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1. Demographic and physiological signals of reproductive events in humpback whales on a southwest pacific breeding ground.

Author

Pallin, Logan, Garrigue, Claire, Kellar, Nicholas, Baker, C, Bonneville, Claire, Derville, Solène, Garland, Ellen, Steel, Debbie, and Friedlaender, Ari

Subjects
Biopsy, blubber, breeding ground, estradiol, estrous, humpback whale, progesterone, testosterone
Abstract

The field of marine mammal conservation has dramatically benefited from the rapid advancement of methods to assess the reproductive physiology of individuals and populations from steroid hormones isolated from minimally invasive skin-blubber biopsy samples. Historically, this vital information was only available from complete anatomical and physiological investigations of samples collected during commercial or indigenous whaling. Humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) are a migratory, cosmopolitan species that reproduce in warm, low-latitude breeding grounds. New Caledonia is seasonally visited by a small breeding sub-stock of humpback whales, forming part of the endangered Oceania subpopulation. To better understand the demographic and seasonal patterns of reproductive physiology in humpback whales, we quantified baseline measurements of reproductive hormones (progesterone-P4, testosterone-T and 17β-estradiol-E2) using an extensive archive of skin-blubber biopsy samples collected from female humpback whales in New Caledonia waters between 2016 and 2019 (n = 194). We observed significant differences in the P4, T and E2 concentrations across different demographic groups of female humpback whales, and we described some of the first evidence of the endocrine patterns of estrous in live free-ranging baleen whales. This study is fundamental in its methodological approach to a wild species that has a global distribution, with seasonally distinct life histories. This information will assist in monitoring, managing and conserving this population as global ecological changes continue to occur unhindered.

Published
2024

3. Collecting baleen whale blow samples by drone: A minimally intrusive tool for conservation genetics.

Author

O'Mahony, Éadin N., Sremba, Angela L., Keen, Eric M., Robinson, Nicole, Dundas, Archie, Steel, Debbie, Wray, Janie, Baker, C. Scott, and Gaggiotti, Oscar E.

Subjects
BALEEN whales, HUMPBACK whale, GENETIC variation, CONSERVATION genetics, EFFECT of human beings on climate change
Abstract

In coastal British Columbia, Canada, marine megafauna such as humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) and fin whales (Balaenoptera physalus velifera) have been subject to a history of exploitation and near extirpation. While their populations have been in recovery, significant threats are posed to these vulnerable species by proposed natural resource ventures in this region, in addition to the compounding effects of anthropogenic climate change. Genetic tools play a vital role in informing conservation efforts, but the associated collection of tissue biopsy samples can be challenging for the investigators and disruptive to the ongoing behaviour of the targeted whales. Here, we evaluate a minimally intrusive approach based on collecting exhaled breath condensate, or respiratory 'blow' samples, from baleen whales using an unoccupied aerial system (UAS), within Gitga'at First Nation territory for conservation genetics. Minimal behavioural responses to the sampling technique were observed, with no response detected 87% of the time (of 112 UAS deployments). DNA from whale blow (n = 88 samples) was extracted, and DNA profiles consisting of 10 nuclear microsatellite loci, sex identification and mitochondrial (mt) DNA haplotypes were constructed. An average of 7.5 microsatellite loci per individual were successfully genotyped. The success rates for mtDNA and sex assignment were 80% and 89% respectively. Thus, this minimally intrusive sampling method can be used to describe genetic diversity and generate genetic profiles for individual identification. The results of this research demonstrate the potential of UAS‐collected whale blow for conservation genetics from a remote location. see also the Perspective by Elena Valsecchi. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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4. High pregnancy rates in humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) around the Western Antarctic Peninsula, evidence of a rapidly growing population.

Author

Pallin, Logan, Baker, C, Steel, Debbie, Kellar, Nicholas, Robbins, Jooke, Johnston, David, Nowacek, Doug, Read, Andrew, and Friedlaender, Ari

Subjects
Antarctica, biopsy, humpback whale, pregnancy, progesterone, whaling
Abstract

Antarctic humpback whales are recovering from near extirpation from commercial whaling. To understand the dynamics of this recovery and establish a baseline to monitor impacts of a rapidly changing environment, we investigated sex ratios and pregnancy rates of females within the Western Antarctic Peninsula (WAP) feeding population. DNA profiling of 577 tissue samples (2010-2016) identified 239 males and 268 females. Blubber progesterone levels indicated 63.5% of the females biopsied were pregnant. This proportion varied significantly across years, from 36% in 2010 to 86% in 2014. A comparison of samples collected in summer versus fall showed significant increases in the proportion of females present (50% to 59%) and pregnant (59% to 72%), consistent with demographic variation in migratory timing. We also found evidence of annual reproduction among females; 54.5% of females accompanied by a calf were pregnant. These high pregnancy rates are consistent with a population recovering from past exploitation, but appear inconsistent with recent estimates of WAP humpback population growth. Thus, our results will help to better understand population growth potential and set a current baseline from which to determine the impact of climate change and variability on fecundity and reproductive rates.

Published
2018

5. Marine mammal strandings recorded in New Caledonia, South West Pacific Ocean, 1877 to 2022

Author

Garrigue, Claire, Derville, Solène, Bonneville, Claire, Brisset, Maele, Bustamante, Paco, Cleguer, Christophe, Clua, Eric E. G., Dabin, Willy, Fiat, Sylvie, Justine, Jean-lou, Machful, Pauline, Mai, Tepoerau, Plichon, Patrice, Portal, Annie, Sidobre, Christine, Steel, Debbie, Vivier, Jean-christophe, Vourey, Elodie, Garrigue, Claire, Derville, Solène, Bonneville, Claire, Brisset, Maele, Bustamante, Paco, Cleguer, Christophe, Clua, Eric E. G., Dabin, Willy, Fiat, Sylvie, Justine, Jean-lou, Machful, Pauline, Mai, Tepoerau, Plichon, Patrice, Portal, Annie, Sidobre, Christine, Steel, Debbie, Vivier, Jean-christophe, and Vourey, Elodie

