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Electrical energy generated also comes from several energy, namely water, steam, nuclear, etc. In Indonesia the type of steam power plant is a type of power plant that is widely used, where one of the crucial problems that are often encountered in this generation system, namely the problem of stability. The stability of the electric power system is the ability of the system to return to normal or steady operation after a large load load switching or interference. Disruption or load switching that exist in the system must be muted and aligned in a certain time to be said to be stable. Causes of instability are disruptions in the form of large capacity load switching, and the type of interference. One aspect that affects the stability itself is the transient stability. The transient stability is related to the sudden influx of large-capacity loads and affect the performance of the generator, therefore it is necessary to analyze the voltage and frequency transient stability for the evaluation of the capability of the electrical system so that the system maintains the continuity of the supply of electrical energy to the load normally. Based on the research results, the current flowing before the disturbance of 98.9 A and current disturbance of 145.2 kA. This causes the voltage response to decrease 50% of the nominal, and the frequency increases to 50.36 Hz. The time required from the disturbance condition to a stable condition within 5 seconds. Thus, the voltage response does not meet the standards and the frequency is still within the standard according to the 2007 EMR Energy Regime during an emergency. So to keep the transient stability of voltage and frequency can be adjusted voltage with AVR, setting speed droop governoring and release and connection of load.

This work considers an analysis using energy and exergy of turbines for a coal-based conventional steam power plant of 500 MW under the Damodar Valley Corporation (DVC), India to optimize its operating conditions. An effort has also been made to control the environmental emission of different gases from the plant. Hence, a control volume is assumed consisting of a high-pressure turbine (HPT), an intermediate turbine (IPT), and a low-pressure turbine (LPT) of the plant. A thermodynamic-based model is considered in determining the performance of turbines in the power cycle under various unit loads (60%, 80%, and 100%). This analysis includes a prediction of energy, then exergy, and related irreversibility of flow stream to and from said control volume under the unit load conditions. The improvement in heat rate of the turbine with an increase in load is also estimated. As found, the heat rate reaches a minimum when the plant operates at higher unit loads (80% and 100%), which is an economical condition of operation. With the basis of the improved heat rate, a reduction in coal consumption, plant ash generation, also SO2 and CO2 emissions by the plant are estimated.

The optimal equipment arrangement for a system for cogeneration of thermal and electrical energy for a total site is determined with exergoeconomic analysis. A steam power plant can operate concurrently in a dual-use mode producing steam and electricity. It is important to know the potential for cogeneration before designing and optimizing a central utility system in order to establish on site fuel demand targets. In the current study, two case studies with different backpressure steam turbines arrangement are considered and, if extra power generation is needed, designs with a system of condensing and gas turbines are examined. The minimum exergy destruction rate, maximum exergy efficiency, minimum total capital cost rate and minimum exergy destruction cost rate for these arrangements are investigated with exergoeconomic analysis. Finally, selected backpressure steam turbines arrangement in conjunction with the gas turbine system are introduced for finding the optimum arrangement of the cogeneration system in the total site with an exergoeconomic approach.

The operation of Tembilahan steam power plant produced SO2 and NO2 emissions which can have an impact on the environment and human health. The purpose of this study was to map the distribution patterns of SO2 and NO2 produced from the Tembilahan steam power plant chimney using AERMOD software, comparing the concentrations of SO2 and NO2 gases with ambient air quality standards based on Government Regulation No. 41 of 1999, and comparing the simulation results between the rainy season and the dry season. Modeling is done using 1 year meteorological data with the division of the rainy season and dry season. The modeling results show that the pollutant distribution pattern of Tembilahan steam power plant tends to be towards the southwest. The concentrations of SO2 and NO2 per year were 75.18 µg / m3 and 43.53 µg / m3 respectively which were still below the predetermined quality standards. The dispersion of SO2 and NO2 pollutants in the dry season with a wide range of concentrations is less than during the rainy season.

One of the major problems of rotary air preheaters (RAPHs) is leakage which has a direct impact on its performance reduction. The purpose of this study is to examine the behavior of different types...

Design of hydroelectricity system is employed here in an effort to produce electric energy using an exhaust waste water of steam power plant. The major concern in this work is how the system is designed, selection of site and resources. The system after designed and fabricated was mounted at waste water outlet for proof run for about three months period. The result obtained exhibit the overall design is feasible for the sensitive site application

