210 results on '"Stapedial Artery"'
Search Results
2. Embryological Development of the Hyostapedial System
- Author
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Bonasia, Sara, Bojanowski, Michel W., Robert, Thomas, Robert, Thomas, editor, Bonasia, Sara, editor, and Bojanowski, Michel W., editor
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Anatomy, Embryology and Variations of the Middle Meningeal Artery
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Robert, Thomas, Bonasia, Sara, Smajda, S., Ciccio’, G., Bojanowski, Michel W., Robert, Thomas, editor, Bonasia, Sara, editor, and Bojanowski, Michel W., editor
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- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Development of the Craniofacial Blood Supply: Intracranial System
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Carstens, Michael H. and Carstens, Michael H., editor
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- 2023
- Full Text
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5. The Meninges
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Carstens, Michael H. and Carstens, Michael H., editor
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- 2023
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6. Petrosal and cranial vascular system of the early Eocene palaeoryctid mammal Eoryctes melanus from northwestern Wyoming, USA
- Author
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JOHN R. WIBLE
- Subjects
mammalia ,lipotyphla ,solenodon ,entotympanic ,facial nerve ,frontal diploic vein ,piriform fenestra ,stapedial artery ,tympanohyal ,zygoma ,Fossil man. Human paleontology ,GN282-286.7 ,Paleontology ,QE701-760 - Abstract
The petrosal and neighboring bones of the early Eocene palaeoryctid mammal Eoryctes melanus are described in tympanic and endocranial views based on CT scan data of the holotype. A second cranium of E. melanus has fragments of an osseous bulla, which have been interpreted as possibly formed by an independent entotympanic. The CT scans of the holotype reveal that the medial bullar wall is formed by an expanded rostral tympanic process of the petrosal, but the element(s) in the bullar floor remain unknown. The CT scans also allow for a comprehensive reconstruction of the cranial arterial and venous system. The arterial pattern differs from that in early eutherians by the absence of the arteria diploëtica magna and the bifurcation of the end branches of the stapedial artery dorsal to the tympanic roof. The venous pattern includes a large frontal diploic vein arising from the dorsal sagittal sinus on the midline and running through the frontal bone in a canal. Comparisons are made with other palaeoryctids, various Paleogene mammals (pantolestids, leptictids, apternodontids, apatemyids, and cimolestids) and the extant lipotyphlan Solenodon paradoxus. For the last taxon, the structure of the piriform fenestra and associated arteries is detailed. Cranial features support the monophyly of palaeoryctids and suggest possible lipotyphlan affinities.
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- 2022
- Full Text
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7. Clinical and neuroimaging features of a familial pathogenic ACTA2 variant as a model of a vascular neurocristopathy.
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Prentice, David Andrew, Singh, Tejinder, and Parizel, Paul Maria
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BRAIN , *MUSCLE proteins , *GENETIC mutation , *PATENT ductus arteriosus , *PUPIL diseases , *GENETIC testing , *GENETIC variation , *GENES , *NEURORADIOLOGY , *OPHTHALMIC artery ,ARTERIAL abnormalities - Abstract
The clinical and neuroimaging findings of a family with a variant ACTA2 gene (c351C > G), presenting with smooth muscle dysfunction in structures of neural crest derivation, are discussed. The combination of aortic abnormalities, patent ductus arteriosus, congenital mydriasis and distinctive cerebrovascular and brain morphological abnormalities characterise this disorder. Two sisters, heterozygous for the variant, and their mother, a mosaic, are presented. Brain parenchymal changes are detailed for the first time in a non-Arg179His variant. Radiological features of the petrous canal and external carotid are highlighted. We explore the potential underlying biological and embryological mechanisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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8. Osteological and vascular morphology and electrolyte homeostasis of sea turtles.
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Masataka YOSHIDA, Masaharu MOTOKAWA, and Hideki ENDO
- Subjects
SEA turtles ,LACRIMAL apparatus ,BLOOD circulation ,MORPHOLOGY ,X-ray computed microtomography ,TEMPORALIS muscle - Abstract
Sea turtles have well developed lacrimal glands for their electrolyte homeostasis. In turtles, stapedial artery and palatine artery send branches to supply orbital region, but supply artery for lacrimal glands was not identified. Micro-CT scans showed dorsoventrally large lacrimal glands of sea turtle are supplied by both stapedial artery and palatine artery. The circulatory pattern in cranial region was reconstructed based on the micro-CT scans, showing that sea turtle has basically similar pattern with the common snapping turtle: stapedial artery supplies orbital region and mandibular artery is ramified from stapedial artery. We also investigate the foramen stapedio-temporalis in turtles using osteological specimens. The foramen stapedio-temporalis, where the stapedial artery passes through, has different size among four families of turtles. We compared the sum of cross sections of left and right foramen stapedio-temporalis since homeostasis of one individual is maintained by a pair of lacrimal glands. The size difference may reflect primarily the share of stapedial artery against palatine artery in cranial circulation pattern and blood supply of orbital regions. Our observations confirmed a significantly larger cross-section in the foramen stapedio-temporalis of sea turtles than other freshwater/terrestrial turtles. Since the circulatory pattern is shared, the size difference of foramen stapedio-temporalis reflects the amount of arterial blood supply to lacrimal glands. Therefore, the size of the foramen stapedio-temporalis may indicate marine adaptation of turtles and are applicable to both fossil and osteological specimens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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9. Petrosal and cranial vascular system of the early Eocene palaeoryctid mammal Eoryctes melanus from northwestern Wyoming, USA.
- Author
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WIBLE, JOHN R.
- Subjects
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CARDIOVASCULAR system , *EOCENE Epoch , *FRONTAL bone , *COMPUTED tomography , *MAMMALS - Abstract
The petrosal and neighboring bones of the early Eocene palaeoryctid mammal Eoryctes melanus are described in tympanic and endocranial views based on CT scan data of the holotype. A second cranium of E. melanus has fragments of an osseous bulla, which have been interpreted as possibly formed by an independent entotympanic. The CT scans of the holotype reveal that the medial bullar wall is formed by an expanded rostral tympanic process of the petrosal, but the element(s) in the bullar floor remain unknown. The CT scans also allow for a comprehensive reconstruction of the cranial arterial and venous system. The arterial pattern differs from that in early eutherians by the absence of the arteria diploëtica magna and the bifurcation of the end branches of the stapedial artery dorsal to the tympanic roof. The venous pattern includes a large frontal diploic vein arising from the dorsal sagittal sinus on the midline and running through the frontal bone in a canal. Comparisons are made with other palaeoryctids, various Paleogene mammals (pantolestids, leptictids, apternodontids, apatemyids, and cimolestids) and the extant lipotyphlan Solenodon paradoxus. For the last taxon, the structure of the piriform fenestra and associated arteries is detailed. Cranial features support the monophyly of palaeoryctids and suggest possible lipotyphlan affinities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. NOVA Southeastern University Researcher Highlights Recent Research in Internal Carotid Artery (Middle meningeal artery arising from the petrous internal carotid artery: Outcome of unusual stapedial artery regression).
- Abstract
A recent report discusses research on the internal carotid artery, specifically focusing on a rare variant of the middle meningeal artery. Normally, the internal and external carotid arterial systems have separate branching patterns, but in this case, a branch of the middle meningeal artery arises from the internal carotid artery. This variant anatomy is believed to be the result of an atypical regression of the distal stapedial artery. The researchers emphasize the importance of awareness of this anatomical variation for surgeons, vascular interventionalists, and radiologists operating on the skull base. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
11. A symptomatic atherosclerotic persistent pharyngo-hyo-stapedial artery: Treatment management and embryological considerations.
