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The family Steccherinaceae includes genera with smooth, hydnoid, and poroid hymenophores, monomitic to dimitic hyphal systems, and generative hyphae with clamps or simple septa. Steccherinum is the...

A new poroid wood-inhabiting fungus in the family Steccherinaceae, Steccherinum fragile sp. nov., is described and illustrated from China based on morphological and molecular evidence. The species was collected in Yunnan Province, growing on the ground and undersides of rotten angiosperm wood. S. fragile is characterized by an annual growth habit, resupinate basidiocarps with salmon to peach pores when fresh becoming cinnamon buff to pinkish buff upon drying, a thin margin with distinct rhizomorphs, a monomitic hyphal system, generative hyphae thin- to distinctly thick-walled with simple septa, neither amyloid nor cyanophilous. The phylogenetic analysis based on ITS + nLSU rDNA sequences shows that the new species belongs to Steccherinum, forming a monophyletic lineage with strong support (100% BS, 100% BP, 1.00 BPP). In addition, a new combination, S. subcollabens, is also proposed based on examination of its type material and phylogenetic analysis. Phylogenetically, Steccherinum fragile is closely related to S. amapaense and groups with S. subcollabens, S. formosanum and S. collabens. Both morphological and molecular characters confirm the placement of the new species and combination in Steccherinum.

Steccherinum aurantilaetum is a predominantly East Asian polyporoid fungus from the Steccherinaceae. It was first discovered in the Krasnoarmeisky District of the Primorye and in the Khabarovsk Territory. Previously, it was known only in the «Kedrovaya Pad» Nature Reserve in the Primorye and in the «Bastak» Nature Reserve in the Jewish Autonomous Region (for the territory of Russia). An original description of the species based on Far Eastern material is given, and a map of the general distribution of S. aurantilaetum is presented for the first time.

Junghuhnia is a genus of polypores traditionally characterised by a dimitic hyphal system with clamped generative hyphae and presence of encrusted skeletocystidia. However, recent molecular studies revealed that Junghuhnia is polyphyletic and most of the species cluster with Steccherinum, a morphologically similar genus separated only by a hydnoid hymenophore. In the Neotropics, very little is known about the evolutionary relationships of Junghuhnia s.lat. taxa and very few species have been included in molecular studies. In order to test the proper phylogenetic placement of Neotropical species of this group, morphological and molecular analyses were carried out. Specimens were collected in Brazil and used for DNA sequence analyses of the internal transcribed spacer and the large subunit of the nuclear ribosomal RNA gene, the translation elongation factor 1-α gene, and the second largest subunit of RNA polymerase II gene. Herbarium collections, including type specimens, were studied for morphological comparison and to confirm the identity of collections. The molecular data obtained revealed that the studied species are placed in three different genera. Specimens of Junghuhnia carneola represent two distinct species that group in a lineage within the phlebioid clade, separated from Junghuhnia and Steccherinum, which belong to the residual polyporoid clade. Therefore, the new genus Geesterania is proposed including two species, G. carneola comb. nov. and G. davidii sp. nov. Neotropical specimens identified as Junghuhnia nitida represent a different lineage from the European species and are described as Steccherinum neonitidum sp. nov. In addition, the new combinations Steccherinum meridionale, Steccherinum polycystidiferum and Steccherinum undigerum, as well as the new name Flaviporus tenuis, are proposed.

Two new wood-inhabiting fungal species, Steccherinum tenuissimum and S. xanthum spp. nov. are described based on a combination of morphological features and molecular evidence. Steccherinum tenuissimum is characterized by an annual growth habit, resupinate basidiomata with an odontioid hymenial surface, a dimitic hyphal system with clamped generative hyphae, strongly encrusted cystidia and basidiospores measuring 3–5 × 2–3.5 μm. Steccherinum xanthum is characterized by odontioid basidiomata and a monomitic hyphal system with generative hyphae bearing clamp connections and covering by crystals, colourless, thin-walled, smooth, IKI–, CB–and has basidiospores measuring 2.7–5.5 × 1.8–4.0 μm. Sequences of the ITS and nLSU nrRNA gene regions of the studied samples were generated, and phylogenetic analyses were performed with maximum likelihood, maximum parsimony and Bayesian inference methods. The phylogenetic analyses based on molecular data of ITS + nLSU sequences showed that two new Steccherinum species felled into the residual polyporoid clade. Further investigation was obtained for more representative taxa in Steccherinum based on ITS + nLSU sequences, which demonstrated that S. tenuissimum and S. xanthum were sister to S. robustius with high support (100% BP, 100% BS and 1.00 BPP).

