82 results on '"Stavisky J"'
Search Results
2. Phylogeny and prevalence of kobuviruses in dogs and cats in the UK
- Author
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Carmona-Vicente, N., Buesa, J., Brown, P.A., Merga, J.Y., Darby, A.C., Stavisky, J., Sadler, L., Gaskell, R.M., Dawson, S., and Radford, A.D.
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Prevalence of canine enteric coronavirus in a cross-sectional survey of dogs presenting at veterinary practices
- Author
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Stavisky, J., Pinchbeck, G.L., German, A.J., Dawson, S., Gaskell, R.M., Ryvar, R., and Radford, A.D.
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Prevalence of Campylobacter spp. in a cross-sectional study of dogs attending veterinary practices in the UK and risk indicators associated with shedding
- Author
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Parsons, B.N., Porter, C.J., Ryvar, R., Stavisky, J., Williams, N.J., Pinchbeck, G.L., Birtles, R.J., Christley, R.M., German, A.J., Radford, A.D., Hart, C.A., Gaskell, R.M., and Dawson, S.
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Salmonella infections in dogs and cats.
- Author
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Cobb, M. A., primary and Stavisky, J., additional
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. A retrospective study of pyometra at five RSPCA hospitals in the UK: 1728 cases from 2006 to 2011
- Author
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Gibson, A., Dean, R., Yates, D., and Stavisky, J.
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Small animal disease surveillance 2019:Respiratory disease, antibiotic prescription and canine infectious respiratory disease complex
- Author
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Singleton, D.A., Stavisky, J., Jewell, C., Smyth, S., Brant, B., Sánchez-Vizcaíno, F., Dawson, S., Pinchbeck, G.L., Noble, P.J.M., Radford, A.D., Singleton, D.A., Stavisky, J., Jewell, C., Smyth, S., Brant, B., Sánchez-Vizcaíno, F., Dawson, S., Pinchbeck, G.L., Noble, P.J.M., and Radford, A.D.
- Published
- 2019
8. Epidemiology of canine parvovirus and coronavirus in dogs presented with severe diarrhoea to PDSA PetAid hospitals
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Godsall, S. A., primary, Clegg, S. R., additional, Stavisky, J. H., additional, Radford, A. D., additional, and Pinchbeck, G., additional
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Type I canine enteric coronavirus reported at a low prevalence in dogs in the UK
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Stavisky, J., primary, Pinchbeck, G. L., additional, German, A. J., additional, Dawson, S., additional, Gaskell, R. M., additional, Ryvar, R., additional, and Radford, A. D., additional
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Typing of Campylobacter jejuni Isolates from Dogs by Use of Multilocus Sequence Typing and Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis
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Parsons, B. N., primary, Cody, A. J., additional, Porter, C. J., additional, Stavisky, J. H., additional, Smith, J. L., additional, Williams, N. J., additional, Leatherbarrow, A. J. H., additional, Hart, C. A., additional, Gaskell, R. M., additional, Dingle, K. E., additional, and Dawson, S., additional
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Midgut infection by tomato spotted wilt virus and vector incompetence of Frankliniella tritici
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Assis Filho, F. M., primary, Stavisky, J., additional, Reitz, S. R., additional, Deom, C. M., additional, and Sherwood, J. L., additional
- Published
- 2005
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- View/download PDF
12. Integrated Management of Tomato Spotted Wilt on Field-Grown Tomatoes
- Author
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Momol, M. T., primary, Olson, S. M., additional, Funderburk, J. E., additional, Stavisky, J., additional, and Marois, J. J., additional
- Published
- 2004
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. Typing of Campylobacter jejuniIsolates from Dogs by Use of Multilocus Sequence Typing and Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis
- Author
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Parsons, B. N., Cody, A. J., Porter, C. J., Stavisky, J. H., Smith, J. L., Williams, N. J., Leatherbarrow, A. J. H., Hart, C. A., Gaskell, R. M., Dingle, K. E., and Dawson, S.
- Abstract
ABSTRACTCampylobacteris a major cause of human gastroenteritis worldwide. Risk of Campylobacterinfection in humans has been associated with many sources, including dogs. This study aimed to investigate whether C. jejunicarried by dogs could potentially be a zoonotic risk for humans and if there were common sources of C. jejuniinfection for both humans and dogs. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) together with macrorestriction analysis of genomic DNA using SmaI and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) were both used to analyze 33 C. jejuniisolates obtained from various dog populations, including those visiting veterinary practices and from different types of kennels. MLST data suggested that there was a large amount of genetic diversity between dog isolates and that the majority of sequence types found in isolates from these dogs were the same as those found in isolates from humans. The main exception was ST-2772, which was isolated from four samples and could not be assigned to a clonal complex. The most commonly identified clonal complex was ST-45 (11 isolates), followed by ST-21 (4 isolates), ST-508 (4 isolates), and ST-403 (3 isolates). The profiles obtained by macrorestriction PFGE were largely in concordance with the MLST results, with a similar amount of genetic diversity found. The diversity of sequence types found within dogs suggests they are exposed to various sources of C. jejuniinfection. The similarity of these sequence types to C. jejuniisolates from humans suggests there may be common sources of infection for both dogs and humans. Although only a small number of household dogs may carry C. jejuni, infected dogs should still be considered a potential zoonotic risk to humans, particularly if the dogs originate from kennelled or hunt kennel dog populations, where the prevalence may be higher.
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- 2009
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14. Midgut infection by tomato spotted wilt virus and vector incompetence of Frankliniella tritici.
- Author
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de Assis Filho, Francisco M., Stavisky, J., Reitz, S. R., Deom, C. M., and Sherwood, John L.
