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The aim of this paper is to analyze the formative and evaluative activities involving statistical graphs in the new textbooks for Chilean rural multigrade education. The methodology is qualitative, at a descriptive level and uses the content analysis technique. The sample is made up of the six primary education textbooks distributed by the Ministry of Education for rural multigrade schools. The results show the predominance of the bar chart, semiotic level 3, the task of calculating and the personal context in both types of activities, although with respect to the reading level, it is evident that level 4 predominates in the formative activities and level 2 in the evaluative ones. According to the results, it is recommended to incorporate graphs proposed by the curricular guidelines of the Ministry of Education, which are absent in textbooks as well as to include evaluative activities that require reflection on the nature of the data, context, representation and conclusions obtained from them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractIn this present article, we have suggested memory-type ratio, exponential ratio, product and exponential product estimators based on exponentially weighted moving average statistic for the estimation of heterogeneous population variance using stratified sampling design in presence of measurement error for time-scaled surveys. Mathematical expressions of approximate mean square error are derived using Taylor and exponential expansions for the proposed memory-type estimators. We have also discussed the situations in which the memory-type estimators would perform efficiently than the conventional estimators. The results of extensive simulation study revealed that the proposed memory-type estimators based exponentially weighted moving average statistic would perform better than the conventional estimators in the presence measurement error for time-scaled surveys under certain condition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Let (Ω , Σ , p) be a probability measure space and let X : Ω → R k be a (vector valued) random variable. We suppose that the probability pX induced by X is absolutely continuous with respect to the Lebesgue measure on R k and set fX as its density function. Let ϕ : R k → R n be a C1-map and let us consider the new random variable Y = ϕ (X) : Ω → R n. Setting m : = max { rank (J ϕ (x)) : x ∈ R k } , we prove that the probability pY induced by Y has a density function fY with respect to the Hausdorff measure H m on ϕ (R k) which satisfies f Y (y) = ∫ ϕ − 1 (y) f X (x) 1 J m ϕ (x) d H k − m (x) , for H m − a. e. y ∈ ϕ (R k). Here J m ϕ is the m-dimensional Jacobian of ϕ. When J ϕ has maximum rank we allow the map ϕ to be only locally Lipschitz. We also consider the case of X having probability concentrated on some m-dimensional sub-manifold E ⊆ R k and provide, besides, several examples including algebra of random variables, order statistics, degenerate normal distributions, Chi-squared and "Student's t" distributions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The portmanteau test is an effective tool for testing the goodness of fit of models. Motivated by the fact that high-frequency data can improve the estimation accuracy of models, a modified portmanteau test using high-frequency data is proposed for ARCH-type models in this paper. Simulation results show that the empirical size and power of the modified test statistics of the model using high-frequency data are better than those of the daily model. Three stock indices (CSI 300, SSE 50, CSI 500) are taken as an example to illustrate the practical application of the test. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The investigation on the unpredictability of the distribution of traction resistance forces on the working bodies of a specific type of MCLS complex cultivator is presented in the paper. The validation of the random character of the force that loads the active bodies is used to indicate the mathematical model that must be followed for the research of the soil processing system. Also, the research results elucidate some hypotheses issued in the conception and design of the machine: the more intense load for the working bodies located immediately after the tractor, the existence of working bodies that are constantly more intensively stressed and the causes. According to the literature, it is to be assumed that the forces that demand the working bodies, the supports, and the machine frame have a random nature. The conclusions of the descriptive, inferential statistical study (which do not quantify the random intensity) are explained together with the results. The experimental loads are compared to some of the most random strings to produce a quantitative estimate of the random intensity. As a result, processes that use random functions and the entirety of their approach are recommended in mathematical modelling for further research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The pharmaceutical industry is one of those that are developing, such a market is characterized by a large supply and demand, the number of brands, not to mention the sales market, which includes all citizens of the country without exception. Issues related to the formation and development of the pharmaceutical market in Ukraine concern not only representatives of pharmaceutical companies, pharmacists, and pharmacists but also doctors. A great deal in medicine and society, in general, depends on the harmony, stability, and civility of the pharmaceutical market. Today, the state of the pharmaceutical market and the structure of relations between its main participants in our country leave much to be desired. This adversely affects both the economy and health care. Medicines occupy the largest share in sales volumes of "pharmacy basket" products. The key characteristics of the Ukrainian pharmaceutical market today are a low level of per capita consumption of medicines and it is important to mark. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Meta-analyses by definition are a subtype of systematic review intended to quantitatively assess the strength of evidence present on an intervention or treatment. Such analyses may use individual-level data or aggregate data to produce a point estimate of an effect, also known as the combined effect, and measure precision of the calculated estimate. The current article will review several important considerations during the analytic phase of a meta-analysis, including selection of effect estimators, heterogeneity and various sub-types of meta-analytic approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Air pollution has very damaging effects on human health. In recent years the Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has created a worldwide economic disaster. Although the consequences of the COVID-19 lockdowns have had severe effects on economic and social conditions, these lockdowns also have also left beneficial effects on improving air quality and the environment. This research investigated the impact of the COVID-19 lockdown on NO2 and O3 pollutants changes