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1. Extreme events, trophic chain reactions, and shifts in phenotypic selection

Author

Kate Layton-Matthews, Stefan J. G. Vriend, Vidar Grøtan, Maarten J. J. E. Loonen, Bernt-Erik Sæther, Eva Fuglei, and Brage Bremset Hansen

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

Abstract Demographic consequences of rapid environmental change and extreme climatic events (ECEs) can cascade across trophic levels with evolutionary implications that have rarely been explored. Here, we show how an ECE in high Arctic Svalbard triggered a trophic chain reaction, directly or indirectly affecting the demography of both overwintering and migratory vertebrates, ultimately inducing a shift in density-dependent phenotypic selection in migratory geese. A record-breaking rain-on-snow event and ice-locked pastures led to reindeer mass starvation and a population crash, followed by a period of low mortality and population recovery. This caused lagged, long-lasting reductions in reindeer carrion numbers and resultant low abundances of Arctic foxes, a scavenger on reindeer and predator of migratory birds. The associated decrease in Arctic fox predation of goose offspring allowed for a rapid increase in barnacle goose densities. As expected according to r- and K-selection theory, the goose body condition (affecting reproduction and post-fledging survival) maximising Malthusian fitness increased with this shift in population density. Thus, the winter ECE acting on reindeer and their scavenger, the Arctic fox, indirectly selected for higher body condition in migratory geese. This high Arctic study provides rare empirical evidence of links between ECEs, community dynamics and evolution, with implications for our understanding of indirect eco-evolutionary impacts of global change.

Published
2023
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2. Bird populations most exposed to climate change are less sensitive to climatic variation

Author

Liam D. Bailey, Martijn van de Pol, Frank Adriaensen, Aneta Arct, Emilio Barba, Paul E. Bellamy, Suzanne Bonamour, Jean-Charles Bouvier, Malcolm D. Burgess, Anne Charmantier, Camillo Cusimano, Blandine Doligez, Szymon M. Drobniak, Anna Dubiec, Marcel Eens, Tapio Eeva, Peter N. Ferns, Anne E. Goodenough, Ian R. Hartley, Shelley A. Hinsley, Elena Ivankina, Rimvydas Juškaitis, Bart Kempenaers, Anvar B. Kerimov, Claire Lavigne, Agu Leivits, Mark C. Mainwaring, Erik Matthysen, Jan-Åke Nilsson, Markku Orell, Seppo Rytkönen, Juan Carlos Senar, Ben C. Sheldon, Alberto Sorace, Martyn J. Stenning, János Török, Kees van Oers, Emma Vatka, Stefan J. G. Vriend, and Marcel E. Visser

Subjects
Science
Abstract

Intra-specific variations may contribute to heterogeneous responses to climate change across a species’ range. Here, the authors investigate the phenology of two bird species across their breeding ranges, and find that their sensitivity to temperature is uncoupled from exposure to climate change.

Published
2022
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4. Temperature synchronizes temporal variation in laying dates across European hole-nesting passerines