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Cagnazzo, Federico, Zannoni, Riccardo, Lefevre, Pierre-Henri, Dargazanli, Cyril, Derraz, Imad, Gascou, Gegory, Riquelme, Carlos, Bonafe, Alain, and Costalat, Vincent
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TRANSIENT ischemic attack , *INTERNAL carotid artery , *DIGITAL subtraction angiography , *CAROTID artery , *ARTERIES , *COMPUTED tomography - Abstract
The stapedial artery (SA) is an embryonic vessel connecting the internal carotid artery (ICA) to the branches of the future external carotid artery (ECA). It passes through the primordium of the stapes that progressively develops around the SA. Normally, SA disappears during the tenth week in utero. Approximately 0.4% of the population can have a persistent SA. It can persist as four types of embryological variations, of which the pharyngo-hyo-stapedial variant has been rarely described before. We reported a case of a 61-year-old woman presented with transient ischemic attacks (TIAs). Computed tomography angiography showed an unusual "duplicated" aspect of the left ICA. Digital subtraction angiography depicted a persistent pharyngo-hyo-stapedial artery with an atherosclerotic wall and was considered the cause of the TIAs. After failure of the antiplatelet therapy in preventing recurrent TIAs, stenting of the artery was planned and successfully performed. Patient was asymptomatic during 12-month follow-up. The pharyngo-hyo-stapedial artery is a very rare variation in which the SA is supplied by the inferior tympanic (rising from the ascending pharyngeal artery) and the hyoid artery (rising from the ICA). To our knowledge, this is a unique case of a pharyngo-hyo-stapedial artery in a patient presenting associated ischemic symptoms. Radiological and embryological findings are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
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12. CXCL12 is required for stirrup‐shaped stapes formation during mammalian middle ear development.
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Ankamreddy, Harinarayana, Koo, Heiyeun, Lee, Young Jae, and Bok, Jinwoong
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MIDDLE ear ,INNER ear ,CELL motility ,NEURAL crest ,MESENCHYME - Abstract
Background: The mammalian middle ear comprises a chain of three ossicles—the malleus, incus, and stapes—each of which has a unique morphology for efficiently transmitting sound information. In particular, the stapes, which is attached to the inner ear, is stirrup‐shaped with a head and base connected by two crural arches, forming the stapedial foramen, through which the stapedial artery passes. However, how the stapes acquires this critical stirrup shape for association with the stapedial artery during development is not clear. Results: C‐X‐C motif chemokine ligand 12 (CXCL12) is a chemoattractant essential for cellular movement and angiogenesis. In Cxcl12−/− embryos, migration of neural crest cells into the prospective middle ear regions and their mesenchymal condensation to form the three ossicles proceed normally in correct alignment with each other and the inner ear. However, in the absence of CXCL12, the stapes loses its stirrup shape and instead exhibits a columnar shape lacking the crural arches and central hole. In addition, although the stapedial artery initially forms during early mesenchymal condensation of the stapes, it degenerates without CXCL12 function. Conclusion: CXCL12 plays an essential role in establishing the stirrup‐shaped architecture of the stapes, possibly by maintaining the stapedial foramen and stapedial artery throughout development. Key Findings: The stapes is a stirrup‐shaped ossicle with a central foramen through which the stapedial artery penetrates.Cxcl12 is expressed in the condensing mesenchyme that forms the stapedial anlagen.The stapedial artery and stapedial foramen fail to form in the absence of CXCL12.CXCL12 is required for establishing the stirrup shape during stapes development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
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13. Anomalous origin of the middle meningeal artery from the inferolateral trunk with an arterial circle around a hypoplastic internal carotid artery in an infant with a dural arteriovenous fistula.
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AlMatter, M, Aguilar Pérez, M, Hellstern, V, Quäschling, U, Ganslandt, O, and Henkes, H
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INTERNAL carotid artery , *ARTERIOVENOUS fistula , *OPHTHALMIC artery , *ARTERIES , *INFANTS , *CIRCLE - Abstract
Deviations from normal embryologic development can manifest in different anatomical variants of the ophthalmic artery. We present a case of an infant treated for a high-flow dural arteriovenous fistula of the superior sagittal sinus, in whom an arterial circle involving the ophthalmic artery, the middle meningeal artery, the inferolateral trunk and a hypoplastic segment of the internal carotid artery was found. The embryologic development is briefly reviewed with emphasis on the possible genesis of this interesting constellation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2020
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14. Middle Ear Contents
- Author
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Mansour, Salah, Magnan, Jacques, Haidar, Hassan, Nicolas, Karen, Louryan, Stéphane, Mansour, Salah, Magnan, Jacques, Haidar, Hassan, Nicolas, Karen, and Louryan, Stéphane
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
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15. Petrosal Anatomy of the Paleocene Eutherian Mammal Deltatherium fundaminis (Cope, 1881)
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Thomas E. Williamson, Sarah L. Shelley, Stephen L. Brusatte, and Ornella C. Bertrand
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Mastoid process ,Original Paper ,biology ,Arctocyonidae ,Basicranium ,Condylarthra ,Anatomy ,biology.organism_classification ,Deltatherium ,Condylarth ,Auditory region ,Stapedial Artery ,Foramen ,Process (anatomy) ,Paleogene ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Tillodontia - Abstract
We describe the tympanic anatomy of the petrosal of Deltatherium fundaminis, an enigmatic Paleocene mammal based on cranial specimens recovered from New Mexico, U.S.A. Although the ear region of Deltatherium has previously been described, there has not been a comprehensive, well-illustrated contribution using current anatomical terminology. The dental and cranial anatomy of Deltatherium is a chimera, with morphological similarities to both ‘condylarth’ and ‘cimolestan’ taxa. As such, the phylogenetic relationships of this taxon have remained elusive since its discovery, and it has variably been associated with Arctocyonidae, Pantodonta and Tillodontia. The petrosal of Deltatherium is anteriorly bordered by an open space comprising a contiguous carotid opening and pyriform fenestra. The promontorium features both a small rostral tympanic process and small epitympanic wing but lacks well-marked sulci. A large ventral facing external aperture of the canaliculus cochleae is present and bordered posteriorly by a well-developed caudal tympanic process. The hiatus Fallopii opens on the ventral surface of the petrosal. The tegmen tympani is mediolaterally broad and anteriorly expanded, and its anterior margin is perforated by a foramen for the ramus superior of the stapedial artery. The tympanohyal is small but approximates the caudal tympanic process to nearly enclose the stylomastoid notch. The mastoid is widely exposed on the basicranium and bears an enlarged mastoid process, separate from the paraoccipital process. These new observations provide novel anatomical data corroborating previous hypotheses regarding the plesiomorphic eutherian condition but also reveal subtle differences among Paleocene eutherians that have the potential to help inform the phylogeny of Deltatherium.
- Published
- 2021
16. Two Consecutive Cases of Persistent Stapedial Artery Managed With a Carbon Dioxide Laser.
- Author
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Stevens, Shawn M., Walters, Zoe A., Tawfik, Kareem, and Samy, Ravi N.