Polyporoid and corticioid fungi are among the most important wood-decay fungi. Not only do they contribute to nutrient cycling by decomposing wood debris, but they are also valuable sources for natural products. Polyporoid and corticioid wood-inhabiting fungi were investigated in Odaesan National Park. Fruit bodies were collected and identified based on morphological and molecular analyses using 28S and internal transcribed spacer regions of DNA sequences. As a result, a total of 149 species, 69 genera, 22 families, and 11 orders were recognized. Half (74 species) of the species were polypores, and the other half (75 species) were corticioid fungi. Most of the species belonged to Polyporales (92 species) followed by Hymenochaetales (33 species) and Russulales (11 species). At the genus level, a high number of species was observed from Steccherinum, Hyphodontia, Phanerochaete, Postia, and Trametes. Concerning distribution, almost all the species could be found below 1,000 m, and only 20% of the species were observed from above 1,000 m. Stereum subtomentosum, Trametes versicolor, T. hirsuta, T. pubescens, Bjerkandera adusta, and Ganoderma applanatum had wide distribution areas. Deciduous wood was the preferred substrate for the collected species. Sixty-three species were new to this region, and 21 species were new to Korea, of which 17 species were described and illustrated.

Seventeen species of aphyllophoroid fungi (Antrodiella ichnusana, Athelia bombacina, Bankera violascens, Ceraceomyces eludens, Crustoderma corneum, Mycoacia fuscoatra, Peniophora erikssonii, Phellodon melaleucus, Ph. niger, Radulodon aneirinus, Sistotrema sernanderi, Steccherinum lacerum, Tomentella griseoumbrina, Tomentellopsis echinospora, Trechispora nivea, T. subsphaerospora, Vuilleminia comedens) are reported as new in the Murmansk Region, collected from Pechengsky District. The distribution of the species in areas adjacent to the Murmansk Region (Republic of Karelia, Norway, Finland) is discussed. The surveys were carried out in operating (Pasvik Strict Nature Reserve) and planned (Regional Nature Monument "Bogs near Lake Alla-Akkajarvi" and Pazovsky Regional Nature Reserve) protected areas. The sightings of Antrodiella ich-nusana and Tomentella griseoumbrina are the northernmost in Fennoscandia. Information is given on the occurrence of Athelia arachnoidea, known in the region only from the Pasvik Strict Nature Reserve. Nowadays, the mycobiota of the Murmansk Region comprises 400 aphyllophoroid fungal species, including the ones mentioned in this article.

A new poroid wood-inhabiting fungal genus, Elaphroporia, typified by E. ailaoshanensis sp. nov., is proposed based on a combination of morphological features and molecular evidence. The genus is characterised by an annual growth habit, resupinate basidiocarps, becoming rigid and light-weight up on drying, a monomitic hyphal system with thick-walled generative hyphae bearing both clamp connections and simple septa, slightly amyloid, CB+ and ellipsoid, hyaline, thin-walled, smooth and IKI–, CB– basidiospores. Sequences of ITS and LSU nrRNA gene regions of the studied samples were generated, and phylogenetic analyses were performed with maximum likelihood, maximum parsimony and bayesian inference methods. The phylogenetic analysis based on molecular data of ITS+nLSU sequences showed that Elaphroporia belonged to the residual polyporoid clade and was closely related to Junghuhnia crustacea. Further investigation was obtained for more representative taxa in the Meruliaceae based on ITS+nLSU sequences, in which the result demonstrated that the genus Elaphroporia formed a monophyletic lineage with a strong support (100 % BS, 100 % BP, 1.00 BPP) and then grouped with Flaviporus and Steccherinum.