This research examines the physical and chemical properties of the potential contamination of condenser cooling water (heat water) at the 2x7 MW West Sumbawa Steam Power Plant. Method’s this research is direct observation in the field. The determination of the sample point was done by purposive sampling. The results showed that the hot water had met the predetermined quality standards, namely a pH of 8.21, a temperature of 38.50C and a content of free chlorine (Cl2) of 0.03 mg / L. There was an increase in sea water temperature in a radius of 17 meters east and west by 80C from 280C to 360C. Direct discharge of hot water has the potential to pollute the marine prawn environment around the 2x7 MW West Sumbawa PLTU. From the results of the study, it was found that the temperature of the hot water had met the specified quality standard, which was 40oC, but direct disposal caused the sea water temperature to rise, exceeding the set sea water temperature quality standard of 320C and the temperature increase should not be more than 20C from the temperature. at first. The status of sea water quality due to the entry of hot water is determined using a pollution index. From the calculation results obtained PIj of 1.125 at the sample point Outfall 2, meaning that the sea water conditions at a radius of 17 meters are lightly polluted. As a form of control and prevention of pollution due to the entry of high temperature hot water, continuous monitoring is necessary and it is necessary to create a mixing pool between sea water and hot water before the heat is discharged into the sea.

This article deals with the integration of a rotary indirect dryer, heated by low pressure extraction steam, into the Rankine cycle. The article evaluates the power generation efficiency of a steam power plant, with an integrated indirect dryer, which combusts waste biomass with a high moisture content and is further compared to the same plant without the dryer. The benefits of the dryer’s integration are analysed in respect to various moisture contents of biomass before and after the drying. The evaluation of the power generation efficiency is based on parameters evaluated from experiments carried out on the steam-heated rotary indirect dryer, such as specific energy consumption and evaporation capacity. The dryer’s integration improves the efficiency of the cycle in comparison to a cycle without a dryer, where moist biomass is directly combusted. This improvement increases along with the difference between the moisture content before and after the drying. For the reference state, a fuel with a moisture content of 50% was dried to 20% and the efficiency rised by 4.38 %. When the fuel with a moisture content of 60% is dried to 10 %, the power generation efficiency increases by a further 10.1 %. However, the required dryer surface for drying the fuel with a moisture content of 60% to 10% is 1.9 times greater as compared to the reference state. The results of the work can be used both for the prediction of the power generation efficiency in a power plant with this type of dryer based on the moisture content in the fuel and the biomass indirect dryer design.

The purpose of this study was to determine the views of the community on the implementation of environmental responsibility and efforts to improve the communitys economy through Corporate Social Responsibility carried out by the Punagaya Steam Power Plant (PLTU). This type of research is juridical empirical. Empirically this research was conducted by looking at a law implementation in society. Based on the research results obtained by the results of the questionnaire by 41 respondents based on a Likert scale with a total score of B x F of 101, it can be concluded that the implementation of environmental responsibility is less effective because of environmental pollution and infrastructure development that is not optimal. As for the publics view of efforts to improve the communitys economy through Corporate Social Responsibility based on the results of a questionnaire having a total score of B x F of 118, it can be concluded that these activities are quite effective.The program in the socio-economic field are realized in the form of providing food assistance to residents around the Punagaya PLTU, providing clean water during the dry season, utilizing local labor during construction and operational periods, assistance for youth organization activities and emergency response in the form of the use of the Fire Fighting. &nbsp

Coal that is often used in Steam Power Plants is a type of Low Rank Coal (Low Rank Coal) which has a caloric value of 4200 kcal / kg with a moisture content of 40%. Coal with water content that reaches 40% can cause the efficiency process of the plant to be not optimal. Low efficiency values will cause the use of electricity to increase and the combustion process to be incomplete so that it can cause many losses to the Steam Power Plant. From this problem, there needs to be a process of drying coal in order to reduce water content, the technology used in the process of drying coal is coal dryer. Design of coal dryer required source of steam or heat for drying process. Steam Power Plant there is steam waste extraction from turbines that can be used as a heat source to heat coal. If this extraction vapor is utilized, it can reduce the load from the condenser. The amount of turbine extraction steam that can be received by the coal dryer depends on the design of the coal dryer, because the design process of the coal dryer will affect the availability of energy in the coal dryer. This paper will discuss about optimization calculation with genetic algorithm method, to obtain the best design of coal dryer so that the heat received can be maximized so that the drying process becomes faster.

Research on Cofiring of the Existing Coal Fired Power Plant with biomass in the form of sawdust with a mixture percentage of 5% was carried out with the main objective of pursuing the acceleration of the renewable energy mix target of 23% (Green Booster) by 2025, with minimal CAPEX costs if compared to building new hydro or solar PV plants. At the initial stage of the activity, testing and analysis of the effect of cofiring will be carried out on several main parameters of the Existing PLTU's performance, as well as its reliability. In addition, it is also at the same time to get an overview and evaluate if the cofiring plan will be implemented through technical operational evaluations, the cost of production from the aspect of fuel costs (component C) and exhaust emissions to the environment. From the results of monitoring the operating load at around 635 MW (gross) using 5% cofiring, it can be seen that critical points such as main steam temperature, main steam pressure, gas economizer outlet temperature, mill outlet temperature do not show a significant increase, meaning they are still within the operating limits, reasonable and safe. From the calculation of the cost of fuel, the coal price is IDR 594 per kg, and sawdust price of IDR 472 per kg (on site) using the SFC difference of 0.0077 kg/kwh, and the CF assumption of 80%, then with an average annual electricity production of 4,415,040,000 kwh/year, fuel savings of around IDR 35.32 billion per year will be obtained. Exhaust gas emissions to the environment for SO2 and NOx still meet the environmental quality standard requirements according to the Minister of Environment and Forestry Regulation No.15 of 2019.