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CARBON dioxide , *BLOOD-vessel abnormalities , *CHOLESTEATOMA , *CHRONIC diseases , *COMPUTED tomography , *EAR diseases , *EAR surgery , *HEMORRHAGE , *MEDICAL lasers , *POSTOPERATIVE period , *PLASTIC surgery , *THERAPEUTICS - Abstract
Objective: (1) Discuss the presentation and management of persistent stapedial artery (PSA) discovered incidentally during cholesteatoma surgery. (2) Review use of carbon dioxide (CO2) laser for treatment of PSA in the setting of chronic ear disease. Patients: Two consecutive patients with PSA and primary acquired cholesteatoma. Intervention(s): Tympanomastoidectomy using a canal wall reconstruction technique. Main Outcome Measure(s): Surgical healing, collateral damage to surrounding anatomy, and postoperative hearing. Results: Persistent stapedial artery was detected incidentally in 2 patients, manifesting with heavy pulsatile bleeding arising during dissection of mesotympanic cholesteatoma. Preoperative computed tomography scans demonstrated absent foramen spinosum but no other aberrant vascular anatomy. Using CO2 laser, the PSAs were ablated and controlled, allowing complete resection of cholesteatoma and successful completion of the procedure. In both patients, surrounding anatomical structures suffered no iatrogenic injury. Postoperatively, no significant complications occurred. To date, neither patient has demonstrated evidence of recidivistic cholesteatoma. Conclusions: A CO2 laser can be useful for managing a PSA in the setting of chronic ear disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
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17. Successful Cochlear Implantation in the Face of Persistent Stapedial Artery: Surgical Technique and Imaging Features
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KY Hearing Clinic, Kentucky, Usa, T. Logan Lindemann, Katie L. Austin, and Arun K. Gadre
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Adult ,0301 basic medicine ,medicine.medical_specialty ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Case Report ,Asymptomatic ,Embryologic Structure ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Cochlear implant ,medicine ,Humans ,030223 otorhinolaryngology ,Cochlear implantation ,Aged ,Retrospective Studies ,Round window ,business.industry ,Arteries ,General Medicine ,Cochlear Implantation ,Cochlea ,Persistent stapedial artery ,Cochlear Implants ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Round Window, Ear ,Otorhinolaryngology ,Middle ear surgery ,Stapedial Artery ,Female ,030101 anatomy & morphology ,Radiology ,medicine.symptom ,business - Abstract
The stapedial artery is an embryologic structure that very rarely persists into adulthood. Termed the persistent stapedial artery (PSA), it is most often asymptomatic, identified retrospectively, and can complicate middle ear surgery. A 70-year-old woman presented with profound bilateral sensorineural hearing loss and elected to undergo cochlear implantation. During surgery, a pulsatile, cord-like structure was found obscuring the round window niche. A high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) imaging review confirmed PSA diagnosis. A cochleostomy was made using a cochleostomy burr and gentle vessel compression. Complete insertion of the cochlear implant was achieved and its placement confirmed. The patient went on to develop open-set discrimination. We report the first successful case of cochlear implantation in the face of a PSA. Inverted HRCT imaging was found to enhance PSA visualization and may aid preoperative diagnosis. A cochleostomy technique is recommended for electrode insertion to minimize the risk of bleeding.
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- 2020
18. An atypical stapedial artery
- Author
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Frédérique Chapon, Mélanie Sanjuan, and Jacques Magnan
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Adult ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Vascular Malformations ,Hearing Loss, Conductive ,Case Report ,Asymptomatic ,Vascular anomaly ,03 medical and health sciences ,Tinnitus ,Vertigo ,Medical Illustration ,medicine ,otorhinolaryngologic diseases ,Humans ,0303 health sciences ,Incidental Findings ,biology ,business.industry ,Incidence (epidemiology) ,General Medicine ,Stapedius ,medicine.disease ,biology.organism_classification ,lcsh:Otorhinolaryngology ,lcsh:RF1-547 ,Conductive hearing loss ,Persistent stapedial artery ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,030301 anatomy & morphology ,Otorhinolaryngology ,Stapedial Artery ,Female ,Radiology ,medicine.symptom ,business ,Tomography, X-Ray Computed ,Artery - Abstract
The persistence of the stape-dial artery is a rare vascular anomaly. It is mostly asymptomatic but sometimes cause conductive hearing loss, pulsatile tinnitus, or vertigo. The estimated prevalence of this rare postembryonic persistence ranged from 0.02% to 0.48%. Four different anatomical forms have been identified, and their preoperative diagnostic is essential. We report the case of an incidental discovery of pharyngo-hyo-stapedial artery, the most uncommon form of persistent stapedial artery. Its per-operative finding has become rare because tomodensitometry is performed in case of conductive hearing loss. The continuous improvement of imagery resolution will probably help to revise the incidence of this malformation.
- Published
- 2020
19. <scp>CXCL12</scp> is required for stirrup‐shaped stapes formation during mammalian middle ear development
- Author
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Young Jae Lee, Harinarayana Ankamreddy, Heiyeun Koo, and Jinwoong Bok
- Subjects
Mice, Knockout ,0301 basic medicine ,Ossicles ,Organogenesis ,Incus ,Ear, Middle ,Malleus ,Anatomy ,Biology ,Embryo, Mammalian ,Chemokine CXCL12 ,Mice ,03 medical and health sciences ,030104 developmental biology ,0302 clinical medicine ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Ossicle ,Stapedial Artery ,medicine ,Middle ear ,Animals ,Inner ear ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Developmental Biology ,Stapes - Abstract
Background The mammalian middle ear comprises a chain of three ossicles-the malleus, incus, and stapes-each of which has a unique morphology for efficiently transmitting sound information. In particular, the stapes, which is attached to the inner ear, is stirrup-shaped with a head and base connected by two crural arches, forming the stapedial foramen, through which the stapedial artery passes. However, how the stapes acquires this critical stirrup shape for association with the stapedial artery during development is not clear. Results C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 12 (CXCL12) is a chemoattractant essential for cellular movement and angiogenesis. In Cxcl12 -/- embryos, migration of neural crest cells into the prospective middle ear regions and their mesenchymal condensation to form the three ossicles proceed normally in correct alignment with each other and the inner ear. However, in the absence of CXCL12, the stapes loses its stirrup shape and instead exhibits a columnar shape lacking the crural arches and central hole. In addition, although the stapedial artery initially forms during early mesenchymal condensation of the stapes, it degenerates without CXCL12 function. Conclusion CXCL12 plays an essential role in establishing the stirrup-shaped architecture of the stapes, possibly by maintaining the stapedial foramen and stapedial artery throughout development.
- Published
- 2020
20. Extratympanic Observation of Middle and Inner Ear Structures in Rodents Using Optical Coherence Tomography
- Author
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Oh, Se-Joon, Lee, Il-Woo, Wang, Soo-Geun, Kong, Soo-Keun, Kim, Hong-Ki, and Goh, Eui-Kyung
- Subjects
genetic structures ,cochlea ,lcsh:Medicine ,01 natural sciences ,010309 optics ,optical imaging ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Optical coherence tomography ,0103 physical sciences ,otorhinolaryngologic diseases ,Medicine ,Inner ear ,030223 otorhinolaryngology ,Cochlea ,optical coherence tomography ,Ossicles ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,lcsh:R ,Oval window ,Anatomy ,lcsh:Otorhinolaryngology ,lcsh:RF1-547 ,eye diseases ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Otorhinolaryngology ,middle ear ,otolaryngology ,Stapedial Artery ,Middle ear ,Original Article ,Surgery ,sense organs ,business ,Bulla (amulet) - Abstract
Objectives. This study aimed to investigate whether optical coherence tomography (OCT) provides useful information about the microstructures of the middle and inner ear via extratympanic approach and thereby could be utilized as an alternative diagnostic technology in ear imaging.Methods. Five rats and mice were included, and the swept-source OCT system was applied to confirm the extent of visibility of the middle and inner ear and measure the length or thickness of the microstructures in the ear. The cochlea was subsequently dissected following OCT and histologically evaluated to compare with the OCT images.Results. The middle ear microstructures such as ossicles, stapedial artery and oval window through the tympanic membrane with the OCT could be confirmed in both rats and mice. It was also possible to obtain the inner ear images such as each compartment of the cochlea in the mice, but the bone covering bulla needed to be removed to visualize the inner ear structures in the rats which had thicker bulla. The bony thickness covering the cochlea could be measured, which showed no significant differences between OCT and histologic image at all turns of cochlea.Conclusion. OCT has been shown a promising technology to assess real-time middle and inner ear microstructures noninvasively with a high-resolution in the animal model. Therefore, OCT could be utilized to provide additional diagnostic information about the diseases of the middle and inner ear.