Abstract

Context Strandings are an important source of information for estimating marine mammal biodiversity, particularly in data-sparse ocean basins such as Oceania. Aims Here, we report on knowledge acquired from 218 stranding events recorded in the waters of New Caledonia (1877–2022). Methods We investigated spatio-temporal distribution, stable isotope signatures, trace element concentrations, biometry measurements, genetic diversity, and diet, for the four most commonly stranded taxa (dugongs, 35% of events; sperm whales, 19%; Delphinidae, 18%; pygmy and dwarf sperm whales, 14%). Key results Beginning in 1991, reports of stranding events increased (183 events, 322 individuals, 20 species from seven families: Dugongidae, Physeteridae, Delphinidae, Kogiidae, Ziphiidae, Balaenopteridae, Otariidae), with hotspots identified on the west coast (Bourail, Ouano, Nouméa) and in Prony Bay. Causes of death were not determined in 84% of stranding events, but were identified in the majority of expert-led necropsies (24 of 29 individuals from 10 species). Yet, valuable information regarding the impact of anthropogenic activities was gathered for some species of concern, such as the endangered dugong (28% human-caused). Since 2016, training and outreach have been provided to rangers, veterinarians, and various public safety officers to support their engagement in the scientific monitoring of marine mammal strandings. A website (www.rescue.ird.nc) was developed to facilitate standardised data collection and storage, and to provide public access to stranding records. Conclusion Although the number of individuals reported here remains modest, this study provides new information on poorly documented species in New Caledonia. Implications Long-term monitoring of strandings can help design effective conservation measures., Contexte Les échouages constituent une source d’informations importante pour estimer la biodiversité des mammifères marins, en particulier dans les bassins océaniques pour lesquels les données sont rares, comme l’Océanie Objectif Nous présentons ici les connaissances acquises à partir de 218 échouages enregistrés dans les eaux de Nouvelle-Calédonie (1877–2022). Méthodes Nous avons étudié la distribution spatio-temporelle, les signatures isotopiques, les éléments traces, les mesures biométriques, la diversité génétique et le régime alimentaire des quatre taxons les plus fréquemment échoués (dugongs, 35% des échouages; cachalots, 19%; Delphinidae, 18% ; cachalots pygmées et nains, 14%). Principaux résultats À partir de 1991, les signalements d’échouages ont augmenté (183 événements, 322 individus, 20 espèces de sept familles: Dugongidae, Physeteridae, Delphinidae, Kogiidae, Ziphiidae, Balaenopteridae, Otariidae), avec des points chauds identifiés sur la côte ouest de la Grande Terre (Bourail, Ouano, Nouméa) et dans la Baie de Prony. Les causes de décès n’ont pas été déterminées pour 84% des échouages, mais elles ont été identifiées dans la majorité des autopsies réalisées par des vétérinaires (24 des 29 individus de 10 espèces). Des informations précieuses concernant l’impact des activités anthropiques ont été recueillies pour certaines espèces préoccupantes, telles que le dugong, une espèce en voie de disparition (28% des échouages d’origine humaine). Depuis 2016, des formations et des activités de sensibilisation ont été dispensées aux gardes nature, aux vétérinaires et à divers agents publics pour soutenir leur engagement dans la surveillance scientifique des échouages de mammifères marins. Un site Web (www.rescue.ird.nc) a été développé pour faciliter la collecte et le stockage de données standardisées et pour fournir un accès public aux enregistrements d’échouages. Conclusion Bien que le nombre d’individus signalés échoués ici reste modeste, cette étude apporte d

Published
2024
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9. Diversity of mitochondrial DNA in three species of great whales before and after modern whaling

Author

Sremba, Angela L, primary, Martin, Anthony R, additional, Wilson, Peter, additional, Cypriano-Souza, Ana Lúcia, additional, Buss, Danielle L, additional, Hart, Tom, additional, Engel, Marcia H, additional, Bonatto, Sandro L, additional, Rosenbaum, Howard, additional, Collins, Tim, additional, Olavarría, Carlos, additional, Archer, Frederick I, additional, Steel, Debbie, additional, Jackson, Jennifer A, additional, and Baker, C Scott, additional

Published
2023
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10. Acoustic recordings, biological observations, and genetic identification of a rare(?) beaked whale in the North Pacific:Mesoplodon carlhubbsi

Author

Ballance, Lisa T., primary, Pitman, Robert L., additional, Barlow, Jay, additional, Pusser, Todd, additional, DeAngelis, Annamaria I., additional, Hayslip, Craig, additional, Irvine, Ladd, additional, Steel, Debbie, additional, Baker, C. Scott, additional, Gillies, Daniel, additional, Baumann‐Pickering, Simone, additional, Trickey, Jennifer S., additional, and Gisborne, Brian, additional

Published
2023
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11. Acoustic recordings, biological observations, and genetic identification of a rare(?) beaked whale in the North Pacific: Mesoplodon carlhubbsi.

Author

Ballance, Lisa T., Pitman, Robert L., Barlow, Jay, Pusser, Todd, DeAngelis, Annamaria I., Hayslip, Craig, Irvine, Ladd, Steel, Debbie, Baker, C. Scott, Gillies, Daniel, Baumann‐Pickering, Simone, Trickey, Jennifer S., and Gisborne, Brian

Subjects
BEAKED whales, VISUAL perception, NUCLEOTIDE sequence, SPECIES distribution, DNA sequencing, IDENTIFICATION
Abstract

Although Hubbs' beaked whale (Mesoplodon carlhubbsi) was previously known from over 60 strandings on both sides of the North Pacific, it had been identified alive in the wild only once, off Oregon in 1994. In September 2021, we conducted a search effort for beaked whales off the coast of Oregon using a towed hydrophone array and a visual search team. Approximately 350 km off the Columbia River mouth, we detected the vocalizations of an unidentified mesoplodont whale; we stopped our vessel and waited in the area until two unidentified juvenile Mesoplodon surfaced and stayed near our vessel for almost 2 hr. During that time, we took numerous photographs and videos, made behavioral observations, and recorded their vocalizations. The DNA sequence from a biopsy sample identified them as M. carlhubbsi. In this paper, we discuss our biological observations, including color patterning and acquired markings, behavioral observations, and describe for the first time the acoustic characteristics of this species. We confirm that M. carlhubbsi is the source of a previously unidentified acoustic signal known as BW37V, and we update what is known about the at‐sea distribution of this species based on previous recordings and observational records. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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12. Diversity of mitochondrial DNA in 3 species of great whales before and after modern whaling.