- Subjects
- *
FRANKLINIELLA , *WILT diseases , *TOMATO diseases & pests , *IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE , *ENZYME-linked immunosorbent assay - Abstract
The mechanism leading to vector competence of thrips species to transmit tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) is not well characterized. We investigated the interaction of TSWV and the non-vector species Frankliniella tritici. A monoclonal antibody to the non-structural protein (NSs) of the TSWV was used to detect TSWV replication within the thrips by immunofluorescence microscopy and enzyme-linked immonosorbent assay (ELISA). TSWV was acquired by F. tritici, replicated and moved within the alimentary canal of F. tritici similar to a known vector of TSWV, Frankliniella occidentalis. However, virus was not found in the salivary glands of F. tritici, which is a prerequisite to virus transmission. Thus, movement to the salivary glands may determine vector incompetence of F. tritici. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2005
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15. A case-control study of pathogen and lifestyle risk factors for diarrhoea in dogs
- Author
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Stavisky, J., Radford, A.D., Gaskell, R., Dawson, S., German, A., Parsons, B., Clegg, S.R., Newman, J., Pinchbeck, G., Stavisky, J., Radford, A.D., Gaskell, R., Dawson, S., German, A., Parsons, B., Clegg, S.R., Newman, J., and Pinchbeck, G.
- Abstract
Diarrhoea is a common and multi-factorial condition in dogs, the aetiology of which is often incompletely understood. A case-control study was carried out to compare the carriage of some common canine enteric pathogens (enteric coronavirus, parvovirus, distemper, endoparasites, Campylobacter and Salmonella spp.), as well as lifestyle factors such as vaccination history, diet and contact with other species, in dogs presenting at first opinion veterinary practices with and without diarrhoea. Multivariable conditional logistic regression showed that dogs in the study which scavenged or had had a recent change of diet (OR 3.5, p = 0.002), had recently stayed in kennels (OR 9.5, p = 0.01), or were fed a home-cooked diet (OR 4, p = 0.002) were at a significantly greater risk of diarrhoea, whilst being female (OR 0.4, p = 0.01), currently up to date with routine vaccinations (OR 0.4, p = 0.05) and having contact with horse faeces (OR 0.4, p = 0.06) were associated with a reduced risk. None of the pathogens tested for was a significant factor in the final multivariable model suggesting that in this predominantly vaccinated population, diarrhoea may be more associated with lifestyle risk factors than specific pathogens. © 2011 Elsevier B.V.
16. ISFM guidelines on population management and welfare of unowned domestic cats (Felis catus)
- Author
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Sparkes, A. H., Bessant, C., Cope, K., Ellis, S. L. H., Finka, L., Halls, V., Hiestand, K., Horsford, K., Laurence, C., MacFarlaine, I., Neville, P. F., Stavisky, J., Yeates, J., Sparkes, A. H., Bessant, C., Cope, K., Ellis, S. L. H., Finka, L., Halls, V., Hiestand, K., Horsford, K., Laurence, C., MacFarlaine, I., Neville, P. F., Stavisky, J., and Yeates, J.
- Abstract
Guidelines rationale: Cats are among the most commonly kept domestic pets, and coexist with humans in a variety of different circumstances. Cats are sentient beings and, as such, humans have a responsibility for cat welfare where humans and cats coexist. Because cats reproduce efficiently, measures to control populations are frequently needed, but these should be based on ethical and humane approaches. Framework: These consensus guidelines from the International Society of Feline Medicine’s Welfare Advisory Panel provide a framework for the approach to welfare and population control measures, primarily among unowned cats and those going through a homing programme.
17. Demographics and economic burden of un-owned cats and dogs in the UK: results of a 2010 census
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Stavisky Jenny, Brennan Marnie L, Downes Martin, and Dean Rachel
- Subjects
Veterinary medicine ,SF600-1100 - Abstract
Abstract Background The population of dogs and cats passing through rescue shelters may be subject to compromised welfare and increased susceptibility to disease. Little information exists to describe this population, its dynamics and associated management practices. The aim of this study was to carry out a census of un-owned cats and dogs in the UK in 2010, and to document the origins, destinations, husbandry and costs associated with the care of these animals. Results A sampling frame was constructed by searching the databases of publicly registered charities for England, Scotland and Wales, registers of breed rescues, and by internet searches of animal welfare websites. Overall, 2,352 contacts for 1,380 organisations were identified. All were sent a postal questionnaire asking for data on the number of dogs and cats housed, their origins and eventual outcomes, and details of husbandry between January 1st and December 31st 2010. For those which were registered charities (595), financial records were also obtained. A response rate of 38.8% was obtained. Overall, in 2010, 89,571 dogs and 156,826 cats entered the care of the participating organisations. Approximately half of these animals were relinquished by their owners. Other origins included being found as strays or confiscated for welfare purposes. Seventy-five per cent of dogs and 77.1% of cats were rehomed. The next most common outcome was euthanasia, accounting for 10.4% of dogs and 13.2% cats. For dogs and cats, 44.3% and 62% of participants respectively reported having a waiting list, which frequently exceeded the actual capacity of the facility. Over 19,000 people were involved in the care of these animals, on a paid or voluntary basis. Financial records were available for 519/595 (87.2%) of the registered charities, and their total expenditure in 2010 was £340 million. Conclusions This study showed that a large number of animals become un-owned each year, which could have considerable implications for their welfare. Despite the resources expended, demand still exceeds capacity for many organisations, and a substantial number of both cats and dogs are euthanased, suggesting that further understanding of how and why these animals become un-owned is essential in order to target interventions.
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- 2012
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18. Detection of squirrel poxvirus by nested and real-time PCR from red (Sciurus vulgaris) and grey (Sciurus carolinensis) squirrels
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Stavisky Jenny, Coyne Karen P, Radford Alan D, Atkin Janus W, and Chantrey Julian
- Subjects
Veterinary medicine ,SF600-1100 - Abstract
Abstract Background Squirrel poxvirus (SQPV) is highly pathogenic to red squirrels (Sciurus vulgaris), and is a significant contributing factor to the local extinction of the species in most parts of England and Wales, where infection is endemic in Eastern grey squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis) populations. Although a nested PCR assay has been used successfully to study the epidemiology of SQPV, samples have a long processing time and the assay is not quantifiable. Results This project describes the design and optimization of a real-time PCR for SQPV. Comparison with the nested PCR showed the real-time assay to be more sensitive by one log and able to detect approximately 144 genome copies per mg of tissue. Conclusions The real-time PCR has been used to quantify viral genome load in tissues from diseased and apparently healthy red and grey squirrels, and suggests that the titre of virus in tissues from diseased red squirrels is considerably higher than that found even in a grey squirrel with cutaneous lesions.