- Published
- 2020
21. Morphological Specificity of the Auditory Capsule of Sciurid (Sciuridae, Rodentia)
- Author
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E. G. Potapova
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,0301 basic medicine ,Capsule ,Anatomy ,Biology ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,External Acoustic Meatus ,03 medical and health sciences ,030104 developmental biology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Facial canal ,Bridge (graph theory) ,Stapedial Artery ,medicine ,Auditory ossicle ,General Agricultural and Biological Sciences ,Duct (anatomy) ,Bulla (amulet) - Abstract
Specific features of the sciurid auditory capsule have been analyzed based on 63 species from 20 genera. Its morphological specificity is characterized by a peculiar combination of primitive and advanced features stable within the group. They are (1) a rounded and inflated bulla with internal septa and a primitive attachment of the tympanic ring to the inner tympanic wall; (2) a transverse position of the bulla relative to the axis of the promontorium, resulting in the presence of deep petrosal fossae in front of and above the promontorium which are not covered by the tympanic bone; (3) a fully formed osseus facial canal and a developed bone tube of the stapedial artery; (4) the presence of a meato-cochlear bridge connecting the promontorium to the posterior wall of the acoustic duct which, in a fully developed form, does not occur in any other recent rodents; (5) pneumatization of the mastoid due to the expanding of the epitympanic chamber both anteriorly and posteriorly, with the formation of a premeatal pocket and a large epitympano-mastoid chamber divided into parts. The sciurid auditory capsule can generally be considered as morphologically advanced. Its diversity within the family concerns functionally significant features and is manifested in the structure of the external acoustic meatus, the size of the tympanic membrane, the length of the processes of auditory ossicles, and, most importantly, the degree of pneumatization of the auditory capsule. This is associated with quantitative variations of the characters and does not affect its structural plan, as a rule.
- Published
- 2019
22. Moderate Microtia and Partial Atresia
- Author
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Davis, Jack and Davis, Jack
- Published
- 1997
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23. Results
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Starck, J. Matthias, Beck, F., editor, Hild, W., editor, Kriz, W., editor, Pauly, J. E., editor, Sano, Y., editor, Schiebler, T. H., editor, and Starck, J. Matthias
- Published
- 1995
- Full Text
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24. Persistent Stapedial Artery Resulting in Direct Communication Between the Middle Meningeal and Basilar Arteries: Clinical Image
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Basavaraj Ghodke, Zaid Aljuboori, and Margaret McGrath
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Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Middle meningeal artery ,Direct communication ,Cerebral angiogram ,Neurosurgical Procedures ,medicine.artery ,medicine ,Humans ,Embolization ,business.industry ,Endovascular Procedures ,Anatomy ,Cerebral Arteries ,Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ,Embolization, Therapeutic ,Meningeal Arteries ,Stapes ,Cerebral Angiography ,Persistent stapedial artery ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Treatment Outcome ,Basilar Artery ,Stapedial Artery ,cardiovascular system ,Surgery ,Neurology (clinical) ,Internal carotid artery ,business ,Carotid Artery, Internal ,Artery - Abstract
A persistent stapedial artery originates from the petrous segment of the internal carotid artery due to failure of the regression of the embryonic stapedial artery. During embryologic development, the stapedial artery supplies the middle meningeal artery through the ventral pharyngeal artery. The presence of a persistent stapedial artery can result in direct communication between the basilar and middle meningeal arteries. We present a cerebral angiogram image of an adult patient that shows a right-sided persistent stapedial artery with communication between the right middle meningeal and basilar arteries. It is important to recognize such rare anatomic variants during endovascular interventions to avoid catastrophic complications such as nontarget embolization of the posterior circulation.
- Published
- 2021
25. Development and the Phylogenetic Features of the Middle Ear Region
- Author
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Presley, R., Szalay, Frederick S., editor, Novacek, Michael J., editor, and McKenna, Malcolm C., editor
- Published
- 1993
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26. Internal carotid arterial canal size and scaling in Euarchonta: Re-assessing implications for arterial patency and phylogenetic relationships in early fossil primates.
- Author
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Boyer, Doug M., Kirk, E. Christopher, Silcox, Mary T., Gunnell, Gregg F., Gilbert, Christopher C., Yapuncich, Gabriel S., Allen, Kari L., Welch, Emma, Bloch, Jonathan I., Gonzales, Lauren A., Kay, Richard F., and Seiffert, Erik R.
- Subjects
- *
INTERNAL carotid artery , *FOSSIL primates , *PHYLOGENY , *DONOR blood supply , *ALLOMETRY , *MAMMALS - Abstract
Primate species typically differ from other mammals in having bony canals that enclose the branches of the internal carotid artery (ICA) as they pass through the middle ear. The presence and relative size of these canals varies among major primate clades. As a result, differences in the anatomy of the canals for the promontorial and stapedial branches of the ICA have been cited as evidence of either haplorhine or strepsirrhine affinities among otherwise enigmatic early fossil euprimates. Here we use micro X-ray computed tomography to compile the largest quantitative dataset on ICA canal sizes. The data suggest greater variation of the ICA canals within some groups than has been previously appreciated. For example, Lepilemur and Avahi differ from most other lemuriforms in having a larger promontorial canal than stapedial canal. Furthermore, various lemurids are intraspecifically variable in relative canal size, with the promontorial canal being larger than the stapedial canal in some individuals but not others. In species where the promontorial artery supplies the brain with blood, the size of the promontorial canal is significantly correlated with endocranial volume (ECV). Among species with alternate routes of encephalic blood supply, the promontorial canal is highly reduced relative to ECV, and correlated with both ECV and cranium size. Ancestral state reconstructions incorporating data from fossils suggest that the last common ancestor of living primates had promontorial and stapedial canals that were similar to each other in size and large relative to ECV. We conclude that the plesiomorphic condition for crown primates is to have a patent promontorial artery supplying the brain and a patent stapedial artery for various non-encephalic structures. This inferred ancestral condition is exhibited by treeshrews and most early fossil euprimates, while extant primates exhibit reduction in one canal or another. The only early fossils deviating from this plesiomorphic condition are Adapis parisiensis with a reduced promontorial canal, and Rooneyia and Mahgarita with reduced stapedial canals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
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27. Research Data from University of Medicine and Pharmacy Carol Davila Bucharest Update Understanding of Hearing Loss (Persistent Stapedial Artery, Oval Window Atresia and Congenital Stapes Agenesis-Case Report).