Steccherium bourdotii Saliba et David is described and illustrated. Also, its occurrence in Poland and in the world is presented. The fungus is reported here to be new in Poland, earlier it has been confused with Steccherinum ochraceum (Pers.: Fr.) S. F. Gray. A handful information on its ecology is provided.

The polyporales are a large order of pore fungi within the Basidiomycota (Kingdom Fungi). They are mostly found on decay wood with some edible and medicinal species and others causing diseases of trees. In Cameroon, the knowledge on the phylogeny of polyporales is limited, their historical uses as food, medicine, source of income and the sociological impacts are apparently threatened due to slow ethnomycology research drive. The aim of this study was to identify and determine the phylogenetic relationship of polyporales in the Bafut forest and document its uses to the local communities. DNA was extracted using CTAB method and amplified using primers ITS 1 and ITS4. Their identities were determined in GeneBank using BLAST and a phylogenetic analysis was done using MEGA version 7. For ethnomycological studies, a total of 180 semi structured questionnaires were used to collect information on traditional knowledge in four communities around the Bafut forest. Results from phylogenetic studies showed that, ten species were identified and belonged to seven genera comprising of the Microporus, Hexagonia, Ganoderma, Trametes, Favolus, Steccherinum and Cymatoderma which formed 7 independent monophyletic groups. Ethnomycological findings revealed that, polypores are used as food and medicine within these communities. Microporus xanthopus and Microporus vernicipes were used as food and medicine while all Trametes species were reported to be only medicinal. The Bafut people commonly called mushrooms “Boh” and those that grow on wood “Boh ti”. They usually differentiate the edible and nonedible mushroom using the term “yi kworu” and “yi tekworu”. Thus “Boh yi kworu” and “Boh yi tekworu” respectively. This study represents the first on the identification, phylogeny and uses of polyporales to the communities around the Bafut forest reserves and helps in their conservation.

Information on ten species of genus Steccherinum in India is provided. Of these nine are based on the collections made from state of Uttarakhand during 2010–2012, whereas S. laeticolor has been described by earlier workers but could not be collected during the present study. S. albofibrillosum, S. bourdotii, S. ciliolatum, S. cremeoalbum, S. oreophilum, S. robustius, and S. subcrinale are new records for the state of Uttarakhand and described in detail; however for S. fimbriatum, S. laeticolor, and S. ochraceum annotated notes have been given. S. albofibrillosum, S. bourdotii, S. cremeoalbum, S. oreophilum, and S. robustius are being reported for the first time from India.

Type specimens of fifteen, resupinate, crustose basidiomycetes with aculei described by various authors were examined. Nine taxa are later synonyms: Hydnum albiceps Berk. & Rav. (= Phlebia fascicularis), Hydnum chrysodon Berk. & M.A. Curtis (= Hydnophlebia chrysorhiza), Hydnum hypochrum Berk. & Broome (= Dentipellis leptodon), Hydnum micheneri Berk. (= Steccherinum ciliolatum), Hydnum pallidum Cooke & Ellis (= Xylodon fimbriiformis), Hydnum schweinitzii Berk. & M.A. Curtis (= H. chrysorhiza), Irpex furfuraceovelutinus Rick (= Kneiffiella stereicola), Irpex galzinii Bres. (= Amyloporia sinuosa), and Merulius elliottii Massee (= H. chrysorhiza). Irpex fimbriiformis Berk. & M.A. Curtis (≡ X. fimbriiformis) is accepted as a distinct species. Five new combinations are proposed: Cristinia decolorans for Irpex decolorans Cooke, Dentipellis ohiensis for Hydnum ohiense Berk., an earlier name for Dentipellis dissita (Berk. & Cooke) Maas Geest., Odonticium depauperatum for Irpex depauperatus Berk. & Broome, Peniophorella tessulata for Kneiffia tessulata Berk. & M.A. Curtis, an earlier name for Peniophorella rudis (Bres.) K.H. Larss., and Schizopora archeri for Irpex archeri Berk.