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
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19. Drapes in Routine Aseptic Procedures for Environmental Sustainability (project DRAPES): a protocol for a multi-centre randomised controlled trial comparing post-operative wound complication rates following routine neutering of dogs and cats using reusable or disposable surgical drapes.
- Author
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Dyer N, Wareham K, Doit H, Robinson N, Stavisky J, Dean R, and James H
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- Animals, Dogs, Cats surgery, Female, Male, Postoperative Complications veterinary, Postoperative Complications prevention & control, Postoperative Complications epidemiology, Equipment Reuse, Surgical Drapes, Surgical Wound Infection prevention & control, Surgical Wound Infection veterinary, Disposable Equipment
- Abstract
Background: Reusable surgical drapes have a lower lifetime environmental impact than disposable drapes in most cases. There is limited evidence regarding whether drape choice impacts patient outcomes including post-operative wound complications. The aim of this study is to compare wound complication rates following routine neutering surgeries in cats and dogs when reusable drapes are used as compared with disposable drapes., Methods: The trial will be conducted as a pragmatic, multi-centre, parallel group randomised controlled trial in the UK. Dogs and cats undergoing routine neutering will be randomised to disposable or reusable drapes with all other aspects of care occurring as they usually would at the practice. The required sample size is 2,850, with 4750 animals to be recruited from up to ten practices to allow for a 40% loss to follow-up. Demographic data and details on peri-operative care will be collected at the time of surgery. Post-operative wound complications will be assessed and recorded as usual at each practice using clinical codes. The post-operative wound clinical codes and any antibiotic use within 30 days of surgery will be retrieved from the practice management software. The primary outcome that will be compared between the two groups is the rate of post-operative wound complications within 30 days of surgery which will be analysed by multivariable logistic regression with a binary outcome of wound complication (yes/no). Secondary outcomes are the prevalence of different types of complications and antibiotic use within 30 days of surgery which will be compared between the two groups by chi square analysis., Discussion: Our hypothesis is that there will be no difference in post-operative wound complication rates between disposable and reusable drapes. If the likely rate of post-surgical wound complications with reusable drapes is similar to that with disposable drapes, then veterinary clinical teams can choose the more sustainable option, confident that their patients will not be impacted by this choice., Trial Registration: We have retrospectively registered the protocol on the Open Science Framework on 14 Nov 2023 (Trial registration entry: https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/72HMA )., (© 2024. The Author(s).)
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- 2024
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20. Impact of miscarriage and infertility in the veterinary profession.
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Stavisky J, Belshaw Z, Collinson A, and Scroggie N
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- Humans, Female, Animals, Pregnancy, Veterinarians psychology, Veterinary Medicine, United Kingdom epidemiology, Abortion, Spontaneous epidemiology, Abortion, Veterinary, Infertility veterinary
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- 2024
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21. Horse owner perceptions of equine veterinary nursing roles in the United Kingdom.
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Pritchard P, Robinson N, Saul A, Shrubb J, Stavisky J, and Dean R
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- Horses, Animals, United Kingdom, Cross-Sectional Studies, Humans, Male, Female, Adult, Middle Aged, Nurse's Role, Surveys and Questionnaires, Aged, Ownership, Animal Technicians psychology
- Abstract
Background: Registered (equine) veterinary nurses (R(E)VNs) typically provide few client-facing services. Better utilising R(E)VN skills could help address workforce shortages, improve morale and benefit patient health. The aim of this study was to explore horse owner perceptions of R(E)VN roles., Methods: An online cross-sectional survey of horse owners gathered data on their understanding of R(E)VN roles, their experiences of R(E)VNs their openness to further R(E)VN services and perceived facilitators of and barriers to such services. Participants were recruited via practices, social media and snowball sampling. Descriptive analysis of the quantitative data and manifest content analysis of the qualitative data were conducted., Results: Three hundred and forty-seven useable responses were received. Eighty-one percent (282/347) had heard the term R(E)VN. Most talked positively about their experiences with R(E)VNs. Eighty-seven percent (285/326) were open to an R(E)VN visiting their horse under the direction of a veterinary surgeon, with more than 90% being extremely or somewhat comfortable with R(E)VN visits for bandaging and suture removal., Limitations: It is unclear how closely respondents' perceptions reflect those of the wider UK horse owner population., Conclusions: Horse owners appear to be open to further nursing services, with key procedures such as bandaging being a potential starting point. Understanding the career goals of the individual nurses and the needs of the practice will be key to the successful implementation of these services., (© 2024 British Veterinary Association.)
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- 2024
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22. How do different members of the on-farm mobility team perceive lameness, and what factors influence their NSAID use?
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Craven E, Stavisky J, Robinson N, and Dean R
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- Female, Animals, Cattle, Humans, Farms, Lameness, Animal, Farmers, Pain drug therapy, Pain veterinary, Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal therapeutic use, Cattle Diseases drug therapy
- Abstract
Background: Lameness affects approximately one-third of the national dairy herd, impacting welfare and production. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are the main analgesic available, but use is variable. The aims of this study were to describe how members of the mobility team perceive pain and use NSAIDs for conditions causing lameness in dairy cows., Methods: A questionnaire was distributed online to UK farmers, veterinarians, veterinary technicians (VTs) and foot trimmers (FTs). Respondents were asked to describe factors affecting their NSAID use and to score pain associated with 16 scenarios, including diagnoses, conditions and procedures associated with lameness in cows., Results: Of 210 respondents, 81 (38.6%) were farmers, 80 (38.1%) were veterinarians, 34 (16.2%) were FTs and 15 (7.1%) were VTs. For most conditions, farmers scored pain lower than veterinarians and VTs and were less likely to use or recommend NSAIDs than veterinarians, VTs and FTs. Farmers rated cow comfort as more important (p < 0.001) and the cost of drugs as less important (p < 0.001) in using NSAIDs than veterinarians predicted., Limitations: There were fewer VTs and FTs than farmers and veterinarians, limiting generalisation. Response and social acceptability biases may have affected the findings., Conclusion: All members of the mobility team have different perceptions and areas of expertise around lameness. Increasing collaboration and harnessing of skills and knowledge within the team could improve detection and treatment of lameness, with consequent benefits to cow welfare and production., (© 2023 The Authors. Veterinary Record published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of British Veterinary Association.)
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- 2024
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23. Ten resources for understanding bias in health research: EBM live workshop 2022.