in the industrial and polluted cities of Arak and Tehran in Iran. Based on this, the changes in NO2 and O3 levels during the 2020 lockdown and the same period in 2019 were investigated in these two cities. For this purpose, the Sentinel-5P data of these two pollutants were used during the lockdown period from November 19 to December 05, 2020, and at the same time before the pandemic from November 19 to December 05, 2019. For better results, the effect of climatic factors such as rain and wind in reducing pollution was removed. The obtained results indicate a decrease in NO2 and O3 levels by 3.5% and 6.8% respectively in Tehran and 20.97% and 5.67% in Arak during the lockdown of 2020 compared to the same time in 2019. This decrease can be caused by the reduction in transportation and socio-economic and industrial activities following the lockdown measures. This issue can be a solid point to take a step toward controlling and reducing pollution in non-epidemic conditions by implementing similar standards and policies in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents results generated by research on the influence of forward speed on the traction resistance force for soil processing machines. Statistical estimators are proposed to highlight the intensity of the connection between the traction resistance force and the forward speed and an optimal evaluation method of an exponent of the work speed to explain as well as possible the behaviour of the traction resistance force. It is found that the variance and the standard deviation are the statistical estimators that highlight the most intensively the connection between the traction resistance force and the forward speed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The S- X 2 statistic (Orlando & Thissen, 2000) is popular among researchers and practitioners who are interested in the assessment of item fit. However, the statistic suffers from the Chernoff–Lehmann problem (Chernoff & Lehmann, 1954) and hence does not have a known asymptotic null distribution. This paper suggests a modified version of the S- X 2 statistic that is based on the modified Rao–Robson χ 2 statistic (Rao & Robson, 1974). A simulation study and a real data analyses demonstrate that the use of the modified statistic instead of the S- X 2 statistic would lead to fewer items being flagged for misfit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Charophyte algae is a very sensitive group of organisms occupying Kazakhstan waterbodies. They are distributed throughout the country; however, not enough studies have been conducted, especially in the southern region. Research carried out in 2019–2022 identified 33 habitats of charophyte algae in the south and southeastern regions of Kazakhstan, including 15 new to Kazakhstan. Bioindicators and the statistical analysis of 223 species of nine phyla of microalgae associated with charophytes revealed that the main factors influencing the distribution of algal diversity may be habitat altitude and hydrology. The habitat altitude of about 700 m above sea level was shown to be the boundary between the different diversity distributions. The application of bioindicator methods can expand our knowledge on the ecology of the charophyte species in Kazakhstan. The study of algal diversity in charophyte habitats can serve as a tool for tracking climate change under potential future climate warming. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Davletyarova, K, Vacher, P, Nicolas, M, Kapilevich, LV, and Mourot, L. Associations between heart rate variability–derived indexes and training load: repeated measures correlation approach contribution. J Strength Cond Res 36(7): 2005–2010, 2022—This study aimed to evaluate whether similar associations between indexes derived from heart rate variability (HRV) analyses and training load (TL) could be obtained by using the commonly used Pearson correlation technique and the repeated measures correlation (rmcorr). Fourteen well-trained swimmers (18.5 ± 1.6 years) participated. The training period lasted 4 weeks with a gradual increase in TL. Daily external TL (exTL) and internal TL (inTL) were summed to obtain a weekly TL, and HRV analyses were performed every Saturday morning. During the 4-week period, exTL and inTL increased (p < 0.05) together with a decrease (p < 0.05) in heart rate and an increase (p < 0.05) of cardiac parasympathetic indexes. No significant correlation was found using Pearson correlation while significant associations were found using rmcorr; considering exTL, positive (mean R-R interval [MeanRR], root mean square of differences between successive RR interval [RMSSD], low frequency [LF], high frequency [HF], instantaneous beat-to-beat variability [SD1], continuous beat-to-beat variability [SD2], SD1/SD2; r from 0.59 to 0.46, p value from <0.001 to 0.002) and negative (mean heart rate [meanHR]; r = −0.55, p < 0.001) associations were found. Considering inTL, positive (MeanRR, RMSSD, LF, HF, HFnu, SD1, SD2, SD1/SD2; r from 0.56 to 0.34, p -value from <0.001 to 0.025) and negative (meanHR, LFnu, LF/HF; r from −0.49 to −0.34, p value from 0.001 to 0.025) associations were found. The rmcorr statistical method was able to show associations between parasympathetic indexes and TL contrary to Pearson correlation analysis. Because rmcorr is specifically designed to investigate within-individual association for paired measures assessed on 2 or more occasions for multiple individuals, it should constitute a tool for future training monitoring researches based on a repeated-measures protocol. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The goal of this study is to build an application that can be used in difficult cases and sudden circumstances during the pandemic and post-disaster state, which can be the development of digital risk management and mitigating the difficult impact of the epidemic through the improvement of IT and IoT that can be fine by finding initial solutions and make the world like a digital city that could be managed by the network. We provide this study to gain an overview of reasons for delayed and exceeded costs in a select of thirty Iraqi case projects by controlling the time and cost. The drivers of delay have been investigated in multiple countries/contexts. however, there is little country data available under the conditions that have characterized Iraq over the previous 10-20 years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To explore the risk factors of seizures after titanium mesh cranioplasty, and put forward the corresponding preventive measures. Methods The clinical data of 223 patients with skull defect treated with titanium mesh cranioplasty were analyzed retrospectively. All patients were followed up after operation. They were divided into epilepsy group（48 cases） and non epilepsy group（175 cases） based on whether postoperative seizures onset. Univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to explore the risk factors of postoperative seizures. Results The postoperative seizure rate was 21. 52%（48 cases）. Univariate analysis showed that the gender, skull defect area, time and dura mater damage during cranioplasty may be related to postoperative seizures（all P < 0. 