Author

Sremba, Angela L, Martin, Anthony R, Wilson, Peter, Cypriano-Souza, Ana Lúcia, Buss, Danielle L, Hart, Tom, Engel, Marcia H, Bonatto, Sandro L, Rosenbaum, Howard, Collins, Tim, Olavarría, Carlos, Archer, Frederick I, Steel, Debbie, Jackson, Jennifer A, and Baker, C Scott

Subjects
BALEEN whales, MITOCHONDRIAL DNA, BLUE whale, WHALING, WHALES, GENETIC variation
Abstract

The 20th century commercial whaling industry severely reduced populations of great whales throughout the Southern Hemisphere. The effect of this exploitation on genetic diversity and population structure remains largely undescribed. Here, we compare pre- and post-whaling diversity of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region sequences for 3 great whales in the South Atlantic, such as the blue, humpback, and fin whale. Pre-whaling diversity is described from mtDNA extracted from bones collected near abandoned whaling stations, primarily from the South Atlantic island of South Georgia. These bones are known to represent the first stage of 20th century whaling and thus pre-whaling diversity of these populations. Post-whaling diversity is described from previously published studies reporting large-scale sampling of living whales in the Southern Hemisphere. Despite relatively high levels of surviving genetic diversity in the post-whaling populations, we found evidence of a probable loss of mtDNA lineages in all 3 species. This is evidenced by the detection of a large number of haplotypes found in the pre-whaling samples that are not present in the post-whaling samples. A rarefaction analysis further supports a loss of haplotypes in the South Atlantic humpback and Antarctic blue whale populations. The bones from former whaling stations in the South Atlantic represent a remarkable molecular archive for further investigation of the decline and ongoing recovery in the great whales of the Southern Hemisphere. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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13. Diversity of mitochondrial DNA in three species of great whales before and after modern whaling

Author

Sremba, Angela L, Martin, Anthony R., Wilson, Peter, Cypriano-Souza, Ana Lúcia, Buss, Danielle L., Hart, Tom, Engel, Marcia H., Bonatto, Sandro L., Rosenbaum, Howard, Collins, Tim, Olavarría, Carlos, Archer, Frederick I., Steel, Debbie, Jackson, Jennifer A., Baker, C. Scott, Sremba, Angela L, Martin, Anthony R., Wilson, Peter, Cypriano-Souza, Ana Lúcia, Buss, Danielle L., Hart, Tom, Engel, Marcia H., Bonatto, Sandro L., Rosenbaum, Howard, Collins, Tim, Olavarría, Carlos, Archer, Frederick I., Steel, Debbie, Jackson, Jennifer A., and Baker, C. Scott

Abstract

The 20 th century commercial whaling industry severely reduced populations of great whales throughout the Southern Hemisphere. The effect of this exploitation on genetic diversity and population structure remains largely undescribed. Here, we compare pre- and post-whaling diversity of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region sequences for three great whales in the South Atlantic, the blue, humpback and fin whale. Pre-whaling diversity is described from mtDNA extracted from bones collected near abandoned whaling stations, primarily from the South Atlantic island of South Georgia. These bones are known to represent the first stage of 20 th century whaling and thus pre-whaling diversity of these populations. Post-whaling diversity is described from previously published studies reporting large-scale sampling of living whales in the Southern Hemisphere. Despite relatively high levels of surviving genetic diversity in the post-whaling populations, we found evidence of a probable loss of mtDNA lineages in all three species. This is evidenced by the detection of a large number of haplotypes found in the pre-whaling samples that are not present in the post-whaling samples. A rarefaction analysis further supports a loss of haplotypes in the South Atlantic humpback and Antarctic blue whale populations. The bones from former whaling stations in the South Atlantic represent a remarkable molecular archive for further investigation of the decline and ongoing recovery in the great whales of the Southern Hemisphere.