Author

Stefan J. G. Vriend, Vidar Grøtan, Marlène Gamelon, Frank Adriaensen, Markus P. Ahola, Elena Álvarez, Liam D. Bailey, Emilio Barba, Jean‐Charles Bouvier, Malcolm D. Burgess, Andrey Bushuev, Carlos Camacho, David Canal, Anne Charmantier, Ella F. Cole, Camillo Cusimano, Blandine F. Doligez, Szymon M. Drobniak, Anna Dubiec, Marcel Eens, Tapio Eeva, Kjell Einar Erikstad, Peter N. Ferns, Anne E. Goodenough, Ian R. Hartley, Shelley A. Hinsley, Elena Ivankina, Rimvydas Juškaitis, Bart Kempenaers, Anvar B. Kerimov, John Atle Kålås, Claire Lavigne, Agu Leivits, Mark C. Mainwaring, Jesús Martínez‐Padilla, Erik Matthysen, Kees van Oers, Markku Orell, Rianne Pinxten, Tone Kristin Reiertsen, Seppo Rytkönen, Juan Carlos Senar, Ben C. Sheldon, Alberto Sorace, János Török, Emma Vatka, Marcel E. Visser, Bernt‐Erik Sæther, Animal Ecology (AnE), Ecological Genetics Research Unit, Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Norwegian University of Science and Technology [Trondheim] (NTNU), Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Department of Biology [Trondheim] (IBI NTNU), Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU)-Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Département écologie évolutive [LBBE], Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Antwerp (UA), Swedish Museum of Natural History (NRM), Unidad de Investigación, Fundación Hospital de Jove, Universitad Politecnica de Valencia, Unité de recherche Plantes et Systèmes de Culture Horticoles (PSH), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), University of Bedfordshire, Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université de Montpellier (UM), University of Oxford [Oxford], Università degli studi di Palermo - University of Palermo, University of New South Wales [Sydney] (UNSW), Polish Academy of Sciences (PAN), Behavioural Ecology & Ecophysiology Group, University of Turku, High North Research Centre for Climate and the Environment, Norwegian Polar Institute, Centre for Conservation Biology, University of Gloucestershire (Cheltenham, GB), Lancaster University, Centre for Ecology and Hydrology [Wallingford] (CEH), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Centre de Recherche en Informatique de Paris 1 (CRI), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1), Nature Research Centre, Institute of Ecology, Akademijos str. 2, LT-08412, Vilnius, Lithuania., Department of Behavioural Ecology and Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, Max-Planck-Gesellschaft-Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Evolutionary Ecology Group, Netherlands Institute of Ecology - NIOO-KNAW (NETHERLANDS), Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research (IZW), Leibniz Association, Institut Cavanilles de Biodiversitat i Biologia Evolutiva (ICBiBE), Universitat de València (UV), University of Exeter, Universidad Complutense de Madrid = Complutense University of Madrid [Madrid] (UCM), Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation [Canberra] (CSIRO), University of Oxford, Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Museum and Institute of Zoology, Polska Akademia Nauk = Polish Academy of Sciences (PAN), Department of Biology (Ethology), Cardiff University, University of Gloucestershire [Gloucester], Institute of Ecology of Nature Research Centre, University of Montana, Instituto Pirenaico de Ecologia = Pyrenean Institute of Ecology (IPE), Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Department of Ecology, University of Oulu, Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA), Museu de Ciències Naturals de Barcelona, and SROPU

Subjects
Ekologi, clutch size, Evolutionary Biology, comparative analysis, Ecology, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], weather, passerines, timing of breeding, phenology, Ecology and Environment, Evolutionsbiologi, spatial synchrony, Chemistry, fledgling number, birds, 1181 Ecology, evolutionary biology, clutch, fitness-related traits, Biology, climate, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Abstract

Identifying the environmental drivers of variation in fitness-related traits is a central objective in ecology and evolutionary biology. Temporal fluctuations of these environmental drivers are often synchronized at large spatial scales. Yet, whether synchronous environmental conditions can generate spatial synchrony in fitness-related trait values (i.e., correlated temporal trait fluctuations across populations) is poorly understood. Using data from long-term monitored populations of blue tits (Cyanistes caeruleus, n = 31), great tits (Parus major, n = 35), and pied flycatchers (Ficedula hypoleuca, n = 20) across Europe, we assessed the influence of two local climatic variables (mean temperature and mean precipitation in February–May) on spatial synchrony in three fitness-related traits: laying date, clutch size, and fledgling number. We found a high degree of spatial synchrony in laying date but a lower degree in clutch size and fledgling number for each species. Temperature strongly influenced spatial synchrony in laying date for resident blue tits and great tits but not for migratory pied flycatchers. This is a relevant finding in the context of environmental impacts on populations because spatial synchrony in fitness-related trait values among populations may influence fluctuations in vital rates or population abundances. If environmentally induced spatial synchrony in fitness-related traits increases the spatial synchrony in vital rates or population abundances, this will ultimately increase the risk of extinction for populations and species. Assessing how environmental conditions influence spatiotemporal variation in trait values improves our mechanistic understanding of environmental impacts on populations. birds, climate, clutch size, comparative analysis, fitness-related traits, fledgling number, phenology, spatial synchrony, timing of breeding, weather

Published
2022
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5. Apparent breeding success drives long‐term population dynamics of a migratory swan

