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Abnormal pneumatization of the middle nasal turbinate, also named concha bullosa, is one of the most frequent anomalies of the ethmoid-osteomeatal complex. Clinical studies have demonstrated a prevalence between 14% and 53% in the general population. Apart from the high frequency, the importance of this anomaly resides in the loco-regional changes it produces. First, it modifies the airflow at the level of the nasal passages both through the mass effect and through the irritating action on the adjacent nasal mucosa. Therefore, congestion of the nasal mucosa occurs. Secondly, it is a predisposing factor for the installation of rhinosinus infections, especially with chronic rhinosinusitis and fungal sinus infections. Thirdly, concha bullosa can cause rhinogenic pain through the same irritating phenomenon at the level of the mucosa. Our paper aims to address the anatomic-clinical, diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of the pneumatization of the middle nasal turbinate, paying special attention to the concepts of development and etiological factors. Finally, yet importantly, we propose an original anatomical-morphological classification that includes semiological computer tomographic aspects highlighted both in the sagittal plane and in the axial plane.

During pregnancy, dental care is important for the overall health of the mother and unborn baby. However, it is essential to take into account certain aspects when planning dental treatments in a pregnant woman with cardio-vascular pathological implications. It is important to coordinate with your medical and dental team to ensure a safe and effective treatment plan. Pregnancy can bring additional challenges for patients with cardiovascular pathological implications during dental treatments. The medical team must know these aspects to ensure safe and effective dental treatment. Pregnancy itself can affect the cardiovascular system, and this aspect should be taken into account during dental treatments in pregnant women. It is also important to pay attention to medications and procedures used in dentistry to minimize the risk of cardiovascular complications during this delicate period. The dental management of a pregnant patient in the third trimester of pregnancy in the 7th month should be approached with caution and special attention to ensure the safety of both lives. In general, dental treatments are recommended during pregnancy to prevent dental complications that can affect the general health of the mother and fetus

IntroductionThe triangular recess (TR), also called triangular fossa or vulva cerebri, represents the anterior extension of the diencephalic ventricle, located between the anterior columns of the fornix and the anterior white commissure. Over time, this structure of the third cerebral ventricle generated many disputes. While some anatomists support its presence, others have opposite opinions, considering that it only becomes visible under certain conditions. The aim of the study is to demonstrate the tangible structure of the triangular recess. Secondly, the quantitative analysis allowed us to establish an anatomical morphometric standard, as well as the deviations from the standard.Materials and methodsOur study is both a quantitative and a qualitative evaluation of the triangular fossa. We dissected 100 non-neurological adult brains, which were fixed in 10% formaldehyde solution for 10 weeks. The samples are part of the collection of the Institute of Anatomy, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi. We highlighted the triangular fossa by performing dissections in two stages at the level of the roof of the III ventricle.ResultsThe qualitative analysis is a re-evaluation of the classical data concerning the anatomy of the fossa triangularis. We proposed an original 3D model of the triangular recess in which we described a superficial part called vestibule and a deep part called pars profunda. We measured the sides of the communication between the two proposed segments, as well as the communication with the III ventricle. By applying the Heron’s formula, we calculated the area of the two communications. Statistical evaluations have shown that these communications are higher than they are wide. In addition, there is a statistical difference between the surfaces of the two communications: 34.07 mm2 ± 7.01 vs. 271.43 mm2 ± 46.36 (p = 0.001).ConclusionThe outcome of our study is both qualitative and quantitative. Firstly, we demonstrated the existence of the triangular fossa and we conceived a spatial division of this structure. Secondly, the measurements carried out establish an anatomo-morphometric norm of the triangular recess, which is useful in assessing the degree of hydrocephalus during the third endoscopic ventriculoscopy.

Infective endocarditis is a rare disease in children. The etiology is mainly bacterial. However, viral infective endocarditis, possibly related to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has also been reported. The pathophysiological principle of the connection between the two entities seems to be attributed to the transient immune deficiency of the body during the infection. Additionally, SARS-CoV-2 is reported in the literature as a direct cardiopathic virus. Therefore, the new coronavirus seems to have the ability to affect both the intact cardiac tissue and the previously damaged one both during the acute episode and at a distance from it. Consequently, we propose to review the main pathophysiological aspects of pediatric cardiac damage caused by SARS-CoV-2. The ultimate goal is to deepen existing knowledge, broaden the horizon of understanding and analysis regarding the systemic damage induced by viral infections, and strengthen an information base from which to start a meta-analysis. Next, we performed a non-systematized screening of the specialized literature with reference to cases of endocarditis in the pediatric population, reported in the period 2020–2023. From the total of articles found, we chose to include in the review a number of 6 case reports, including a number of 7 patients (5 children and 2 adolescents). Analysis of reports suggests that SARS-CoV-2 infection could play a role in the development of endocarditis, either directly through active infection or indirectly through a post-infectious immune response. Also, pre-existing conditions and complex medical history predispose to an increased risk of developing a severe, complicated form of endocarditis. Also, the lack of data on the vaccination history and the failure to categorize the infection depending on the type of antibodies (IgM or IgG) in some studies represent a major bias in the reports. The latter make it difficult to evaluate the influence of vaccination and the impact of acute versus chronic infection on the course of cases.