Published
2023

14. Contributors

Author

Acevedo-Gutiérrez, Alejandro, primary, Adam, Peter J., additional, Aguilar, Alex, additional, Amano, Masao, additional, Anderson, Paul K., additional, Archer, Frederick I., additional, Arnould, John P.Y., additional, Atkinson, Shannon, additional, Au, Whitlow W.L., additional, Aurioles-Gamboa, David, additional, Javier Aznar, F., additional, Baird, Robin W., additional, Baker, C. Scott, additional, Ballance, Lisa T., additional, Balbuena, Juan A., additional, Bannister, John L., additional, Barlow, Jay, additional, Barton, Sheri L., additional, Bearzi, Giovanni, additional, Beasley, Isabel, additional, Bekoff, Marc, additional, Ben-David, M., additional, Bengtson, John L., additional, Berta, Annalisa, additional, Bérubé, Martine, additional, Bester, Marthán N., additional, Bianucci, Giovanni, additional, Bjørge, Arne, additional, Black, Nancy A., additional, Bodkin, J.L., additional, Bonde, Robert K., additional, Borger, Jill, additional, Borrell, Asuncion, additional, Boveng, Peter, additional, Bowen, W.D., additional, Boyd, Ian L., additional, Braulik, Gillian T., additional, Brown, Alexander M., additional, Brownell, Robert L., additional, Buckland, Stephen T., additional, Burns, John J., additional, Cabrera, Andrea A., additional, Campagna, Claudio, additional, Cantor, Mauricio, additional, Cárdenas-Alayza, Susana, additional, Cárdenas-Hinojosa, Gustavo, additional, Castellini, Michael, additional, Cerchio, Salvatore, additional, Champagne, Cory D., additional, Chilvers, B. Louise, additional, Chivers, Susan J., additional, Cipriano, Frank, additional, Clapham, Phillip J., additional, Constantine, Rochelle, additional, Cooper, Lisa N., additional, Corkeron, Peter, additional, Costa, Daniel P., additional, Costidis, Alexander M., additional, Cowan, Daniel F., additional, Cranford, Ted, additional, Crespo, Enrique A., additional, Crocker, Daniel E., additional, Croll, Donald A., additional, da Silva, Vera M.F., additional, Danil, Kerri, additional, Darling, Jim, additional, Dawson, Stephen M., additional, de Muizon, Christian, additional, de Vos, Asha, additional, Dehnhardt, Guido, additional, DeMaster, Douglas P., additional, Deméré, Thomas A., additional, Dendrinos, Panagiotis, additional, Dill, Lawrence M., additional, Dizon, Andrew E., additional, L. Dolar, M. Louella, additional, Domning, Daryl P., additional, Donovan, G.P., additional, Dudzinski, Kathleen M., additional, Duffield, Deborah A., additional, Dyer, Michael P., additional, Ellis, Richard, additional, Eskelinen, Holli, additional, Estes, James A., additional, Evans, Peter G.H., additional, Fernández, Mercedes, additional, Fertl, Dagmar, additional, Fettuccia, Daniela de Castro, additional, Fiedler, Paul C., additional, Fish, Frank E., additional, Flores, Paulo A.C., additional, Forcada, Jaume, additional, Ford, John K.B., additional, Fordyce, R. Ewan, additional, Forestell, Paul H., additional, Forney, Karin A., additional, Fowler, Charles W., additional, Frankel, Adam S., additional, Friedlaender, Ari S., additional, Frohoff, Toni, additional, Frost, Kathryn J., additional, Galatius, Anders, additional, García-Vernet, Raquel, additional, Geisler, Jonathan H., additional, Gelatt, Thomas S., additional, Gentry, Roger, additional, George, J. Craig, additional, Gerrodette, Tim, additional, Goldbogen, Jeremy A., additional, Goldsworthy, Simon D., additional, P. Goodall, R. Natalie, additional, Goodman, Simon J., additional, Gregg, Justin D., additional, Hall, Ailsa J., additional, Hammill, Mike O., additional, Hammond, Philip S., additional, Hanke, Frederike D., additional, Hartman, Karin L., additional, Hazen, Elliott, additional, Heide-Jørgensen, M.P., additional, Heithaus, Michael R., additional, Herman, Louis M., additional, Herzing, Denise L., additional, Hewitt, Roger P., additional, Hindell, Mark A., additional, Hoelzel, A. Rus, additional, Hofmeyr, G. J. Greg, additional, Hohn, Aleta A., additional, Hooker, Sascha K., additional, Horstmann, Lara, additional, Horwood, Joseph, additional, Hoyt, Erich, additional, Hückstädt, Luis A., additional, Ivashchenko, Yulia V., additional, Iverson, Sara J., additional, Janik, Vincent M., additional, Jaramillo-Legorreta, Armando M., additional, Jefferson, Thomas A., additional, Jensen, Anne M., additional, Karamanlidis, Alexandros A., additional, Kasuya, Toshio, additional, Kato, Hidehiro, additional, Keith Diagne, Lucy W., additional, Kemp, Christopher, additional, Kemper, Catherine M., additional, Kenney, Robert D., additional, Kinze, Carl C., additional, Kirkman, Stephen P., additional, Kiszka, Jeremy J., additional, Koopman, Heather N., additional, Kooyman, Gerald L., additional, Kovacs, Kit M., additional, Kraus, Scott D., additional, Krysl, Petr, additional, Laidre, Kristin L., additional, Laitman, Jeffrey T., additional, Lambert, Olivier, additional, Landry, André M., additional, Lavigne, David M., additional, LeDuc, Rick, additional, Lipsky, Jessica D., additional, Littnan, Charles, additional, Loughlin, Thomas R., additional, Lowry, Lloyd, additional, Lowther, Andrew D., additional, Lydersen, Christian, additional, Maas, Mary C., additional, MacLean, Stephen A., additional, MacLeod, Colin D., additional, Mallette, Sarah D., additional, Mann, Janet, additional, Maresh, Jennifer L., additional, Marsh, Helene, additional, Marshall, Christopher D., additional, Martin, Anthony R., additional, Mass, Alla M., additional, McAlpine, Donald F., additional, Chris McKnight, J., additional, McLellan, William A., additional, Mead, James G., additional, Melin, Sharon R., additional, Merrick, Richard, additional, Mesnick, Sarah L., additional, Miller, Edward H., additional, Miller, Lance J., additional, Miller, Patrick J.O., additional, Miyazaki, Nobuyuki, additional, Moore, Jeffrey E., additional, Moore, Kathleen M., additional, Moore, Michael, additional, Moore, Sue E., additional, Moors-Murphy, Hilary B., additional, Morin, Phillip A., additional, Newman, William A., additional, Newton, Kelly M., additional, Nieto-García, Edwyna, additional, Northridge, Simon, additional, Nummela, Sirpa, additional, O'Brien, Justine K., additional, O'Corry-Crowe, Gregory M., additional, Olsen, Morten T., additional, Olson, Paula A., additional, Oppenheimer, Jonas, additional, Orbach, Dara N., additional, Ortiz, Rudy M., additional, Pabst, D. Ann, additional, Palsbøll, Per J., additional, Parra, Guido J., additional, Patterson, Eric, additional, Paves-Hernández, Héctor, additional, Perrin, William F., additional, Perryman, Wayne L., additional, Pitman, Robert, additional, Pomeroy, Patrick P., additional, Ponganis, Paul J., additional, Powell, James A., additional, Pyenson, Nicholas D., additional, Racicot, Rachel, additional, Raga, J. Antonio, additional, Ralls, Katherine, additional, Raverty, Stephen, additional, Read, Andrew J., additional, Reeves, Randall R., additional, Regehr, Eric V., additional, Reggente, Melissa A.L., additional, Reidenberg, Joy S., additional, Reijnders, Peter J.H., additional, Reyes, Julio C., additional, Reynolds, John E., additional, Robeck, Todd R., additional, Robinson, Kelly J., additional, Rode, Karyn, additional, Rogers, Tracey, additional, Rojas-Bracho, Lorenzo, additional, Roman, Joe, additional, Rommel, Sentiel A., additional, Roos, Marjoleine M.H., additional, Rosel, Patricia E., additional, Rowntree, Victoria J., additional, Rugh, David, additional, Russell, Debbie J.F., additional, Sayigh, Laela S., additional, Scolardi, Kerri M., additional, Scott, Michael D., additional, Sears, Richard, additional, Seger, Jon, additional, Sharp, Sarah, additional, Sheehan, Glenn W., additional, Silber, Gregory K., additional, Simeone, Claire A., additional, Smith, Brian D., additional, Southall, Brandon L., additional, Spitz, Jérôme, additional, Spoor, Fred, additional, Stacey, Rita, additional, Staniland, Iain J., additional, Steel, Debbie, additional, Stern, S. Jonathan, additional, Stewart, Brent S., additional, Supin, Alexander Y., additional, Suydam, R., additional, Swartz, Steven L., additional, Teilmann, Jonas, additional, Tershy, Bernie R., additional, Thewissen, J.G.M., additional, Tinker, M.T., additional, Tolley, Krystal A., additional, Trillmich, Fritz, additional, Trites, Andrew W., additional, Turner, Ted, additional, Twiss, Sean D., additional, Tyack, Peter L., additional, Uhen, Mark D., additional, Van Franeker, Jan A., additional, Van Waerebeek, Koen, additional, Wade, Paul R., additional, Wang, John Y., additional, Weller, David W., additional, Wells, Randall S., additional, Werth, Alexander J., additional, Whitehead, Hal, additional, Williams, Terrie M., additional, Würsig, Bernd, additional, Yablokov, Alexey V., additional, Yamada, Tadasu K., additional, Yamato, Maya, additional, Yochem, Pamela K., additional, York, Anne E., additional, and Zhou, Kaiya, additional