Author

Stefan J. G. Vriend, Eileen C. Rees, Rascha J.M. Nuijten, Bart A. Nolet, Kevin A. Wood, Trinus Haitjema, Eelke Jongejans, Animal Ecology (AnE), and Theoretical and Computational Ecology (IBED, FNWI)

Subjects
capture-mark-recapture, 0106 biological sciences, education.field_of_study, Reproductive success, Animal Ecology and Physiology, Population, Bewick’s swan, Biology, 01 natural sciences, 010605 ornithology, Population model, integrated population model, Abundance (ecology), Animal ecology, international, transient life table response experiment, environmental drivers, Juvenile, Population growth, Animal Science and Zoology, Vital rates, education, Plan_S-Compliant_TA, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Demography
Abstract

The ability of a species to adapt to environmental change is ultimately reflected in its vital rates – i.e. survival and reproductive success of individuals. Together, vital rates determine trends in numbers, commonly monitored using counts of species abundance. Rapid changes in abundance can give rise to concern, leading to calls for research into the biological mechanisms underlying variations in demography. For the northwest European population of Bewick's swan Cygnus columbianus bewickii, there have been major changes in the population trends recorded during nearly five decades of monitoring (1970–2016). The total number of birds increased to a maximum of ca 30 000 in 1995 and subsequently decreased to about 18 000 individuals in 2010. Such large fluctuation in population numbers is rare in long‐lived species and understanding the drivers of this population change is crucial for species management and conservation. Using the integrated population model (IPM) framework, we analysed three demographic datasets in combination: population counts, capture–mark–resightings (CMR) and the proportion of juveniles in winter over a period of ~50 years. We found higher apparent breeding success in the years when the population had a positive growth rate compared to years with a negative growth rate. Moreover, no consistent trend in adult and yearling survival, and an increasing trend in juvenile survival was found. A transient life‐table response experiment showed that apparent breeding success and adult survival contributed most to the variation in population trend. We explored possible explanatory variables for the different demographic rates and found a significant association between juvenile survival both with the water level in lakes during autumn migration, which affects food accessibility for the swans, and with summer temperatures. Such associations are important for understanding the dynamics of species with fluctuating population sizes, and thus for informing management and conservation decisions.

Published
2020

6. Density-dependent adaptive topography in a small passerine bird, the collared flycatcher

Author

Steinar Engen, Vidar Grøtan, Bernt-Erik Sæther, Lars Gustafsson, Stefan J. G. Vriend, and Animal Ecology (AnE)

Subjects
Male, Life-history evolution, R- and K-selection, Oviposition, Population, Density dependence, Songbirds, biology.animal, Animals, Selection, Genetic, Flycatcher, skin and connective tissue diseases, education, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Collared flycatcher, Population Density, Sweden, education.field_of_study, biology, r/K selection theory, Eco-evolutionary dynamics, Fitness variation, Biological Evolution, Passerine, Evolutionary biology, Density dependent, comic_books, Female, Genetic Fitness, sense organs, comic_books.character
Abstract

Adaptive topography is a central concept in evolutionary biology, describing how the mean fitness of a population changes with gene frequencies or mean phenotypes.We use expected population size as a quantity to be maximized by natural selection to show that selection on pairwise combinations of reproductive traits of collared flycatchers caused by fluctuations in population size generated an adaptive topography with distinct peaks often located at intermediate phenotypes. This occurred because r- and K-selection made phenotypes favored at small densities different from those with higher fitness at population sizes close to the carrying capacity K. Fitness decreased rapidly with a delay in the timing of egg laying, with a densitydependent effect especially occurring among early-laying females. The number of fledglings maximizing fitness was larger at small population sizes than when close to K. Finally, there was directional selection for large fledglings independent of population size. We suggest that these patterns can be explained by increased competition for some limiting resources or access to favorable nest sites at high population densities. Thus, r- and K-selection based on expected population size as an evolutionary maximization criterion may influence life-history evolution and constrain the selective responses to changes in the environment.