(1) Background: Heart rate variability (HRV) has been investigated in the context of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). This study contributes to the field by assessing short-term HRV during primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) using wearable technology, providing real-time insights into autonomic function. (2) Methods: This single-center, observational cohort study included 104 STEMI patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). HRV parameters (including SDNN, RMSSD, pNN50, HF, SD1, and SD2/SD1 ratio) were measured using a wearable device (Empatica E4 wristband, CE certified). Measurements were taken throughout the entire duration of the primary PCI, as well as specifically during the initial 5 min and the final 5 min of the procedure. The association between HRV parameters and adverse outcomes, including in-hospital mortality and in-hospital major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), were assessed. (3) Results: HRV parameters significantly decreased after myocardial revascularization, particularly SDNN, RMSSD, pNN50, HF, SD1, and SD2/SD1 ratio. Significant associations were found between reduced SD2/SD1 ratio, approximate entropy, and adverse outcomes, including increased in-hospital mortality and in-hospital MACE (respectively, p = 0.007, p = 0.017 and p = 0.006 and p = 0.005). The SD2/SD1 ratio was significantly lower in patients who died during the hospital stay (p = 0.008) compared to survivors. Approximate entropy was also significantly lower in deceased patients (p = 0.019). (4) Conclusions: Real-time HRV monitoring using wearable technology offers valuable data regarding dynamic physiological changes during primary PCI. Further studies are required to validate these preliminary results and to explore their potential implications for clinical practice.

Alexandr Ceasovschih,1,2,* Victorita Sorodoc,1,2 Annabelle Shor,1,* Raluca Ecaterina Haliga,1,2,* Lynn Roth,3 Catalina Lionte,1,2 Viviana Onofrei Aursulesei,4,* Oana Sirbu,1,2,* Nicolae Culis,5 Albina Shapieva,6 Mohammed AR Tahir Khokhar,1 Cristian Statescu,7 Radu A Sascau,7 Adorata Elena Coman,1 Alexandra Stoica,1,2 Elena-Daniela Grigorescu,1 Maciej Banach,8 Costas Thomopoulos,9 Laurentiu Sorodoc1,2 1Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, 700115, Romania; 2 2nd Internal Medicine Department, Sf. Spiridon Clinical Emergency Hospital, Iasi, 700111, Romania; 3Laboratory of Physiopharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, 2610, Belgium; 4Department of Cardiology, Clinical Emergency Hospital “Sfantul Spiridon”, Iasi, 700106, Romania; 5Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Queen’s Medical Center, Nottingham, NG72UH, UK; 6Cardiac Electrophysiology Department, Petrovsky National Research Center of Surgery, Moscow, 119991, Russia; 7Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Diseases Institute “Prof. Dr. George I.M. Georgescu”, Iasi, 700503, Romania; 8Department of Preventive Cardiology and Lipidology, Medical University of Lodz (MUL), Lodz, 93338, Poland; 9Department of Cardiology, Elena Venizelou General Hospital, Athens, GR-11522, Greece*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Victorita Sorodoc, 2nd Internal Medicine Department, Sf. Spiridon Clinical Emergency Hospital, Independentei 1 Street, Iasi, 700111, Romania, Tel +40232 240 822, Email vivisorodoc@yahoo.com Lynn Roth, Laboratory of Physiopharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, 2610, Belgium, Email lynn.roth@uantwerpen.beAbstract: The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic was declared in early 2020 after several unexplained pneumonia cases were first reported in Wuhan, China, and subsequently in other parts of the world. Commonly, the disease comprises several clinical features, including high temperature, dry cough, shortness of breath, and hypoxia, associated with findings of interstitial pneumonia on chest X-ray and computer tomography. Nevertheless, severe forms of acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are not limited to the respiratory tract but also may be extended to other systems, including the cardiovascular system. The bi-directional relationship between atherosclerosis and COVID-19 is accompanied by poor prognosis. The immune response hyperactivation due to SARS-CoV-2 infection causes an increased secretion of cytokines, endothelial dysfunction, and arterial stiffness, which promotes the development of atherosclerosis. Also, due to the COVID-19 pandemic, access to healthcare amenities was reduced, resulting in increased morbidity and mortality in patients at risk. Furthermore, as lockdown measures were largely adopted worldwide, the sedentary lifestyle and the increased consumption of processed nutrients or unhealthy food increased, and in the consequence, we might observe even 70% of overweight and obese population. Altogether, with the relatively low ratio of vaccinated people in many countries, and important health debt appeared, which is now and will be for next decade a large healthcare challenge. However, the experience gained in the COVID-19 pandemic and the new methods of patients’ approaching have helped the medical system to overcome this crisis and will hopefully help in the case of new possible epidemics.Keywords: vascular diseases, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, endothelial dysfunction, atherosclerosis, arterial stiffness, vaccines