- Abstract
Angiology, Audiology, Ear Diseases and Conditions, Health and Medicine, Hearing Diseases and Conditions, Hearing Disorders, Hearing Loss, Nervous System Diseases and Conditions, Neurologic Manifestations, Otolaryngology, Sensation Disorders, Stapedial Artery Keywords: Angiology; Audiology; Ear Diseases and Conditions; Health and Medicine; Hearing Diseases and Conditions; Hearing Disorders; Hearing Loss; Nervous System Diseases and Conditions; Neurologic Manifestations; Otolaryngology; Sensation Disorders; Stapedial Artery EN Angiology Audiology Ear Diseases and Conditions Health and Medicine Hearing Diseases and Conditions Hearing Disorders Hearing Loss Nervous System Diseases and Conditions Neurologic Manifestations Otolaryngology Sensation Disorders Stapedial Artery 700 700 1 04/10/23 20230410 NES 230410 2023 APR 16 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Medical Devices & Surgical Technology Week -- Investigators publish new report on hearing loss. [Extracted from the article]
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- 2023
28. The stapes of stem and extinct Marsupialia: implications for the ancestral condition
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Analía M. Forasiepi, Ross D. E. MacPhee, and Charlène Gaillard
- Subjects
Borhyaena ,royalty.order_of_chivalry ,Paleontology ,Sparassodonta ,royalty ,Anatomy ,Biology ,biology.organism_classification ,Caenolestes ,Footplate ,Paucituberculata ,Stapedial Artery ,Foramen ,Stapes - Abstract
This paper describes, for the first time, the stapedes of several non-marsupial species of the metatherian clade Sparassodonta (Sipalocyon gracilis, Arctodictis sinclairi, and Borhyaena tuberata) which were fortuitously encountered during routine microtomography. To augment our comparative set we also scanned and reconstructed single examples of the stapedes of the fossil taxa Sparassocynus bahiai and Thylophorops cf. T. chapalmalensis (Didelphimorphia), Argyrolagus scagliai (?Paucituberculata), as well as single examples drawn from extant members of Caenolestidae (Caenolestes sp.) and Microbiotheriidae (Dromiciops gliroides). The sparassodont, didelphid, and microbiotherian samples exhibit a common bauplan (stapes triangular, with intracrural foramen), whereas the paucituberculatan samples differ in possessing columelliform, imperforate stapes as also previously reported for various australidelphians. The stapedial footplate is rounded in sparassodonts (stapedial ratio, ∼1.6), in both of the fossil didelphimorphians (∼1.7), and in the fossil ?paucituberculatan (∼1.5). According to our optimization of our results of mammalian phylogeny, and in contrast to some other reconstructions, a triangular stapes with intracrural foramen and rounded footplate is likely the ancestral condition for Marsupialia. No particular function can be correlated with possession of the intracrural foramen as opposed to an imperforate stapes, apart from accommodation of the proximal stapedial artery (as seen also in many eutherians). The frequent presence of the intracrural foramen in members of both infraclasses suggests that the ontogenies of the second arch's blood supply (stapedial artery) and its main skeletal element (stapes) have remained strongly integrated throughout therian evolution, even in cases in which the proximal part of the vessel involutes.
- Published
- 2021
29. Design-Dependent Calculation of the Prosthesis Length in Malleostapedotomy.
- Author
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Kaftan, Holger, Blaurock, Markus, and Kaftan, Silke
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- *
EAR anatomy , *STAPEDIUS muscle , *ACADEMIC medical centers , *ARTERIES , *OTOSCLEROSIS , *TOMOGRAPHY , *SURGERY ,RESEARCH evaluation - Abstract
Objective:The results of a recently published micro-CT study suggested a correlation of the distance between long incus process and stapes footplate and the required prosthesis length in malleostapedotomy. The goal of this study was to test the reliability of that assumption.Methods:Rectangular and bent prostheses were tested in 11 cadaveric human temporal bone specimens; 1 of them showed a stapedial artery. Prosthesis length was calculated based on the distance between long incus process and stapes footplate. The rate of acceptable prosthesis insertion into the vestibule was investigated.Results:In both prostheses designs, the insertion depth into the vestibule did not exceed 1.0 mm. Two prostheses did not pass the footplate level in bent prostheses (18%) and 1 in rectangular prostheses (9%).Conclusion:A rough estimation of the required prosthesis length in malleostapedotomy seems possible if the distance between long incus process and stapes footplate is known and a design-dependent equation exists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2015
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30. A symptomatic atherosclerotic persistent pharyngo-hyo-stapedial artery: Treatment management and embryological considerations
- Author
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Federico Cagnazzo, Cyril Dargazanli, Imad Derraz, Pierre-Henri Lefevre, Riccardo Zannoni, Vincent Costalat, Alain Bonafe, Carlos Riquelme, Gegory Gascou, Département de Neuroradiologie[Montpellier], Hôpital Gui de Chauliac [Montpellier]-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier)-Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Institut des Neurosciences de Montpellier - Déficits sensoriels et moteurs (INM), and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM)
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Embryology ,Computed Tomography Angiography ,medicine.medical_treatment ,External carotid artery ,0302 clinical medicine ,Medicine ,MESH: Carotid Artery, External / abnormalities ,Computed tomography angiography ,0303 health sciences ,education.field_of_study ,Stapedial artery ,Ischemic stroke ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,Ascending pharyngeal artery ,Arteries ,Middle Aged ,3. Good health ,030301 anatomy & morphology ,Ischemic Attack, Transient ,Stapedial Artery ,Carotid Artery, External ,MESH: Ischemic Attack, Transient / diagnostic imaging ,Cardiology ,Female ,Stents ,Internal carotid artery ,Anatomy ,MESH: Arteries / embryology ,Carotid Artery, Internal ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Population ,MESH: Carotid Artery, Internal / abnormalities ,03 medical and health sciences ,medicine.artery ,Internal medicine ,[INFO.INFO-IM]Computer Science [cs]/Medical Imaging ,Humans ,education ,business.industry ,MESH: Arteries / abnormalities ,Angiography, Digital Subtraction ,Digital subtraction angiography ,Stapes ,MESH: Computed Tomography Angiography ,MESH: Stapes / blood supply ,Carotid stenting ,business ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,[SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology - Abstract
International audience; The stapedial artery (SA) is an embryonic vessel connecting the internal carotid artery (ICA) to the branches of the future external carotid artery (ECA). It passes through the primordium of the stapes that progressively develops around the SA. Normally, SA disappears during the tenth week in utero. Approximately 0.4% of the population can have a persistent SA. It can persist as four types of embryological variations, of which the pharyngo-hyo-stapedial variant has been rarely described before. We reported a case of a 61-year-old woman presented with transient ischemic attacks (TIAs). Computed tomography angiography showed an unusual “duplicated” aspect of the left ICA. Digital subtraction angiography depicted a persistent pharyngo-hyo-stapedial artery with an atherosclerotic wall and was considered the cause of the TIAs. After failure of the antiplatelet therapy in preventing recurrent TIAs, stenting of the artery was planned and successfully performed. Patient was asymptomatic during 12-month follow-up. The pharyngo-hyo-stapedial artery is a very rare variation in which the SA is supplied by the inferior tympanic (rising from the ascending pharyngeal artery) and the hyoid artery (rising from the ICA). To our knowledge, this is a unique case of a pharyngo-hyo-stapedial artery in a patient presenting associated ischemic symptoms. Radiological and embryological findings are discussed.
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- 2020
31. Stapes surgery with a persistent stapedial artery
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Amy E. Schettino, Seilesh Babu, Pedrom C. Sioshansi, Christopher A. Schutt, Elias M. Michaelides, Dennis I. Bojrab, and Alexander L. Luryi
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Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Hearing loss ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Stapes Surgery ,Neurotology ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Bone conduction ,Hearing ,medicine ,Humans ,030223 otorhinolaryngology ,Aged ,Retrospective Studies ,business.industry ,Arteries ,Stapedectomy ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Stapes ,Surgery ,Persistent stapedial artery ,Facial Nerve ,Otosclerosis ,Treatment Outcome ,Otorhinolaryngology ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Stapedial Artery ,Cauterization ,Female ,medicine.symptom ,business - Abstract
Purpose To review surgical outcomes of stapes surgery for otosclerosis with persistence of the stapedial artery. Materials and methods A retrospective case review of a tertiary neurotology referral center of patient with otosclerosis undergoing primary stapes surgery between 2010 and 2017 found to have a persistent stapedial artery. Stapedectomy was performed with or without cauterization of the stapedial artery. The primary outcome measures include pre- and postoperative hearing as well complications. Hearing was measured by air conduction (AC) and bone conduction (BC) pure-tone averages (PTA), air-bone gap (ABG), and word recognition scores (WRS). Neurologic complications, including facial nerve function, were assessed. Results Four patients out of 853 with otosclerosis undergoing stapedectomy were found to have a persistence of the stapedial artery. Mean AC PTA was 55 dB preoperatively, and 24 dB postoperatively (p = .0041), while the ABG improved on average from 31 dB to 6 dB (p = .0014). Mean follow-up time was 32 months, and there were no significant complications. Facial nerve function was preserved in all patients (House-Brackmann grade I/VI). Conclusions In the case of a persistent stapedial artery, excellent hearing outcomes are achievable for otosclerosis via stapedectomy without an apparent increased risk of neurologic complication.