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Nunan D, Bashir K, Bilimoria K, Birdi J, Campbell F, Dean R, Downer MB, Costa GG, Golob MM, Heintzman A, Howe MS, Karunananthan S, Kurup KK, Leinberger-Jabari A, Luo Y, Mathe N, Miguel RTD, Morrow RL, Scobie C, South V, Stavisky J, and Yadav UN
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- Humans, Evidence-Based Medicine, Decision Making
- Abstract
Competing Interests: Competing interests: DN has received expenses and fees for his media work. He holds grant funding from the NIHR School of Primary Care Research and the Royal College of General Practitioners. On occasion, he receives expenses for teaching EBM. He is an associate editor at the BMJ Evidence Based Medicine journal. None to declare: KBashir, FC, MBD, KBilimoria, JB, GGC, RD, MMG, AH, MSH, AL-J, KKK, SK, RLM, RTDM and VS.
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- 2023
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24. Is body size associated with a dog's risk of experiencing an adverse reaction to vaccination?
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Williams K and Stavisky J
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- Dogs, Animals, Body Size, Vaccination adverse effects, Vaccination veterinary
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- 2023
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25. Health and welfare of imported dogs in UK veterinary practice.
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Pinchbeck G, Westgarth C, and Stavisky J
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- Dogs, Animals, United Kingdom, Animal Welfare, Dog Diseases epidemiology
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
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26. Assessment of health and welfare in a small sample of dogs owned by people who are homeless.
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Scanlon L, Hobson-West P, Cobb K, McBride A, and Stavisky J
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- Animals, Cross-Sectional Studies, Dogs, Employment, Humans, Obesity veterinary, Ownership, Surveys and Questionnaires, Dog Diseases, Pets
- Abstract
Background: Pet ownership is common among homeless people, with dogs the most frequently reported pets. However, homeless people receive considerable criticism for keeping pets due to public perception of poor care provision., Materials and Methods: A convenience, cross-sectional sample of 19 homeless people, owning a total of 21 dogs were recruited, and their dogs' health and wellbeing assessed using the PDSA Petwise MOT (P-MOT)., Results: The dogs compared favourably with conventionally owned pets in most areas, including exercise and companionship. Problems included being overweight/obese (although at lower prevalence than the general population). Some owners had difficulty in accessing veterinary care. Behavioural concerns were reported for 61.9% of the dogs, most commonly separation-related distress., Discussion: Being unable to safely leave their pets may impair owners' access to services. Provision of accessible veterinary care, behavioural support and pet-friendly services could improve the health of homeless owners and their pets., (© 2021 The Authors. Veterinary Record published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of British Veterinary Association.)
- Published
- 2022
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27. Does spaying at a younger age reduce dogs' risk of developing mammary tumours?
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Stavisky J and White C
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- Animals, Dogs, Female, Ovariectomy veterinary, Dog Diseases epidemiology, Dog Diseases prevention & control, Mammary Neoplasms, Animal
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- 2022
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28. Educational Research Report Development of International Learning Outcomes for Shelter Medicine in Veterinary Education: A Delphi Approach.
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Stavisky J, Watson B, Dean R, Merritt BL, van der Leij RWJR, and Serlin R
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- Animals, Clinical Competence, Curriculum, Learning, Research Report, Education, Veterinary
- Abstract
Shelter medicine is a veterinary discipline of growing importance. Formally accepted as a clinical specialty in the US in 2014, the practice of shelter medicine worldwide is expanding. As a topic in veterinary pre-registration (undergraduate) education, it is frequently used as an opportunity to teach primary care skills, but increasingly recognized as a subject worthy of teaching in its own right. The aim of this study was to use a Delphi consensus methodology to identify learning outcomes relevant to shelter medicine education. Shelter medicine educators worldwide in a variety of settings, including universities, non-governmental organizations and shelters were invited to participate. Participants were initially invited to share shelter medicine teaching materials. These were synthesized and formatted into Learning Outcomes (LOs) based on Bloom's taxonomy and organized into five subject-specific domains. Participants were then asked to develop and evaluate the identified LOs in two rounds of online surveys. Consensus was determined at > 80% of panelists selecting "agree" or "strongly agree" in response to the statement "please indicate whether you would advise that it should be included in a shelter medicine education program" for each LO. In the second survey, where re-wording of accepted LOs was suggested, preference was determined at > 50% agreement. Through this method, 102 agreed LOs have been identified and refined. These LOs, as well as those which did not reach consensus, are presented here. These are intended for use by shelter medicine educators worldwide, to enable and encourage the further development of this important veterinary discipline.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Priorities for Research into the Impact of Canine Surgical Sterilisation Programmes for Free-Roaming Dogs: An International Priority Setting Partnership.
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Collinson A, Brennan ML, Dean RS, and Stavisky J
- Abstract
Surgical sterilisation is a core activity of free-roaming dog population management (DPM) programmes globally. However, there is limited published evidence on its impact at the population level. To support evidence-based decision making in this field, it is important that research conducted is relevant to those involved in working with free-roaming dogs and implementing such programmes. The aim of this study was to adapt the James Lind Alliance (JLA) user involvement approach to systematically identify the top 10 research priorities regarding the impact of canine sterilisation. International stakeholders with experience working in DPM were asked in an online survey what unanswered questions they had regarding the impact of sterilisation programmes. Thematic analysis of survey responses was used to develop a long list of collated indicative research questions (CIRQs). A literature review was performed to identify questions that were 'true uncertainties' (had not been answered by evidence review). These questions were reduced to a shortlist via an online interim prioritisation survey, and a Delphi consensus process determined the top 10 priorities. The top 10 questions related to dog population size and turnover, dog bite incidents, rabies control, implementation in the field and human behaviour change. These priorities were identified and shaped by people with direct experience of canine surgical sterilisation programmes, and as such are an essential resource for directing future funding and research. Addressing these priorities will generate evidence that is directly applicable to policy makers and practitioners who make decisions regarding the management of free-roaming dogs (FRDs) worldwide.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
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30. Does interferon-ω treatment decrease clinical signs of feline chronic gingivostomatitis more rapidly than steroid treatment?
