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For more than two decades, proving or refuting the following statement has remained a challenging open problem in the theory of secret sharing schemes (SSSs): every ideal access structure admits an ideal perfect multi-linear SSS. The class of group-characterizable (GC) SSSs include the multi-linear ones. Hence, if the above statement is true, then so is the following weaker statement: every ideal access structure admits an ideal perfect GC SSS. One contribution of this paper is to show that ideal SSSs are not necessarily GC. Our second contribution is to study the above two statements with respect to several variations of weakly-ideal access structures. Recently, Mejia and Montoya studied ideal access structures that admit ideal multi-linear schemes and provided a classification-like theorem for them. We additionally present some tools that are useful to extend their result.

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common lymphoma subtype, accounting for 30-40% of lymphoma diagnoses. Though aggressive, cure is achievable in approximately 60% of cases with primary chemo-immunotherapy, and in a further substantial minority by salvage therapy and autologous stem cell transplantation. Despite promising activity in early phase clinical trials, no intensified or novel treatment regimen has improved outcomes over R-CHOP21 in randomised studies. However, there remain several areas of controversy including the most appropriate prognostic markers, CNS prophylaxis and the optimal treatment for patients with high-risk disease. This position statement presents an evidence-based synthesis of the literature for application in Australasian practice. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

The purpose of this paper is to address the question of connectives from a contrastive point of view. By connectives I understand a particular class of linguistic elements, viz. adverbs and conjunctions that function as linkers between clauses, sentences or larger text fragments. The languages to be dealt with are French and Dutch. The present research grew from the following empirical observation: Dutch speaking students of French encounter very serious difficulties in correctly handling French connectives.2 Given that connectives also exist in their native language, the obvious question to raise is why this is so: why do those students have so much trouble to use poLrtant, toul de mAme, alors, etc. in an appropriate way ? The equivalence problem, which is a central issue in contrastive linguistics, appears to be particularly serious in the domain of connectives. Furthermore, when we deal with syntactic and semantic problems of French, we can usually refer to some rule system, to a chapter of the grammar or to a dictionary. When we deal with connectives, however, we are often left with a statement such as "this is not quite the way a French native speaker would say it". This amounts to saying that connectives are not only badly used by students, but that they are also often poorly taught by teachers. In order to gain insight into this problem, and eventually to solve it, I would like to explore fwo hypotheses, the second being probably a little more controversial I hope refreshingly controversial than the first. The first idea I will provide evidence for, is that adequate use of connectives is intrinsically a difficult matter, even for native speakers. This may be so because connectives involve a variety of processes, both cognitive skills and linguistic competence. To the former belong abilities such as deductive capacity, logical reasoning, concentration, etc. The latter in turn involves both grammatical and pragmatic competence, two components of language which are not

The paper looks at the development of the secular stagnation thesis, in the context of the economic history of the time. It explores some 19th century antecedents of the thesis, before turning to its interwar development. Not only Alvin Hansen, but Keynes and Hicks were involved in the conversations that led to Hansen's eventual statement of the thesis that we are familiar with. The argument made sense in the context of the interwar period, but more so in Britain than the US.

Background The use of ACS-NSQIP has increased in pancreatic surgery (PS) research. The aim of this study is to critically appraise the methodological reporting of PS publications utilizing the ACS-NSQIP database. Study design PubMed was queried for all PS studies employing the ACS-NSQIP database published between 2004 and 2021. Critical appraisal was performed using the JAMA-Surgery Checklist, STROBE Statement, and RECORD Statement. Results A total of 86 studies were included. Median scores for number of fulfilled criteria for the JAMA-Surgery Checklist, STROBE Statement, and RECORD Statement were 6, 20, and 6 respectively. The most commonly unfulfilled criteria were those relating to discussion of missed data, compliance with IRB, unadjusted and adjusted outcomes, providing supplementary/raw information, and performing subgroup analyses. Conclusion An overall satisfactory reporting of methodology is present among PS studies utilizing the ACS-NSQIP database. Areas for improved adherence include discussing missed data, providing supplementary information, and performing subgroup analysis. Due to the increasing role of large-scale databases, enhanced adherence to reporting guidelines may advance PS research.