Artificial Intelligence algorithms are being increasingly used in industrial applications. Their important function is to support operation of diagnostic systems. This paper presents a new approach to the monitoring of a regenerative heat exchanger in a steam power plant, which is based on a specific use of the Recurrent Neural Network (RNN). The proposed approach was tested using real data. This approach can be easily adapted to similar monitoring applications of other industrial dynamic objects.

The heat exchanger is an important component in the gas and steam power plant (PLTGU) industry. One of the most important heat exchangers in gas turbine cooling systems is the gas turbine radiator. The gas turbine radiator functions to cool the cooling water, which circulated to various components of the gas turbine by using environmental air as the cooling medium. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of environmental temperature on the performance of gas turbine radiators and to compare operational data in 2017 with operational data when the study conducted in 2019. Data collected for 3 days with 2-3 hour intervals. Data processing and analysis shows that the higher the ambient temperature, the higher the radiator effectiveness value. Data in 2017 shows the highest average value of effectiveness obtained at an ambient air temperature of 35 ˚C of 71,274%. Meanwhile, data in 2019 shows the highest average value of effectiveness at an ambient air temperature of 35 ˚C of 58,859%. Thus, the average effectiveness value of gas turbine radiators has decreased by 12,415% from 2017 to 2019

The Rankine cycle is one example of vapor power cycles. One important application of it is in steam power plants. In this paper, a simple model of the steam power plant is designed to study the effect of increasing boiler's pressures (3, 4, 5, and 6 bar respectively) on the efficiency and the dryness friction of the Model. Properties of the important points in the cycle were calculated consequently the losses in the pump, the losses in the condenser, expansion of the working fluid through the turbine, and the heat transfer to the working fluid through the boiler were determined. From the results, it was found that with the increasing of the boiler's operating pressure the thermal efficiency of the model cycle increases due to a substantial increase in network. Thus net-effect is marked increases in the thermal efficiency of the cycle on account of these measures.

Currently, thermal insulation of GTU output diffusers uses insulation of their inner surface. This is an expensive and complicated technological procedure. For gas turbines as part of CCGT, in order to reduce the cost of insulation and at the same time increase the useful power of the turbine, cooling the diffuser outer surface with a steam stream of a steam circuit can be an alternative way of internal insulation. Steam and gas parameters of a combined cycle plant with a CCGT-450T, as well as the results of experimental and computational studies of the GTU SGT5-3000E gas turbine exhaust channel model were used. The calculations of the efficiency of the surface cooling of the diffuser with the steam coming from the steam circuit were carried out using the analytical method. A scheme of a superheater located on the outer surface of the GTU outlet diffuser operating in a combined cycle is proposed. Analytic evaluation of its effectiveness showed that the surface area of the GTU diffuser of the type SGT5-3000E is sufficient to provide the necessary overheating of low-pressure steam. Installation of such a heat exchanger using the outer surface of the diffuser provides a decrease of the temperature of its outer wall from 537 to 200 оC. The study validity is confirmed by a patent for an invention. It has been established that the use of the outer surface of the GTU outlet diffuser instead of the heat exchange surface of the low pressure superheater of the utilizer boiler can be applied at CCGT unit to reduce heat and hydraulic losses in the diffuser path and in the utilizer boiler path.

Many electricity generating stations are concerned with the reduction of environmental pollution associated with the thermodynamic activities of power plants. Such environmental pollution includes emissions from exhaust gases, cooling tower blowdown, boiler blowdown and demineralization. In this paper, an exergo-environmental analysis was conducted using design data from the Egbin power plant for a 220MW steam power plant. Enhancement was carried out on the plant under varying pressure and temperature conditions to assess the plant’s performance improvements that would lead to more reduction in environmental pollution. The exergy destruction efficiency value indicates that the boiler sub- system gave the highest exergy destruction in the power plant. Also, sustainability indicators such as environmental effect factor, waste exergy ratio and sustainability index factors have been performed and results presented with respect to the plant. The improvement options considered were: (i) increasing the inlet temperature of the high-pressure turbine at constant boiler pressure, and (ii) the second approach, simultaneous increase in inlet temperature of high-pressure turbine and boiler pressure. The result showed that the second improvement approach gave a better improvement approach than the former by reducing the environmental effect factor by 17.32% and increasing the sustainability index factor by 21.54%. These effects ultimately reduced the steam power plant emissions and improved efficient fuel utilization by the plant for sustainable development and for more power production.

