive or indeterminate sample (EIA test) and confirmed HCV-RNA technique. HIV infection was defined according to standard criteria. Factors associated with HIV and HCV infections were identified with logistic regression. The number needed to screen (NNS) to prevent one case of infant HIV infection was calculated using the Monte Carlo simulation method. Results A total of 28,561 pregnant women were screened for HCV and HIV-1 in ANC. Mean maternal age was 23.9 years (SD = 5.6), with 45% of the women experiencing their first pregnancy. Prevalence of HCV infection was 0.15% (95% CI 0.11%–0.20%), and the risk increased with age (p < 0.01). The prevalence of anti-HIV infection was 0.09% (95% CI 0.06%–0.14%). Black women had a 4.9-fold (95% CI 1.42–16.95) greater risk of HIV-1 infection compared to non-black women. NNS to prevent one case of infant HIV infection ranged from 4,141 to 13,928. Conclusion The prevalence of HIV and HCV infections were low among pregnant women, with high acceptability rates in the opt-in strategy in primary care. Older maternal age was a risk factor for HCV and antenatal HCV testing does not fulfill the requirements for screening recommendation. The finding of higher risk of HIV-1 infection among black women despite being in consonance with the HIV-1 ethnic pattern in some American regions cannot be ruled out to be a surrogate marker of socio-economic condition.

Abstract Background The clinical management of leprosy Type 1 (T1R) and Type 2 (T2R) reactions pose challenges mainly because they can cause severe nerve injury and disability. No laboratory test or marker is available for the diagnosis or prognosis of leprosy reactions. This study simultaneously screened plasma factors to identify circulating biomarkers associated with leprosy T1R and T2R among patients recruited in Goiania, Central Brazil. Methods A nested case-control study evaluated T1R (n = 10) and TR2 (n = 10) compared to leprosy patients without reactions (n = 29), matched by sex and age-group (+/- 5 years) and histopathological classification. Multiplex bead based technique provided profiles of 27 plasma factors including 16 pro inflammatory cytokines: tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), Interferon-γ (IFN-γ), interleukin (IL)- IL12p70, IL2, IL17, IL1 β, IL6, IL15, IL5, IL8, macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1 alpha (MIP1α), 1 beta (MIP1β), regulated upon activation normal T-cell expressed and secreted (RANTES), monocyte chemoattractrant protein 1 (MCP1), CC-chemokine 11 (CCL11/Eotaxin), CXC-chemokine 10 (CXCL10/IP10); 4 anti inflammatory interleukins: IL4, IL10, IL13, IL1Rα and 7 growth factors: IL7, IL9, granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF), granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), platelet-derived growth factor BB (PDGF BB), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Results Elevations of plasma CXCL10 (P = 0.004) and IL6 (p = 0.013) were observed in T1R patients compared to controls without reaction. IL6 (p = 0.05), IL7 (p = 0.039), and PDGF-BB (p = 0.041) were elevated in T2R. RANTES and GMCSF were excluded due to values above and below detection limit respectively in all samples. Conclusion Potential biomarkers of T1R identified were CXCL10 and IL6 whereas IL7, PDGF-BB and IL6, may be laboratory markers of TR2. Additional studies on these biomarkers may help understand the immunopathologic mechanisms of leprosy reactions and indicate their usefulness for the diagnosis and for the clinical management of these events.

Background:  There is some evidence indicating that inflammation of the aneurysmal wall is related to aneurysmal growth and rupture. The presence of CD68 may indicate greater inflammatory activity. The objective of this study is to evaluate CD68 immunoexpression in surgically resected brain aneurysms and its association with smoking., Methods:  The resected brain aneurysmal walls after microsurgical clipping were envoyed to immunohistochemistry investigation. The objective was to evaluate the expression of CD68 and CD34 antibodies. The associations between inflammatory markers, smoking, and rupture were tested using Fischer's exact test., Results:  CD68 immunoexpression in the tunica media was associated with larger aneurysms: 7.0 mm (7.0-9.0 mm) versus 5.0 mm (3.5-5 mm; p  = 0.011). There was no statistically significant association between smoking and CD68 expression in the tunica media ( p  = 0.234) or in either the tunica media or the tunica intima ( p  = 0.628). There was also no statistically significant association between hemorrhagic presentation of the aneurysm and CD68 expression in the tunica media ( p  = 0.689) or in either the tunica media or the tunica intima ( p  = 0.348). Therefore, the presence of CD68-positive cells in the aneurysmal walls indicates an association with size, especially if the tunica media is exclusively compromised ( p  = 0.011)., Conclusion:  Immunohistochemistry investigation for CD68 antibodies was used to determine histiocytic infiltration. Adequately powered studies are necessary to further investigate the association between CD68-positive cells and both smoking history and hemorrhagic presentation of aneurysms., Competing Interests: None declared., (Thieme. All rights reserved.)