- Author
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White C and Stavisky J
- Subjects
- Animals, Cats, Controlled Clinical Trials as Topic, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Stomatitis drug therapy, Treatment Outcome, Cat Diseases drug therapy, Interferon Type I therapeutic use, Steroids therapeutic use, Stomatitis veterinary
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Marnie Brennan and Jenny Stavisky respond.
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Brennan M and Stavisky J
- Subjects
- Animals, Cattle, Copper Sulfate, Equidae, Formaldehyde, Milk, Cattle Diseases, Digital Dermatitis
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Development of International Learning Outcomes for Shelter Medicine in Veterinary Education: A Delphi Approach.
- Author
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Stavisky J, Watson B, Dean R, Merritt BL, van der Leij RWJR, and Serlin R
- Abstract
Shelter medicine is a veterinary discipline of growing importance. Formally accepted as a clinical specialty in the US in 2014, the practice of shelter medicine worldwide is expanding. As a topic in veterinary pre-registration (undergraduate) education, it is frequently used as an opportunity to teach primary care skills, but increasingly recognized as a subject worthy of teaching in its own right. The aim of this study was to use a Delphi consensus methodology to identify learning outcomes relevant to shelter medicine education. Shelter medicine educators worldwide in a variety of settings, including universities, non-governmental organizations and shelters were invited to participate. Participants were initially invited to share shelter medicine teaching materials. These were synthesized and formatted into Learning Outcomes (LOs) based on Bloom's taxonomy and organized into five subject-specific domains. Participants were then asked to develop and evaluate the identified LOs in two rounds of online surveys. Consensus was determined at > 80% of panelists selecting "agree" or "strongly agree" in response to the statement "please indicate whether you would advise that it should be included in a shelter medicine education program" for each LO. In the second survey, where re-wording of accepted LOs was suggested, preference was determined at > 50% agreement. Through this method, 102 agreed LOs have been identified and refined. These LOs, as well as those which did not reach consensus, are presented here. These are intended for use by shelter medicine educators worldwide, to enable and encourage the further development of this important veterinary discipline.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Jenny stavisky responds.
- Author
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Stavisky J
- Subjects
- Checklist, Humans, Peer Review methods
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
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34. Evaluating the role of surgical sterilisation in canine rabies control: A systematic review of impact and outcomes.
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Collinson A, Bennett M, Brennan ML, Dean RS, and Stavisky J
- Subjects
- Animals, Dogs, Humans, Rabies prevention & control, Rabies Vaccines administration & dosage, Zoonoses, Dog Diseases prevention & control, Rabies veterinary, Sterilization, Reproductive veterinary
- Abstract
Current recommendations for the elimination of canine-mediated human rabies focus on mass dog vaccination as the most feasible and cost-effective strategy. However, attempts to control rabies are often combined with canine surgical sterilisation programmes. The added value of sterilisation is widely debated. A systematic review was undertaken to compare the outcomes and impact of vaccination and sterilisation programmes with vaccination only programmes. A systematic search of three electronic databases (CAB Abstracts, Medline and Global Health) and grey literature was performed. From 8696 abstracts found, 5554 unique studies were identified, and 16 studies met the inclusion criteria. Eight described vaccination only programmes and eight described vaccination and sterilisation programmes. Indicators of impact measured were dog bites and/or doses of post-exposure prophylaxis administered; numbers of dog and/or human rabies cases; dog population demographic changes; changes in health and welfare of dogs, and indicators related to human behaviour change. The studies were contextually very diverse, programmes being implemented were complex, and there was variation in measurement and reporting of key indicators. Therefore, it was difficult to compare the two types of intervention, and impossible to make an evaluation of the role of sterilisation, using this evidence. Given the large number of vaccination and sterilisation programmes conducted globally, the lack of studies available for review highlights a gap in data collection or reporting, essential for impact assessment. There are several knowledge gaps concerning the impact of the sterilisation component alone, as well as subsequent effects on rabies transmission and control. Prospective studies comparing the outcomes and impact of the two interventions would be required in order to establish any additional contribution of sterilisation, as well as the underlying mechanisms driving any changes. In the absence of such evidence, the priority for rabies control objectives should be implementation of mass vaccination, as currently recommended by the World Health Organisation., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
- Published
- 2020
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35. Are copper sulfate footbaths as effective as formalin footbaths in reducing clinical signs of digital dermatitis in dairy cattle?
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Brennan M and Stavisky J
- Subjects
- Animals, Cattle, Female, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic veterinary, Treatment Outcome, Baths veterinary, Cattle Diseases prevention & control, Copper Sulfate therapeutic use, Digital Dermatitis prevention & control, Formaldehyde therapeutic use
- Published
- 2020
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- View/download PDF
36. Critically Appraised Topics (CATs) in Veterinary Medicine: Applying Evidence in Clinical Practice.
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Brennan ML, Arlt SP, Belshaw Z, Buckley L, Corah L, Doit H, Fajt VR, Grindlay DJC, Moberly HK, Morrow LD, Stavisky J, and White C
- Abstract
Critically appraised topics (CATs) are evidence syntheses that provide veterinary professionals with information to rapidly address clinical questions and support the practice of evidence-based veterinary medicine (EBVM). They also have an important role to play in both undergraduate and post-registration education of veterinary professionals, in research and knowledge gap identification, literature scoping, preparing research grants and informing policy. CATs are not without limitations, the primary one relating to the rapid approach used which may lead to selection bias or restrict information identified or retrieved. Furthermore, the narrow focus of CATs may limit applicability of the evidence findings beyond a specific clinical scenario, and infrequently updated CATs may become redundant. Despite these limitations, CATs are fundamental to EBVM in the veterinary profession. Using the example of a dog with osteoarthritis, the five steps involved in creating and applying a CAT to clinical practice are outlined, with an emphasis on clinical relevance and practicalities. Finally, potential future developments for CATs and their role in EBVM, and the education of veterinary professionals are discussed. This review is focused on critically appraised topics (CATs) as a form of evidence synthesis in veterinary medicine. It aims to be a primary guide for veterinarians, from students to clinicians, and for veterinary nurses and technicians (hereafter collectively called veterinary professionals). Additionally, this review provides further information for those with some experience of CATs who would like to better understand the historic context and process, including further detail on more advanced concepts. This more detailed information will appear in pop-out boxes with a double-lined surround to distinguish it from the information core to producing and interpreting CATs, and from the boxes with a single line surround which contain additional resources relevant to the different parts of the review., (Copyright © 2020 Brennan, Arlt, Belshaw, Buckley, Corah, Doit, Fajt, Grindlay, Moberly, Morrow, Stavisky and White.)