Adequate supply of electricity at a competitive price is pivotal to sustainable development. More often than not, the generation of electricity which drives modern growth and development is currently powered by limited fossil fuels in many nations. Electricity generation and megawatt demand are also usually fluctuating due to several pertinent factors. In a bid to articulate the impact of inherent variations in process parameters on the performance of steam power plant at different loads, this paper presents an investigation into the efficacy of two validation strategies in predicting the net power output from the plant using GMDH Shell software. Using the combinatorial algorithm, the k-fold cross-validation strategy and the training/testing validation technique were applied to empirical data of a power plant in Nigeria. The performance of the models returned from the two validation strategies was evaluated using maximum negative error, maximum positive error, mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), root mean square percentage error (RMSPE), residual sum, the standard deviation of residuals, coefficient of determination (R2) and correlation. For the number of folds and the training/testing split percentage considered in this study, results show that both models obtained were quite competitive, with the k-fold model having a slight edge over the other model. It is expected that the outcome of the study will be handy in researches for providing knowledge base information on choosing and setting optimum operating conditions at various load demand.

This paper deals with the development and detailed assessment of a biomass-fuelled electrochemical power generation system employing biomass gasification, solid oxide fuel cell, gas turbine, and organic Rankine cycle. The performance of the plant has been monitored with the changes in important operating parameters with respect to energetic, exergetic, economic and environmental points of view. The proposed system yields the maximum 49.29% 1st law efficiency and 44.57% 2nd law efficiency. Exergetic analysis reveals that among all the elements of the system, biomass gasifier is the highest (41.22%) contributor in total exergy destruction, followed by the heat exchanger (14.01%), and the organic Rankine boiler (13.27%). Economic analysis reveals that the plant can generate electricity at a minimum rate of 0.0654 $/kWh. The environmental analysis predicts that the proposed system has a maximum CO2 emission reduction potential of about 2867 tCO2/year compared to a coal-fired sub-critical steam power plant of similar capacity, resulting in an environmental benefit value of about 430014 $/year. This study also reveals that the present system is better compared to previously investigated other biomass-fuelled power generation plants considering the efficiency and economy together.

This work investigates the performance of a conventional steam power plant retrofitted with a solar-assisted regenerative system using Parabolic Trough Solar Collectors (PTC). The solar collectors were used to compensate for the effect of removing Low-Pressure (LP) turbine extractions without changing other elements of a 300 MW power plant unit during peak load operations. The steam power plant, located in Kuwait, receives high levels of solar irradiation. Modeling of the solar-assisted regenerative system using PTC is simulated for Kuwait’s weather conditions. Results of the system analysis show that removing the LP turbine extractions enhanced the performance of the steam power plant by 9.8 MW, with an optimum PTC aperture area equal to 25,850 m2. A techno-economic analysis was used to estimate the Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE). Compared to an equivalent photovoltaic solar plant, the optimum aperture area and LCOE for the PTC solar plant were found to be less by 45% and 44%, respectively. When compared to an equivalent conventional steam turbine, the solar-assisted steam power plant decreased cost by 56% over the lifecycle of 25-years.

The impact of noise due to the construction of a Steam Power Plant can have a negative impact on the surrounding environment. This study aims to assess the initial baseline condition of environmental noise before the existence of development activities, predictions after activities, and actions to manage/monitor the impact of noise that occurs. The research method is evaluative descriptive using the integrating sound level meter. The research data are the equivalent noise level (Leq), daytime noise level (LS), night noise level (LM), and day-night noise level (L-SM) from 9 sampling locations. The results of the noise analysis are categorized based on scale and compared with the Decree of the Minister of Environment of the Republic of Indonesia No. Kep-48 / MENLH / 11/1996 and IFC - EHS guidelines. Noise level data The initial environmental baseline of the laydown area utilization stage at scale 2, land clearing stage at scale 1, the construction phase of the main building, and supporting facilities at scale 1. The value of the scale of the noise level is assessed based on the difference in impact components that is smaller than the difference in the average environmental scale, so that the impact category is a manageable impact. The direction for controlling the impact of noise is to install a project guardrail, activities are carried out at 07.00-19.00 WIB and and tree planting. Environmental management and monitoring have been carried out well, the evaluation trend shows a decline.