Steccherinum cremicolor and S. elongatum are described and illustrated as new species from Taiwan. Steccherinum cremicolor is characterized by strictly resupinate basidiocarps, a fimbriate margin, short spines, generative hyphae dominating in the trama and subiculum, encrusted skeletocystidia, and ellipsoid basidiospores. Steccherinum elongatum has strictly resupinate and membranaceous basidiocarps, bearing fairly long spines, generative hyphae-dominated subiculum, elongated skeletocystidia, and ellipsoid to subglobose basidiospores.

The phylogeny of the poroid and hydnoid genera Antrodiella, Junghuhnia, and Steccherinum (Polyporales, Basidiomycota) was studied utilizing sequences of the gene regions ITS, nLSU, mtSSU, atp6, rpb2, and tef1. Altogether 148 taxa, represented by 549 sequences, were included in analyses. Results show that most species of these genera form a well supported clade in the Polyporales, called Steccherinaceae, along with 12 other hydnoid and poroid genera. Within the Steccherinaceae, generic concepts need to be revised: no fewer than 15 new genera are needed to accommodate existing and new species. At least 16 transitions have taken place between poroid and hydnoid hymenophore types within the Steccherinaceae, and similar plasticity can be seen in microscopic characters. Nevertheless, natural genera revealed in the analysis can mostly be characterized morphologically and, with few exceptions, poroid and hydnoid species belong to separate genera. The genus Steccherinum is shown to contain both hydnoid and poroid species. Species of the former Antrodiella belong to at least 10 genera within the Steccherinaceae. © The Willi Hennig Society 2011.

In northern Europe, the biologically rich European aspen (Populus tremula) tends to disappear both from intensively managed and strictly protected forests, thus representing a biodiversity conservation challenge. This study describes the distribution of Aphyllophoroid fungi inhabiting aspen in a hemiboreal mixed-forest landscape where clear-cutting was usually followed by natural regeneration. In a 4-km2 area in Estonia, 181 individual forest stands and cut areas were surveyed. Sixty-one percent of the 2831 live aspen trees found were concentrated in 11% of the area. Thirty-six polypore species were recorded on aspen, with old stands and naturally created deadwood hosting most species. Among the records of 14 pre-defined aspen-specific basidiomycetes, Phellinus tremulae comprised about 95%. Six species (Ceriporiopsis aneirina, Clavicorona pyxidata, Funalia trogii, Phellinus populicola, Rigidoporus corticola, Steccherinum pseudozilingianum) were infrequent to rare, but widely distributed, inhabiti...

We have carried out a morphological and molecular study of Mycoacia nothofagi and Steccherinum lusitanicum, two rare irpicoid species collected in Spain. From Steccherinum lusitanicum, only the type of the species, collected in Portugal, was known to date. This has been compared with type material of Hydnum setulosum (≡Hyphodontia setulosa) collected in the USA, confirming that both species are synonymous. We contribute with microphotographs of the most representative characters of the specimens. The molecular data based on ITS and partial 28S rRNA gene sequences show that both taxa should be accommodated within genus Phlebia. Our data suggest a close relationship between S. lusitanicum and the core of Phlebia sensu stricto (including the type species P. radiata), whereas M. nothofagi is apparently more closely related with another group of species that would include M. aurea, P. subserialis and P. livida, among others. The molecular phylogenetic analysis confirms that the genera Mycoacia and Mycoaciella, as well as Merulius, should be considered as synonyms of Phlebia.

Mycorrhaphium sessile is described as new species found in Yunnan and Guizhou Province, southwestern China, and it is characterized by sessile basidiocarps, hydnoid hymenophore, presence of gloeocystidia, and small, smooth, ellipsoid, non-amyloid basidiospores. The differences among Mycorrhaphium, Climacodon, Mycoleptodonoides, Steccherinum and Stecchericium are discussed.