The recent study analyzed the interpersonal meaning of "mangupa" process to obtain the interpretation of language in its function as an exchange of experience. And the interpersonal meaning of the utterances uttered by Dalihan na tolu of Mora, Kahanggi, and Anak boru, show the form of each position and the meaning. This study is qualitative research, which naturally observed the data and analyzed it based on the interpersonal analysis. This research found that the text in mangupa is dominantly realized in statement form. Statements come from giving, information from the source/speaker. And the second is offering; the offer was realized from giving, goods/services from source/ speaker. Mora, kahanggi and anakboru were giving statement in mangupa process of Angkola's wedding ceremony. In addition, these three participants demonstrate their role while Kahanggi as the moderator of the ceremony, anakboru as the helper who takes responsibility for preparing the things needed at every stage of the ceremony, while mora has the authority to provide guidance, suggestion, permission, and rejection at the ceremony.

Introduction:Our goal was to assess temporal changes in the race-specific rates of prostate specific antigen (PSA) screening, prostate biopsy, overall prostate cancer detection, and metasta...

Let $\kappa$ be an uncountable cardinal with $\kappa=\kappa^{{\kappa^+$'' implies the statement "every closed subset of ${}^\kappa\kappa$ is a continuous image of ${}^\kappa(\kappa^+)$'' or its negation., Comment: 30 pages

Football clubs are ostensibly uncomplicated organizations: they exist to facilitate participation in organized football. Beyond this plain statement, however, there is a rather more complex and contested debate about the objectives and purpose of football clubs. For example, what is meant by participation? Is taking part in football sufficient or does that participation require to be successful? If so, how do we define success? League championships? Domestic cup competitions? European competitions? Does a football club have a responsibility beyond its own members or supporters, perhaps to other clubs or to their local communities. At a broader level what do we mean by a‘club’?

Nowadays, hundreds of thousands of people have been trying to migrate to another country including the EU member states, and live a stable life without security concerns. However, the EU has increasingly reduced their opportunity and ability to seek international protection via strict policies. Securitization of migration results in a decrease in the number of asylum applications. The EU has been politically realistic considering its own interests in implementing measures to combat irregular migration with regard to the reduction of asylum applications. In this context, the EU Commission suggested that Turkey and the Western Balkan countries should be adopted as a “safe country of origin” in September 2015. In fact, this move aimed at reducing the number of applications, many of which had already been rejected. Although the persons who were subject to the EU-Turkey Joint Statement dated March 18, 2016, used to flee from the conflict zones in the different corners of the World, the EU treated them like irregular migrants and sent them back to Turkey. The Statement, which is the basis for the return of these persons, presents itself with various difficulties in terms of procedure and implementation.

Sembahyang menjadi salah satu diskurus yang dimunculkan di dalam novel Pengakuan Eks Parasit Lajang (PEPL) karya Ayu Utami. Berbagai diksi sembahyang dan padanannya muncul beberapa kali di dalam PEPL. Perlu kajian yang mendalam untuk melihat narasi atau diskursus yang dimunculkan dari kehadiran diksi-diksi tersebut. Pernyataan masalah dalam pernelitian ini berada pada kemungkinan-kemungkinan diskursus yang muncul dari kehadiran diksi sembahyang dan padanannya. Metode yang digunakan adalah kualitatif-deskriptif dengan teori interpretasi Paul Ricouer. Temuan yang dihasilkan terdapat tiga bentuk diskursus yang dimunculkan dalam PEPL. Pertama, menghadirkan nilai-nilai lokalitas dalam beragama; kedua, menunjukkan adanya kekonsistenan pada sakralitas sembahyang; dan ketiga sembahyang diletakkan sebagai objek artifisal.