The paper proposes a textile device for patients with large area burn wounds consisting of an assembly made up of a knitted backing layer, a hydrogel, with an antibiotic content, as a second layer and a membrane with controlled porosity located directly at the interface with the wound. The knit is the material support with a supporting clothing role, but also as a solution tank. The hydrogel has a keratin structure obtained from human hair with advanced swelling capacity and porosity. The study proposes the use of silver sulfadiazine (SSD), an antibiotic used in the topical therapy of burn wounds. The work optimizes the degree of swelling, evaluates the porosity of the hydrogel and designs the support garment for wound therapy. The optimal parameters to obtain the maximal swelling degree are: duration of hydrolytic reaction 180 min, volume of hydrogen peroxide 3.7 mL and duration of oxidation 90–125 min. Based on these optimal parameters one can obtain swelling degrees higher than 1000%. The device proposed is reusable and supports the SSD diffusion to wound.

The prevalence of multivessel coronary artery disease (CAD) in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients underscores the need for optimal revascularization strategies. The ongoing debate surrounding percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), hybrid interventions, or medical-only management adds complexity to decision-making, particularly in specific angiographic scenarios. The article critically reviews existing literature, providing evidence-based perspectives on non-culprit lesion revascularization in ACS. Emphasis is placed on nuances such as the selection of revascularization methods, optimal timing for interventions, and the importance of achieving completeness in revascularization. The debate between culprit-only revascularization and complete revascularization is explored in detail, focusing on ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI), including patients with cardiogenic shock. Myocardial revascularization guidelines and recent clinical trials support complete revascularization strategies, either during the index primary PCI or within a short timeframe following the culprit lesion PCI (in both STEMI and NSTEMI). The article also addresses the complexities of decision-making in NSTEMI patients with multivessel CAD, advocating for immediate multivessel PCI unless complex coronary lesions require a staged revascularization approach. Finally, the article provided contemporary data on chronic total occlusion revascularization in ACS patients, highlighting the prognostic impact. In conclusion, the article addresses the evolving challenges of managing multivessel CAD in ACS patients, enhancing thoughtful integration into the clinical practice of recent data. We provided evidence-based, individualized approaches to optimize short- and long-term outcomes. The ongoing refinement of clinical and interventional strategies for non-culprit lesion management remains dynamic, necessitating careful consideration of patient characteristics, coronary stenosis complexity, and clinical context.

This paper falls within the current scientific and technical research concerns related to structures made of long fiber composite materials. An essential problem is the co-operation of the matrix material with that of the fibers in the composite layers under the action of external loads, until the structure is damaged. In the present case, the case is taken into account if the material of the matrix is characterized by elongations superior to those of the fibers, so that they will break before the damage of the matrix. The linear-elastic behavior of the fibers is considered until their rupture and, obviously, the destruction of the composite.

In restorative dentistry, in situ replication of intra-oral situations is based on a method of evaluating non-invasive and non-destructive scanning electron microscopy (SEM). SEM is one of the electron microscope technique that produces images of a sample by scanning the surface with a focused beam of electrons. The technique has multiple indicationsand also is suitable for investigating restorative materials, dental hard and soft tissues and their interfaces. Biomaterials are now widespread in general, either for therapeutic purposes or in the supply of missing biological structures. The environment of the oral cavity into which biomaterials are introduced is very complex. It can be variable depending on the salivary pH but also depending on the general pathology and the medication administered to the respective patients. Since its inception and introduction in dental research electron microscopy has a wide range of applications involving dental biomaterials.