The ability of eight white rot fungi: Coriolopsis rigida, Coriolus versicolor var. antarcticus, Peniophora sp., Phanerochaete sordida, Pycnoporus sanguineus, Steccherinum sp., Trametes elegans and Trametes villosa to selectively delignify loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) chips was studied. They were selected among 34 basidiomycetes from Argentina because of their capacity to decolorize Poly R-478 and Azure B. Fungal pretreatment caused changes in wood chemical composition as well as in physical structure. The present study allowed the identification of a new strain, potentially a candidate for use in softwoods biopulping processes. Results showed that P. sanguineus was able to reduce lignin content in 11% in 14 days of treatment, but also that P. taeda wood suffered notable structural changes of lignin and hemicelluloses during the treatment, as revealed from 13C CP-MAS NMR spectra. An increase of 15% in porosity of decayed wood confirmed physical changes due to fungal attack. Fil: Levin, Laura Noemí. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Micología y Botánica. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Micología y Botánica; Argentina Fil: Villalba, Laura. Universidad Nacional de Misiones; Argentina Fil: Da Re, Cristina Verónica. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental; Argentina Fil: Forchiassin, Flavia. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental; Argentina Fil: Papinutti, Víctor Leandro. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Micología y Botánica. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Micología y Botánica; Argentina

We assessed 62 fungal strains in 31 species of wood decay fungi in the ability to decompose wood blocks of Japanese beech (Fagus crenata) under a pure culture condition. Fungi were collected in a cool temperate beech forest in Japan and isolated from the inside of beech logs and from sporocarps fruiting on logs and snags of beech that were different in diameter and decay class. Fungi in Holobasidiomycetidae showed marked decomposition of lignin and carbohydrate. These fungi were divided into three groups according to the pattern of lignin and carbohydrate utilization. Phanerochaete filamentosa decomposed lignin selectively. Lampteromyces japonicus, Steccherinum rhois, Trichaptum biforme, Stereum ostrea, Mycena haematopoda, Antrodiella albocinnamomea, Daedalea dickinsii, Daedaleopsis tricolor, Ganoderma tsunodae, and Trametes versicolor decomposed lignin and carbohydrates simultaneously. Psathyrella candolleana, Lenzites betulinus, and Trametes hirsuta decomposed carbohydrates selectively. Species in the Phragmobasidiomycetidae and in the Ascomycota caused low mass loss of wood.

A new poroid wood-inhabiting fungal species, Atraporiella yunnanensis sp. nov., is proposed based on morphological and molecular characters. The species is characterized by cream pore surface when dry, which is easy to separate from substrate and very rapidly stained dark brown to black when bruised; hyphal system monomitic with generative hyphae hyaline to pale brown, thin-walled, unbranched, interwoven; slightly allantoid basidiospores, 2.2–3 × 0.8–1.5 µm. The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and the large subunit (LSU) regions of nuclear ribosomal RNA gene sequences of the studied samples were generated, and phylogenetic analyses were performed with maximum likelihood, maximum parsimony and bayesian inference methods. The phylogenetic analysis based on molecular data of ITS+nLSU sequences showed that Atraporiella yunnanensis belonged to the residual polyporoid clade, formed a monophyletic lineage with a strong support (100% BS, 100% BP, 1.00 BPP) and was closely related to A. neotropica , and then grouped with other related genera: Antrodiella , Pouzaroporia , Steccherinum and Xanthoporus . Both morphological and molecular characters confirmed the placement of the new species in Atraporiella .

