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The article analyses the influence of factors of the work environment, as well as the non-work environment, on the employee's departure from the company. A dataset containing 1470 data rows with 14 attributes belonging to the company's employees was selected for the analysis. The method of self-organising Kohonen maps was used, which allow to study the structure of the data and identify hidden patterns, as well as the method of artificial neural networks, which allow to analyse large amounts of data and find hidden relationships that may not be obvious to humans. In the course of the work, the errors of the methods were determined, several experiments with different number of factors were conducted, and the dependence between the number of factors and the magnitude of the error of the algorithms was revealed. For both methods and each experiment, conjugacy tables were obtained, which contain the classification results obtained by the methods. In addition, a correlation analysis was performed to determine the degree of association between the factors and the target variable.

This article introduces an innovative management system for retail businesses, based on modern computer vision and data analytics technologies. The primary focus is on effective energy management: optimizing inventory control and monitoring employee energy consumption. The system is designed to address several key challenges faced by stores and trading companies. It provides a comprehensive solution for employee monitoring, utilizing computer vision for automated attendance tracking and establishing a detailed absence database. This streamlines supervisory responsibilities and ensures fair payroll distribution, eliminating unjustified payouts for absenteeism. Furthermore, the system revolutionizes inventory management by offering accurate sales statistics through automated data entry and in-depth analytics. It identifies popular items and forecasts future needs, optimizing procurement decisions and preventing losses due to stock shortages.

Introduction. Silicon nitride is a highly promising material for fabrication of photonic integrated circuits (PICs). Plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition is a prospective method for large-scale industrial production of silicon nitride-based PICs. The disadvantage of this method, which limits its practical application, consists in high insertion losses in the telecommunication frequency band due to absorption on the Si–H and N–H bonds remaining from the film growth process. Thermal annealing is the most common method for breaking these bonds and reducing losses. Therefore, investigation of the impact of annealing on the optical properties of photonic integrated waveguides is an important research task.Aim. To investigate the effect of annealing treatment on the optical properties of PICs based on the silicon nitride films with different thicknesses obtained by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition.Materials and methods. The work investigates the effect of annealing treatment on the optical properties of PICs based on the silicon nitride films with thicknesses of 200, 400 and 700 nm. To that end, the transmission characteristics of a set of test elements were measured using a high-definition component analyzer in the frequency range of 185…196 THz.Results. Frequency dependencies of loss and coupling coefficients, as well as the group index before and after annealing were extracted from the measured transmission characteristics of the test elements. It was found that waveguides on a 200-nm-thick film exhibited higher losses in comparison with the waveguides on thicker films. The waveguides with cross sections of 900 × 400 and 900 × 700 nm2 demonstrate the losses below 5 dB in the frequency range of 185…190 THz. A rapid increase in losses due to absorption on the N–H bonds was observed at the frequencies above 190 THz. The work shows that thermal annealing reduces insertion losses across the frequency range from 185 to 196 THz. The adequacy of extracted optical parameters is confirmed by comparing theoretical and experimental transmission characteristics of the ring resonator.Conclusion. The obtained results demonstrate that silicon nitride waveguides fabricated by the method of plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition require the stage of thermal annealing. Vacuum annealing at 600 °C for 30 min reduces insertion losses in the waveguides with cross sections of 900 × 400 and 900 × 700 nm2 down to 4 dB/cm in the frequency band from 185 to 196 THz.

Introduction. Recent years have seen a growing interest in studying the nonlinear properties of spin waves. Nonlinear phenomena, such as envelope solitons, nonlinear frequency shifts of intense spin waves, and etc., have attracted particular attention. However, a number of important issues remain to be underexplored, including the problem of induced nonlinear phase shift of spin waves. The relevance of this problem is related to the need to develop spin-wave logic gates that could be controlled by changing the spin wave phase.Aim. To study a nonlinear XNOR logic gate whose operation is based on the induced nonlinear phase shift of a spin wave.Materials and methods. An original theory is used to simulate the frequency response of a nonlinear XNOR logic gate. The operating principle of the nonlinear XNOR logic gate is substantiated. The possibility of implementing the nonlinear XNOR logic gate in a circuit similar to a spin-wave Mach-Zehnder interferometer is experimentally demonstrated.Results. An experimental study of the induced nonlinear phase shift of operating signals incident on identical nonlinear spin-wave phase shifters located in the arms of the logic gate was carried out. It is shown that an increase in the pump signal power up to 60 mW, supplied to nonlinear phase shifters, changes the induced nonlinear phase shift of the operating signal by more than 180°. Hence, nonlinear phase shifters can be used for constructing spin-wave logic gates. In addition, the operating principle of a spin-wave logic gate was experimentally studied. It is shown that the XNOR logical function is implemented in the low-frequency part of the device’s frequency response characteristic.Conclusion. Numerical simulation of the characteristics of a nonlinear XNOR logic gate based on the Mach-Zehnder interferometer circuit was carried out. It is shown that its logical functions are implemented due to the effect of an induced nonlinear phase shift of spin waves in nonlinear phase shifters located in different arms of the logic gate.