Objectives – To provide preliminary data on practice of stress perfusion cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) in a single center in Romania. Methods – We retrospectively reviewed the clinical files and CMR reports of patients who underwent stress perfusion CMR in our institution between January 2018 and December 2020. Results – A total of 1036 patients underwent CMR examinations during this period in our institution. Of these, 120 patients had stress perfusion CMR. The most common indication was the assessment of myocardial ischaemia in patients with established coronary artery disease (CAD) (77 patients, 64.16%), with either a history of myocardial infarction or previous coronary revascularization, or with intermediate lesions on invasive coronary angiography (ICA). The other indications consisted in detection of ischaemia in patients with suspected CAD (36 patients, 30%), characterization of the substrate of ventricular arrhythmia (5 patients, 4.16%) and assessment of the etiology of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) (4 patients, 3.33%). All patients had vasodilator stress with adenosine and an adequate stress response was obtained in 113 patients (94.16%). There were 21 patients (18.58%) with an abnormal stress test and patients with intermediate lesions on ICA had the highest prevalence of positive reports (24.32%). Sixty-three patients had myocardial fibrosis (52.5%): 49 patients (40.83%) had subendocardial (ischaemic) scars, while 14 patients (11.66%) had non-ischaemic scars. There were no serious adverse events related to the procedure. Conclusions – This is the first report in Romania on the use of stress perfusion CMR in clinical practice. We report our experience on stress efficiency, acquisition protocol, artifacts, prevalence of positive tests and safety. Most stress CMRs were requested in patients with established CAD.

Hypereosinophilic syndrome encompasses a heterogenous group of non-hematologic and hematologic disorders defined as peripheral blood eosinophilia >1500/mm3 persisting more than 6 months and eosinophilic end organ complications. Löeffler endocarditis (LE) is the most common cardiac manifestation of the hypereosinophilic syndrome (HES) and represents an acute form of primary restrictive cardiomyopathy. We report the case of a 74 years-old woman with symptoms related to congestive heart failure and weight loss. At admission the patient had tachycardia and a grade 2/6 systolic mitral murmur. Laboratory findings revealed eosinophilia, hepatocytolysis syndrome and dyslipidemia. The electrocardiogram (ECG) showed non-specific ST-segment and T wave abnormalities. The echocardiography revealed left ventricular apical thrombus and entrapment of chordae tendineae with restricted motion of mitral leaflets leading to mitral regurgitation. The diagnosis of myocarditis was confirmed by the cardiac magnetic resonance imaging which showed the presence of a left ventricular mass with low signal on steady-state free precession imaging and diffuse circumferential subendocardial late gadolinium enhancement (LGE). When discussing the etiology of the HES the following were taken into consideration: hematologic, reactive or secondary disorders. This case is distinguished by diagnosis in an elderly woman and good response to corticosteroid therapy.

Patients undergoing ablation for atrial fibrillation may be at increased risk of developing gastroesophageal reflux disease. We prospectively studied the presence of symptomatic gastroesophageal reflux disease in naïve patients who underwent atrial fibrillation ablation. Methods: The presence of typical symptoms suggestive of gastroesophageal reflux disease was clinically assessed by the gastroenterologist at baseline and at 3 months after ablation. In addition to that, all patients underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. Results: Seventy-five patients were included in two groups: 46 patients who underwent atrial fibrillation ablation (study group) and 29 patients without ablation (control group). Patients with atrial fibrillation ablation were younger (57.76 ± 7.66 years versus 67.81 ± 8.52 years; p = 0.001), predominantly male (62.2% versus 33.3%; p = 0.030) and with higher body mass index (28.96 ± 3.12 kg/m2 versus 26.81 ± 5.19 kg/m2; p = 0.046). At three months after the ablation, in the study and control groups, there were 88.9% and 57.1% patients in sinus rhythm, respectively, (p = 0.009). Symptomatic gastroesophageal reflux disease was not more frequent in the study group (42.2% versus 61.9%; p = 0.220). There was no difference in terms of sinus rhythm prevalence in patients with versus without symptomatic gastroesophageal reflux disease (89.5% versus 88.5%; p = 0.709). Conclusion: In this small prospective study, typical symptoms suggestive of gastroesophageal reflux disease were not more frequent three months following atrial fibrillation ablation.