- Published
- 2020
32. Anatomic and Embryologic Analysis of the Dural Branches of the Ophthalmic Artery
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Thomas Robert, Gabriele Ciccio, Sara Bonasia, and Stanislas Smajda
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business.industry ,Middle meningeal artery ,Adult Brain ,Anatomy ,Anastomosis ,030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging ,03 medical and health sciences ,Ophthalmic Artery ,0302 clinical medicine ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Ophthalmic artery ,medicine.artery ,Stapedial Artery ,medicine ,Humans ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,Neurology (clinical) ,Craniofacial ,business ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Artery - Abstract
SUMMARY: The ophthalmic artery has one of the most fascinating embryologic developments among the craniofacial arteries. Most of the ophthalmic artery orbital branches develop from the formation and regression of the stapedial artery and share their origin with dural branches of the ophthalmic artery. The concomitant embryologic development of the ophthalmic artery and middle meningeal artery explains adequately the important varieties of anastomosis between these 2 arteries. It also explains the presence of many dural branches from the ophthalmic artery. In this review, we focused on dural branches of the ophthalmic artery with the description of rare variations possible, in particular the ophthalmic artery origin of the middle meningeal artery and the ophthalmic artery origin of the marginal tentorial artery.
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- 2020
33. Stapedial Artery: From Embryology to Different Possible Adult Configurations
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Sara Bonasia, Stanislas Smajda, Thomas Robert, and Gabriele Ciccio
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System development ,business.industry ,Middle meningeal artery ,Anatomic Variation ,Anatomy ,Trunk ,Meningeal Arteries ,030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging ,03 medical and health sciences ,Ophthalmic Artery ,0302 clinical medicine ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,medicine.artery ,Ophthalmic artery ,Embryology ,Stapedial Artery ,medicine ,Trigeminal artery ,Humans ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,Neurology (clinical) ,business ,Head & Neck ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
The stapedial artery is an embryonic artery that represents the precursor of some orbital, dural, and maxillary branches. Although its embryologic development and transformations are very complex, it is mandatory to understand the numerous anatomic variations of the middle meningeal artery. Thus, in the first part of this review, we describe in detail the hyostapedial system development with its variants, referring also to some critical points of ICA, ophthalmic artery, trigeminal artery, and inferolateral trunk embryology. This basis will allow the understanding of the anatomic variants of the middle meningeal artery, which we address in the second part of the review.
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- 2020
34. Bilateral persistent stapedial arteries associated with unilateral moyamoya disease: a particular anatomic variant
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Gabriele Ciccio, Alessio Chiappini, Stanislas Smajda, and Thomas Robert
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Adult ,Male ,Middle meningeal artery ,Pathology and Forensic Medicine ,Anatomic variant ,medicine.artery ,medicine ,Humans ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,Moyamoya disease ,business.industry ,Patient affected ,Anatomic Variation ,Angiography, Digital Subtraction ,Anatomy ,Cerebral Arteries ,medicine.disease ,Meningeal Arteries ,Persistent stapedial artery ,Embryology ,Stapedial Artery ,Carotid Artery, External ,Surgery ,Internal carotid artery ,Moyamoya Disease ,business ,Carotid Artery, Internal - Abstract
The persistence of the stapedial artery is a rare vascular variant that could explain the origin of the middle meningeal artery from the petrous segment of the internal carotid artery. The anatomic variations are illustrated and a summary of the possible hypothesis of the origin of the middle meningeal artery from the internal carotid artery is discussed, analysing the embryological works of the Carnegie Institute and the vascular development of the middle meningeal. The authors present a young patient showing a particular vascular variant on diagnostic imaging. These showed a bilateral internal carotid artery that gives origin of the middle meningeal artery in a patient affected by moyamoya disease. A literature review was performed to analyze the particular variant of the radiologic anatomy. The internal carotid artery origin of the middle meningeal artery is a wonderful anatomic variant that permits to understand the complex embryological development and then involution of the stapedial artery.
- Published
- 2020
35. Anomalous origin of the middle meningeal artery from the inferolateral trunk with an arterial circle around a hypoplastic internal carotid artery in an infant with a dural arteriovenous fistula
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O. Ganslandt, Hans Henkes, U Quäschling, Victoria Hellstern, M. Aguilar Pérez, and Muhammad AlMatter
- Subjects
Middle meningeal artery ,Arterial circle ,Medizin ,Arteriovenous fistula ,03 medical and health sciences ,Ophthalmic Artery ,0302 clinical medicine ,medicine.artery ,medicine ,Humans ,Central Nervous System Vascular Malformations ,0303 health sciences ,business.industry ,Angiography, Digital Subtraction ,Infant ,Anatomy ,medicine.disease ,Trunk ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,Cerebral Angiography ,030301 anatomy & morphology ,Ophthalmic artery ,Stapedial Artery ,Female ,Internal carotid artery ,business ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Carotid Artery, Internal ,Superior sagittal sinus ,Anatomical Variation - Abstract
Deviations from normal embryologic development can manifest in different anatomical variants of the ophthalmic artery. We present a case of an infant treated for a high-flow dural arteriovenous fistula of the superior sagittal sinus, in whom an arterial circle involving the ophthalmic artery, the middle meningeal artery, the inferolateral trunk and a hypoplastic segment of the internal carotid artery was found. The embryologic development is briefly reviewed with emphasis on the possible genesis of this interesting constellation.
- Published
- 2020
36. Persistent stapedial arteries in human: from phylogeny to surgical consequences.
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Hitier, Martin, Zhang, M., Labrousse, M., Barbier, C., Patron, V., and Moreau, S.
- Subjects
- *
PHYLOGENY , *SPECIES , *MENINGEAL artery , *CAROTID artery , *DEAFNESS , *VERTEBRATES - Abstract
The stapedial artery is an embryonic artery which disappears during the tenth week in utero, in human species. During its short life, this artery shapes the stapes and transforms the middle meningeal artery from the internal carotid artery to a branch of the external carotid system. Nevertheless, a persistent stapedial artery is seen in 0.2–4.8 per thousand of human adults. This persistence is usually asymptomatic but can sometimes cause pulsatile tinnitus or conductive hearing loss. Despite the risk of facial palsy, hearing loss and even hemiplegia argued by several authors, some surgeons have succeeded in coagulation without side effects. Reviewing the literature, we seek to enlighten the actual knowledge about the persistent stapedial artery to evaluate the risk to coagulate it. Embryologic studies explain the four types of persistent stapedial arteries: the hyoido-stapedial artery, the pharyngo-stapedial artery, the pharyngo-hyo-stapedial artery and aberrant internal carotid with persistent stapedial artery. Phylogenetic studies show that the stapedial artery persists in adulthood in many vertebrates. Its disappearance is therefore either a random effect or an adaptative convergence. This adaptation could be partially linked to the negative allometry of the stapes. Practically, the risk to coagulate a stapedial artery seems limited thanks to anastomoses, for example with the stylomastoid artery. The risk of hemiplegia reported is in fact an extrapolation of variation in rats’ embryos. A persistent stapedial artery can therefore reasonably be coagulated, with special attention to the facial nerve, because the facial canal is always dehiscent where the artery penetrates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2013
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37. Mouse cochleostomy: A minimally invasive dorsal approach for modeling cochlear implantation.