05）. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that gender（OR = 7. 956,95% CI: 2. 759 ～ 22. 944）,skull defect area（OR = 1. 032,95% CI: 1. 018 ～1. 046）,skull defect time（OR = 1. 146,95% CI: 1. 043 ～ 1. 260） and dura mater damage during cranioplasty（OR = 2. 558,95% CI: 1. 234 ～ 5. 302） could be independent risk factors for postoperative seizures（all P < 0. 05）. Conclusions The skull defect area, the skull defect time and the dura mater damage during cranioplasty are the risk factors that may lead to postoperative seizures. Therefore, the area of bone flap removed should be considered as much as possible during decompressive craniectomy, cranioplasty should be performed as early as possible after skull defect, and try to avoid damaging the dura mater during the cranioplasty, which can reduce seizures after cranioplasty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is a common injury, primarily affecting young, active individuals. Despite surgical intervention being the more common treatment for patients suffering ACL ruptures, current management is based on limited and generally low-quality evidence. We describe a statistical analysis plan (SAP) for the ACL SNNAP randomised controlled trial, which aims to investigate the necessity of surgical management in patients with ACL injuries.Methods/design: ACL SNNAP is a pragmatic, multi-centre, superiority, parallel-group randomised controlled trial in participants with a symptomatic non-acute ACL deficient knee. Participants are allocated in a 1:1 ratio to either non-surgical management (rehabilitation) or surgical management (reconstruction) with the aim of assessing the efficacy and cost-effectiveness. The primary outcome of the study is the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS4) at 18 months post-randomisation. The KOOS4 score at 18 months will be evaluated using a linear regression model adjusting for recruitment centre and baseline KOOS4 scores, allowing for intra-centre correlation. A secondary analysis of the primary outcome will be carried out using an area under the curve (AUC) approach using treatment estimates obtained from a mixed model using baseline, 6 months, 12 months, and 18 months post-randomisation outcome data. Secondary outcomes will be measured at 18 months and will include return to activity/level of sport participation, intervention-related complications, the EQ-5D-5L questionnaire, all 5 individual subscales of the KOOS questionnaire, the ACL-QOL score, expectations of return to activity and cost-effectiveness of the interventions. Missing primary outcome data will be investigated through a sensitivity analysis. Full details of the planned methods for the statistical analysis of clinical outcomes are presented in this paper. The study protocol for the ACL SNNAP trial has been published previously.Discussion: The methods of analysis for the ACL SNNAP trial have been described here to minimise the risk of data-driven results and reporting bias. Any deviations from the analysis methods described in this paper will be described in full and justified in the publications of the trial results.Trial Registration: ISRCTN ISRCTN10110685 . Registered on 16 November 2016. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We investigated the different sources and their corresponding impact areas of Pu in Chinese surface soils to illustrate the state-of-the-art of the sources, levels and distributions of 240 Pu/ 239 Pu atom ratios as well as 239 + 240 Pu activity concentrations in China. For the first time a moving average strategy in combination with statistical analysis was employed to partition geographic areas in China based on the reported 240 Pu/ 239 Pu atom ratio and 239 + 240 Pu concentration data from public literature. During the partitioning, the median (MED) of the dataset was basically employed as a criteria in place of the commonly used arithmetic average (AM). Concisely, three areas were partitioned according to the different influences of Pu from the Lop Nor (LNTS) and Semipalatinsk (STS) test sites and the global fallout. The partitioned Ternary area (80° E–105° E, 35° N–50° N) was supposed to have multiple sources of Pu including the STS and LNTS besides the global fallout, which was characterized with slightly lower 240 Pu/ 239 Pu atom ratios (MED = 0.174) as well as elevated 239 + 240 Pu concentrations (MED = 0.416 mBq/g). Meanwhile, the Binary area (35° N–45° N, 100° E–115° E) was considered to have received the extra contribution from the high-yield nuclear tests at the LNTS besides the global fallout, resulting in the highest 240 Pu/ 239 Pu atom ratios (MED = 0.200) across China. The remaining area was marked as the Unitary area, where it only received the exclusive contribution of global fallout. Furthermore, through the statistical analysis of the 240 Pu/ 239 Pu data in the Unitary area, we recommended a value of 0.186 ± 0.021 (AM ± SD) as a representative or area-specific 240 Pu/ 239 Pu atom ratio baseline to characterize the global fallout derived Pu in Chinese soils. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work presents an analysis of the existing dependencies between the tests of the FIPS 140-2 battery. Two main analytical approaches are utilized, the first being a study of correlations through the Pearson's correlation coefficient that detects linear dependencies, and the second one being a novel application of the mutual information measure that allows detecting possible non-linear relationships. In order to carry out this study, the FIPS 140-2 battery is reimplemented to allow the user to obtain p-values and statistics that are essential for more rigorous end-user analysis of random number generators (RNG). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: As the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic is still ongoing with patients overwhelming healthcare facilities, we aimed to investigate the ability of white blood cell count (WBC) and their subsets, high fluorescence lymphocyte cells (HFLC), immature granulocyte count (IG), and C‐reactive protein (CRP) to aid diagnosis of COVID‐19 during the triage process and as indicators of disease progression to serious and critical condition. Methods: We collected clinical and laboratory data of patients, suspected COVID‐19 cases, admitted at the emergency department of University General Hospital of Ioannina (Ioannina, Greece). We selected 197 negative and 368 positive cases, confirmed by polymerase chain reaction test for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. COVID‐19 cases were classified into mild, serious, and critical disease. Receiver operating characteristic curve and binary logistic regression analysis were utilized for assessing the diagnosing ability of biomarkers. Results: WBC, neutrophil count (NEUT), and HFLC can discriminate efficiently negative cases from mild and serious COVID‐19, whereas eosinopenia and basopenia are early indicators of the disease. The combined WBC‐HFLC marker is the best diagnostic marker for both mild (sensitivity: 90.6% and specificity: 64.1%) and serious (sensitivity: 90.3% and specificity: 73.4%) disease. CRP