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with increased cardiovascular risk, sedentarism, depression, anxiety and impaired quality of life. The long-term effectiveness of positive airway pressure (PAP) is insufficiently studied and limited by poor patient compliance. The aim of this pilot prospective cohort study was to evaluate long-term adherence in overweight patients with moderate–severe OSA and hypertension and to analyze changes in weight, sleepiness and quality of life. We performed a prospective study that included overweight patients with moderate–severe OSA and hypertension who had not undergone previous PAP therapy. All subjects received a standard physical examination, education regarding lifestyle changes and free PAP therapy for 2 months. After five years, the patients were invited to participate in a telephone-based interview regarding PAP compliance and completed standard questionnaires assessing adherence to medication, physical activity, diet, anxiety and quality of life (QoL). Only 39.58% of the patients were adherent to PAP 5 years (58.42 ± 3.70 months) after being diagnosed with moderate–severe OSA. Long-term PAP use results in sustained weight loss; improved blood pressure control, sleepiness and QOL; and lower anxiety and depression scores. PAP compliance was not associated with a higher level of daily physical activity or a healthier diet.

Background and Objectives: The ponticulus posticus (PP) is a bony bridge that emerges from the posterior aspect of the superior articular process, to connect the posterior arch of the atlas. It is often associated with neurological symptoms. The aim of this study was to obtain an insight into this malformation, and prevalence in the North East region of the Romanian population. Materials and methods: This anatomical variant was analyzed through an observational and retrospective study which was carried out in St. Spiridon Hospital Iasi. The duration of the study was 10 months and, a number of 487 patients who presented neurological symptoms without cranio-cerebral traumatisms were enrolled and a computed tomography (CT) scan was performed. We proposed a new classification of PP in five types. The prevalence of PP was calculated and Skewness test, ANOVA test with Bonferroni correction, and Student’s t-test were used for statistical analysis. Results: Among the sample of 487 patients, PP was found in 170 cases (34.90%) in an age group of 8–90 years (mean age = 59.52 years, SD ± 19.94 years). Type I was found in 11.29%, followed by Type II—8.21%, Type III—5.13%, Type IV—5.54%, and Type V—4.72% (p = 0.347). It was 19.5%, mirroring the incomplete type, whereas the complete type was reported in 15.40% of cases (p = 0.347), the highest prevalence, namely 41.17% was found in the “41 to 60 years” age group, followed by 36.95% in the “21 to 40 years” group (p = 0.00148). The mean age was higher in patients with PP Type III (61.16 years, SD ± 19.98), while patients with PP Type V recorded the lowest mean age (56.48 years, SD ± 22.13). The differences between the comparative average ages on types were not statistically significant (p = 0.411). The gender and age were not good predictors of PP Type V (AUC < 0.600). Conclusion: according to our study, incomplete types of PP were found to be more prevalent as compared to complete types. No difference between males and females was detected. PP is more frequent in adults and young adults than in the elderly population. It is confirmed that gender and age were not good predictors of the bilateral complete type of PP.

Introduction: The triangular recess (TR), also called triangular fossa or vulva cerebri, represents the anterior extension of the diencephalic ventricle, located between the anterior columns of the fornix and the anterior white commissure. Over time, this structure of the third cerebral ventricle generated many disputes. While some anatomists support its presence, others have opposite opinions, considering that it only becomes visible under certain conditions. The aim of the study is to demonstrate the tangible structure of the triangular recess. Secondly, the quantitative analysis allowed us to establish an anatomical morphometric standard, as well as the deviations from the standard. Materials and methods: Our study is both a quantitative and a qualitative evaluation of the triangular fossa. We dissected 100 non-neurological adult brains, which were fixed in 10% formaldehyde solution for 10 weeks. The samples are part of the collection of the Institute of Anatomy, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi. We highlighted the triangular fossa by performing dissections in two stages at the level of the roof of the III ventricle. Results: The qualitative analysis is a re-evaluation of the classical data concerning the anatomy of the fossa triangularis. We proposed an original 3D model of the triangular recess in which we described a superficial part called vestibule and a deep part called pars profunda. We measured the sides of the communication between the two proposed segments, as well as the communication with the III ventricle. By applying the Heron's formula, we calculated the area of the two communications. Statistical evaluations have shown that these communications are higher than they are wide. In addition, there is a statistical difference between the surfaces of the two communications: 34.07 mm² ± 7.01 vs. 271.43 mm² ± 46.36 (p = 0.001). Conclusion: The outcome of our study is both qualitative and quantitative. Firstly, we demonstrated the existence of the triangular fossa and we conceived a spatial division of this structure. Secondly, the measurements carried out establish an anatomo-morphometric norm of the triangular recess, which is useful in assessing the degree of hydrocephalus during the third endoscopic ventriculoscopy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Infective endocarditis is a rare disease in children. The etiology is mainly bacterial. However, viral infective endocarditis, possibly related to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has also been reported. The pathophysiological principle of the connection between the two entities seems to be attributed to the transient immune deficiency of the body during the infection. Additionally, SARS-CoV-2 is reported in the literature as a direct cardiopathic virus. Therefore, the new coronavirus seems to have the ability to affect both the intact cardiac tissue and the previously damaged one both during the acute episode and at a distance from it. Consequently, we propose to review the main pathophysiological aspects of pediatric cardiac damage caused by SARS-CoV-2. The ultimate goal is to deepen existing knowledge, broaden the horizon of understanding and analysis regarding the systemic damage induced by viral infections, and strengthen an information base from which to start a meta-analysis. Next, we performed a non-systematized screening of the specialized literature with reference to cases of endocarditis in the pediatric population, reported in the period 2020-2023. From the total of articles found, we chose to include in the review a number of 6 case reports, including a number of 7 patients (5 children and 2 adolescents). Analysis of reports suggests that SARS-CoV-2 infection could play a role in the development of endocarditis, either directly through active infection or indirectly through a post-infectious immune response. Also, pre-existing conditions and complex medical history predispose to an increased risk of developing a severe, complicated form of endocarditis. Also, the lack of data on the vaccination history and the failure to categorize the infection depending on the type of antibodies (IgM or IgG) in some studies represent a major bias in the reports. The latter make it difficult to evaluate the influence of vaccination and the impact of acute versus chronic infection on the course of cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Taste disorders affect the quality of life of a large proportion of patients thus, proper oral examination and identification of the local factors can prevent further complications and can lead to a suitable treatment. The availability of testing for the integrity of taste remains limited. Dentists are often the first clinicians to be presented with complaints about changes in taste so they have to be able to evaluate the type of taste dysfunction and to establish if it has a local cause or it is a symptom of a systemic disease. This review provides a summary of the common causes of taste disorders, problems associated with assessing taste function in a clinical context and the management options available to the dental practitioner. The success of treatment for gustatory dysfunction depends upon the etiology and must be combined with smell disorder. The specific treatment for a diagnosed gustatory dysfunction is reduced, so very often the most important aspect of treatment is teaching the patient to coexist with the disorder.