Published
2018
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16. Mixed-stock analysis of humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) on Antarctic feeding grounds

Author

Schmitt, Natalie T., primary, Double, Michael C., additional, Baker, Scott, additional, Gales, Nick, additional, Childerhouse, Simon, additional, Polanowski, Andrea M., additional, Steel, Debbie, additional, Albertson, Renee, additional, Olavarria, Carlos, additional, Garrigue, Claire, additional, Poole, Michael, additional, Hauser, Nan, additional, Constantine, Rochelle, additional, Paton, David, additional, Jenner, Curt S., additional, Jarman, Simon N., additional, and Peakall, Rod, additional

Published
2023
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17. A surplus no more? Variation in krill availability impacts reproductive rates of Antarctic baleen whales

Author

Pallin, Logan J., primary, Kellar, Nick M., additional, Steel, Debbie, additional, Botero‐Acosta, Natalia, additional, Baker, C. Scott, additional, Conroy, Jack A., additional, Costa, Daniel P., additional, Johnson, Chris M., additional, Johnston, David W., additional, Nichols, Ross C., additional, Nowacek, Doug P., additional, Read, Andrew J., additional, Savenko, Oksana, additional, Schofield, Oscar M., additional, Stammerjohn, Sharon E., additional, Steinberg, Deborah K., additional, and Friedlaender, Ari S., additional

Published
2023
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18. Marine mammal strandings recorded in New Caledonia, South West Pacific Ocean, 1877 to 2022

Author

Garrigue, Claire, primary, Derville, Solène, additional, Bonneville, Claire, additional, Brisset, Maële, additional, Bustamante, Paco, additional, Cleguer, Christophe, additional, Clua, Eric E. G., additional, Dabin, Willy, additional, Fiat, Sylvie, additional, Justine, Jean-Lou, additional, Machful, Pauline, additional, Mai, Tepoerau, additional, Plichon, Patrice, additional, Portal, Annie, additional, Sidobre, Christine, additional, Steel, Debbie, additional, Vivier, Jean-Christophe, additional, and Vourey, Elodie, additional

Published
2023
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25. Mitochondrial diversity and inter-specific phylogeny among dolphins of the genus Stenella in the Southwest Atlantic Ocean

Author

Faria, Drienne Messa, primary, Steel, Debbie, additional, Baker, C. Scott, additional, da Silva, José Martins, additional, de Meirelles, Ana Carolina Oliveira, additional, Souto, Luciano Raimundo Alardo, additional, Siciliano, Salvatore, additional, Barbosa, Lupércio Araujo, additional, Secchi, Eduardo, additional, Di Tullio, Juliana Couto, additional, de Oliveira, Larissa Rosa, additional, Ott, Paulo Henrique, additional, and Farro, Ana Paula Cazerta, additional

Published
2022
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29. From Settlers to Subspecies: Genetic Differentiation in Commerson’s Dolphins Between South America and the Kerguelen Islands

Author

Kraft, Sebastián, primary, Pérez-Alvarez, MJosé, additional, Olavarría, Carlos, additional, Moraga, Rodrigo, additional, Baker, C. Scott, additional, Steel, Debbie, additional, Tixier, Paul, additional, Guinet, Christophe, additional, Viricel, Amelia, additional, Brickle, Paul, additional, Costa, Marina, additional, Crespo, Enrique, additional, Durante, Cristian, additional, Loizaga, Rocio, additional, and Poulin, Elie, additional

Published
2021
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30. Mesoplodon eueu Carroll & McGowen & McCarthy & Marx & Aguilar & Dalebout & Dreyer & Gaggiotti & Hansen & Helden & Onoufriou & Baird & Baker & Berrow & Cholewiak & Claridge & Constantine & Davison & Eira & Fordyce & Gatesy & Greg Hofmeyr & Martín & Mead & Mignucci-Giannoni & Morin & Reyes & Rogan & Rosso & Silva & Springer & Steel & Olsen 2021, sp. nov

Author

Carroll, Emma L., McGowen, Michael R., McCarthy, Morgan L., Marx, Felix G., Aguilar, Natacha, Dalebout, Merel L., Dreyer, Sascha, Gaggiotti, Oscar E., Hansen, Sabine S., Helden, Anton van, Onoufriou, Aubrie B., Baird, Robin W., Baker, C. Scott, Berrow, Simon, Cholewiak, Danielle, Claridge, Diane, Constantine, Rochelle, Davison, Nicholas J., Eira, Catarina, Fordyce, R. Ewan, Gatesy, John, Greg Hofmeyr, G. J., Martín, Vidal, Mead, James G., Mignucci-Giannoni, Antonio A., Morin, Phillip A., Reyes, Cristel, Rogan, Emer, Rosso, Massimiliano, Silva, Mónica A., Springer, Mark S., Steel, Debbie, and Olsen, Morten Tange