Background There are significant deficiencies in the evidence base of modern-day osteotomy which result in significant variation in practice between surgeons. The purpose of this statement was to develop a consensus statement on the practice of osteotomy so that a more standardized approach to the indications, surgical technique, and postoperative care could be outlined. The article is also intended to educate and inform the practice of individuals who are early in their experience and/or clinical practice. Method A group of 29 specialist knee surgeons who regularly perform osteotomy was convened to form the Knee Osteotomy consensus Group (KOG). Consensus was determined utilizing the consensus group technique described by List. A total of 37 questions were asked covering all aspects of clinical practice. Results 20 statements were generated and debated until a criterion level of 70% was met. Conclusions Consensus was achieved regarding 20 statements concerning Indications for surgery, decision making, surgical planning, technique, post-operative assessment and recovery.

Alzheimer’s disease is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Currently, there are no disease-modifying pharmacotherapies for this condition. Aducanumab, an amyloid beta-directed monoclonal antibody that targets aggregated forms of amyloid-beta in the brains of people with Alzheimer’s disease, has raised hopes that such a therapy has been discovered, but its approval by the US Food and Drug Administration has engendered a good deal of controversy. A similar application for approval has been submitted to Health Canada. In response to this, a group of Canadian clinical dementia experts representing a number of organizations, including the Canadian Geriatrics Society, was convened by the Canadian Consortium on Neurodegeneration in Aging (CCNA) to discuss the evidence currently available on this agent and seek consensus on what advice they would offer Health Canada on the application. There was wide-spread agreement that it would be premature for aducanumab to receive approval for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. It was also noted that the Canadian health-care system is poorly prepared at this time to deal with a disease-modifying therapeutic with targeting, administration, and monitoring characteristics like aducanumab. In this paper, the consensus reached is presented along with its underlying rationale.

Perioperative medication management is integral to preoperative optimization but remains challenging because of a paucity of literature guidance. Published recommendations are based on the expert opinion of a small number of authors without collaboration from multiple specialties. The Society for Perioperative Assessment and Quality Improvement (SPAQI) recognized the need for consensus recommendations in this area as well as the unique opportunity for its multidisciplinary membership to fill this void. In a series of articles within this journal, SPAQI provides preoperative medication management guidance based on available literature and expert multidisciplinary consensus. The aim of this consensus statement is to provide practical guidance on the preoperative management of gastrointestinal and pulmonary medications. A panel of experts with anesthesiology, perioperative medicine, hospital medicine, general internal medicine, and medical specialty experience was drawn together and identified the common medications in each of these categories. The authors then used a modified Delphi approach to review the literature and to generate consensus recommendations.

The COVID-19 global pandemic has broad implications for obstetrical care and perinatal outcomes. As we approach the 2-year mark into an unprecedented international pandemic, this review presents the progress and opportunities for research related to COVID-19 and pregnancy. Research is the basis for evidence-based clinical guidelines, and we aim to provide the structure and guidance for framing COVID-19-related obstetrical research. This structure will pertain not only to this pandemic but future ones as well.

A simple geometric assertion of Ramsey type, concerning families of straight lines in the Euclidean space R 3 \mathbb{R}^{3} , is formulated, and it is shown that the assertion turns out to be undecidable within the framework of ZFC set theory.

Objectives To provide a consensus statement describing best practices and evidence regarding head and neck cancer survivorship. Methods Key topics regarding head and neck cancer survivorship were identified by the multidisciplinary membership of the American Head and Neck Society Survivorship, Supportive Care & Rehabilitation Service. Guidelines were generated by combining expert opinion and a review of the literature and categorized by level of evidence. Results Several areas regarding survivorship including dysphonia, dysphagia, fatigue, chronic pain, intimacy, the ability to return to work, financial toxicity, lymphedema, psycho‐oncology, physical activity, and substance abuse were identified and discussed. Additionally, the group identified and described the role of key clinicians in survivorship including surgical, medical and radiation oncologists; dentists; primary care physicians; psychotherapists; as well as physical, occupational, speech, and respiratory therapists. Conclusion Head and neck cancer survivorship is complex and requires a multidisciplinary approach centered around patients and their caregivers. As survival related to head and neck cancer treatment improves, addressing post‐treatment concerns appropriately is critically important to our patient's quality of life. There continues to be a need to define effective and efficient programs that can coordinate this multidisciplinary effort toward survivorship.