In the paper are presented some experimental results for strain gauges measurements completed around some lifting buttons welded on a horizontal cylinder

Neuropsychiatric diseases have a rising incidence and cause a significantly higher risk of morbidity and premature mortality in the general population. Also, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are characterized by the highest prevalence in the population and are a major cause of early morbidity, especially through the occurrence of coronary ischemic events. Recently, it has been demonstrated the involvement of neuropsychiatric diseases in the aetiology of CVDs. On the one hand, the treatment of these diseases can improve the prognosis of CVD, but on the other hand iatrogenesis may play a very important role in their determinism. Administrating neuropsychiatric medication (NPM) can be very challenging for patients with CVD because of their cardiovascular side effects (CVSEs). NPM and CVDs have a double edged-sword relationship. The purpose of this review is to present the link between the treatment with antidepressants and antipsychotics and the cardiovascular system, and to summarize the current information of the various CVSEs of NPM.

Background: The aberrant origin of the right subclavian artery (ARSA), also known as the lusoria artery, is a congenital malformation with an incidence of 0.5–4.4%. Most cases are incidental due to minimal clinical manifestations. Computer tomography (CT) is important in diagnosing and evaluating these patients. Materials and Methods: We conduct a computerized search in two databases, PubMed and EMBASE, for articles published between 1 January 2022 and 31 December 2023, PROSPERO code: CRD42024511791. Eligible for inclusion were case reports and case series that presented the aberrant origin of the right subclavian artery. The main outcome was the highlighting of the morphological types of ARSA. In this context, we proposed a new classification system of this anomaly. The secondary outcome was the evaluation of the demographic distribution of the lusoria artery. Results: Our search identified 47 articles describing 51 patients with ARSA. The typical course for ARSA is retroesophageal, being registered in 49 out of 51 patients. This malformation is frequently associated with Kommerell diverticulum (15 out of 51), troncus bicaroticus (7 out of 51), and aberrant origins of the right vertebral artery (7 out of 51). We observed a higher incidence of the condition among women (32 out of 51) compared to men (19 out of 51). From a demographic point of view, ARSA is more frequent in the "44 to 57 years" and "58 to 71 years" age ranges. Conclusions: ARSA is a congenital malformation resulting from a defect in the development of the aortic arches. The imaging studies such as computer tomography play a defined diagnostic role. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses the abnormal pneumatization of the middle nasal turbinate, known as concha bullosa, which can cause changes in airflow and congestion of the nasal mucosa. The article provides an overview of concha bullosa, including its classification, diagnosis, and management. The etiology of concha bullosa is still debated, with some attributing it to congenital defects and others suggesting traumatic factors. Diagnosis is typically done through clinical examination and imaging tests, and treatment options include medication and surgery. The article is a valuable resource for researchers and clinicians interested in this topic. Additionally, the document provides a list of research articles related to otolaryngology and head and neck surgery, covering topics such as chronic nasal obstruction, paranasal sinus osteomas, and the treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis. These articles aim to contribute to the understanding and improvement of diagnosis and treatment in this field. [Extracted from the article]