In service, steam pipes are subjected to high temperature close to 0.4 Tm (melting temperature) or higher and pressure; thus, making them prone to failure due to creep. Often, the design methods for these steam pipes usually do not provide their specific in-service life; hence, some type of service fitness tests are performed, and data obtained from the tests are used to inform the routine inspections. Choosing a creep model that favorably describe the creep behavior of components in service is paramount to engineers as well as the plant operators. Reports have shown that there are several creep models available and they all behave differently with different materials, and operating conditions. In this study, the creep behavior of X20 (12Cr-1MoVNi) steam piping network subjected to three phenomenological creep models (conventional hyperbolic sine creep, modified hyperbolic sine creep and constitutive creep model) was investigated. Fortran user subroutine scripts were developed for the three models and implemented in finite element (FE) code, Abaqus to determine the creep stress and strain rate, while the useful creep life and creep damage was determined using fe-safe/TURBOlife software. The results show that the modified hyperbolic sine creep model is more suitable for estimating the creep behavior of X20 steam piping under the specified operating conditions because of its more conservative prediction.

Increasing the efficiency and power generation capacity of power plants is an important issue that has attracted the attention of many researchers in recent years. Beside the designing and constructing new combined cycles to provide the human electrical demand load, extending the existing power plants is very important due to saving time, cost and place of installation and so on. This study suggests various combined cycles to develop a common 250 MW steam power plant which is located in the Ghazvin city to increase its efficiency and production capacity by coupling with gas turbine, absorption chiller, photovoltaic (PV) and photovoltaic-thermal (PVT) in various arrangements. In order to estimate the operation of the suggested power plants, hourly thermo-economic analysis is done in engineering equation solver software (EES). By calculating an accurate hourly schedule which determines the times in which the power plant should shift from one source to another, the highest efficiency of the combined cycles is obtained. The results showed that the efficiency and the power generated by all proposed combined cycles in the present study increased significantly. Additionally it was found, increasing the number of solar panels decreased the power generation cost and the effect of this increment on the cycle extended by PVT was more than other combined cycles so that with the increasing the number of solar panels up to 25,000, the cost of power generated per kWh in PVT based cycle reduced to 4.51 $/kWh that was the lowest cost among the suggested combined cycles.

One of the critical issues in the design and optimization of power systems is considering the performance indices and safety problems simultaneously. In this paper, a new optimization procedure based on energy, exergy, and risk analyses of a solar-driven combined gas/steam cycle power plant has been proposed and investigated. In the first step, the first and second laws of thermodynamics are used to evaluate the thermal and exergetic efficiencies of the plant. For this, precise modeling of the parabolic solar collectors and all the other components of the system has been performed. For the validation of thermodynamic modeling, the ThermoFlex simulation tool is employed. Then, the risk identification process has been performed considering the jet fire, the jet of combustion gas, and over-pressure as the main sources of risk in the power plant. To quantify each of these risks, appropriate correlations are presented, and the risk values are calculated as a function of the operational parameters of the cycle. In the next step, different multi-objective optimizations have been performed to achieve a configuration that has the highest efficiency and lowest risk. The results of optimizations show a good improvement in the thermodynamic efficiencies and risks of the system by 10.7%, 10.2%, and 1.21%, respectively. In the end, the dynamic analysis of the considered power plant is performed for optimal and base-case design.

This study aimed to assess the thermodynamic performance of an Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) unit for power generation operated by the industrial waste heat of exhaust gas of a steam power plant. For...

PT PJB UPJ O&M PLTU Paiton is a steam power plant that uses coal as fuel for coal handling plant. However, the infrastructure conditions of PT PJB UPJ O&M PLTU Paiton do not support coal multisuppliers. The objectives of this study are to obtain a design model that can simulate coal removal systems at coal handling plant, to obtain the best options from this increasing amount and bulldozer capacity that can be a solution to the existing problems, and find out other alternative solutions that can be utilized to overcome the existing problems. The study design applies observational research using a cross-sectional approach. Observation or data collection was carried out at one time (point time approach). Based on the results of the study, the use of bulldozers in the reference model and bulldozers with a capacity of 36 tons in coalyard 2 (high rank) and 16 tons in coalyard 1 (low rank) is unable to reach the expected parameters. Solution to overcome supply parameters according to the needs of 10,000 tons/day is to provide a bulldozer with a capacity of 36 tons on the lot-hopper route at each coalyard. The alternative is to increase the number and capacity of the bulldozers in each coalyard, i.e. HR (48.48.36) and LR (48.48.48.36) with the chute-lot route, by regulating the bulldozer working shifts and by setting the time for unloading the ship.

PT. POMI Paiton Unit 3 is one of big steam power plant in Indonesia that provideelectricity with a capacity of 1 x 815 MW. This power plant requires a large amount ofcoal to produce electricity with a lot of large quantities, estimates of the total consume coalamounted to 3.06 million tons / year. The performance of the power plant PT. POMI Unit3 can be optimized by modifying the Heat Exchanger Network (HEN). Pinch method isused to optimize HEN, this method provides a good opportunity in the design or inevaluating HEN system. Research has been carried capable increase efficiency of 0.5% ofthe power plant that was originally 28.45% to 28.95%, and can reduce fuel use by 1.71 kg/ s initially as much as 97.99 kg / s to 96.28 kg / s, and can also be reconstructed from there-arrangement of Heat Exchanger Network of Power Plant PT. POMI Unit 3 Paiton.