This study follows 4715 Family Harm cases for which charges are laid (from around 15,000 events from 2018–2020). Comparisons are made between cases where a digitally recorded victim video statement (VVS) is taken to those who (1) make a written statement, (2) refuse to make any statement and (3) present at the public counter and make a written statement. Findings indicate that VVS increases the rates of an early guilty plea by 95% (OR = 1.95, LCL = 1.34, UCL = 2.7) compared to those who decline a VVS and have a written statement. No difference is observed for those presenting to report an event at a public counter. A more modest effect is observed comparing those who refuse a statement altogether (OR = 1.28, LCL = 1.03, UCL = 1.60). A VVS is nearly twice as likely to lead to an early guilty plea. It is reasoned that there is a poor rate of guilty pleas for written statements, rather than an elevation in rates for VVS. Age and gender are unrelated to the elevated rate of pleading guilty to a VVS. Event seriousness is inversely related to pleading guilty, whereas having many prior convictions or being remanded increases the likelihood of the guilty plea.

Dealers and collectors of Latin American antiquities are, by definition, white collar actors. It would be a logical next step to say that people in those groups who knowingly engage with the illicit trade are white collar criminals who are unlikely to self-define as such and are equally unlikely to see their actions as crimes. This leaves us with more questions than answers. The question of how these white collar actors justify their actions and classify themselves as non-criminals is covered elsewhere (Mackenzie 2006, 2014; Mackenzie and Yates 2016a). For the remainder of this essay, I am going to consider not how they do this, but one possible reason why. Moving away from classic ideas of white collar crime as being financially motivated, I want to consider the development of human/object relationships as a motivating factor for engagement in the illicit market for Latin American antiquities, and indeed in the grey market (Mackenzie and Yates 2016b) for antiquities more generally.

We give a noncommutative geometric description of the internal Hom dg-category in the homotopy category of dg-categories between two noncommutative projective schemes in the style of Artin-Zhang. As an immediate application, we give a noncommutative projective derived Morita statement along lines of Rickard and Orlov.

Vaiśesikas are realist philosophers of classical India. They admit time (kāla) as a ubiquitous real substance. In this paper, our aim is to discuss such a determination of time following sixth century Vaiśesika scholar Praśastapāda and a few of his interpreters, Vyomaśivācārya and Udayanācārya. This paper is an effort to state realist philosophers’ understanding of time and also to highlight how in classical Indian tradition, interpretations paved the way for proving the reality of time. The application of logical methods by the Vaiśesika interpreters is also worth studying. These methods show the internal development occurring in the system of Vaiśesika. Praśastapāda stated different notions like priority etc. (paratvādi) as the linga or hetu of kāla. Vyomaśiva and Udayana have established this statement of Praśastapāda as the laksaņa of kāla by virtue of different forms of inference.

It is only in the Bible whereby precise details in regards to humanity's origin from the conservative Christian point of view, are recorded. The Bible clearly states that in God's image, man was made (Gen 1:27). This statement reflects the belief that the essence of human beings was created in the likeness of God, and demonstrated that man did not merely turn out to be in God's image but was carefully crafted to be so. However, despite the exalted position of man among creatures, theologians still have questions and debates about the image of God is, and what does it consists of. Many scholars have wrestled with the precise sense of the image of God from the time of the Early Church until the Medieval Era. This research uses qualitative method, whereby the early works of the fathers of the medieval church are analyzed. The research is carried out on a descriptive basis. It is the aim of this research to offer a structural and systematic understanding of the image of God, based on the perception of the early church and medieval church fathers. As a result, a conclusion is formed.

In the second part of the Society of Cardiovascular Anesthesiologists Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO) working group expert consensus statement, venoarterial (VA) and venovenous (VV) ECMO management and troubleshooting in the operating room are discussed. Expert consensus statements are provided about intraoperative monitoring, anesthetic drug dosing, and management of intraoperative problems in VA and VV ECMO patients.