Subjects
Hyperoodontidae, Mammalia, Animalia, Biodiversity, Cetacea, Mesoplodon eueu, Chordata, Mesoplodon, Taxonomy
Abstract

Mesoplodon eueu sp. nov. Holotype NMNZ MM003000, a pregnant, 5.06 m long adult female named Nihongore by Te Rūnanga o Makaawhio. Collected by Ramari Stewart, Nathaniel Scott and Don Neale after beachcast on 27 November 2011. The complete skeletons of the female and fetus are held by Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa (NMNZ, Wellington, Aotearoa New Zealand; specimen MM003000), and a tissue sample is held in the New Zealand Cetacean Tissue Archive (NZCeTA, Universityof Auckland, Auckland, Aotearoa New Zealand; all institutional abbreviations in electronic supplementary material, S1). Type locality Waiatoto Spit, South Westland, Aotearoa New Zealand. Paratypes Adult females (PEM N0136 and PEM N3438) and adult male (PEM N1114) held at Port Elizabeth Museum (Gqeberha, South Africa) and adult males (SAM-ZM-041596 and SAM- ZM-039840) held at Iziko South African Museum (Cape Town, South Africa). Full description of paratypes is found in electronic supplementary material S2. Etymology The scientific and common names acknowledge links with Indigenous communities in South Africa and Aotearoa New Zealand, respectively, and were chosen in consultation with these peoples. Most of the South African strandings come from territory inhabited by the Khoisan peoples. Guided by the Khoisan Council, we chose the name //eu//’eu (simplified to eueu to fit nomenclature standards; correct pronunciation available in associated audio clip a 1 in the electronic supplementary material), which means ‘big fish’ in Khwedam (from the Khoe language family). In Aotearoa New Zealand, Māori cultural expert Brad Haami developed a shortlist of potential names meaningful in the Māori language, whichwasthen sent for comment to Te Rūnanga o Ngāi Tahu. The selected common name, Ramari’ s beaked whale, pays homage to Māoritohunga (expert) Ramari Stewart, who has kept traditional knowledge alive, contributed extensively to scientific research on marine mammals, and helped prepare the skeleton of the holotype. The word ‘Ramari’ means a rare event in the Māori language, reflecting the elusive nature of most beaked whales. Diagnosis Molecular characteristics M. eueu differs from M. mirus based on nuclear DNA markers, and from M. mirus and its closest relatives M. europaeus, M. ginkgodens and M. bidens using mtDNA markers (figure 2). M. mirus is distinct from all other mesoplodont species based on previous mitochondrial and nuclear DNA trees [7,20,24]. Mitochondrial DNA: analysis of mitochondrial data includes sequences from the holotypes of both M. mirus and M. eueu at all sequence lengths. Over the 304 bp mitochondrial control region segment, M. eueu is distinguished by seven fixed differences from M. mirus, with F ST = 0.85 (p dA = 0.04 between the two species. At the full mitochondrial genome lengths, M. eueu is distinguished by 579 fixed differences from M. mirus with F ST = 0.96 (p dA = 0.04 (electronic supplementary material, table S2). Nuclear DNA: reduced representation sequencing with ddRAD showed M. eueu had a distinct admixture pattern to M. mirus (figure 2), and an F ST = 0.64 (p M. mirus and M. eueu weredistinguished by 1909 fixed differences (12%, per SNP allele error rate = 0.002), across a dataset of 15671 SNPs found between or within both species. Comparison of one whole nuclear genome each from M. mirus and M. eueu showed a level of nucleotide divergence of 0.28%. Morphological characters M. eueu is a larger (5.3 m) species of Mesoplodon differing from all other members of the genus except M. mirus, M. hectori and M. perrini in having tusks positioned at the tip of the mandible. It also differs from M. hectori and M. perrini in having smaller, less triangular tusks and from M. mirus in having a relatively shorter rostrum with a wider base, a shorter mandibular symphysis, wider premaxillary sac fossae and crests, and a taller cranium. External appearance The external appearances of M. eueu and M. mirus are not known to be consistently distinguishable. Both species are rotund mesoplodonts with bodies that taper towards the tail and rostrum, with somewhat bulbous and well-defined melons, a mostly straight beak and short, straight gape. Colouration is generally grey with a dark eye patch in both species, but there may be specific colouration patterns linked to M. eueu; for example, a female that stranded in South Africa showed a whitish dorsal colouration from the fin to caudal peduncle [14]. However, Aguilar et al. [6] reported M. mirus with varying dorsal and ventral white colouration in the Canary and Azores Islands, so colouration patterns linked to species cannot yet be conclusively defined. Distribution M. eueu probably occurs throughout temperate SH waters, with reports from several locations. Genetic methods have confirmed at least some of these records in South Africa ([20], this study), Australia [20] and Aotearoa New Zealand [11]. Nomenclatural acts This published work and the nomenclatural acts it contains are registered in ZooBank (http://zoobank.org/), the online registration system for the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN). The ZooBank Life Science Identifier is urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub: C61A1A33-B234-476E- AA24-86C6ED130C10, and for the new species is urn:lsid:zoo bank.org:act: C56121C4-1E15-4A07-A270-D92AF43AE74A.

Published
2021
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31. Remote Antarctic feeding ground important for east Australian humpback whales

Author

Constantine, Rochelle, Steel, Debbie, Allen, Judy, Anderson, Megan, Andrews, Olive, Baker, C. Scott, Beeman, Peta, Burns, Daniel, Charrassin, Jean-Benoît, Childerhouse, Simon, Double, Michael, Ensor, Paul, Franklin, Trish, Franklin, Wally, Gales, Nick, Garrigue, Claire, Gibbs, Nadine, Harrison, Peter, Hauser, Nan, Hutsel, Amanda, Jenner, Curt, Jenner, Micheline-Nicole, Kaufman, Greg, Macie, Anne, Mattila, David, Olavarría, Carlos, Oosterman, Adrian, Paton, David, Poole, Michael, Robbins, Jooke, Schmitt, Natalie, Stevick, Peter, Tagarino, Alden, Thompson, Kirsten, and Ward, Juney

Published
2014
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32. mtDNA heteroplasmy gives rise to a new maternal lineage in North Pacific humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae).