- Author
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Soken, Hakan, Robinson, Barbara K., Goodman, Shawn S., Abbas, Paul J., Hansen, Marlan R., and Kopelovich, Jonathan C.
- Abstract
Objectives/Hypothesis The murine model has been used extensively to model and study human deafness. Technical difficulty in the surgical approach due to the small size of the tympanic bulla and a robust stapedial artery has limited its application for studies of cochlear implantation and electrical stimulation. We describe a minimally traumatic, stapedial artery-sparing approach to the round window that may be used to access the mouse cochlea for acute or chronic studies of implantation and stimulation. Study Design Animal model. Methods Fifteen C57BL6J mice were used to validate this approach. Auditory brainstem response threshold and distortion product otoacoustic emissions were obtained preoperatively and 2 weeks postoperatively to determine hearing preservation results. Results The approach provided excellent exposure for round-window implantation. Substantial hearing was preserved in all animals with a mean postimplantation auditory brainstem response threshold increase of 27.8 dB. Otoacoustic emissions were lost in subjects with the largest threshold shifts. Conclusions Residual hearing after cochlear implantation is a determinant of success both with standard cochlear implant electrodes and with electrodes designed to optimize hearing preservation. Here, we have preserved usable hearing after implantation of C57BL6J mice, an endogenous model of human presbycusia. The murine model may become a powerful tool to assay the effects of cochlear intervention in different genetic backgrounds. Laryngoscope, 123:E109-E115, 2013 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2013
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38. Two Consecutive Cases of Persistent Stapedial Artery Managed With a Carbon Dioxide Laser
- Author
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Shawn M. Stevens, Zoe A Walters, Ravi N. Samy, and Kareem O. Tawfik
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Microsurgery ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Adolescent ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Hearing Loss, Conductive ,Stapes Surgery ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,otorhinolaryngologic diseases ,medicine ,Humans ,030223 otorhinolaryngology ,Retrospective Studies ,Cholesteatoma, Middle Ear ,business.industry ,Cholesteatoma ,Arteries ,Stapedius ,General Medicine ,Carbon dioxide laser ,medicine.disease ,Surgery ,Persistent stapedial artery ,Otorhinolaryngology ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Stapedial Artery ,Lasers, Gas ,Female ,Laser microsurgery ,Laser Therapy ,Tomography, X-Ray Computed ,business - Abstract
Objective: (1) Discuss the presentation and management of persistent stapedial artery (PSA) discovered incidentally during cholesteatoma surgery. (2) Review use of carbon dioxide (CO2) laser for treatment of PSA in the setting of chronic ear disease. Patients: Two consecutive patients with PSA and primary acquired cholesteatoma. Intervention(s): Tympanomastoidectomy using a canal wall reconstruction technique. Main Outcome Measure(s): Surgical healing, collateral damage to surrounding anatomy, and postoperative hearing. Results: Persistent stapedial artery was detected incidentally in 2 patients, manifesting with heavy pulsatile bleeding arising during dissection of mesotympanic cholesteatoma. Preoperative computed tomography scans demonstrated absent foramen spinosum but no other aberrant vascular anatomy. Using CO2 laser, the PSAs were ablated and controlled, allowing complete resection of cholesteatoma and successful completion of the procedure. In both patients, surrounding anatomical structures suffered no iatrogenic injury. Postoperatively, no significant complications occurred. To date, neither patient has demonstrated evidence of recidivistic cholesteatoma. Conclusions: A CO2 laser can be useful for managing a PSA in the setting of chronic ear disease.
- Published
- 2017
39. Osteological and vascular morphology and electrolyte homeostasis of sea turtles.
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Yoshida M, Motokawa M, and Endo H
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- Animals, Arteries anatomy & histology, Electrolytes, Homeostasis, Skull anatomy & histology, Turtles anatomy & histology
- Abstract
Sea turtles have well developed lacrimal glands for their electrolyte homeostasis. In turtles, stapedial artery and palatine artery send branches to supply orbital region, but supply artery for lacrimal glands was not identified. Micro-CT scans showed dorsoventrally large lacrimal glands of sea turtle are supplied by both stapedial artery and palatine artery. The circulatory pattern in cranial region was reconstructed based on the micro-CT scans, showing that sea turtle has basically similar pattern with the common snapping turtle: stapedial artery supplies orbital region and mandibular artery is ramified from stapedial artery. We also investigate the foramen stapedio-temporalis in turtles using osteological specimens. The foramen stapedio-temporalis, where the stapedial artery passes through, has different size among four families of turtles. We compared the sum of cross sections of left and right foramen stapedio-temporalis since homeostasis of one individual is maintained by a pair of lacrimal glands. The size difference may reflect primarily the share of stapedial artery against palatine artery in cranial circulation pattern and blood supply of orbital regions. Our observations confirmed a significantly larger cross-section in the foramen stapedio-temporalis of sea turtles than other freshwater/terrestrial turtles. Since the circulatory pattern is shared, the size difference of foramen stapedio-temporalis reflects the amount of arterial blood supply to lacrimal glands. Therefore, the size of the foramen stapedio-temporalis may indicate marine adaptation of turtles and are applicable to both fossil and osteological specimens.
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- 2022
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40. Aberrant petrous internal carotid artery with cochlear anomaly-an unusual association.
- Author
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Saini, Jitender, Kesavadas, Chandrasekharan, Thomas, Bejoy, and Arvinda, H. R.
- Subjects
- *
MAGNETIC resonance imaging , *CROSS-sectional imaging , *DIAGNOSTIC imaging , *MEDICAL radiography ,ARTERIAL abnormalities - Abstract
The magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in a female patient who presented with headache and hearing loss revealed aberrant course of the petrous segment of internal carotid artery (ICA). Computed tomography (CT) of the temporal bone done to confirm the findings of MRI revealed aberrant course of right ICA, a persistent stapedial artery (PSA) and absent foramen spinosum on the same side. In addition patient had a cystic cochleovestibular anomaly on the right side with both conditions may probably be contributing to her hearing loss. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2008
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41. Response of cochlear blood flow to prostaglandin E 1 applied topically to the round window.
- Author
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Tominaga, Mitsuo, Yamamoto, Hiroshi, Sone, Michihiko, Teranishi, Masa-Aki, and Nakashima, Tsutomu
- Subjects
- *
PROSTAGLANDIN E1 , *PHARMACODYNAMICS , *BLOOD circulation , *COCHLEA , *BLOOD flow , *ARTERIAL occlusions - Abstract
Conclusions . The increase in cochlear blood flow (CBF) after administration of prostaglandin E 1 (PGE 1 ) to the round window depends on increased blood flow through the anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA). Objectives . To evaluate the response of CBF to PGE 1 applied topically to the round window, and to investigate the origin of blood flow changes after this topical application. Material and methods . The response of CBF to topically applied PGE 1 was measured by placing the tip of a laser Doppler probe on the bony wall of the basal turn of the cochlea after the middle ear mucosa over the cochlea had been removed in guinea pigs and rats. In rats, the CBF response to PGE 1 administration was investigated after occlusion of the AICA or stapedial artery. Results . CBF increased following PGE 1 administration in both guinea pigs and rats. In rats, CBF increased from 100% to 132%±10% (mean±SD) after the topical application of 0.5?µl of a 0.014% PGE 1 solution. CBF decreased after occlusion of the AICA or stapedial artery but did not increase after PGE 1 administration during occlusion of the AICA. The CBF response to PGE 1 administration was similar before and after occlusion of the stapedial artery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2006
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42. A middle meningeal artery which arises from the internal carotid artery in which the first branchial artery participates.