and Lymphocyte count are early indicators of progression to serious disease whereas WBC, NEUT, IG, and neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio are the best indicators of critical disease. Conclusion: Lymphopenia is not useful in screening patients with COVID‐19. HFLC is a good diagnostic marker for mild and serious disease either as a single marker or combined with WBC whereas IG is a good indicator of progression to critical disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With advances in materials science, the performance of concrete materials has continued to improve, especially its compression strength. However, increases in compression strength often result in ductility decreases and sudden failures. The addition of steel fibers can improve the tensile strength of concrete materials and its ductility. This investigation developed an analytical material model for steel fiber–reinforced concrete (SFRC) based on a variable engagement model. This model was extended to an analytical method that predicts the precracked and postcrack flexural behavior of SFRC beams, with various fiber orientations. To validate the proposed model, direct tension and pullout fiber tests and flexural beam tests on a variety of fiber configurations were used to evaluate the effect of fibers added in mortar beams. The proposed analytical models were used to predict the tensile behavior of proposed steel fiber–reinforced composites, including precrack and postcrack flexural behaviors. Comparisons show that although more work is needed in precrack behavior, reasonable agreement was found between predicted and measured behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. This study shows statistical information regarding COVID-19 in Colombia up to this date (March 1-2022). Specifically, the daily, monthly and cumulative evolution of infections and deaths, correlated with the distribution of the population according to age and gender. Objective. Show statistical information about COVID-19 that allows help to plan and design, in future Pandemics, public health policy strategies in Colombia. Methods. Daily information since the official declaration of Pandemic in Colombia (March 16 - 2020) was obtained by the National Health Institute (INS) and was organized in a database in order to conduct respective analysis. This information was compared to similar studies obtained based on the bibliographical review. Results and Conclusions. Results and conclusions are similar to those found in the reference literature: most part of those dead by COVID-19 are of senior age and male gender. Regarding Case Fatality Rate (CFR), it notoriously increases with age. The most vulnerable population displays an average age of = 52.8 years. The less vulnerable population are young persons under 30 years of age, but specifically, those within the age range of 10 and 20 years. Gompertz and Logistic models can mathematically simulate the evolution of deaths and the evolution of CFR according to age. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Rohia–Sbiba graben in Central Tunisia exhibits interesting hydrogeological characteristics with complex aquifer systems encompassing several Cretaceous to Quaternary hydrogeological units. To define the geometrical development of the aquifer units and to give new insights on recharge, mineralization and hydrodynamic processes, an integrated hydrogeological study was conducted. Gravity, electrical data and groundwater physicochemical parameters together with statistical analysis provided detailed information on the aquifer’s geometry and their hydrodynamics and mineralization processes. The tectonic control of the graben sedimentary fill gave thick permeable deposits ensuring high storage capacity. These deposits exhibit complex geometry and record variable conditions of stream-flow, deposition and erosion related to the migration of surface drainage channels. The recharge of this aquifer system is ensured by direct infiltration of meteoric water from surface flows and artificial recharge structures. The groundwater samples exhibit sulfated and calci-magnesian chloride facies. The chemical elements result mainly from the dissolution of evaporitic rocks and tend to accumulate within the detrital aquifer downstream; the shallow carbonated aquifers are disposed to transfer groundwater laterally to the subsided detrital units. The combination of geophysical, hydrochemical and statistical approaches in studying the hydrogeology of these tectonically controlled aquifers provided a comprehensive understanding for developing long-term management of groundwater. Research highlights: Geophysical data and groundwater physicochemical parameters together with statistical analysis were used to decipher the aquifer’s geometry, hydrodynamic and mineralization processes. The tectonic control of the aquifer system is highlighted and discussed. The BMLP and major oxides (CaO and MgO wt%) along the growth laminae may be associated with CaCO3 deposition, reflecting surface precipitation and disequilibrium conditions. Preserved biogenic remains associated with primary features may depict biogenic activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present the U-statistic permutation (USP) test of independence in the context of discrete data displayed in a contingency table. Either Pearson's X²-test of independence, or the G-test, are typically used for this task, but we argue that these tests have serious deficiencies, both in terms of their inability to control the size of the test, and their power properties. By contrast, the USP test is guaranteed to control the size of the test at the nominal level for all sample sizes, has no issues with small (or zero) cell counts, and is able to detect distributions that violate independence in only a minimal way. The test statistic is derived from a U-statistic estimator of a natural population measure of dependence, and we prove that this is the unique minimum variance unbiased estimator of this population quantity. The practical utility of the USP test is demonstrated on both simulated data, where its power can be dramatically greater than those of Pearson's test, the G-test and Fisher's exact test, and on real data. The USP test is implemented in the R package USP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The tensile strength along the longitudinal direction of unidirectional carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRPs) constitutes important data for the reliable design of CFRP structures. Our earlier reports proposed the formulations for the statistical static, creep, and fatigue strengths of CFRP based on Christensen's model of the viscoelastic crack kinetics. Objective: This study is concerned with the statistical assessment of the tensile static, creep, and fatigue strengths of unidirectional CFRPs by using the proposed formulations and the characterization of the long-term strengths of unidirectional CFRPs. Method: First, the proposed formulations for the time-dependent and temperature-dependent statistical static, creep, and fatigue strengths of CFRP are introduced. Second, the tensile static, creep and fatigue