The MIC genes are located on chromosome 6 in the class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC) region and encode a membrane-bound stress-inducible protein that acts as a ligand to stimulate the NKG2D activating receptor expressed on the surface of the most natural killer cells (NK). Currently, 7 MIC loci are known, of which only MICA and MICB encode proteins and show a significant allelic polymorphism. The MIC gene polymorphism and their location in the HLA region suggests presence of some ethnic and populational differences for the gene frequencies, linkage disequilibrium of distinct loci, and distribution of HLA-MIC haplotypes, thus making it possible to get information on genetic relationship of human populations. The aim of our study was to assess immunogenetic profile of Russian population in Chelyabinsk Region based on the non-classical HLA loci, i.e., MICA and MICB, in the context of worldwide population data. Methods of the study included immunogenetic typing of 100 donors identifying themselves as Russians, taken from the Registry of Stem Cell Donors at the Chelyabinsk Regional Blood Transfusion Station. The 2 loci (MICA and MICB) were typed at basic resolution, using PCR technique with sequence-specific primers (SSP-PCR). Gene frequencies (GF) were calculated using programs for immunogenetic research (Arlequin 3.5).Among Russian population from Chelyabinsk Region, the following characteristics of the MICA gene distributions were found: MICA *008, *002, *010, *009, frequency of > 7%; average frequencies, for MICA *004, *007, *018, *017; whereas MICA *027, *011, *006, *009:02, *049, *012, *016 was registered at a frequency of < 3.5%. MICB gene profile was as follows: MICB *005:02, *004, *002, *008 at a frequency of > 6%; at a frequency of 4% MICB *003, *005:03; MICB *005:01, * 005:04, * 009N, MICB *013, *014 at a frequency of0.5%. As based on calculated genetic distances (according to Ney) for the MICA locus, the dendrogram and scatter plot were designed by means of multidimensional scaling (MDS) method, presenting location of 30 world populations, including data on Russians in Chelyabinsk Region. The smallest genetic distances between the population of Russians from Chelyabinsk Region and other world populations were found between the population of Slovenia, as well as the USA population of European origin. As based on scatterplot obtained by the MDS approach for MICA gene frequencies, using the data of cluster analysis, we have found that the population of Russians from Chelyabinsk Region belongs to a cluster of typical European populations.The obtained patterns could be used for practical purposes to create a registry of stem cell donors in Russia. In addition, the data may be used as a control group for further research in the area of HLA-disease association, and could be also demanded by the specialists in population ethnogenesis.

The mechanism of the interfacial Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction in heavy metal-ferromagnet heterostructures is debated. Here, the authors show the oscillating behaviour of the interaction as a function of the MgO spacer layer thickness, supporting the interlayer exchange coupling mechanism of the Ruderman-Kittel-Kasuya-Yosida type.

