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Two experiments were conducted to examine the effect of growth rate to similar age or BW on fat deposition in stocker cattle grazing dormant native range (DNR) or winter wheat pasture (WP). In each experiment, fall-weaned Angus steers were randomly allotted to 1 of 4 stocker production programs: 1) control, 1.02 kg/d of a 40% CP cottonseed mealbased supplement during grazing of DNR (CON); 2) corn/soybean meal-based supplement fed at 1% of BW during grazing of DNR (CORN); 3) grazing WP at a high stocking rate to achieve a low rate of BW gain (LGWP); and 4) grazing WP at a low stocking rate to achieve a high rate of BW gain (HGWP). In Exp. 1, a subset of steers (3 steers per treatment) was harvested after winter grazing (138 d) at similar age. The remaining WP steers were transitioned into the finishing phase, whereas DNR steers were allowed to graze the same native range pastures for another 115 d without supplementation before entering the feedyard. In Exp. 2, steers grazed their respective pastures until each treatment reached an estimated HCW of 200 kg (262, 180, 142, and 74 d, respectively, for the CON, CORN, LGWP, and HGWP treatments), at which time a subset of steers (4 steers per treatment) were selected for intermediate harvest before finishing. In both experiments, the remaining steers were fed a finishing diet to a common 12th-rib fat thickness of 1.27 cm. In Exp. 1, winter grazing ADG was 0.19, 0.52, 0.68, and 1.37 ± 0.03 kg/d; and in Exp. 2, winter/summer grazing ADG was 0.46, 0.61, 0.83, and 1.29 ± 0.02 kg/d, respectively for CON, CORN, LGWP, and HGWP treatments. At intermediate harvest in Exp. 1, HGWP steers had greater (P < 0.01) 12th-rib fat thickness and marbling scores, compared with the other treatments. However, in Exp. 2, LGWP steers had greater (P < 0.01) marbling scores compared with HGWP steers, which were greater than DNR steers. At final harvest in Exp. 1, LGWP steers had greater (P < 0.01) 12th-rib fat thickness and smaller LM area, compare

Discussion is presented of research at the TOMS research and design institute in Russia into the determination of grinding indices for the design of semiautogenous grinding mills. Testing has been carried out on ores from 29 deposits in Russia and Kazakhstan. Brief discussion is presented of specific SAG plants in Russia. Several plants are operating successfully and more are under construction., Discussion is presented of research at the TOMS research and design institute in Russia into the determination of grinding indices for the design of semiautogenous grinding mills. Testing has been carried out on ores from 29 deposits in Russia and Kazakhstan. Brief discussion is presented of specific SAG plants in Russia. Several plants are operating successfully and more are under construction.

The advent of direct measurement of required pinion energy for semi-autogenous grinding mills has created much controversy as to which method is best for the design of new mills. Direct measurement using open technology is preferable to simulated solutions because the client can check the design themselves. Many closed and private technologies make checking of a particular design difficult, if not impossible, without the purchase of expensive software, if available. Industry consensus among professional engineers demands that new designs be checked by at least two mainstream methods to provide adequate assurance that the design offered will work and will process the design tonnage at desired product size every day in the new plant. Too much faith in simulated design and lack of experience in its application can also result in increased start-up times due to the mill sizing having been inferred and not calculated. The paper examines the use of SAGDesign technology as a valid method for determining the chamber size and power required for new autogenou-ball, semiautogenous-ball and semiautogenous-ball-crusher grinding circuits. Test accuracy, benchmark results and database summary information are included., The advent of direct measurement of required pinion energy for semi-autogenous grinding mills has created much controversy as to which method is best for the design of new mills. Direct measurement using open technology is preferable to simulated solutions because the client can check the design themselves. Many closed and private technologies make checking of a particular design difficult, if not impossible, without the purchase of expensive software, if available. Industry consensus among professional engineers demands that new designs be checked by at least two mainstream methods to provide adequate assurance that the design offered will work and will process the design tonnage at desired product size every day in the new plant. Too much faith in simulated design and lack of experience in its application can also result in increased start-up times due to the mill sizing having been inferred and not calculated. The paper examines the use of SAGDesign technology as a valid method for determining the chamber size and power required for new autogenou-ball, semiautogenous-ball and semiautogenous-ball-crusher grinding circuits. Test accuracy, benchmark results and database summary information are included.

Smarter processing for the future, in the area of SAG mill design involves accurate grinding test data, completing final mill design in less than three months, and at a cost of less than US, Smarter processing for the future, in the area of SAG mill design involves accurate grinding test data, completing final mill design in less than three months, and at a cost of less than US

Work is presented on how various ore hardness measurements compared with each other when done on the same samples from Tenke-Fungurume, DR Congo during SAG mill design. The tests compared included Bond rod-mill work index, Bond abrasion, specific gravity, JK drop weight tests, Bond impact crushing work index and unconfined compressive strength ASTM D 5731., Work is presented on how various ore hardness measurements compared with each other when done on the same samples from Tenke-Fungurume, DR Congo during SAG mill design. The tests compared included Bond rod-mill work index, Bond abrasion, specific gravity, JK drop weight tests, Bond impact crushing work index and unconfined compressive strength ASTM D 5731.

Following a plenary address on decomissioning (abstract only), papers are presented from sessions on new ideas (5 papers), operating improvements/projects (6 papers), comminution (7 papers), predictive tools (6 papers), flotation (7 papers), dewatering (2 papers), and miscellaneous (4 papers). The focus is on operations, including novel ideas, improvements and prediction. As well as many papers on Canadian plants and projects, there are some on other North and South American, Australian, African, European and Middle Eastern plants., Following a plenary address on decomissioning (abstract only), papers are presented from sessions on new ideas (5 papers), operating improvements/projects (6 papers), comminution (7 papers), predictive tools (6 papers), flotation (7 papers), dewatering (2 papers), and miscellaneous (4 papers). The focus is on operations, including novel ideas, improvements and prediction. As well as many papers on Canadian plants and projects, there are some on other North and South American, Australian, African, European and Middle Eastern plants.