strengths of unidirectional CFRP are measured statistically at various temperatures using resin-impregnated CFRP strands as tensile test specimens by measuring the viscoelasticity of the matrix resin. Finally, the master curves showing the long-term life of these strengths are constructed by substituting these measured data into the formulations. Results: The results clarify that the formulations are applicable with high reliability over wide ranges of time and temperature for the statistical tensile static, creep and fatigue strengths of unidirectional CFRP except above the glass transition temperature of the matrix resin. Therefore, the fatigue strength degradation phenomena of unidirectional CFRPs can be expressed by the time- and temperature-dependent part due to the viscoelastic behavior of the matrix resin and the number of load cycle-dependent parts. Conclusions: The long-term life prediction of unidirectional CFRPs under static, creep and fatigue tension loadings can be determined by ascertaining the mechanical properties of the CFRP and matrix resin in the proposed formulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ANNs are flexible tools that have shown utility as function estimators and prediction methods in Data Mining, Machine Learning, among others. The aim of this research is to carry out comparative analysis of the prediction and classification accuracy between artificial neural networks and traditional statistical methods. To carry out this comparative analysis, different cases of prediction and supervised classification were selected. The samples of the different cases were divided into samples for training and validation. Finally, a comparative analysis of the prediction and classification accuracy between artificial neural networks and traditional statistical methods was obtained, using the sum of squared errors (SSE), the coefficient of determination (R2), among others. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wheat is a grass widely cultivated for its seed, a cereal grain which is a worldwide staple food. In this article, it is presented an analysis of data obtained on the impact of growth, development, stem height, spike parameters, grain yield and mineral fertilizer application norms on its quality indicators in soft wheat varieties. In the experiment, the increase in the rate of mineral fertilizers did not affect the increase in grain size, but rather its decrease. In particular, the highest yield was achieved when the feeding norm N200P150K100 kg/ha was applied, but when determining the amount of grain formed at the expense of 1 kg NPK, it was 13.62–15.33–14.15 kg by varieties. Grain quality indicators are the highest in the variants applied N200P150K100 kg/ha, protein (15.0%), gluten (28.6%) and vitreous (63.9%) of the variety “Matonat”, control “Yaksart” (13.5%; 26.3%; 60.6%) and “Zamin‑1” (14.0%; 27.8%; 59.7%). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was conducted in experiment fields in the Plant Science department of Tashkent State Agrarian University in 2014-2016. The experiment was performed in split-plot design with 4 replication. Based technology for the use of biostimulator Microzym-2 under peanut cultivation, determined the economic efficiency of the studied peanut varieties depending on the agro technological elements in obtaining a high and quality yield. When using the biostimulator Microzym-2 with a rate of 30 l/t before sowing peanut seeds, the yield of pods of the "Salomat" variety was higher by 0,14 t/ha, and the "Mumtoz" variety by 0,11 t/ha compared to the control (0,12 t/ha). When using mineral fertilizers with a rate of N150P150K100 kg/ha with the introduction of the biostimulator Microzym-2 before sowing seeds, as well as in the phase of flowering-pods formation, the grain yield of the Salomat variety was 2,93 t/ha, and that of the Mumtoz variety was 3,32 t/ha. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Time series analysis is essential and takes a critical role in the areas such as finance, economics, statistic and engineering since it provides the opportunity of making decisions about the future. In time series analysis, Autoregressive (AR) models, Moving Average (MA) models, and Box-Jenkins, which includes Autoregressive Moving Average (ARMA) models, are widely used. However, in order: for the predicted results to be reliable from these models, the series must be stationary, has no noisy data and must be detrended or has no seasosanility, which is particularly problematic in financial time series. Wavelet transform (WT), which is based on the separation of time series into two components which are long-term trend and variation, has been recently used in the data preprocessing step in order to overcome that kind of problem. Thus, it provides a separate estimation model for each component of the time series and provides a more accurate estimation of its behavior. In this study, it is aimed to estimate Electricity Consumption per Capita (kWh per capita) by WT and compare the results with the traditional models. For this purpose, kWh per capita data covering the period of 1960 and 2014 of 26 different countries are used. R², Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) criteria are used for performance comparison. According to these comparison criteria, it is observed that the performance of the prediction based on wavelet transform is better. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the country plan, versatile structuring measures are required for integration and multidimensional measurement techniques are required to measure the effects of these measures on effectiveness. One of these effectiveness measurement techniques is also Data Envelopment Analysis. Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is a linear programming technique planned to measuring effectiveness of decision making units that convert input into output. First of all, different portfolio types were obtained by Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm that is one of the artificial intelligence methods in this study. In order to access optimum portfolio, the most preferred parameter values were created in literature and Sharpe performance ratio which is the measure of portfolio performance was used as the goal function. In the study, the data set consisting of the daily return rates of the shares of BIST-30 index between 02/01/2017- 31/12/2017 was analysed for portfolio optimization with PSO algorithm. Data Envelopment Analysis was conducted to measure effectiveness of portfolios with different proceeds and risk ratios as a result of analysis and the portfolio with the least risk and the most proceed was defined as an effective portfolio. Used DEA model was input oriented CCR model. Thus, which portfolios are effective were determined. Then super effectiveness of DMUs were investigated by AP approach and were obtained a rank for effective portfolios and suggestions have been given on how to make ineffective portfolios effective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents the results of an investigation inserted in an intervention cycle of a design based research (DBR) on the development of didactic knowledge of mathematics teachers, namely with respect to statistics. Its aim is to understand how the articulation of a set of design principles in the context of a teacher education experience can contribute to promote the didactic knowledge of the participants. Data analysis is based on the following design principles: use of exploratory tasks; use of authentic classroom situations; and use of technology. The results suggest that the design principles assumed in the teacher education experience contributed to the development of the teachers' knowledge regarding the potential of the exploratory approach to statistics, in order to expand their knowledge about the tasks that can make a contribution to this type of teaching. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The formulation for time- and temperature-dependent statistical static and fatigue strengths for carbon fiber reinforced plastics laminates is newly proposed based on the physically serious role of resin viscoelasticity as the matrix of carbon fiber reinforced plastics. In this study, this formulation is applied to the tensile strength along the longitudinal direction of unidirectional carbon fiber reinforced plastics constituting the most important data for the reliable design of carbon fiber reinforced plastics structures which are exposed to elevated temperatures for a significant period of their operative life. The statistical distribution of the static and fatigue strengths under tension loading along the longitudinal direction of unidirectional carbon fiber reinforced plastics were measured at various temperatures by using resin-impregnated carbon fiber reinforced plastics strands as specimens. The master curves for the fatigue strength as well as the static strength of carbon fiber reinforced plastics strand were constructed based on the time–temperature superposition principle for the matrix resin viscoelasticity. The long-term fatigue strength of carbon fiber reinforced plastics strand can be predicted by using the master curve of fatigue strength. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A statistic can be defined as a set of methods and procedures that cover all phases of a research, from planning and coordination to data collection through sampling or census, being implemented in several areas for the interpretation of the data used in different research results. The present study aimed to use statistical analysis as a factor for interpreting data obtained through the results of physical-chemical analyzes performed on banana chips. To carry out this work, the results obtained by Couto et. al., (2019), where physical-chemical analyzes were carried out on banana chips of the Prata variety (Musa AAB) that underwent a dehydration process after the use of different treatments. The analyzed data were obtained through the physicochemical analyzes of Soluble Solids (° Brix), pH and Titratable Acidity. The analyzes followed a methodology as described in Couto et. al., (2019). From the analysis of variance (ANOVA) it is possible to conclude that, at the level of 5% of significance, at least one average, among the treatments mentioned, differs from the others, for all the variables ºBrix, pH and Titratable Acidity. It was found that, at the 5% level of significance, the hypothesis of normality is not rejected. Therefore, data regarding ºBrix, pH and titratable acidity, follow a normal distribution. Regarding equality of variances, it was observed that, for all ºBrix, pH and titratable acidity variables, the hypothesis of homoscedasticity was not rejected, at the level 5% significance level. The use of statistics has significantly contributed to the data interpretation procedure, since most researches require statistical devices to summarize the data obtained during the experiment. In the present work it was possible to conclude, statistically, that the banana chips that were submitted to the different treatments proved to be similar, since the values of the minimum and maximum averages are very close, presenting results coming from the physical-chemical analyzes, very close. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The knowledge about the main statistical methods used in studies of a certain area of knowledge allows to know the predominant methodological design, as well as the main objectives to be tested, and to check if there are limitations in the use of more elaborated and updated methods. Objective: to describe the main statistical methods adopted in doctoral theses developed in a postgraduate program in the area of Physical Education and to describe the statistical methods used in published articles with data from these theses. Methodology: the present study analyzed quantitative theses, defended between 2003 and 2013 and their corresponding published articles. The following data were extracted from the theses and articles: number of articles published with data from each thesis, data related to descriptive analysis, normality tests, whether inferential statistical tests were carried out and, if so, which ones were adopted. Results: a total of 46 theses and 88 articles were included in the analyzes of the present study. The median of publications per thesis was two articles, with 10 theses presenting no published articles and three theses presenting five published studies. There was a predominance of cross-sectional studies, a preference for the use of inferential statistics, with a predominance of parametric tests. Furthermore, there was a high use of methods of comparisons between means, and the use of correlations. Conclusions: in general, the statistical methods adopted in the theses and published articles are adequate and consistent with the objectives proposed in the studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the present research is to investigate the performance of the teams participating in Men's EHF Euro 2020 hosted by Sweden, Austria and Norway, using the statistical data recorded during the competition. Twenty-four European teams took part in the event. It is for the first time in the history of handball that a special smart ball has been used to provide a lot of new details in real time. A total number of 5779 shots were taken during the competition and 3532 goals were scored. The average efficiency at this event had a value of 60%. The average number of scored goals per game was 26.5. Only 12% of the total number of goals were scored in the first phase of the offence. A total number of 93067 passes were counted during the competition, with an average of 718 passes per game. Of these, 1760 assists were counted throughout the competition, with an average of 13 assists per team in each played game. The players used by the 24 participating teams ran a total distance of 3845.5. An average distance of 29.7 km was run per game. The Norwegian player Sander Sagosen was the top scorer of the competition, with 65 goals. The fastest shot was recorded by Filip Taleski from North Makedonia, with a speed of 141 km/h. The highest jump, 75 cm, was recorded by Miquel Martins from Portugal. The paper also highlights the differences between teams regarding all the mentioned