Published
2021

8. Bird populations most exposed to climate change are less responsive to climatic variation

Author

Martyn J. Stenning, Stefan J. G. Vriend, Jan-Åke Nilsson, E.V. Ivankina, Emma Vatka, Erik Matthysen, Liam D. Bailey, Rimvydas Juškaitis, Claire Lavigne, Tapio Eeva, Alberto Sorace, Paul E. Bellamy, Anna Dubiec, Mark C. Mainwaring, Anne E. Goodenough, Shelley A. Hinsley, Frank Adriaensen, János Török, Agu Leivits, Anne Charmantier, Marcel Eens, Juan Carlos Senar, Blandine Doligez, Szymon M. Drobniak, Malcolm D. Burgess, Seppo Rytkönen, Ben C. Sheldon, Anne Lauriere, Marcel E. Visser, Ian R. Hartley, Emilio Barba, Anvar Kerimov, Peter N. Ferns, Bart Kempenaers, Martijn van de Pol, Camillo Cusimano, Markku Orell, and Jean-Charles Bouvier

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, 0303 health sciences, education.field_of_study, Ecology, Phenology, Range (biology), Species distribution, Population, Climate change, 15. Life on land, Biology, Evergreen, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, Deciduous, Habitat, 13. Climate action, education, 030304 developmental biology
Abstract

The phenology of many species shows strong sensitivity to climate change; however, with few large scale intra-specific studies it is unclear how such sensitivity varies over a species’ range. We document large intra-specific variation in phenological sensitivity to temperature using laying date information from 67 populations of two European songbirds covering a large part of their breeding range. Populations inhabiting deciduous habitats showed stronger phenological sensitivity compared with those in evergreen and mixed habitats. Strikingly, however, the lowest sensitivity was seen in populations that had experienced the greatest change in climate. Therefore, we predict that the strongest phenological advancement will not occur in those populations with the highest sensitivity. Our results show that to effectively assess the impact of climate change on phenology across a species range it will be necessary to account for intra-specific variation in phenological sensitivity, climate change exposure, and the ecological characteristics of a population.

Published
2020
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9. Connecting the data landscape of long-term ecological studies: the SPI-Birds data hub