Medulloblastoma is the most common malignant tumor in the pediatric population. Its classification has incorporated key molecular variations alongside histological characterization. CD39 (also known as ENTPD1) and CD73 (also known as NT5E), enzymes of the purinergic signaling pathway, act in synergy to generate extracellular adenosine, creating an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Our study examined the expression of mRNA of these genes in previously described transcriptome data sets of medulloblastoma patient samples from the Cavalli Cohort (n = 763). Survival distribution was estimated according to the Kaplan-Meier method using a median cut-off and log-rank statistics (p ≤ 0.05). In non-WNT and non-SHH medulloblastoma Group 4 (n = 264), the high expression of ENTPD1 and NT5E was significantly related to a lower overall survival (p = 2.7e-04; p = 2.6e-03). In the SHH-activated group (n = 172), the high expression of ENTPD1 was significantly related to lower overall survival (p = 7.8e-03), while the high expression of NT5E was significantly related to greater overall survival (p = 0.017). In the WNT group (n = 63), the expressions of ENTPD1 and NT5E were not significantly correlated with overall survival (p = 0.212; p = 0.101). In non-WNT and non-SHH medulloblastoma Group 3 (n = 113), the high expression of ENTPD1 was significantly related to greater survival (p = 0.034), while expression of NT5E was not significantly related to survival of patients (p = 0.124). This in silico analysis indicates that ENTPD1 (CD39) and NT5E (CD73) can be seen as potential prognostic markers and therapeutic targets for primary medulloblastomas in non-WNT and non-SHH Group 4., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V.)

Glioblastoma (GB) is the most common primary brain tumor in adults and carries a dismal prognosis, despite the best available treatment. The 2021 WHO Classification of CNS tumors incorporated molecular profiling to better define the characteristics and prognosis of tumor types and subtypes. These recent advances in diagnosis have not yet resulted in breakthrough therapies capable of shifting the treatment paradigm. NT5E/CD73 is a cell surface enzyme that participates in a complex purinergic pathway in synergy with ENTPD1/CD39 producing extracellular adenosine (ADO) from ATP. ADO promotes tumor progression by inducing immunosuppression, stimulating adhesion, invasion, and angiogenesis. In this study, we performed an in silico analysis of 156 human glioblastoma samples in an unexplored public database to investigate the transcriptional levels of NT5E and ENTPD1. The analysis revealed a significant increase in transcription levels of the genes under study in GB samples versus non-tumor brain tissue samples, in concordance with previous studies. High transcriptional levels of NT5E or ENTPD1 were independently related to a decrease in overall survival (p = 5.4e-04; 1.1e-05), irrespective of the IDH mutation status. NT5E transcriptional levels were significantly higher in GB IDH wild-type patients compared to GB IDH-mutant; however, ENTPD1 levels showed no significant difference, p ≤ 0.001. This in silico study indicates the need for a deeper understanding of the purinergic pathway relation to GB development, also inspiring future population studies that could explore ENTPD1 and NT5E not only as prognostic markers but also as potential therapeutic targets., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V.)

Purpose: To determine the absorbance coefficient of the thin porcine cornea to ultraviolet-A radiation (365 nm) submitted for crosslinking., Methods: This in vitro, benchtop experiment using cadaver tissue study analyzed 12 porcine corneal lamellas, which were obtained using a microkeratome after mechanical de-epithelization and separated into three thickness groups: 180, 300, and 360 μm. The corneal thickness values were measured by anterior-segment optical coherence tomography. All lamellas had ultraviolet-A (365 nm) absorbance measured with a 96-well plate spectrophotometer using an ultraviolet transparent microplate before riboflavin instillation and preand post-crosslinking according to the Dresden protocol., Results: The ultraviolet absorbance profiles of the 180, 300, and 360 μm groups were obtained as α-coefficients of 12.85, 76.55, and 120.27, respectively. A theoretical formula was calculated though a statistical analysis that demonstrated the correlation between stromal lamellar thickness and ultraviolet absorbance., Conclusions: Corneal thickness and ultraviolet-A spectral absorbance of corneal lamellas showed linear correlation. These findings can potentially contribute to the optimization of ultraviolet-A application during crosslinking, making the treatment of corneas with thickness <400 μm safe and personalized energy delivery for each corneal thickness.

Severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) is associated with high rates of mortality and long-term disability linked to neurochemical abnormalities. Although purine derivatives play important roles in TBI pathogenesis in preclinical models, little is known about potential changes in purine levels and their implications in human TBI. We assessed cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of purines in severe TBI patients as potential biomarkers that predict mortality and long-term dysfunction. This was a cross-sectional study performed in 17 severe TBI patients (Glasgow Coma Scale <8) and 51 controls. Two to 4 h after admission to ICU, patients were submitted to ventricular drainage and CSF collection for quantification of adenine and guanine purine derivatives by HPLC. TBI patients' survival was followed up to 3 days from admission. A neurofunctional assessment was performed through the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) 2 years after ICU admission. Purine levels were compared between control and TBI patients, and between surviving and non-surviving patients. Relative to controls, TBI patients presented increased CSF levels of GDP, guanosine, adenosine, inosine, hypoxanthine, and xanthine. Further, GTP, GDP, IMP, and xanthine levels were different between surviving and non-surviving patients. Among the purines, guanosine was associated with improved mRS (p = 0.042; r = -0.506). Remarkably, GTP displayed predictive value (AUC = 0.841, p = 0.024) for discriminating survival versus non-survival patients up to 3 days from admission. These results support TBI-specific purine signatures, suggesting GTP as a promising biomarker of mortality and guanosine as an indicator of long-term functional disability., (© 2022 International Society for Neurochemistry.)

Background: The objective of this paper was to describe the arterial supply of the uncus and quantify the branches directed to the anteromedial aspect of the human temporal cortex., Methods: We studied 150 human cerebral hemispheres identifying main afferent arteries supplying the anteromedial temporal cortex with particular attention to the uncus, determining the territory supplied by each artery through either cortical or perforating branches., Results: The uncus was supplied by 419 branches of the anterior choroidal artery (AChA), 210 branches of the internal carotid artery (ICA), 353 branches of the middle cerebral artery (MCA), and 122 branches of the posterior cerebral artery (PCA). The total of supplying vessels was 1104 among the 150 hemispheres studied, which corresponds to 7.36 arteries per uncus. The average of branches per hemisphere was as follows: 2.79 from AChA, 1.40 from ICA, 2.35 from MCA, and 0.81 from PCA. The relative contribution of each artery for the total of specimens studied was as follows: 38% from AChA, 19% from ICA, 32% from the MCA, and 11% from the PCA. We identified cortical anastomoses mostly between the MCA and PCA (27 cases)., Conclusion: We described and quantified the uncus' vascularization, including anatomical variations. This updated, detailed description of the mesial temporal vascularization is paramount to improve the treatment of neurosurgical conditions., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts of interest., (Copyright: © 2021 Surgical Neurology International.)

Introduction  Temporal bone anatomy is complex and demands a profound anatomical knowledge. Association between surgery and imaging helps in the process of learning three-dimensional (3D) anatomy and surgical techniques. High definition temporal bone imaging can play an important role in dissection training. Objective  To describe a computed tomography (CT) image-guided temporal bone dissection course for surgical training in otolaryngology and to verify the satisfaction level of the students with the course. Methods  Descriptive research. The course took place at a research laboratory, with three experienced temporal bone surgeons. The participants were 12 otolaryngology residents. The laboratory has 7 modern workstations with microscope and monitors linked with a computerized video system. Cadaveric temporal bones were donated to the university. Imaging acquisition of the cadaveric temporal bones used in the course was performed in a multislice CT scanner. The CT images of cadaveric temporal bones were available with real-time access on the laboratory monitor's screens during dissections. Results  A total of 13 temporal bones were included for dissection. Students had the opportunity to view on the same screen, simultaneously, both the dissection video and the respective CT images of their temporal bone anatomical specimens. This allowed correlating surgical and imaging aspects of temporal bone anatomy. At the end of the course, participants answered a satisfaction survey. Conclusion  Considering imaging methods are routinely used during most otologic surgeries, detailed knowledge of CT imaging should be explored in conjunction with the temporal bone anatomical dissection., Competing Interests: Conflict of Interests The authors have no conflict of interests to declare., (Fundação Otorrinolaringologia. This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonDerivative-NonCommercial License, permitting copying and reproduction so long as the original work is given appropriate credit. Contents may not be used for commecial purposes, or adapted, remixed, transformed or built upon. ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ ).)