В статье рассматриваются каменные могильники второй половины I - начала II тысячелетия, расположенные к востоку от Псковско-Чудского озера в зоне интенсивных культурных контактов между территориями российского Северо-Запада и Эстонии. Выделяется две группы памятников: на западной окраине Ижорского плато и в Псковско-Изборском регионе. Могильники Ижорского плато, аналогично каменным могильникам Северо-Восточной Эстонии, представляют собой так называемые могильники с оградками (таранды), сооруженные в римское время и использовавшиеся для захоронений в середине - третьей четверти I тысячелетия. Могильники Псковско-Изборского региона датируются эпохой викингов (за исключением могильника Выбуты) и представляют собой отдельное культурное явление. Каменные могильники обеих групп часто топографически связаны с позднейшими курганно-жальничными могильниками, в которых встречены аналогичные каменным могильникам кладки. Stone burials of second half of 1st - the beginning of 2nd millenium, located to the east from Lake Peipsi (Pskov-Chudskoe) in the zone of intensive cultural contacts between territories of the Russian North-West and Estonia are considered. Two groups of monuments are distinguished: on the western outskirts of Izhora Plateau and in Pskov-Izborsk region. Graves of Izhora plateau, similarly to stone burials of NorthEastern Estonia, are so called fenced burials (tarands), built in Roman time and used for burials in middle - third quarter of the 1st millennium. Graves of Pskov-Izborsk region date from the Viking Age (with the exception of Vybuty burial ground) and represent a separate cultural phenomenon. Stone burial grounds of both groups are often topographically connected with later barrow-zhalnik cemeteries, in which fences similar to stone burial grounds are found.

Purpose In a series of publications, Dahl and Krogstad promoted an orthodontic technique for the treatment of severe wear of the anterior teeth that reportedly could induce intrusion of the anteriors and extrusion of the posterior teeth to allow space to restore the worn anterior teeth. The purpose of this Best Evidence Consensus Statement was to evaluate the existing dental literature related to the Dahl Concept. Methods A PubMed search limited to clinical studies, clinical trials, randomized controlled trials, systematic reviews, meta analyses, and journal articles, using the key words Orthodontics, Dahl appliance, Dahl concept and adult, revealed 11 citations, 9 of which were related. An additional 9 citations were culled from the reference lists in the aforementioned articles. Results The 20 articles that met the initial search criteria were evaluated and rated. The literature largely focused on the restorative materials that are commonly used to apply the Dahl technique. Conclusions While there is low-level evidence from a few case series that demonstrated the ability to achieve enough space in the anterior region for the restoration of lost anterior tooth structure, there is no compelling evidence to support any theories as to how that space was achieved. In addition, there is no evidence to support the long-term stability of that position and the restorations. Negative position and restorative outcomes have been reported.

Artikel ini mendiskusikan teks-teks perang dalam Kitab Suci Ibrani yang digunakan untuk keabsahan perang dalam bentuk aktual. Keprihatinan ini dibahas secara khusus dengan merujuk kepada teks-teks yang menarasikan perang dalam Kitab Suci Ibrani (Keluaran 14: 13-14, 15: 3) yang dimanfaatkan demi kepentingan peperangan dan mengatasnamakan Allah. Penggunaan teks Kitab Suci dan keterlibatan Allah dalam perang menggeser paradigma perang, dari sekadar perang menjadi perang suci. Artikel ini berfokus pada diskursus perang dalam Kitab Suci Ibrani, lalu menarik sejumlah kesimpulan yang mampu membantu pembaca memahami polemik keterhubungan Kitab Suci Ibrani dan perang. Artikel ini ditutup dengan pernyataan bahwa teks perang dalam Kitab Suci Ibrani berkapasitas untuk mendekonstruksi paradigma perang sekaligus mampu mendorong pembaca untuk mengedepankan pembebasan dan kemerdekaan.