Author

Tomasz D. Mazgajski, Jesús Martínez-Padilla, Gábor Seress, Miloš Krist, Davide M. Dominoni, Peter Adamík, Camillo Cusimano, Juli Broggi, Zuzana Zajková, Ana Cláudia Norte, Samuel P. Caro, Pınar Kavak Gülbeyaz, Erik Matthysen, Arnaud Grégoire, Marcel M. Lambrechts, Vallo Tilgar, Sabine Marlene Hille, Kees van Oers, Chloé R. Nater, Markku Orell, Alexandr Artemyev, Szymon M. Drobniak, Julia Schroeder, Hannah Watson, Claire Doutrelant, Tone Kristin Reiertsen, Eduardo J. Belda, Carlos E. Lara, Jaime Potti, Antica Culina, Caroline Deimel, C. Can Bilgin, Kjell Einar Erikstad, Terry Burke, Seppo Rytkönen, Liam D. Bailey, Miroslav Král, José M. Zamora-Marín, Marko Mägi, T.A. Ilyina, A.V. Bushuev, Andrew F. Russell, Malcolm D. Burgess, John L. Quinn, Jan-Åke Nilsson, André A. Dhondt, Peter Korsten, Denis Réale, Josefa Bleu, Caroline Isaksson, Jaanis Lodjak, Sandra Bouwhuis, Bruno Massa, Mark C. Mainwaring, David Canal, Eduardo S. A. Santos, Sylvie Massemin, Tore Slagsvold, Emma Vatka, Alexia Mouchet, Elena Angulo, Juan Moreno, Alexis S. Chaine, Jan Komdeur, Raivo Mänd, Claire J. Branston, Adèle Mennerat, Stefan J. G. Vriend, Wojciech Kania, Davor Ćiković, Anne Charmantier, Maxime Cauchoix, E.V. Ivankina, Juan Carlos Senar, Shinichi Nakagawa, Agu Leivits, Andrey Tolstoguzov, Blandine Doligez, Ben C. Sheldon, Mariusz Cichoń, Gergely Hegyi, Teru Yuta, Benedikt Holtmann, Ella F. Cole, Céline Teplitsky, Marcel E. Visser, Johan Nilsson, Alejandro Cantarero, Jordi Figuerola, Sanja Barišić, Marta Szulkin, Simon Verhulst, Silvia Espín, Arne Iserbyt, Emilio Barba, Bart Kempenaers, Damien R. Farine, Pablo Sánchez-Virosta, Tapio Eeva, Anvar Kerimov, Niels Jeroen Dingemanse, Anna Dubiec, Christiaan Both, Daniela Campobello, Mihai Valcu, Bernt-Erik Sæther, Marcel Eens, Michaela Hau, Ian R. Hartley, Lucy M. Aplin, Frank Adriaensen, János Török, Balázs Rosivall, Carlos Camacho, Camilla A. Hinde, András Liker, Dutch Research Council, Research Council of Norway, Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Culina A., Adriaensen F., Bailey L.D., Burgess M.D., Charmantier A., Cole E.F., Eeva T., Matthysen E., Nater C.R., Sheldon B.C., Saether B.-E., Vriend S.J.G., Zajkova Z., Adamik P., Aplin L.M., Angulo E., Artemyev A., Barba E., Barisic S., Belda E., Bilgin C.C., Bleu J., Both C., Bouwhuis S., Branston C.J., Broggi J., Burke T., Bushuev A., Camacho C., Campobello D., Canal D., Cantarero A., Caro S.P., Cauchoix M., Chaine A., Cichon M., Cikovic D., Cusimano C.A., Deimel C., Dhondt A.A., Dingemanse N.J., Doligez B., Dominoni D.M., Doutrelant C., Drobniak S.M., Dubiec A., Eens M., Einar Erikstad K., Espin S., Farine D.R., Figuerola J., Kavak Gulbeyaz P., Gregoire A., Hartley I.R., Hau M., Hegyi G., Hille S., Hinde C.A., Holtmann B., Ilyina T., Isaksson C., Iserbyt A., Ivankina E., Kania W., Kempenaers B., Kerimov A., Komdeur J., Korsten P., Kral M., Krist M., Lambrechts M., Lara C.E., Leivits A., Liker A., Lodjak J., Magi M., Mainwaring M.C., Mand R., Massa B., Massemin S., Martinez-Padilla J., Mazgajski T.D., Mennerat A., Moreno J., Mouchet A., Nakagawa S., Nilsson J.-A., Nilsson J.F., Claudia Norte A., van Oers K., Orell M., Potti J., Quinn J.L., Reale D., Kristin Reiertsen T., Rosivall B., Russell A.F., Rytkonen S., Sanchez-Virosta P., Santos E.S.A., Schroeder J., Senar J.C., Seress G., Slagsvold T., Szulkin M., Teplitsky C., Tilgar V., Tolstoguzov A., Torok J., Valcu M., Vatka E., Verhulst S., Watson H., Yuta T., Zamora-Marin J.M., Visser M.E., WildCRU, University of Oxford [Oxford], University of Antwerp (UA), Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation [Canberra] (CSIRO), University of Turku, Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Edward Grey Institute, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Département Ecologie, Physiologie et Ethologie (DEPE-IPHC), Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Station d'écologie théorique et expérimentale (SETE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), OpenMETU, Both group, Komdeur lab, Verhulst lab, and Animal Ecology (AnE)

Subjects
SELECTION, 0106 biological sciences, ZOOLOGIA, Databases, Factual, 05 Environmental Sciences, Zoology and botany: 480 [VDP], Research network, 01 natural sciences, long‐term studies, Behavioral Ecology, Data standards, meta‐data standards, Data hub, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Research Articles, meta‐, PERSONALITY, CLIMATE-CHANGE, Ecology, Environmental resource management, ALTER, meta&#8208, birds, data standards, database, FAIR data, long-term studies, meta-data standards, research network, PE&RC, Gedragsecologie, Chemistry, Geography, international, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, 1181 Ecology, evolutionary biology, POPULATIONS, Plan_S-Compliant_OA, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, long‐, Research Article, CLUTCH-SIZE, Long-term studies, Environmental Sciences & Ecology, Animal Breeding and Genomics, Zoologi, 15.- Proteger, restaurar y promover la utilización sostenible de los ecosistemas terrestres, gestionar de manera sostenible los bosques, combatir la desertificación y detener y revertir la degradación de la tierra, y frenar la pérdida de diversidad biológica, 010603 evolutionary biology, Birds, Database, 07 Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, ddc:570, VDP::Mathematics and natural scienses: 400::Zoology and botany: 480, Animals, Fokkerij en Genomica, Zoologiske og botaniske fag: 480 [VDP], Biology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Meta-data standards, Metadata, FAIR data, Science & Technology, long&#8208, business.industry, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, 06 Biological Sciences, 15. Life on land, database, meta-data standards, long-term studies, birds, data standards, research network, EVOLUTION, Term (time), 13. Climate action, Research council, VDP::Matematikk og naturvitenskap: 400::Zoologiske og botaniske fag: 480, Animal Science and Zoology, term studies, GREAT TITS, business, Zoology, RESPONSES
Abstract