- Published
- 2020
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37. Jenny Stavisky and Marnie Brennan, the authors of the article, respond.
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Stavisky J and Brennan M
- Subjects
- Animals, Cats, Female, Ovariectomy veterinary
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
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38. Importing rescue dogs into the UK: reasons, methods and welfare considerations.
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Norman C, Stavisky J, and Westgarth C
- Subjects
- Animals, Dogs, Female, Humans, Male, Surveys and Questionnaires, United Kingdom, Animal Welfare, Travel
- Abstract
Background: Rescuing dogs from overseas is increasing in popularity but has associated risks. This study is the first to investigate the reasons why people bring rescue dogs into the UK from overseas, the importation process, and potential welfare problems associated with this practice., Methods: An online questionnaire was advertised on social media in 2017 and received 3080 responses., Results: Participants primarily chose to adopt from abroad based on a desire for a particular dog they had seen advertised and on concern for its situation. However, some were motivated by previously having been refused dogs from UK rescues. Adopters reported that the EU Pet Travel Scheme was used to import 89 per cent of dogs, with only 1.2 per cent reportedly under the more stringent (and correct) Balai Directive. 14.8 per cent (79/533) of dogs reportedly tested for Leishmania infantum had positive results. Although sometimes severe, the prevalence of behavioural problems appeared comparable to that of other rescue dogs., Conclusion: It is important that vets consider testing for exotic diseases, and the provision of behavioural support, when seeing imported patients. Our findings emphasise the importance of clear guidelines on travel laws, and stricter checks on animals imported as rescues, to ensure protection against the importation of diseases that pose a risk to animal and human health in the UK., Competing Interests: Competing interests: Miss Norman was awarded a studentship from the Animal Welfare Foundation to conduct the study and she grew up living at a kennels and cattery that included stray and RSPCA dogs. Dr Westgarth previously worked in an RSPCA shelter for stray dogs. Dr Stavisky has nothing to disclose., (© British Veterinary Association 2020. Re-use permitted under CC BY. Published by BMJ.)
- Published
- 2020
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39. Comparing wound complications associated with midline and flank approaches for spaying cats.
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Stavisky J and Brennan M
- Subjects
- Animals, Evidence-Based Medicine, Female, Ovariectomy adverse effects, Ovariectomy methods, Postoperative Complications epidemiology, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Cats surgery, Ovariectomy veterinary, Postoperative Complications veterinary
- Published
- 2020
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40. A novel approach to welfare interventions in problem multi-cat households.
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Hill K, Yates D, Dean R, and Stavisky J
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- Animal Husbandry economics, Animal Welfare economics, Animal Welfare organization & administration, Animals, Cats surgery, England, Female, Humans, Animal Husbandry standards, Animal Welfare standards, Cats physiology, Hysterectomy veterinary, Ovariectomy veterinary
- Abstract
Background: Thousands of injured, stray and relinquished cats are received at the RSPCA Greater Manchester Animal Hospital each year. A significant and challenging proportion of these cats are confiscated from multicat households by RSPCA Inspectors, due to the owners' inability to care for them. These households share many characteristics of animal hoarding, including poor owner compliance with suggested welfare improvements and recidivism. The relatively poor adoption potential of animals from such households are a perennial problem for the charity. The aim of this study was to determine if offering female cat neutering assistance to multi-cat owners significantly improved colony welfare., Results: Ten multicat households with a history of public complaint to the RSPCA were recruited. An RSPCA veterinary surgeon (VS) initially assessed the overall welfare of each household's cat population, individual cat welfare and the living environment. All entire female cats aged over 8 weeks were neutered and basic animal care education provided. Follow up visits were completed two and 12 months later to reassess welfare parameters and population numbers. The total number of cats was 176 across ten households (range 7-33, median 16). All owners consented to having all entire female cats spayed. At the first visit, mean individual cat welfare scores ranged from 5.4-8.7/ 16 across the 10 households, where 16 represented best possible welfare. Overall household mean welfare scores were significantly improved at both the 2 month and 12 month revisits (p = 0.011 and p = 0.01 respectively) when compared to the initial visits. By the end of the study period, three out of the ten households had voluntarily relinquished all of their cats, and overall there was a 40% reduction in the number of cats., Conclusions: Animal hoarding has previously been an intractable welfare concern with little evidence informing intervention techniques. These results show that positive veterinary engagement on site, focused on preventative care and population control, can yield significant improvement in welfare scoring systems in relatively short timescales. Promptly collecting and neutering all female cats at a site, combined with advice and support, show promise in improving welfare.
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- 2019
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41. Small animal disease surveillance 2019: respiratory disease, antibiotic prescription and canine infectious respiratory disease complex.
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Singleton DA, Stavisky J, Jewell C, Smyth S, Brant B, Sánchez-Vizcaíno F, Dawson S, Pinchbeck GL, Noble PJM, and Radford AD
- Subjects
- Animals, Anti-Bacterial Agents therapeutic use, Cat Diseases drug therapy, Cats, Dog Diseases drug therapy, Dogs, Prescriptions veterinary, Rabbits, Respiratory Tract Infections drug therapy, Respiratory Tract Infections epidemiology, United Kingdom epidemiology, Cat Diseases epidemiology, Dog Diseases epidemiology, Respiratory Tract Infections veterinary, Sentinel Surveillance veterinary
- Published
- 2019
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42. Shelter housing for cats: Practical aspects of design and construction, and adaptation of existing accommodation.
