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Zusammenfassung Vor dem Hintergrund der Diskussion um die Qualität des Unterrichts und der Unterscheidung zwischen Sicht- und Tiefenstrukturen wird die Relevanz kognitiver Aktivierung für die fachspezifische Qualität des Evangelischen Religionsunterrichts und dessen Einbettung im Fächerkanon der Schule beleuchtet. In Anknüpfung an bisherige Forschungen und die Entwicklung erster fachübergreifender und fachspezifischer Unterrichtsfeedbackbögen wird ein Fragen- bzw. Indikatorenkatalog für Aspekte kognitiver Aktivierung im Evangelischen Religionsunterricht skizziert.

Dissertation, RWTH Aachen University, 2023; Jülich : Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Zentralbibliothek, Verlag, Schriften des Forschungszentrums Jülich. Reihe Information/ Information 92, 1 Online-Ressource : Illustrationen, Diagramme (2023). = Dissertation, RWTH Aachen University, 2023, Single photons are expected to play an essential role in the transfer of quantum information in modern quantum technology. Monolayers of transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) with implanted defects are promising candidates for single photon sources that allow us to control the polarization of the emitted photons due to their unique spin-valley locking property. This work provides a computational study of a variety of possible materials for implantation, which could possibly be used to confine the photon emission in real space allowing for single photon emission. Several of the tools necessary to carry out the study have been developed and implemented in the course of this work. Here, the focus is on the prediction of electron energy loss spectra and band structure calculations for crystals including a defect. The latter is not straight forward, since the calculation of such defects is done in a supercell consisting of multiple pristine unit cells. The band structure for a supercell is completely different from the pristine one unless the developed unfolding method is applied. This method reveals the defect as a small perturbation to the pristine system, allowing to calculate band structures of defect systems that are comparable to experiments. Experimental electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) measurements have a finite ${k}$ resolution due to the finite size of the collection aperture in the transition electron microscope. This spectrum deviates significantly from the EELS spectrum for zero ${k}$ momentum, as it is commonly calculated using the theoretical dielectric function. Here, a stable method for integrating the theoretical spectra over ${k}$ is developed that solves the added difficulty of the integrand varying over several (typically six) orders of magnitude around $k=0$. This scheme is extended by an extrapolation method for a fast convergence of the introduced vacuum, necessary for calculating monolayers in the context of 3D periodic boundary conditions. The combination of both shows a very favorable agreement with experimental spectra, when applied to three prototypical two-dimensional systems. Density-functional theory (DFT) studies of structural relaxations, band structures, and EELS spectra are carried out for a variety of TMDs (MoS$_2$, MoSe$_2$, WSe$_2$) with defects (P, Cr, S, Se, vacancy), applying the developed methods. The investigated system of MoSe$_2$+S turns out to lower the conduction band state at the direct band gap compared to the pristine MoSe$_2$ while preserving the spin-valley locking property. The optical transition in a small island of this material surrounded by MoSe$_2$ is therefore a promising candidate for single photon emission. Also doping with chromium, which introduces an addition state within the band gap, is a promising candidate to localize the photon emission., Published by Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Zentralbibliothek, Verlag, Jülich

This educational topical review and Task Force report aims to address learning objectives of the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) curriculum. We sought to extract detailed features involving semiology from video recordings and interpret semiological signs and symptoms that reflect the likely localization for focal seizures in patients with epilepsy. This glossary was developed by a working group of the ILAE Commission on Diagnostic Methods incorporating the EEG Task Force. This paper identifies commonly used terms to describe seizure semiology, provides definitions, signs and symptoms, and summarizes their clinical value in localizing and lateralizing focal seizures based on consensus in the published literature. Video-EEG examples are included to illustrate important features of semiology in patients with epilepsy.