In this paper, full repowering of a 320 MW steam power plant was investigated in Bandar Abbas. Due to unavailability of natural gas in the winter, LNG, Diesel, and Heavy fuel were examined as alter...

Coal-fired power plants will remain an essential major part of energy supply in the world for the next decades. However, the need to reduce carbon dioxide emissions of new fossil plants by improved net efficiency by increased steam temperature is one of the biggest challenges of mankind in the near future. The goal to realize a steam power plant with a net efficiency of 50% and more can only be achieved by the use of Nickel-base Alloys, because of the needed steam temperatures of 700 °C. One of the most promising candidate alloys for rotor forgings subjected to 700 °C is Alloy 617, which was already intensively investigated and producibility for large parts was proven (in Blaes, Proceedings 6th international conference on advances in materials technology for fossil power plants, 2010, pp 436–449). In 1998, in Europe, the development of a 700 °C Power Plant started with the project AD700. Saarschmiede was always involved in most of the important 700 °C technology RD Proceedings 19th international forgemaster meeting, 2017, pp 335–344). The development, manufacturing process and test results of production for very large prototype nickel-base alloy rotor forgings for A-USC power plants are reported.

Both the conventional (classic) and advanced exergetic analytical methods were used to investigate the improvement potentials of a pulverised coal-fired 750 supercritical steam power plant. The res...

This study aims to determine the water supply / discharge system of water pretreatment station equipment which is then processed for the purpose of operating a steam power plant. In the distribution process, the reliability of the equipment and the resulting discharge will be observed whether it is in accordance with the provisions for the ideal operation or not. The expected discharge is 518 m3 / h according to the water balance so that the plant can operate full load (2x66 MW). With this condition, the company is expected to benefit. In the actual conditions this ideal discharge condition is not achieved so that the impact of the plant cannot operate full load (2x66 MW). With water conditions that do not match these expectations, it is feared that the company will continue to suffer losses. In fact, this study only obtained a maximum discharge of 402.2 m3 / h. From this figure there is a difference in water debit of 115.8 m3 / h. Furthermore, this debit shortage must be overcome so that the generator can meet the maximum full load performance. For long-term steps, standby backup equipment must be provided in anticipation of the operation.

A control system with uncertainty or unpredictable disturbance needs more effort to be controlled. A conventional PID Controller is the most popular method used in industries. It was tuned and adjusted by the designer, and it has fixed parameters during operation. However, the disturbance effect causes the desired system performance unreachable. By using a self-tuning controller, the problem should be tackled. In this paper, the PID-Genetic Algorithm (PID-GA) controller was proposed and tested with the steam drum water level control system of a steam power plant. Variation in power load causes noisy water level characteristics and should be maintained at + 0.4 meters from the setpoint to prevent the power plant trip. From the simulation, PID-GA can reduce disturbance of the minimum, nominal, and maximum load with perturbation peaks 0.18 m, 0.22 m, and 0.26 m respectively.Keywords: genetic algorithm, NWL, PID-GA, steam drum, steam power plant.

The impact of noise due to the construction of a Steam Power Plant can have a negative impact on the surrounding environment. The Environmental management directives based on initial baseline noise levels at the development stage can be determined based on the environmental scale. This study aims to assess and manage the impact of noise due to the construction of a coal-fired power plant on the community around the location. The research method is evaluative descriptive using the integrating sound level meter. The research data are the equivalent noise level (Leq), daytime noise level (LS), night noise level (LM), and day-night noise level (L-SM) from 9 sampling locations. The results of the noise analysis are categorized based on scale and compared with the Decree of the Minister of Environment of the Republic of Indonesia No. Kep-48 / MENLH / 11/1996 and IFC - EHS guidelines. Noise level data The initial environmental baseline of the laydown area utilization stage at scale 2, land clearing stage at scale 1, the construction phase of the main building, and supporting facilities at scale 1. The value of the scale of the noise level is assessed based on the difference in impact components that is smaller than the difference in the average environmental scale, so that the impact category is a manageable impact. The direction for controlling the impact of noise is to install a project guardrail, activities are carried out at 07.00-19.00 Western Indonesian time and and tree planting. Environmental management and monitoring have been carried out well, the evaluation trend shows a decline.