variables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Leptospirosis is one of the major concern zoonoses in the world, as it has a wide geographic distribution, having been evidenced in more than half of the countries, being particularly prevalent in the Americas. The present study aimed to analyze the spatial distribution of leptospirosis in the city of Joinville / SC from 2007 to 2017. For the statistical analysis, descriptive analysis, normality, correlation and clustering techniques were adopted, involving the 43 neighborhoods of the municipality, with five descriptive variables. The present study indicated that the highest incidence of cases of the disease in Joinville is related to areas with low coverage of the sewage network, low middle income and medium to high population density and areas susceptible to flooding. The two neighborhoods with the highest number of cases, Vila Nova and Pirabeiraba, were notably the urban regions characterized by extensive flooded properties aimed at the cultivation of irrigated rice. The groups with the highest number of cases were located in areas close to mangroves and marginal areas of the city, with high susceptibility to flooding and high demographic density. The identification of these places was extremely important and allows a promising approach for a better implementation of public policies to combat waterborne diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

On-site wastewater treatment systems are approved by the French regulation based on the results of platform tests following the European standard NF EN 12566-3. In addition to this approval for the treatment system, at least 90% of outlet concentrations have to be below 30 mg L-1 for total suspended solids (TSS) and 35 mg L-1 for biochemical oxygen demand. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effluent quality of these treatment systems on site, i.e. under real operating conditions, and to assess their performances. Between 2011 and 2016, 1,286 treated wastewater samples were taken from 231 on-site sanitation facilities in France. Data collected are heterogeneous and a robust statistical methodology (using a generalized log-linear model) was used to study the effects of four explanatory variables (treatment systems, loading rate, aging and sampling methods) on the distribution of treated wastewater concentrations. The model calculates median outlet concentrations depending on the effects identified. Its application allowed studying and comparing the outlet median concentrations of 21 on-site sanitation systems classified into nine categories and three groups. Four treatment systems out of the 21 monitored showed TSS median outlet concentrations below 10 mg L-1 and four treatment systems have TSS medians higher than the regulatory threshold of 30 mg L-1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The reduction in transistor size in commercial electronic circuits has been enabled by the use of new materials in the gate oxide. Assessing the reliability of 28 nm CMOS makes sense and is necessary for industrial purpose, especially for long-term use in extreme environments. Without the support of the manufacturer and to meet our typical requirements, we perform an ageing test for up to 16 months (12,000h), as opposed to the typical test performed for less than 1000 h, on 45 FPGA. Ageing drifts are monitored using 192 ring oscillators integrated in each FPGA and the measurement circuits are located inside the tested devices. To imply the negative effect of BTI and HCI, several combined stress conditions were applied: from negative to hot temperature, core voltages, stress frequencies and duty cycles. The raw data is correlated to external conditions during the measurement to compensate for them. The final goal is to obtain consistent data with limited bias. Therefore, we correctly extract the BTI and HCI drifts. The drifts of the BTI mechanism are modeled as a function of the duty cycle stress conditions. The dispersion of the data is then analyzed and a precise statistical approach leads us to a realistic estimate of its reliability. Degradations at low temperature are correlated with the number of switching, which suggests that the HCI is involved. Finally, we show than these degradations remain very low and thus quite compatible with an industrial application. • Evaluation of degradation mechanisms on 28 nm technology • Ageing test for up to 2 years on ring oscillators, with several stress conditions • Extraction of the bias temperature instability and hot carrier injection drifts [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we introduce two new statistics for detecting outliers in the Pareto distribution. These new statistics are the extension of the statistics for detecting outliers in exponential and gamma distributions. In fact, we compare the power of our test statistics with the other statistics and select the best test statistic for detecting outliers in the Pareto distribution. Finally, numerical examples of different insurance claims are used to see the performance of the test. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyzes in historical perspective the eugenic discussion of the English statistician Ronald Aylmer Fisher at the beginning of his professional trajectory. Between 1914 and 1919, Fisher published articles and book reviews in the journal The Eugenics Review, in which he exposed the viability of eugenics thinking. Through such sources I investigate how statistical and evolutionary biology were linked to their eugenic proposals and what was the scientific context of eugenics in the first decades of the twentieth century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The prevalence of cesarean surgery has been alarming over the past three decades. In Romania, the rate of cesarean surgery has increased dramatically since 1990. This increase in the percentage of cesarean surgeries was not only achieved in Romania, but also globally. The paper presents a comparison of the reasons for carrying out C-section births in Romania and the reasons in the world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract The historical evolution of the averaging concept in turbulence is presented according to a two-fold analysis, taking into consideration the physical meaning and the mathematical formulation. After having placed in their historical context some symptomatic characteristics of turbulent flows, the question of their interpretation as a turbulence syndrome, leading to a unitary identification of the phenomenon, is discussed. We then deal with the emergence of the notion of mean as a tool of physical understanding of such a unitary approach, and its relation with the progression of the "experimental" evidence. We conclude by relating this notion to the theoretical aspects of a determinism on average of the turbulent regime, its finality and some attempts to develop a probabilistic theory of turbulence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Several non-climatic interferences can produce noise in a series of climatic data, especially in the daily unit, with relevance to Climatology. In face of this, the present paper