The integration and synthesis of the data in different areas of science is drastically slowed and hindered by a lack of standards and networking programmes. Long-term studies of individually marked animals are not an exception. These studies are especially important as instrumental for understanding evolutionary and eco-logical processes in the wild. Furthermore, their number and global distribution provides a unique opportunity to assess the generality of patterns and to address broad-scale global issues (e.g. climate change)., To solve data integration issues and enable a new scale of ecological and evolution-ary research based on long-term studies of birds, we have created the SPI-Birds Network and Database (www.spibirds.org)—a large-scale initiative that connects data from, and researchers working on, studies of wild populations of individually recognizable (usually ringed) birds. Within year and a half since the establishment, SPI-Birds has recruited over 120 members, and currently hosts data on almost 1.5 million individual birds collected in 80 populations over 2,000 cumulative years, and counting., SPI-Birds acts as a data hub and a catalogue of studied populations. It prevents data loss, secures easy data finding, use and integration and thus facilitates collab-oration and synthesis. We provide community-derived data and meta-data stand-ards and improve data integrity guided by the principles of Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Reusable (FAIR), and aligned with the existing metadata lan-guages (e.g. ecological meta-data language)., The encouraging community involvement stems from SPI-Bird's decentralized ap-proach: research groups retain full control over data use and their way of data management, while SPI-Birds creates tailored pipelines to convert each unique data format into a standard format. We outline the lessons learned, so that other communities (e.g. those working on other taxa) can adapt our successful model. Creating community-specific hubs (such as ours, COMADRE for animal demogra-phy, etc.) will aid much-needed large-scale ecological data integration., The SPI-Birds have been supported by an NWO personal grant (grant number 016.Veni.181.054) to A.C., and a Research Council of Norway grant: 223257 (SFF-III) and 267511 (EVOCLIM).

Published
2020
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10. Accounting for interspecific competition and age structure in demographic analyses of density dependence improves predictions of fluctuations in population size

Author

Erik Matthysen, Stefan J. G. Vriend, Bernt-Erik Sæther, Marlène Gamelon, Frank Adriaensen, Simon R. Evans, Steinar Engen, Ben C. Sheldon, André A. Dhondt, Animal Ecology (AnE), Norwegian University of Science and Technology [Trondheim] (NTNU), Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Universiteit Antwerpen [Antwerpen], Cornell University [New York], Department of Zoology [Oxford], and University of Oxford [Oxford]

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Food Chain, Age structure, Ecology (disciplines), Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Intraspecific competition, Cyanistes caeruleus, Parus major, [SDV.BA.ZV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Vertebrate Zoology, Competitive interactions, density regulation, Animals, 14. Life underwater, Passeriformes, population growth rate, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Coexistence theory, Population Density, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Population size, Interspecific competition, Diet, Europe, Chemistry, Density dependence, density dependence, Asymmetric competition, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract

International audience; Understanding species coexistence has long been a major goal of ecology. Coexistence theory for two competing species posits that intraspecific density dependence should be stronger than interspecific density dependence. Great tits and blue tits are two bird species that compete for food resources and nesting cavities. On the basis of long-term monitoring of these two competing species at sites across Europe, combining observational and manipulative approaches, we show that the strength of density regulation is similar for both species, and that individuals have contrasting abilities to compete depending on their age. For great tits, density regulation is driven mainly by intraspecific competition. In contrast, for blue tits, interspecific competition contributes as much as intraspecific competition, consistent with asymmetric competition between the two species. In addition, including age-specific effects of intra-and interspecific competition in density-dependence models improves predictions of fluctuations in population size by up to three times.

Published
2019
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