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Wagner D, Hurley K, and Stavisky J
- Subjects
- Animal Welfare, Animals, Cats, Environment Design standards, Housing, Animal standards
- Abstract
Practical relevance: Not every cat shelter will have purpose-built accommodation but housing designed with the basic needs of cats in mind, whether purpose-built or adapted from existing housing, will improve the experience of cats passing through the facility. Challenges: Designing and building accommodation for cats in shelters should be a thoughtful process. There is a range of different housing types available. A variety of factors, such as expected length of stay, type of cat, cost and disease risk, will influence which design is most appropriate., Aims: This review, the second in a two-part series, provides an overview of some of the essential requirements for housing shelter cats, either singly or in groups. Specific practical aspects of housing, including design, space allowances, cage furnishings and suitable construction materials, are discussed, and suggestions made for upgrading existing housing where extensive rebuilding is not feasible or realistic. Evidence base: There is a relatively small body of empirical evidence to inform shelter design recommendations. The recommendations in this article are based on a careful review of the available evidence, some of which has come from allied fields such as the care of experimental animals. Where evidence is not yet available, recommendations have been based on field experience and collective expert opinion.
- Published
- 2018
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43. Shelter housing for cats: Principles of design for health, welfare and rehoming.
- Author
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Wagner D, Hurley K, and Stavisky J
- Subjects
- Animal Welfare standards, Animals, Cats, Ownership, Environment Design standards, Housing, Animal standards
- Abstract
Practical relevance: Shelters and rehoming centres are a valuable tool in the population management and rehoming of cats. However, housing large numbers of a relatively asocial species in close proximity poses significant challenges. Well-designed accommodation enables improved standards of husbandry, as well as a better working environment for staff. This can have a significant benefit in expediting rehoming, as cats are healthier, and more likely to display natural behaviors and have positive interactions with potential adopters. Global importance: As cat overpopulation is such a widespread issue, cat shelters are common in many countries. This review will be of interest to those involved in the design and construction of cat shelters, and to those caring for the cats within them. The principles discussed also apply to boarding, breeding, research and hospitalization facilities. Challenges: Shelter housing poses substantial challenges in terms of maintaining positive health and wellbeing while sustaining adoption at an optimum rate. Disease control and biosecurity are typically facilitated by having a relatively barren, easily cleanable environment. However, this must be weighed against the provision of opportunities for cats to perform natural behaviors such as hiding, perching and interacting if they wish. A more enriched environment has also been shown to expedite adoption., Aims: This review, the first in a two-part series, discusses practical aspects of housing and shelter design for the health, welfare and adoption of shelter cats. Evidence base: There is a relatively small body of empirical evidence to inform shelter design recommendations. The recommendations in this article are based on a careful review of the available evidence, some of which has come from allied fields such as the care of experimental animals. Where evidence is not yet available, recommendations have been based on field experience and collective expert opinion.
- Published
- 2018
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- View/download PDF
44. Prevalence of and risk factors for FIV and FeLV infection in two shelters in the United Kingdom (2011-2012).
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Stavisky J, Dean RS, and Molloy MH
- Subjects
- Animals, Cats, Charities, Female, Male, Prevalence, Risk Factors, United Kingdom epidemiology, Feline Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome epidemiology, Housing, Animal statistics & numerical data, Immunodeficiency Virus, Feline isolation & purification, Leukemia Virus, Feline isolation & purification, Leukemia, Feline epidemiology
- Abstract
The aims of this study were to determine the prevalence of feline leukaemia virus (FeLV) and feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) infections in cats presented to two RSPCA (Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals) animal rehoming centres and to identify risk factors for infection. All cats presented at each centre between August 2011 and August 2012 were subjected to a patient-side test for FeLV/FIV on entry. Kittens under three months and cats euthanased within a short time of presentation were excluded from the study. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression were used to separately determine risk factors for FeLV and FIV infections. At shelter A, the prevalence of FIV infection was 11.4 per cent (54/474) and FeLV infection was 3 per cent (14/473), with two FIV/FeLV coinfections identified. At shelter B, the prevalence of FIV infection was 3 per cent (4/135) and FeLV infection was 0 per cent (0/135). Cats at shelter A were significantly more likely than those at shelter B to test positive for FIV (p=0.0024) and FeLV (p=0.048). Male cats were more likely to be infected with FIV (odds ratio 27.1, p=0.001), and thin body condition and musculoskeletal disease were associated with risk of FeLV. Overall, FIV-positive and FeLV-positive cats were significantly older (median ages 5.1 and 4.75 years, respectively) than the uninfected populations (median ages 3.4 and 3.5 years, respectively). This study shows that the prevalence of these diseases varies between shelter populations. Local knowledge combined with the risk factors identified may be useful in focusing resources for population testing strategies., Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared., (© British Veterinary Association (unless otherwise stated in the text of the article) 2017. All rights reserved. No commercial use is permitted unless otherwise expressly granted.)
- Published
- 2017
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45. Benazepril in dogs with asymptomatic mitral valve disease.
- Author
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Brennan M and Stavisky J
- Subjects
- Animals, Dogs, Evidence-Based Medicine, Mitral Valve Insufficiency drug therapy, Retrospective Studies, Survival Analysis, Treatment Outcome, Veterinary Medicine, Antihypertensive Agents therapeutic use, Asymptomatic Diseases therapy, Benzazepines therapeutic use, Dog Diseases drug therapy, Mitral Valve Insufficiency veterinary
- Abstract
BestBETs for Vets are generated by the Centre for Evidence-based Veterinary Medicine at the University of Nottingham to help answer specific questions and assist in clinical decision making. Although evidence is often limited, they aim to find, present and draw conclusions from the best available evidence, using a standardised framework. A more detailed description of how BestBETs for Vets are produced was published in Veterinary Record earlier this year (VR, April 4, 2015, vol 176, pp 354-356)., (British Veterinary Association.)
- Published
- 2015
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46. A critically appraised topic (CAT) to compare the effects of single and multi-cat housing on physiological and behavioural measures of stress in domestic cats in confined environments.