Reliability Centered Maintenance (RCM) is a maintenance analysis method used to improve a maintenance system that focuses on increasing the reliability of a machine. The condenser is a heat exchange that is used to change the gas fluid phase into a liquid by cooling it. In steam power plant the condenser is used to condense the steam coming out of the steam turbine into air condensate and maintain low pressure conditions on the turbine output side so that the work produced by the turbine is maximized. Because it is very important in the steam power plant cycle, it is important to maintain the reliability of the condenser engine if the condenser reliability decreases it will result in a decrease in production and overall generation efficiency. Therefore, a research is needed to plan maintenance intervals for critical components of the condenser engine so that it can increase engine reliability. The results obtained from this study is an interval schedule design to improve the reliability of the condenser engine and recommendations. The results of the analysis using the RCM method get interval schedule planning, namely at certain time intervals with 80% reliability and proper maintenance recommendations on 3 critical components in the condenser operating unit. Of the 3 components, there are 2 components that are suitable for preventive maintenance and 1 component for corrective maintenance based on the percentage increase in reliability and the rate of damage to each component.

A high pressure turbine (HPT) is the first stage of the thermal energy conversion in a steam power plant. The operational condition of HPT which extracts high pressured steam causes a high possibility for vibration to occurs. When vibration exceeds the material design limit, it can damage and leads to structural failure. One form of the failures that can happen is fatigue failure. HPT is a vital component inside a thermal power plant therefore it is expected not to fail during its operation. When the HPT fails, then there will be a possibility that the power plant would trip. The aim of this research is to provide an approach to monitor and reduce the vibration level at the HPT in one of the power plant in Indonesia by applying an analytical method through a vibration analysis. The vibration analysis is carried out using Fast Fourier Transform algorithm in GNU Octave version 5.2.0. The resulting calculations in this research show that the steam turbine’s efficiency reaches 40.966%, the turbine withstand 11.1394 MPa of normal stress and 93.456 MPa of thermal stress from its operational condition, and its calculated remaining lifetime is 27.456 years.

This paper represents the mathematical modeling and parameter estimation of a steam power plant considering the turbine-boiler control strategy. The proposed model includes a steam turbine, governor system, boiler, and synchronous generator to simulate power plant behaviors in diverse operating points accurately. The obtained model contains several unknown parameters, which should be estimated through identification algorithms. To this aim, the identification tests were executed on a 150 MW steam power plant, and the unknown parameters are determined by applying a Genetic Algorithm (GA) to the recorded data. The validation tests indicate the high accuracy of the model and the estimated parameters.

Damage to the turbine at the Steam Power Plant (PLTU) Bolok Indonesia began with a 70 kV Bolok - Maulafa conductor disturbance due to a lightning disturbance. All Diesel Engine Power Plants (PLTDs) in the Kupang system have a trip because there is an over current (OCR is working). PLTU Bolok has a trip due to under frequency (UFR is working). The electrical system (medium voltage and low voltage AC) at PLTU Bolok has a loss of power. Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS) power distribution has a loss of voltage (loss of power). The turbine at PLTU Bolok were damaged at a very severe level, so that the casing was perforated due to overspeed beyond the allowable limit. The turbine overspeed occurs over the tolerance limit because the electrical and mechanical protection (functions to close the MSV and GV) do not work.The design that must be changed to reduce disturbance to the turbine caused by the GV system is the controller design for the GV and the logic design for operating and stopping the High Pressure AC Pump. Meanwhile, the design that must be added is the logic design for operating the turbine protection equipment.

This study considers simultaneous onsite hydrogen, freshwater production as well as electricity using a new trigeneration system powered by the waste heat of a 660 MW capacity conventional coal-fired power plant. Organic Rankine cycle has been integrated into the flue gas path for energy recovery and hence drives both proton exchange membrane electrolyzer and reverse osmosis desalination system. The system has been investigated through a thermodynamic and economic approach considering several variables. The results show that outputs are positively affected mainly because of flue gas temperature improvement. In particular, a trigeneration energy system can produce the highest value of 257.7 kg/h freshwater for domestic usage and 18.9 kg/h hydrogen to feed synchronous generator cooling. In addition to that, overall exergetic performance of the trigeneration energy system is found to be 39.22% and hence entire system performance increases by 0.12% when the conventional steam power plant transforms to the trigeneration. Furthermore, the investment, operation and maintenance costs required for the installation of the trigeneration plant were handled separately and the payback period was calculated as 6.2 years.

In this study, the energy and exergy analysis of Garri 4 power plant in Sudan is presented. The primary objective of this paper is to identify the major source of irreversibilities in the cycle. The equipment of the power plant has been analyzed individually. Values regarding heat loss and exergy destruction have been presented for each equipment. The results confirmed that the condenser was the main source for energy loss (about 67%), while ex­ergy analysis revealed that the boiler contributed to the largest percentage of exergy destruction (about 84.36%) which can be reduced by preheating the inlet water to a sufficient temperature and controlling air to fuel ratio.