Liberal theology was a characteristic that stood out in Bultmann's day. Several questions arise: Who is Rudolf Karl Bultmann? How did Bultmann and his thinking demotologi? What are Bultmann's works? How Demithologization and Its Impact on 21st Century Era Christianity? The solution is: (1) Bultman is a New Testament figure based on his form criticism. (2) The demotology says that the entire New Testament is a myth. Especially the stories about the Lord Jesus. He argued that the experiences of the Lord Jesus' ministry, his miracles, death, and resurrection, were stories fabricated by the early church. Biblical evangelicals believe in the invalidity of the Bible and all supernatural events that are recorded in the Bible, both the Old Testament, as well as the events of the preaching of the Word carried out by the Lord Jesus Christ and the Rulers, accompanied by a statement of power, is a truth that also makes sense. Christian faith, cannot accept unreasonable things.Bultmann'sdemitologization should not be taken as a theology, but as a discourse of seeking the truth with no clear origin, a thought for those who do not know God, namely vain thoughts, dark understanding.

Systematic reviews should be reported completely and accurately so that users can interpret and appraise the review findings appropriately. In this commentary, we describe key features of a major update of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses statement - PRISMA 2020 - and discuss its implications for research synthesis methodologists. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Objectives Pressurized intraperitoneal aerosol chemotherapy (PIPAC) is a promising treatment for peritoneal cancer that entails, however, potential risks for the caregivers in the operating room (OR). This study aimed to reach a consensus within the PIPAC community on a comprehensive safety protocol. Methods Active PIPAC centers were invited to participate in a two-round Delphi process on 43 predefined items: concise summaries of the existing evidence were presented together with questions formulated using the population, intervention, comparator, and outcome framework. According to the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation, the strength of recommendation was voted by panelists, accepting a consensus threshold of ≥50% of the agreement for any of the four grading options, or ≥70% in either direction. Results Forty-seven out of 66 invited panelists answered both rounds (response rate 76%). The consensus was reached for 41 out of 43 items (95.3%). Strong and weak recommendations were issued for 30 and 10 items, respectively. A positive consensual recommendation was issued to activate laminar airflow without specific strength, neither strong nor weak. No consensus was reached for systematic glove change for caregivers with a high risk of exposure and filtering facepiece mask class 3 for caregivers with low risk of exposure. Conclusions A high degree of consensus was reached for a comprehensive safety protocol for PIPAC, adapted to the risk of exposure for the different caregivers in the OR. This consensus can serve as a basis for education and help reach a high degree of adherence in daily practice.

The single tax statement may be corrected anytime by the tax-payers on their own initiative, wherever the information does not correspond with what was stated in the previously submitted form. In the situation were the natural person wishes to send a rectifying statement, he/she shall use the same form, ticking the adequate box in order to mark the fact that it is about a rectification. In this statement only one chapter or both chapters may be corrected, at al headings, as necessary. The tax-payers may rectify the estimated income tax until the 31st of December of the tax year. There is also the possibility of submitting a rectifying statement for the previous years (2018-2020), if the tax-payer finds that the information does not correspond with those in the previously submitted statements.

Groups often make better judgements than individuals, and recent research suggests that this phenomenon extends to the deception detection domain. The present research investigated whether the influence of groups enhances the accuracy of judgements, and whether group size influences deception detection accuracy. Two-hundred fifty participants evaluated written statements with a pre-established detection accuracy rate of 60% in terms of veracity before viewing either the judgements and rationales of several other group members or a short summary of the written statement and revising or restating their own judgements accordingly. Participants' second responses were significantly more accurate than their first, suggesting a small positive effect of structured groups on deception detection accuracy. Group size did not have a significant effect on detection accuracy. The present work extends our understanding of the utility of group deception detection, suggesting that asynchronous, structured groups outperform individuals at detecting deception.

As was pointed out to us by Huaxia Zeng, Theorem 1 in Bonifacio and Masso ( 2020 ), is not correct. In this note we recall former Theorem 1, exhibit a counterexample of its statement, identify the mistake in its faulty proof, and state and prove the new version of Theorem 1. At the end we give an alternative proof of Lemma 9, whose former proof used incorrectly Lemma 5. Notation and definitions are as in the section of Preliminaries in Bonifacio and Masso (2020) .