In this study was analyzed zones affected by drought using Vegetation Condition Index (VCI), that is based on Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). This fact, drought, is one of the most wide -spread and least understood natural phenomena. In this paper was used remote sensing (RS) data, kindly provided by The European Space Agency (ESA), namely Sentinel-2 (S-2) Multispectral Instrument (MSI) and well konwn images Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager (OLI). The RS images was processed in SNAP and ArcMap. Study Area, was considered the eastern of Iasi county. The main purpose of paper was to investigating if Sentinel images can be used for VCI analysis.

Dietary salt intake is a long-debated issue. Increased sodium intake is associated with high blood pressure, leading to salt-sensitive hypertension. Excessive salt intake leads to arterial stiffness in susceptible individuals via impaired nitric oxide action and increased endothelin-1 expression, overactivity of the renal sympathetic nervous system and also via aldosterone-independent activation of the mineralocorticoid receptor. Salt restriction in such individuals reduces blood pressure (BP) values. The optimal level of salt restriction that leads to improved cardiovascular outcomes is still under debate. Current BP and dietary guidelines recommend low sodium intake for the general population. However, a specific category of patients does not develop arterial hypertension in response to sodium loading. In addition, recent research demonstrates the deleterious effects of aggressive sodium restriction, even in heart failure patients. This mini review discusses current literature data regarding the advantages and disadvantages of salt restriction and how it impacts the overall health status.

Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common form of cutaneous neoplasia in humans, and dermoscopy may provide valuable information for histopathological classification of BCC, which allows for the choice of non-invasive topical or surgical therapy. Similarly, dermoscopy may allow for the identification of incipient forms of BCC that cannot be detected in clinical examination. The importance of early diagnosis using the dermoscopy of superficial BCC forms is proven by the fact that despite their indolent clinical appearance, they can be included in high-risk BCC forms due to the rate of postoperative recurrence. Nodular pigmentary forms of BCCs present ovoid gray-blue nests or multiple gray-blue dots/globules associated with arborized vessels, sometimes undetectable on clinical examination. The management of BCC depends on this, as pigmentary forms have been shown to have a poor response to photodynamic therapy. High frequency ultrasound examination (HFUS) aids in the diagnosis of BCC with hypoechoic tumour masses, as well as in estimating tumour size (thickness and diameter), presurgical margin delineation, and surgical planning. The examination is also useful for determining the invasion of adjacent structures and for studying local recurrences. The use of dermoscopy in combination with HFUS allows for optimisation of the management of the oncological patient.

The full safety of operating industrial mechanical equipment, in particular the over-sized ones, with a complex structure, is ensured by compliance with all necessary requirements, starting with design, fabrication, transportation from the supplier to the recipient and operation within the working parameters. The present article that is continuing the analysis of transportation stages of over-sized and heavy equipment, as can be seen from the attached bibliography, takes into consideration the evaluation of the towing forces, in the case of two distant platforms. The masses of the transported components, the characteristics of the roadways, as well as the character of the movement and the influence of the wind loads are considered.

The main goal of this paper is to detect snow in areas where was detecting and mapping, using Differential Radar Interferometry (DInSAR) technique, ground displacement. DInSAR is a powerful tool to detect and monitor ground deformation. Iaşi county is considered as study area in this research. Study area is geographically situated on latitude 46°48’N to 47°35’N and longitude 26°29’E to 28°07’E. For this paper, to detect and mapping grond displacement, was used Sentinel – 1 images, provided free by The European Space Agency (ESA), for January 2018, with vertical polarization (VV), ascending orbit and Interferometric Wide swath (IW) mode operated. SNAP was used to process the Sentinel – 1 images. Landsat-8 OLI was taken to detect areas cover with snow using Normalized Difference Snow Index (NDSI) - a numerical indicator that shows snow cover over land areas. ArcMap was used to create NDSI map after Landsat-8 data was preprocessed. The presence of snow has been observed both in the areas where it exists vertical displacement positive and negative.

A tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF) is a communication between the trachea and esophagus that is acquired or congenital. Congenital TEF, without other conditions like esophageal atresia, is usually diagnosed after birth or during infancy, as the baby will develop respiratory symptomatology, mostly severe, due to fluid/food aspiration in the trachea. In adults, TEFs can be caused by malignant conditions, blunt trauma, iatrogenic injury, prolonged mechanical ventilation and excessive inflation pressure of the endotracheal tube. We report a male patient of 86 years of age who presented at the "St. Spiridon" Emergency County Hospital in January 2022, accusing breathing difficulty, productive cough and occasional stabbing pain in the posterior thorax, within the previous week. Clinical exam was typical for pneumonia, but since the patient mentioned coughing episodes during eating/drinking since December 2021, together with a history of general anesthesia for abdominal surgery in mid-November 2021, a CT scan was performed. It confirmed a TEF of 7/16 mm (transverse/cranio-caudal) in size, located at the level of T2 vertebral body. The particularity of the case resides in the uncertain etiology of the fistula. If this patient had a clear iatrogenic injury, aspiration pneumonia should have occurred within days after the intubation event. However, after the surgery the patient was fine and discharged home without any symptomatology relevant for TEF. Only after one month, he started experiencing coughing during eating, that leads us to the assumption that he might have been born with a very small and asymptomatic tracheoesophageal defect, and the intubation for general anesthesia, even if done in a correct manner, represented a trigger event which led to development of a TEF. There are very few cases reported in literature with adult patients presenting a minor structural defect that remained unnoticed for a very long time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The given document is a compilation of articles and studies covering various topics related to oral health, pregnancy, orthodontics, and other dental subjects. The articles discuss subjects such as the impact of periodontal disease on pregnancy outcomes, oral hygiene practices of pregnant women, the use of adhesive systems in orthodontic treatment, and the effects of composite resin on enamel after debonding. Other topics include the prevention of SARS-CoV-2 cases in healthcare settings, the use of dental lasers in restorative dentistry, and the relationship between glycemic control and cardiovascular risk in non-diabetic individuals. The document also includes studies on the effects of medications and therapeutic decisions in dental treatment during pregnancy. [Extracted from the article]

Background and Aim: Melanoma is the most serious form of skin cancer causing most of the skin cancer-related deaths. The incidence of melanoma has risen so dramatically over past few years that no other solid or blood malignancy comes close to it in terms of increased incidence. The main issue is low treatment response in conventional therapies. The aim is a low total body impact with high melanoma cells targeted treatment. Materials and Methods: nanotechnology has become instrumental with its far-reaching ramifications both in diagnosis and treatment of melanoma. Nanomaterials tailored as delivery vehicles can be nanocapsules, nanorods, nanotubes, nanoshells, and nanocages. All these structures protect the intended drug against degradation and enhance its stability. The development and characterization of polymeric nanoparticles, polymeric micelles, liposomes, nanohydrogel, dendrimers, inorganic nanoparticles, and hybrid nanocarriers are among the delivery vehicles that transport different anticancer agents. Functionalization of nanocarriers with specific molecules, such as antibodies, can generate different smart nanodrugs for application in cancer therapy and/or diagnosis. Nanotherapeutic strategies deal with several shortcomings that comprise of tumor characteristics, biological barriers, biocompatibility, and so on. We studied the available technologies on the European medical market which are appliable on specific cases of nodular melanoma during 2019-2021 in our Plastic Surgery unit on 18 cases of nodular melanoma stage I to IIIrd. Results: Development of upgraded therapeutic modalities for melanoma facilitating early diagnosis with subsequent excision before metastasis is, therefore, an urgent need. The basic results is that all patients had a proper treatment, some of them experimental one with nanotechnology and the main result is that side effects were significantly smaller in time and manifestation, the disease stopped the progress and overall satisfaction was bigger in comparison with conventional chemotherapy. Conclusion: Nanotechnology could be the future in targetted treatments in nodular melanoma.

This study compares the normalized difference built-up index (NDBI) and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) as indicators of surface urban heat island effects in Landsat-8 OLI imagery by investigating the relationships between the land surface temperature (LST), NDBI and NDVI. The urban heat island (UHI) represents the phenomenon of higher atmospheric and surface temperatures occurring in urban area or metropolitan area than in the surrounding rural areas due to urbanization. With the development of remote sensing technology, it has become an important approach to urban heat island research. Landsat data were used to estimate the LST, NDBI and NDVI from four seasons for Iasi municipality area. This paper indicates than there is a strong linear relationship between LST and NDBI, whereas the relationship between LST and NDVI varies by season. This paper suggests, NDBI is an accurate indicator of surface UHI effects and can be used as a complementary metric to the traditionally applied NDVI.