aimed to evaluate the efficiency of the RHtest, technique of homogenization of daily rainfall data, for the Brazilian tropical context. At the international level, the demand for data quality control is increasing, however, given the possibility of altering the observed datas, many doubts arise regarding homogenization; for this reason, the data series (1967-2015) of three rain gauges in the state of Rio de Janeiro, in different topographic contexts, were submitted to the test. From the comparison of the observed and homogenized data series, using Spearman correlation, frequency distribution in rainfall classes and climatic extremes indexes (RClimDex), the potential application of the technique to the Rio de Janeiro was confirmed. The results showed that there is an expressive ordinal correlation between the observed and homogenized data (greater than 99%) and with a 95% significance. In addition, the technique, removing the noises from the series, favored that other climatic indexes presented a tendency with statistical significance. On the other hand, the frequency distribution showed a possible interference of the relief in the results in relation to the Petrópolis rain gauge (leeward), in which the concentration of rain reflects in variations of the threshold; however, the observed differences between the observed and homogenized datas, in terms of extremes, were not greater than 21 mm to Petrópolis rain gauge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Religious texts are very important in terms of adding language innovations to language tongues and thus enriching vocabulary. Because such texts are new concepts for a language. The most valuable religious texts are the Qur'an. The Qur'an has been translated into Turkic since the 11th century. Through these translations, hundreds of religious terms have been brought to our language. In the first translations, while trying to give more Turkish equivalents of the religious terms, it seems that the terms of the last translations are either Arabic or Persian opposition. The purpose of this study is to determine how many of the religious terms are in Kyrgyz translations, and how many of them are Arabic or Persian. The Kyrgyz translation, based on the work, was made by Alauddin Mansur in 2001. Many things have been done in the Qur'an, from prayer to salvation, from immanent infidelity, from heritage to hell, from heaven from hell, from evil to evil, from haram to hell, from old tribes, from the atrocities to those who are out of the way and from Christianity to Judaism. Since the examination of all of the subject matter of the book is very extensive, the present work has been narrowed down as an examination of abstract concepts. In this study, only Kyrgyz Turkism, which was made by Alauddin Mansur, was examined as the name of abstract concepts such as gin, devil, angel, hereafter, doomsday, account day, heaven and hell. When the work is done, first the verses of gin, devil, angel, hereafter, doomsday, calculus day, heaven and hell concepts and other names mentioned in the Qur'an have been verse verse. Later, the meanings of these concepts were written in the translations of Kyrgyz Turkic Qur'an translation and Kyrgyz dictionaries. At the end of the study, how many of the terms identified are expressed in numerical values of how much is Kirghiz and Arabic, and how much is Persian; Information was given on the form of krish term. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For as long as basketball has been played, it's been played with five positions. Today they are point guard, shooting guard, small forward, power forward and centre. A California data geek sees 13 more hidden among them, with the power to help even the Charlotte Bobcats improve their line-up and win more games. Muthu Alagappan is a Stanford University senior, a basketball fan and an intern at Ayasdi, a data visualisation company. Ayasdi takes huge amounts of info and displays it in interactive shapes that highlight patterns - it's called topological data analysis, and it can be applied to sports, too. The structure of the new positions was made for the North American Basketball Championship (NBA), based on an impressive number of statistical information. Adaptation of such a system to basketball on the European continent also implies adapting it to the analytical and statistical resources available in domestic and international competitions in Europe. Thus, of the 12 positions for analysis, we propose the use of 10 of them, which can be identified using the resources that any senior team has at their disposal, namely the FIBA statistical box and the video analysis by the technical staff. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The importance of predicting failures in industrial equipment with greater reliability and speed causes different methods to be aggregated to match these needs and accelerate maintenance strategies in organizations. This work was based on the analysis of correlation and regression through statistical techniques that led to a broader perception of the impact of unplanned maintenance. The objective was to examine how the correlation and regression analysis can assist in the management of port industrial maintenance. An exploratory and quantitative approach was carried out through the case study, covering the bibliographic review as a support for the research topic. The variables Reliability, Corrective Maintenance and Preventive Maintenance were verified by the existence of a significant correlation of the coefficients that allowed to express mathematically the regression equation. At the conclusion of the research, it was possible to observe that Corrective Maintenance has a negative impact on the Reliability of industrial equipment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was conducted in the experiment fields in the Plant Science Department of Tashkent State Agrarian University in 2012-2014. It was determined that the fertilizing rate has a statistically significant effect on pod yield, days to maturity, days to 50% flowering date, number of pods per plant, plant height, shelling percentages, pod yield per plant, and 100-seed weight. The results showed that the suitable fertilizing rate was 150 kg ha-1 for "Salomat" variety and 200 kg ha-1 for the variety of "Mumtoz". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A restricted growth function (RGF) of length n is a sequence w = w 1 w 2 … w n of positive integers such that w 1 = 1 and w i ≤ 1 + max ⁡ { w 1 , … , w i − 1 } for i ≥ 2 . RGFs are of interest because they are in natural bijection with set partitions of { 1 , 2 , … , n } . An RGF w avoids another RGF v if there is no subword of w which standardizes to v . We study the generating functions ∑ w ∈ R n ( v ) q st ( w ) where R n ( v ) is the set of RGFs of length n which avoid v and st ( w ) is any of the four fundamental statistics on RGFs defined by Wachs and White. These generating functions exhibit interesting connections with multiset permutations, integer partitions, and two-colored Motzkin paths, as well as noncrossing and nonnesting set partitions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]