Summary. Three new taxa from Brazil are described: Hyphodontiastra Hjortstam, the generic type Hyphodontiastra virgaecola Hjortstam & Melo, and Steccherinum diversum Hjortstam & Melo. In addition Hydnum setulosum Berk. & M. A. Curtis, originally described from Alabama, USA, is briefly discussed. Odontia lusitanica Bres., described from Portugal, is reduced to synonymy under Steccherinum setulosum. Hyphodontiastra Hjortstam gen. nov. Basidioma resupinatum, tenue, laxe adnatum. Hymenophorum odontioideum; aculei levibus vel fimbriatis, aliquantum mollibus vel fragilibus. Systema hyphale monomiticum; hyphis tenuitunicatis, fibulatis. Gloeocystidia tubularia, tenuitunicata, plus minus sinuosa, sulphopositivan contentia (infuscata). Basidia fere tubularia vel anguste clavata, tenuitunicata; 4 sterigmatibus, post emissa collapsa. Sporae anguste ellipsoideae, leves, tenuitunicateae, inamyloideae, indextrinioideae, acyanophilae. Typus generis: Hyphodontiastra virgaecola Hjortstam & Melo. Etymology: 'Hyphodontiastra'= incomplete resemblance to Hyphodontia. Basidiome resupinate, thin, loosely attached. Hymenophore odontioid, aculei smooth or fimbriate, fairly soft to fragile. Hyphal system monomitic; hyphae thinwalled, with clamp-connections. Gloeocystidia tubular, thin-walled, more or less sinuous, with oily contents, yellowish in KOH, brownish in sulphovanillin. Basidia almost tubular to narrowly clavate, with four sterigmata and a basal clampconnection, postmature basidia collapsing shortly after spore discharge, the sterigmata turned inwards and difficult to discern. Spores narrowly ellipsoid, smooth, thin-walled, inamyloid, indextrinoid, and acyanophilous. Fig. 1. The combination of characteristics in this new genus is unique. Microscopically it is distinguished by yellowish gloeocystidia, which turn brownish in sulphovanillin, tubular to clavate basidia which are more or less constricted (mainly waisted) and with the basal part slightly thick-walled. Except for the gloeocystidia, the generic type somewhat resembles species in Hyphodontia J. Erikss. The gloeocystidia are reminiscent of Boidinia Stalpers & Hjortstam and species in Gloeocystidiellum Donk sensu lato, but in these genera the gloeocystidia appear more or less bluish in sulphovanillin, rarely brownish or coloured yellow in KOH. Furthermore, the spores are strongly amyloid.

Summary. Fifty-eight species of Aphyllophorales and Heterobasidiomycetes from Sabah, Malaysia are enumerated. The new species Gloiothele granulosa Hjortst. & Spooner, Radulodon cirrhatinus Hjortst. & Spooner and Steccherinum aggregatum Hjortst. & Spooner are described, and the new combinations Mycoaciella brunnea (Jiilich) Hjortst. & Spooner, Protohydnum sclerodontium (Berk. & Mont.) Hjortst. & Spooner and Radulomyces copelandii (Pat.) Hjortst. & Spooner are proposed. Ceraceohydnum Jfilich is reduced to synonymy under Mycoaciella Erikss. & Ryv., and a key to the species of Mycoaciella is presented. Keys to distinguish the genera Radulodon, Radulomyces and Sarcodontia, and to the species of Radulodon are also offered.

SUMMARY The mycelial interactions of strains of six cord-forming wood-inhabiting basidiomycetes were studied both against each other and against other fungi including Armillaria species on 2% malt extract agar, in wood lengths, and in non-sterile soil. Generally, cord-formers could be ranked in a combative order Phanerochaete velutina (DC ex Pers.) Parmasto =Phanerochaete laevis (Fr.) Erikss. & Ryv. > Steccherinum fimbriatum (Pers. ex Fr.) Erikss. =Hypholoma fasciculare (Huds. ex Fr.) Kummer =Phallus impudicus (L.) Pers. > Tricholomopsis platyphylla (Pers. ex Fr.) Sing. However, the outcome of interactions varied considerably according to circumstances. For example, in soil systems it depended on the extent to which encounters occurred between mycelia growing out from the wood inoculum blocks or within the inocula themselves. This depended in turn on the relative size of the inoculum blocks used for each strain. Encounters between like mycelia growing out into soil led to the formation of persistent mycelial connectives between the inoculum blocks. However, those between unlike mycelia elicited discolouration and lytic reactions following either contact ('mycelial interference') between different species, or fusion and somatic incompatibility between different strains of the same species. Such reactions were followed either by replacement of one system by the other, or the development of mycelium-free zones of soil between deadlocked colonies. After 3 months all pairings of cord formers against systems of Armillaria bulbosa (Barla) Kile and Watling, A. cepestipes Vel. f. pseudobulbosa Romagn. & Marxmuller and A. mellea (Vahl ex Fr.) Kummer in soil resulted in the colonisation of the Armillaria inocula to varying degrees and the death of virtually all associated rhizomorphs.