One of the well-known conundrums of the Guide of the Perplexed, found in its last chapter, pertains to Maimonides's contradictory presentation of the hierarchy of human virtues and perfections. This article draws attention to a parallel between the paradox posed by the closing paragraphs of the Guide and the contradiction found in the concluding paragraphs of Aristotle's Nicomachean Ethics, a parallel that has never been noted by students of Maimonides. The intention here is not to make a categorical statement about Maimonides's position on the core issues of the relationship between the intellect and the moral virtues. Rather, it is to shed new light on the unexpected structure of the last chapter, and thus also provide a significant addition to the important debate about Maimonides's position on these issues.

The American Medical Society for Sports Medicine (AMSSM) convened an expert panel to address the current evidence, knowledge gaps, and recommendations surrounding the COVID vaccination in athletes during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. The group held a series of meetings beginning in July 2021 and reviewed the available literature while using an iterative process and expert consensus to finalize this guidance statement. This document is intended to provide clinicians with suggestions on how to incorporate the COVID vaccination during the preparticipation physical examination for athletes in all levels of training and competition. The statement is not intended to address treatment, infection control principles, safety, ethical discussion, or public health issues related to SARS-CoV-2. The AMSSM task force acknowledges the clinical uncertainty, evolving public health objectives, and the limited data currently available to create this guidance statement.

I was thinking about what I wanted to write about for my first editorial in IEEE Security & Privacy, when I came across this statement in the 2019 Application Security Risk Report by Micro Focus1 (free, but it requires registration): “Because people are prone to error, manual security tasks that can otherwise be automated are at risk of being done incorrectly.” While this is not a surprising statement in and of itself, it reminded me of the many ad hoc decisions being made by people in various roles in computing systems—from programmers to administrators to end users—that we require to be correct for a system to achieve security goals.

Cold injury can result from exercising at low temperatures and can impair exercise performance or cause lifelong debility or death. This consensus statement provides up-to-date information on the pathogenesis, nature, impacts, prevention, and treatment of the most common cold injuries.

Bariatric surgery has been shown to have a variety of metabolically beneficial effects for patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D), and is now also called metabolic surgery. At the 2nd Diabetes Surgery Summit held in 2015 in London, the indication for bariatric and metabolic surgery was included in the “algorithm for patients with type T2D”. With this background, the Japanese Society for Treatment of Obesity (JSTO), the Japan Diabetes Society (JDS) and the Japan Society for the Study of Obesity (JASSO) have formed a joint committee to develop a consensus statement regarding bariatric and metabolic surgery for the treatment of Japanese patients with T2D. Eventually, the consensus statement was announced at the joint meeting of the 38th Annual Meeting of JSTO and the 41st Annual Meeting of JASSO convened in Toyama on March 21, 2021. In preparing the consensus statement, we used Japanese data as much as possible as scientific evidence to consider the indication criteria, and set two types of recommendation grades, “recommendation” and “consideration”, for items for which recommendations are possible. We hope that this statement will be helpful in providing evidence-based high-quality care through bariatric and metabolic surgery for the treatment of obese Japanese patients with T2D. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13340-021-00551-0.

This paper studies the effect of disclosing conflicts of interest on strategic communication when the sender has lying costs. I present a simple economic mechanism under which such disclosure often leads to more informative and, at the same time, also to more biased messages. This benefits rational receivers but exerts a negative externality from them on naive or delegating receivers. Disclosure is thus not a Pareto-improvement among receivers. I identify general conditions of the information structure under which this effect manifests and show that whenever it does, full disclosure is socially inefficient. These results hold independently of the degree of the receivers' risk-aversion and for an arbitrary precision of the disclosure statement., Games and Economic Behavior, 130, ISSN:0899-8256

The main aim of the study was to verify the thesis that the US economy is measured against the spectre of secular stagnation by determining the mood of American society using Google Trends. While performing the analysis, the authors used data on the American market for the years 2004-2018. The study comprised 42 entries, including 19 entries from the category “social” and 23 entries from the category “financial”. The analyses do not allow for a clear statement that the US economy is facing the spectre of secular stagnation, but they allow us to formulate the observation that the mood of the society is moderately pessimistic, which undoubtedly translates into economic activity and may be the cause of the persisting economic stagnation.