Tuberculosis is a widespread infectious disease caused by M. tuberculosis, which is one of the leading causes of death in the world. According to numerous literature data, this is a genetically determined disease, and genetical polymorphism is a mechanism that leads to progression from infection to clinical manifestation. Susceptibility to infection correlates with different genes at several loci, and each individual gene plays a unique role. It is known, that the analysis of individual polymorphic variants of genes does not provide a sufficiently complete picture of the mechanisms of formation of a predisposition to multifactorial pathologies, such as tuberculosis, since their development is based on complex intergenic and gene-environmental interactions, which must be taken into account when predicting the risk of developing active forms of the disease and its severity. The concept of the functioning of cytokines as biomarkers of tuberculosis suggests that their products and interactions play an important role in the immunopathogenesis of the disease, because they form a cytokine chain with unique functions, where the removal of any link in the chain disrupts the entire mechanism of the immuno-inflammatory process. IL-6, together with TNFα and IL-1β, initiate early pro-inflammatory reactions in tuberculosis, stimulating local and systemic inflammatory reactions under participation of all common pro-inflammatory mechanisms with further transition to activation of acquired immunity. Earlier, we carried out a set of studies to evaluate the association of alleles and genotypes of these cytokine genes with a predisposition/resistance to pulmonary tuberculosis in Russians of the Chelyabinsk region. These studies have resulted into assessment of certain distribution patterns of IL-1β, TNFα, IL-6 alleles and their genotypes in pulmonary tuberculosis and its various clinical forms. The following methods were used: isolation of DNA samples from whole blood, genotyping of the studied gene polymorphisms using PCR and RFLP techniques. In this study, we analyzed the intergenic interactions of the genes for the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, TNFα, IL-6 using the method of reducing multifactor dimension in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. The program designs optimal models of combinations for the studied genes and their interactions in tuberculosis patients. As a result of this study, a three-locus model IL-6 (-174)*С – IL-1β (+3953)*Т – IL-1β (+3953)*С was established, which was characterized by 100% reproducibility and prediction accuracy of 72%. Among the analyzed polymorphisms, the IL-6 (-174)*C polymorphism possessed the highest predictive potential with 15.27%.

Сomplex intergenic interactions should be taken into account when predicting the risk of adverse course in a pathological process. This presumption is at the heart of evolving multifactorial diseases (ulcerative colitis and irritable bowel syndrome). A single genetic polymorphism seems to be a weak risk factor when predicting the disease evolution and it could not be used as a prognostic model for development of multifactorial pathologies, especially in cases of rare alleles. However, it is well known that the combination of unfavorable alleles of several genes with an additive effect is dangerous. Therefore, identification of such polymorphisms is very important.Previously we conducted a test panel, in order to evaluate associations of alleles and genotypes of some cytokine genes (IL1β, TNFα, IL1rа, IL10, IL6) with predisposal, or resistance for ulcerative colitis and irritable bowel syndrome in the Russian Chelyabinsk region. Distribution of alleles and genotypes of these genes have been assessed in irritation bowel disease (IBD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). The following methods were used: isolation of DNA samples from whole blood, genotyping of the studied gene polymorphisms with PCR, RFLP. A comparative analysis of intergenic interactions between the cytokine genes IL1β, TNFα, IL1ra, IL10, IL6 in the IBD and UC patients was carried out by the Multifactor Dimensionality Reduction method. The analysis is based on the use of polymorphic loci of IL1β, TNFα, IL1ra, IL10, IL6 combinations chosen for analysis of intergenic interactions, with respect to the risk for IBS and UC predisposition. As a result of this study, a fourlocus model IL1β(+3953)*Т/TNFα(-308)*A/IL10(-1082)*G/IL6(-174)*G was identified for IBS, which was characterized by 90% repeatability and prediction accuracy of 74.5%. This model of gene interactions between the cytokine IL1β, TNFα, IL1ra, IL10, IL6 genes had the greatest prediction potential (p < 0.001) in IBS, whereas the model for UC was not statistically significant. The following types of genetic interactions were established: synergism between the IL1β(+3953)*Т and TNFα(-308)*A loci, whereas IL6(-174)*G и IL10(-1082)*G, TNFα(-308)*A seem to be in antagonistic relationships. The study made it possible to establish that the -174G/C IL-6 polymorphism may play a central role and provide intergenic interactions with SNPs of IL1β, TNFα, IL10 for predisposal to irritable bowel syndrome in Chelyabinsk Region of Russia.

The creation of practical devices based on magnetic skyrmions depends on the development of methods to create and control stable individual skyrmions. Here, the authors present a bilayer device that uses dipolar interactions to stabilize skyrmions that can be manipulated using electric currents.

The article shows the analysis of the components of the mutual motion of the synchronous machines rotors in the transient process under disturbance conditions. It is shown that the representation of the original EPS can be represented by a two-machine equivalent, relative to the section in which stability is violated.