This paper presents a developed web-based software tool for determining the basis (totally useful) power in the systems for continuous transport of fluids and bulk cargoes, allowing fast and easy computation for more functional analysis of the energy efficiency of these systems. The developed algorithm can be used in other applications and software, or as a reference for improving the software tools. The web tool consists of five basis-power calculators for each specific type of system. The software working capacity and the applicability are tested with data from two types of systems for continuous transport of fluids - Type I and Type II. The considered transport systems are a water supply system and a pumping system for transporting condensate water from a deaerator to the drum of a steam generator in a steam power plant.

The paper presents the results of the numerical research of the steam jet injector applications for the regenerative feed water heating systems of marine steam turbine propulsion plants. The analysis shows that the use of a single injector for a single heat exchanger results in a relative increase in the thermal efficiency of the plant by 0.6–0.9%. The analysis also indicates the legitimacy of the usage of multistage feed water heating systems, which would enable the operating parameters optimization of the injectors. The obtained steam pressure up to the value of 1.8 barA allows for the heating of the feed water up to 110 °C. For higher degrees of feed water heating in the heat exchangers, it is necessary to supply heating steam of higher pressure. Therefore, the usage of two-stage steam jet injector units was considered advisable for the analyses.

To our knowledge, the potential use of CO2 as a heat-transmitting fluid for cooling applications in power plants has not been explored very extensively. In this paper, we conduct a theoretical analysis to explore the use of CO2 as the heat transmission fluid. We evaluate and compare the thermophysical properties of both dry air and CO2 and perform a simple analysis on a steam-condensing device where steam flows through one of the flow paths and the cooling fluid (CO2 or air) is expanded from a high-pressure container and flows through the other. Sample calculations are carried out for a saturated-vapor steam at 0.008 MPa and 41.5 °C with the mass flow rate of 0.01 kg/s. The pressure of the storage container ranges from 1 to 5 MPa, and its temperature is kept at 35 °C. The pressure of the cooling fluid (CO2 or dry air) is set at 0.1 MPa. With air as the heat-removing fluid, the steam exits the condensing device as a vapor-liquid steam of 53% to 10% vapor for the container pressure of 1 to 5 MPa. With CO2 as the heat-removing fluid, the steam exits the device still containing 44% and 7% vapor for the container pressure of 1 MPa and 2 MPa, respectively. For the container pressure of 3 MPa and higher, the steam exits the device as a single-phase saturated liquid. Thus, due to its excellent Joule–Thomson cooling effect and heat capacity, CO2 is a better fluid for power plant cooling applications. The condensing surface area is also estimated, and the results show that when CO2 is used, the condensing surface is 50% to 60% less than that when dry air is used. This leads to significant reductions in the condenser size and the capital costs. A rough estimate of the amount of CO2 that can be stored and utilized is also carried out for a steam power plant which operates with steam with a temperature of 540 °C (813 K) and a pressure of 10 MPa at the turbine inlet and saturated-vapor steam at 0.008 MPa at the turbine outlet. The results indicate that if CO2 is used as a cooling fluid, CO2 emitted from a 1000 MW power plant during a period of 250 days could be stored and utilized.

The waste produced by Steam Power Plant (PLTU) in Taweli Sub-district has negative impact on public health because the disposal process is not performed properly, causing Society communication such as demonstration. This research aims to describe and analyze the communication behavior of people in Taweli Sub-district in relation to the performance of Steam Power Plant (PLTU). This study used a qualitative approach with a case study method. The research results are divided into three indicators, namely (a) The initial information obtained by the Taweli Subdistrict Society related to the construction and performance of the Steam Power Plant (PLTU) was positively welcomed (b) Information on waste disposal by the Steam Power Plant (PLTU) was made into the society as a negative, and (c) The response given by the Taweli Sub-district Society and the people of Palu City was by conducting a demonstration.

Objectives: The aim is to detect damage in boiler of steam plant by using intelligence technique to improve the boiler performance. Experimental information is obtained by use an industrial boiler operating at Al- Dura power plant. Methods/ Statistical Analysis: This manuscript presents is to compare intelligence technique for boiler of steam power plant PID, ANFIS, PSO technique. Various controllers for temperature will be developed to keep boiler operating in normal conditions as well as improving the effectiveness. Such parameters will be modified via building a model that will be implemented in MATLAB based on the requirements of steam power plants as well as the control aims. Findings: The results of the study indicated that the algorithm of PSO is the optimum controlled and top–quality performance regarding the power plants from PID controller. Application/Improvements: Application in indicated PID, ANFIS and PSO were utilized in Al-Dura power plant in Baghdad. Various industrial applications have applied these methods.

In this paper, exergy analysis of a steam power plant located in southern Iran named Zarand power plant has been studied. In order to optimize the performance of the Rankine cycle and achieve highe...