Background: Mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS) is a group of hereditary multisystemic lysosomal disorders. Most neuroimaging studies in MPS have focused on the supratentorial compartment and craniocervical junction abnormalities, and data regarding posterior fossa findings are scarce in the literature. Thus, our purpose is to describe posterior fossa findings on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of MPS patients., Methods: We reviewed routine MRI scans of MPS patients being followed up at our institution (types I, II, III, IV, and VI), focusing on posterior fossa structures., Results: Forty-seven MPS patients were included. MRI-visible perivascular spaces were commonly found in the midbrain and adjacent to the dentate nuclei (85% and 55% of patients, respectively). White-matter lesion was not identified in most cases. Its most frequent localizations were in the pons and cerebellum (34% and 30% of patients, respectively). Enlargement of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) spaces in the posterior fossa was present in 55% of individuals and was more frequent in neuronopathic patients (73% vs 40%; P = .02). Cerebellar volume was classified as normal, apparent macrocerebellum, atrophic, and hypoplastic in 38%, 38%, 21%, and 3% of patients, respectively. A depression of the posterior fossa floor in the midline sagittal plane was found in 22 patients (47%), which was statistical significantly associated with enlargement of CSF spaces ( P = .02) and with apparent macrocerebellum ( P = .03)., Conclusion: The present study compiled the main posterior fossa findings in MPS patients. Classically described in the supratentorial compartment, MRI-visible perivascular spaces, white matter lesions, and enlarged perivascular spaces were also found in the posterior fossa. However, atrophy, which commonly affects cerebral hemispheres, was not the most frequent cerebellar morphology found in our study. Moreover, potential findings for future research were described., Competing Interests: The authors declare no potential conflict of interest., (© 2021 The Authors. JIMD Reports published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of SSIEM.)

Background: Anatomy of the hippocampal arterial supply is key to successful surgeries in this area. The goal of the current study is to present the results we obtained from our microsurgical dissections of the temporal lobe and to propose a new classification for the hippocampal arteries (HAs)., Methods: Fifty-six brain hemispheres were analyzed. All dissections in this study were made using 3-40× at the surgical microscope., Results: The hippocampal arterial vasculature can be divided into six groups, according to their frequencies: Group A: mixed arterial vasculature originating from the anterior choroidal artery anterior choroidal artery, posterior cerebral artery (PCA), anterior infratemporal artery (AIA), and splenic artery (SA). Group B: Main origin at the temporal branches - main inferotemporal trunk, middle inferotemporal artery, posterior inferotemporal artery, AIA, or main branch of PCA. Group C: AIA as the main branch of the hippocampus. Group D: HAs originating from the main branch of PCA. Group E: A single hippocampal artery with the origin at the main branch of PCA. This single artery covered all of the structure and is named Ushimura's artery. Group F: The hippocampal vessels arose exclusively from the parieto-occipital artery, calcarine artery (CA), and the SA., Conclusion: This study proposes a new classification for the hippocampal vascularization, according to the origin of HAs. One of the groups has not yet been described in the literature - in which the HAs arise from the parieto-occipital artery, SA, and CA., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts of interest., (Copyright: © 2020 Surgical Neurology International.)

Immunotherapy as an approach for cancer treatment is clinically promising. CD73, which is the enzyme that produces extracellular adenosine, favors cancer progression and protects the tumor from immune surveillance. While CD73 has recently been demonstrated to be a potential target for glioma treatment, its role in regulating the inflammatory tumor microenvironment has not yet been investigated. Thus, this study explores the immunotherapeutic value of the CD73 blockade in glioblastoma. The immuno-therapeutic value of the CD73 blockade was evaluated in vivo in immunocompetent pre-clinical glioblastoma model. As such, glioblastoma-bearing rats were nasally treated for 15 days with a siRNA CD73-loaded cationic-nanoemulsion (NE-siRNA CD73R). Apoptosis was determined by flow cytometry using Annexin-V staining and cell proliferation was analyzed by Ki67 expression by immunohistochemistry. The frequencies of the CD4 + , CD8 + , and CD4 + CD25 high CD39 + (Treg) T lymphocytes; CD11b + CD45 high macrophages; CD11b + CD45 low -microglia; and CD206 + -M2-like phenotypes, along with expression levels of CD39 and CD73 in tumor and tumor-associated immune cells, were determined using flow cytometry, while inflammatory markers associated with tumor progression were evaluated using RT-qPCR. The CD73 blockade by NE-siRNA CD73 was found to induce tumor cell apoptosis. Meanwhile, the population of Tregs, microglia, and macrophages was significantly reduced in the tumor microenvironment, though IL-6, CCL17, and CCL22 increased. The treatment selectively decreased CD73 expression in the GB cells as well as in the tumor-associated-macrophages/microglia. This study indicates that CD73 knockdown using a nanotechnological approach to perform nasal delivery of siRNA-CD73 to CNS can potentially regulate the glioblastoma immune microenvironment and delay tumor growth by inducing apoptosis.