- Author
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Finka LR, Ellis SL, and Stavisky J
- Subjects
- Animals, Cat Diseases etiology, Cat Diseases prevention & control, Cats physiology, Stress, Psychological prevention & control, Cats psychology, Housing, Animal standards, Stress, Psychological etiology
- Abstract
Background: Domestic cats have evolved from solitary, asocial predators and whilst they may display social behaviours, they can still exist as solitary survivors. Over-population and relinquishment of pet cats are ubiquitous problems worldwide, and rehoming centres (also known as rescues/ shelters) aim to ameliorate this by holding cats in confinement for a variable period until a new home is found. The provision of optimal housing for large numbers of cats in close confinement, such as in rehoming centres, is therefore inherently difficult. Under these conditions there is the potential for individuals to develop signs of physical and psychological ill health, and thus experience compromised welfare. Available information regarding housing practices that maximise welfare currently provides conflicting results, and as a consequence there are no unanimous housing recommendations. The aim of this study was therefore to review the evidence on the impact of single housing compared to multi-cat housing on stress in confined cats, as measured by physiological and/or behavioural outcomes. The review was conducted using a Critically Appraised Topic (CAT) format. A systematic search of electronic databases (CAB Abstracts, Zoological Records and Medline) was carried out to identify peer-reviewed literature comparing single and multi-cat housing in confined environments., Results: A total of 959 papers were initially identified, six of which met sufficient criteria based on their relevance to be included within this review. All of the studies had significant limitations in design and methodology, including a lack of information on how groups were assigned, inconsistent handling and enrichment provision between groups, and lack of information on the socialisation status of cats., Conclusions: Whilst some studies suggested that single housing may be less stressful for cats, others suggested group housing was less stressful. Several other important factors were however identified as potential mediators of stress within the different housing systems, and recommendations based upon these findings are presented.
- Published
- 2014
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47. Too many cats: how owner beliefs contribute to overpopulation.
- Author
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Stavisky J
- Subjects
- Animals, Female, Humans, Pregnancy, Cats physiology, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Ownership, Pets, Reproduction physiology
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. What is a feral cat?: Variation in definitions may be associated with different management strategies.
- Author
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Gosling L, Stavisky J, and Dean R
- Subjects
- Animals, Animals, Domestic, Animals, Wild surgery, Cat Diseases epidemiology, Cats, Population Control, Sterilization, Reproductive statistics & numerical data, United Kingdom, Animal Welfare, Animals, Wild classification, Cat Diseases classification, Cat Diseases surgery, Sterilization, Reproductive veterinary, Veterinary Medicine classification
- Abstract
Study Rationale: The definition of a true feral cat is an area of much contention, with many variations used worldwide. In this study, opinions were gathered from feral cat rescue workers and veterinary surgeons working in the United Kingdom to identify a practical definition of a feral cat, suitable for use in the field, education and research., Protocol: A mixed methods approach, using questionnaires and focus groups, was used to collect data from feral cat workers and veterinary surgeons., Findings: Conflicts in opinion on the implications of taming feral cats exist. The rescue workers typically felt that most cats could be tamed, whereas the veterinary surgeons felt this was generally inappropriate, except in the case of young kittens. A consistent definition of feral cats would enable better communication regarding the welfare and management of these animals, and would be useful for further research and education of the public. PROPOSED DEFINITION: A feral cat is proposed by this study to be a cat that is unapproachable in its free-roaming environment and is capable of surviving with or without direct human intervention, and may additionally show fearful or defensive behaviour on human contact.
- Published
- 2013
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49. ISFM guidelines on population management and welfare of unowned domestic cats (Felis catus).
- Author
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Sparkes AH, Bessant C, Cope K, Ellis SL, Finka L, Halls V, Hiestand K, Horsford K, Laurence C, MacFarlaine I, Neville PF, Stavisky J, and Yeates J
- Subjects
- Animals, Cats psychology, Consensus, Euthanasia, Human-Animal Bond, Hysterectomy veterinary, Population Control methods, Population Density, Societies standards, Vasectomy veterinary, Animal Welfare standards, Animals, Wild surgery, Cats surgery, Contraception veterinary, Veterinary Medicine standards
- Abstract
Unlabelled: GUIDELINES RATIONALE: Cats are among the most commonly kept domestic pets, and coexist with humans in a variety of different circumstances. Cats are sentient beings and, as such, humans have a responsibility for cat welfare where humans and cats coexist. Because cats reproduce efficiently, measures to control populations are frequently needed, but these should be based on ethical and humane approaches., Framework: These consensus guidelines from the International Society of Feline Medicine's Welfare Advisory Panel provide a framework for the approach to welfare and population control measures, primarily among unowned cats and those going through a homing programme.
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Cross sectional and longitudinal surveys of canine enteric coronavirus infection in kennelled dogs: a molecular marker for biosecurity.
- Author
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Stavisky J, Pinchbeck G, Gaskell RM, Dawson S, German AJ, and Radford AD
- Subjects
- Animals, Coronavirus Infections epidemiology, Coronavirus, Canine physiology, Cross-Sectional Studies, Dog Diseases virology, Dogs, Feces virology, Genes, Viral, Longitudinal Studies, Molecular Diagnostic Techniques, Molecular Sequence Data, Multivariate Analysis, Phylogeny, Prevalence, Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Risk Factors, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Viral Load, Virus Shedding, Coronavirus Infections veterinary, Coronavirus, Canine genetics, Dog Diseases epidemiology, Housing, Animal
- Abstract
Previous studies have suggested that kennelled dogs are more likely to test positive for CECoV than household pets. Here we describe both cross sectional and longitudinal studies in two rescue kennels and two boarding kennels, together with molecular diagnostics, to provide a new insight into the epidemiology of CECoV. Prevalence of CECoV in the cross sectional studies tended to be higher in the rescue kennels (13.8% and 33.3%) than the boarding kennels (5.3% and 13.5%). In each kennel, type I CECoV was more prevalent than type 2 CECoV. The mean quantity of type I detected was equivalent to 6.3 × 10(8)gc/gm (range=5 × 10(6), 8.5 × 10(11)), compared to 1.3 × 10(8)gc/gm (range = 3 × 10(6), 2.4 × 10(10)) for type II. In one rescue shelter where dogs were followed longitudinally, infection was significantly associated with accommodation block as well as the length of stay (increased risk of CECoV per week in residence of × 1.9). Of those animals sampled on two or more occasions, none tested positive on arrival, and 54.5% later shed CECoV, suggesting that infection may have been acquired within the kennel. Shedding patterns and sequence analysis suggested both types I and II CECoV were maintained in this population by a combination of introductions into the shelter and within-shelter transmission. The findings suggest that some kennel environments may be important in maintaining CECoV infection in the population. We also propose that the diversity of viruses like CECoV in these populations may provide a novel surrogate marker for the success of biosecurity., (Copyright © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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