Author

Pierszalowski, Sophie P, Steel, Debbie J, Gabriele, Christine M, Neilson, Janet L, Vanselow, Phoebe B S, Cedarleaf, Jennifer A, Straley, Janice M, and Baker, C Scott

Subjects
*HUMPBACK whale, *MITOCHONDRIAL DNA, *HAPLOTYPES, *DNA data banks, *BASE pairs, *DNA fingerprinting
Abstract

Heteroplasmy in the mitochondrial genome offers a rare opportunity to track the evolution of a newly arising maternal lineage in populations of non-model species. Here, we identified a previously unreported mitochondrial DNA haplotype while assembling an integrated database of DNA profiles and photo-identification records from humpback whales in southeastern Alaska (SEAK). The haplotype, referred to as A8 , was shared by only 2 individuals, a mature female with her female calf, and differed by only a single base pair from a common haplotype in the North Pacific, referred to as A−. To investigate the origins of the A8 haplotype, we reviewed n = 1,089 electropherograms (including replicate samples) of n = 710 individuals with A− haplotypes from an existing collection. From this review, we found 20 individuals with clear evidence of heteroplasmy for A− / A8 (parental/derived) haplotypes. Of these, 15 were encountered in SEAK, 4 were encountered on the Hawaiian breeding ground (the primary migratory destination for whales in SEAK), and 1 was encountered in the northern Gulf of Alaska. We used genotype exclusion and likelihood to identify one of the heteroplasmic females as the likely mother of the A8 cow and grandmother of the A8 calf, establishing the inheritance and germ-line fixation of the new haplotype from the parental heteroplasmy. The mutation leading to this heteroplasmy and the fixation of the A8 haplotype provide an opportunity to document the population dynamics and regional fidelity of a newly arising maternal lineage in a population recovering from exploitation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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34. Speciation in the deep: genomics and morphology reveal a new species of beaked whaleMesoplodon eueu

Author

Carroll, Emma L., primary, McGowen, Michael R., additional, McCarthy, Morgan L., additional, Marx, Felix G., additional, Aguilar, Natacha, additional, Dalebout, Merel L., additional, Dreyer, Sascha, additional, Gaggiotti, Oscar E., additional, Hansen, Sabine S., additional, van Helden, Anton, additional, Onoufriou, Aubrie B., additional, Baird, Robin W., additional, Baker, C. Scott, additional, Berrow, Simon, additional, Cholewiak, Danielle, additional, Claridge, Diane, additional, Constantine, Rochelle, additional, Davison, Nicholas J., additional, Eira, Catarina, additional, Fordyce, R. Ewan, additional, Gatesy, John, additional, Hofmeyr, G. J. Greg, additional, Martín, Vidal, additional, Mead, James G., additional, Mignucci-Giannoni, Antonio A., additional, Morin, Phillip A., additional, Reyes, Cristel, additional, Rogan, Emer, additional, Rosso, Massimiliano, additional, Silva, Mónica A., additional, Springer, Mark S., additional, Steel, Debbie, additional, and Olsen, Morten Tange, additional

Published
2021
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35. Phylogeography and demographic inference of the endangered sei whale, with implications for conservation

Author

Pérez‐Álvarez, María José, primary, Rodríguez, Francisca, additional, Kraft, Sebastián, additional, Segovia, Nicolás, additional, Olavarría, Carlos, additional, Baker, C. Scott, additional, Steel, Debbie, additional, Funahashi, Naoko, additional, Häussermann, Verena, additional, Ulloa, Mauricio, additional, Naretto, Camilo, additional, and Poulin, Elie, additional

Published
2021
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36. SuppMat_Tables_Figs_Meueu_ProcB_30Sep21 from Speciation in the deep: genomics and morphology reveal a new species of beaked whale Mesoplodon eueu

Author

Carroll, Emma L., McGowen, Michael R., McCarthy, Morgan L., Marx, Felix G., Aguilar, Natacha, Dalebout, Merel L., Dreyer, Sascha, Gaggiotti, Oscar E., Hansen, Sabine S., van Helden, Anton, Onoufriou, Aubrie B., Baird, Robin W., Baker, C. Scott, Berrow, Simon, Cholewiak, Danielle, Claridge, Diane, Constantine, Rochelle, Davison, Nicholas J., Eira, Catarina, Fordyce, R. Ewan, Gatesy, John, Hofmeyr, G. J. Greg, Martín, Vidal, Mead, James G., Mignucci-Giannoni, Antonio A., Morin, Phillip A., Reyes, Cristel, Rogan, Emer, Rosso, Massimiliano, Silva, Mónica A., Springer, Mark S., Steel, Debbie, and Olsen, Morten Tange

Abstract

This document contains Supplementary material text, tables S1-S4, and figures S1-S8.

Published
2021
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37. From Settlers to Subspecies: Genetic Differentiation in Commerson’s Dolphins Between South America and the Kerguelen Islands

Author

Kraft, Sebastián, Pérez-alvarez, Mjosé, Olavarría, Carlos, Moraga, Rodrigo, Baker, C. Scott, Steel, Debbie, Tixier, Paul, Guinet, Christophe, Viricel, Amelia, Brickle, Paul, Costa, Marina, Crespo, Enrique, Durante, Cristian, Loizaga, Rocio, Poulin, Elie, Kraft, Sebastián, Pérez-alvarez, Mjosé, Olavarría, Carlos, Moraga, Rodrigo, Baker, C. Scott, Steel, Debbie, Tixier, Paul, Guinet, Christophe, Viricel, Amelia, Brickle, Paul, Costa, Marina, Crespo, Enrique, Durante, Cristian, Loizaga, Rocio, and Poulin, Elie