Cultures of Steccherinum oreophilum are described and the mating type determined to be tetrapolar. The known range is extended eastward by about 3000 km into western Quebec. New hosts are Prunus sp...

The type species of Polyporaceae (Aphyllophorales) and of other related genera, i.e. Irpex, Grammothele and Theleporus, described by J. Rick were studied. Of the 93 names of species or varieties 34 are invalidly published and 21 are synonyms. Nineteen type specimens were not found and 4 were sterile. Four species were respectively assigned to Datronia, Steccherinum, Trechispora and a cyphellaceous fungus, and were left without specific determination. The following new combinations are proposed: Aporpium substuppeus, Ceriporiopsis latemarginata, Inonotus micantissimus, Junghuhnia polycystidifera, Perenniporia piperis, Phanerochaete furfuraceo-velutinus, Skeletocutis roseolus and Tyromyces atro-albus. Two new species are described: Ceriporiopsis lowei and Gloeodontia americana.

Climacodon P. Karsten, Rev. Myc. 31: 20. I88I. The genus Creolophus Karst. was established on Hydnum corrugatum Fr. as the type. No type specimen of this species was found at Upsala bult several specimens in the herbarium collected by P. A. Karsten, E. Th. Fries, and Fr. Kjellman in Sweden and Finland were referred to this species. All of these agree perfectly with Fries's description and may be regarded as authentic representatives of the species. They do not appear to be generically different from H. septentrionale Fr., having much the same form, color, and fleshy or subfleshy substance. The species has not yet been positively recognized as an American form. Climacodon Karst. was established on Hydnum septentrionale Fr. and is, therefore, a metonym of Creolophus. We have hitherto included the species of this genus in the genus Steccherinum. The peculiar fleshy or subfleshy character of the substance of these plants, so strikingly different from the dry and tough fibrous character of typical Steccherrinum, has convinced us that they should be maintained in a separate genus for which a name has already been provided by Prof. Karsten.

The following species new to science are described; Steccherinum crassiusculum K. Harrison sp. nov., Phellodon atratus K. Harrison sp. nov., Hydnum rimosum K. Harrison sp. nov., H. fuscoindicum K. Harrison sp. nov., H. cyanellum K. Harrison sp. nov., H. ustale K. Harrison sp. nov., H. calvatum K. Harrison sp. nov., H. calvatum var. odoratum K. Harrison var. nov., Hydnellum scleropodium K. Harrison sp. nov., H. cyanopodium K. Harrison sp. nov., H. cyanodon K. Harrison sp. nov., H. chrysinum K. Harrison sp. nov., H. septentrionale K. Harrison sp. nov., H. cumulatum K. Harrison sp. nov., H. pineticola K. Harrison sp. nov., H. subsuccosum K. Harrison sp. nov., H. nigellum K. Harrison sp. nov., H. regium K. Harrison sp. nov. Hericium abietis (Weir ex Hubert) K. Harrison comb. nov. is described in detail. Also included are detailed descriptions from fresh material of Hydnum fuligineo-violaceum Kalch. and Hydnellum humidum Banker recently collected by Dr. A. H. Smith in Michigan, together with additional details of microscopic comparisons and chemical reactions for eight recently described species from Nova Scotia.A peculiar reaction of certain hyphae in the stipitate hydnums to Melzer's solution is described and referred to as "apparent amyloid". It has been found to be associated with a blue-green reaction to a 3% KOH solution and has been used as a quick test for separating certain species.