Abstract

Commerson’s dolphins (Cephalorhynchus commersonii) are separated into the subspecies C. c. commersonii, found along southern South America (SA) and the Falkland Islands/Islas Malvinas (FI/IM), and C. c. kerguelenensis, restricted to the subantarctic Kerguelen Islands (KI). Following the dispersal model proposed for the genus, the latter is thought to have originated from SA after a long-distance dispersal event. To evaluate this biogeographic scenario, a distribution-wide, balanced sampling of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region sequences was designed. New tissue samples from southern Chile, Argentina, FI/IM, and KI were added to published sequences from SA and KI, for a total of 256 samples. Genetic diversity indices, genetic and phylogeographic structure, and migration rates were calculated. One haplotype was shared between subspecies, with which all haplotypes of C. c. kerguelenensis formed a distinct group in the haplotype network. A new haplotype for C. c. kerguelenensis is reported. Differentiation in haplotype frequencies was found among localities within the distribution of C. c. commersonii, yet the phylogeographic signal was only statistically significant between subspecies. Coalescent-based historical gene flow estimations indicated migration between the northern and southern portions of the species’ range in SA as well as between SA and the FI/IM, but not between these and the KI. The net nucleotide divergence between dolphins from SA and the FI/IM was lower than the recommended threshold value suggested for delimiting subspecies, unlike that found between C. c. commersonii and C. c. kerguelenensis. The results are consistent with the model of post-glacial colonization of KI by South American C. commersonii, followed by an ongoing divergence process and subspecies status. Thus, C. c. kerguelenensis may represent the most recent diversification step of Cephalorhynchus, where isolation from their source population is driving a process of incipient spe

Published
2021
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38. Speciation in the deep:genomics and morphology reveal a new species of beaked whale Mesoplodon eueu

Author

Carroll, Emma L., McGowen, Michael R., McCarthy, Morgan L., Marx, Felix G., Aguilar, Natacha, Dalebout, Merel L., Dreyer, Sascha, Gaggiotti, Oscar E., Hansen, Sabine S., van Helden, Anton, Onoufriou, Aubrie B., Baird, Robin W., Baker, C. Scott, Berrow, Simon, Cholewiak, Danielle, Claridge, Diane, Constantine, Rochelle, Davison, Nicholas J., Eira, Catarina, Fordyce, R. Ewan, Gatesy, John, Hofmeyr, G. J. Greg, Martin, Vidal, Mead, James G., Mignucci-Giannoni, Antonio A., Morin, Phillip A., Reyes, Cristel, Rogan, Emer, Rosso, Massimiliano, Silva, Mónica A., Springer, Mark S., Steel, Debbie, Olsen, Morten Tange, Carroll, Emma L., McGowen, Michael R., McCarthy, Morgan L., Marx, Felix G., Aguilar, Natacha, Dalebout, Merel L., Dreyer, Sascha, Gaggiotti, Oscar E., Hansen, Sabine S., van Helden, Anton, Onoufriou, Aubrie B., Baird, Robin W., Baker, C. Scott, Berrow, Simon, Cholewiak, Danielle, Claridge, Diane, Constantine, Rochelle, Davison, Nicholas J., Eira, Catarina, Fordyce, R. Ewan, Gatesy, John, Hofmeyr, G. J. Greg, Martin, Vidal, Mead, James G., Mignucci-Giannoni, Antonio A., Morin, Phillip A., Reyes, Cristel, Rogan, Emer, Rosso, Massimiliano, Silva, Mónica A., Springer, Mark S., Steel, Debbie, and Olsen, Morten Tange

Published
2021

41. ‘Genoustics’: Combining near-field acoustic records, genetic identity, and photograph records of an individual blue whale off the central Oregon coast

Author

Sremba, Angela L., primary, Sirovic, Ana, additional, Dziak, Robert P., additional, Baker, C. Scott, additional, Mate, Bruce R., additional, Hayslip, Craig E., additional, Steel, Debbie J., additional, Haxel, Joseph H., additional, Palacios, Daniel M., additional, and Calambokidis, John C., additional

Published
2019
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44. Application of a multi-disciplinary approach to reveal population structure and Southern Ocean feeding grounds of humpback whales

Author

Riekkola, Leena, primary, Zerbini, Alexandre N., additional, Andrews, Olive, additional, Andrews-Goff, Virginia, additional, Baker, C. Scott, additional, Chandler, David, additional, Childerhouse, Simon, additional, Clapham, Phillip, additional, Dodémont, Remi, additional, Donnelly, David, additional, Friedlaender, Ari, additional, Gallego, Ramon, additional, Garrigue, Claire, additional, Ivashchenko, Yulia, additional, Jarman, Simon, additional, Lindsay, Rebecca, additional, Pallin, Logan, additional, Robbins, Jooke, additional, Steel, Debbie, additional, Tremlett, James, additional, Vindenes, Silje, additional, and Constantine, Rochelle, additional

Published
2018
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47. Genetic differentiation between humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) from Atlantic and Pacific breeding grounds of South America

Author

Cypriano-Souza, Ana Lúcia, primary, Engel, Márcia H., additional, Caballero, Susana, additional, Olavarría, Carlos, additional, Flórez-González, Lilián, additional, Capella, Juan, additional, Steel, Debbie, additional, Sremba, Angie, additional, Aguayo, Anelio, additional, Thiele, Deborah, additional, Baker, C. Scott, additional, and Bonatto, Sandro L., additional

Published
2016
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50. Mixed-stock analysis of humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) on Antarctic feeding grounds

Author

Schmitt, Natalie, Double, Michael C., Baker, Scott, Gales, Nick, Childerhouse, Simon, Polanowski, Andrea M., Steel, Debbie, Albertson, Renee, Olavarria, Carlos, Garrigue, Claire, Poole, Michael, Hauser, Nan, Constantine, Rochelle, Paton, David, Jenner, K. Curt S., Jarman, Simon N., Peakall, Rodney, Schmitt, Natalie, Double, Michael C., Baker, Scott, Gales, Nick, Childerhouse, Simon, Polanowski, Andrea M., Steel, Debbie, Albertson, Renee, Olavarria, Carlos, Garrigue, Claire, Poole, Michael, Hauser, Nan, Constantine, Rochelle, Paton, David, Jenner, K. Curt S., Jarman, Simon N., and Peakall, Rodney

Published
2014

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