- Author
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Kawai, Katsushi, Yoshinaga, Kazuya, Koizumi, Masahiro, Honma, Satoru, Tokiyoshi, Akinari, and Kodama, Kodo
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CAROTID artery ,JUGULAR vein ,MENINGEAL artery ,DISSECTION - Abstract
Summary: A middle meningeal artery arising from the internal carotid artery was found in the right half of the head of an 85-year-old male cadaver during student dissection practice. It arose from the lateral aspect of the internal carotid artery in the carotid canal, arrived at the foramen lacerum after running forward. It then ran backward under the trigeminal ganglion and took the usual course after passing its posterior margin. On one hand, the maxillary artery did not issue the middle meningeal artery, gave off only a small twig supplying the lateral pterygoid muscle at the corresponding position. It was corroborated by the fact that the foramen spinosum was absent in this example. During usual development, the middle meningeal artery primarily springs from the supraorbital branch of the stapedial artery that arises from the dorsal part of the second branchial artery. Later, by the formation of the external carotid artery connecting with the common trunk of the infraorbital and mandibular branches (maxillomandibular division) of the stapedial artery and by the atrophy of the proximal part of it, the middle meningeal artery is finally supplied by the external carotid artery. But in this example, it is supposed that the middle meningeal artery arose from a more distal position of the internal carotid artery owing to the persistence of the anastomosis between the dorsal part of the first branchial artery and the supraorbital branch and the interruption of the connection between the supraorbital branch and maxillomandibular division of the stapedial artery. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2006
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43. Retroauricular Approach for Targeted Cochlear Therapy Experiments in Wistar Albino Rats
- Author
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Emre Ocak, Gülşah Kaygusuz, Selcuk Mulazimoglu, and Mustafa Kürşat Gökcan
- Subjects
Xylazine ,inner ear ,anatomy ,Turkey ,lcsh:Medicine ,Wistar albino rats,inner ear,anatomy,operative surgical procedure ,Bioinformatics ,03 medical and health sciences ,Blister ,0302 clinical medicine ,Temporal bone ,medicine ,Animals ,Hypnotics and Sedatives ,Anesthesia ,Inner ear ,Rats, Wistar ,Hearing Loss ,030223 otorhinolaryngology ,Cochlea ,Anesthetics, Dissociative ,business.industry ,lcsh:R ,General Medicine ,Anatomy ,Wistar albino rats ,Trunk ,Facial nerve ,Rats ,Dissection ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,operative surgical procedure ,Stapedial Artery ,Ketamine ,Original Article ,business ,Bulla (amulet) ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
Background: As the idea of stem cell technology in the treatment of sensorial hearing loss has emerged over the past decades, the need for in vivo models for related experiments has become explicit. One of the most common experimental models for inner ear stem cell delivery experiments is the Wistar albino rat. Aims: To investigate the surgical anatomy of the temporal bone of the Wistar albino rat with respect to the dissection steps, operative techniques and potential pitfalls of surgery. Study Design: Animal experimentation. Methods: Adult Wistar albino rats were operated on via the retroauricular approach under an operation microscope. The anatomy of the temporal bone, the surgical route to the temporal bulla and the inner ear were investigated. Technical details of surgical steps, complications and potential pitfalls during the surgery were noted. Results: The study group consisted of 40 adult Wistar albino rats. The mean times to reach the bulla and to achieve cochleostomy were 4.3 (2-13 min) and 7.5 min (3.5-22 min), respectively. The mean width of the facial nerve was 0.84 mm (0.42-1.25 mm). The stapedial artery lay nearly perpendicular to the course of the facial nerve (88-93 °C). There were three major complications: two large cochleostomies and one massive bleed from the stapedial artery. Conclusion: The facial nerve was the key anatomical landmark in locating the bulla. By retrograde tracing of the facial nerve, it was possible to find the bulla ventral (inferior) to the main trunk. The facial nerve trunk was the upper limit when drilling the bulla. By dissecting the main trunk of the facial nerve and retracting cranially, a large drilling space could be achieved. Our results suggest that the retroauricular approach is an effective, feasible route for inner ear drug delivery experiments in Wistar albino rats.
- Published
- 2017
44. Cochlear implantation in rats: A new surgical approach
- Author
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Lu, Wei, Xu, Jin, and Shepherd, Robert K.
- Subjects
- *
COCHLEAR implants , *ELECTRIC stimulation , *HEARING aids , *BRAIN stem , *BLOOD vessels , *SURGERY - Abstract
Abstract: The laboratory rat has been used extensively in auditory research but has had limited use in cochlear implant related research due mainly to the surgically restricted access to the scala tympani. We have developed a new surgical method for cochlear implantation in rats. The key to this protocol was cauterizing the stapedial artery (SA) and making a small cochleostomy near the round window in order to enlarge the surgical access to the scala tympani. Five normal hearing Hooded Wistar rats were used to investigate the effect of cauterizing the SA on hearing and auditory nerve survival. Results showed that cauterizing the SA was surgically feasible, afforded excellent exposure of the round window niche for cochleostomy, and did not adversely affect acoustic thresholds measured electrophysiologically. Moreover, there was no difference in spiral ganglion cell densities for any cochlear turn when compared with the contralateral control ears. Three deafened rats were subsequently implanted with a scala tympani electrode array using this new surgical approach. Electrically evoked auditory brainstem responses using bipolar stimulation, and subsequent cochlear histopathology demonstrated that cochlear implantation using a custom-made rat electrode array was safe and effective. The surgical approach presented in this paper presents a safe and effective procedure for acute or chronic cochlear implantation in the rat model. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2005
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45. Contribution of stapedial artery to blood flow in the cochlea and its surrounding bone
- Author
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Yamamoto, Hiroshi, Tominaga, Mitsuo, Sone, Michihiko, and Nakashima, Tsutomu
- Subjects
- *
LASER Doppler blood flowmetry , *BLOOD flow , *ARTERIES , *LABORATORY rats - Abstract
This study was performed to elucidate the contribution of the stapedial artery (SA) – which has been considered to be independent of the vertebrobasilar system – to blood flow in the ear by observing ear blood flow in Sprague–Dawley rats. A laser-Doppler (LD) probe was positioned on the bony wall of the cochlear basal turn after removal of the middle ear mucosa. The LD output was measured while either or both the SA and the anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA) were occluded. The LD output decreased to 70.6±2.5% (mean±S.D.) of the baseline value following SA occlusion, and to 58.0±7.8% following AICA occlusion in 12 animals. The rebound phenomenon of blood flow, which is a type of autoregulation, was only observed after releasing AICA occlusion. Simultaneous occlusion of the SA and AICA decreased the LD output to 27.0±5.5% of the baseline value. The role of the contribution of the SA and AICA to the LD output is discussed. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2003
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. The Human Anterior Tympanic Artery.
- Author
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Wasicky, Richard and Pretterklieber, Michael L.
- Subjects
- *
ARTERIES , *CAROTID artery , *LATERAL dominance , *BLOOD vessels - Abstract
The variability of the origin of the anterior tympanic artery was investigated in 104 individuals of both sexes. A surprising laterality was found: thus, while the left anterior tympanic artery originated as a singular vessel from either the maxillary or the superficial temporal artery with almost equal frequencies (44.7 and 45.9%, respectively), the right anterior tympanic artery predominantly branched off from the maxillary artery (77.8% of cases). Besides the origin from either the maxillary artery or the superficial temporal artery, also anterior tympanic arteries branching off from the external carotid artery were found to occur (4% on the left and 1% on the right side). Although in the majority of individuals, a singular anterior tympanic artery occurred within the infratemporal fossa, duplications of the anterior tympanic artery were found to be present: in one case on the right and in 8 cases on their left side. In 1 female individual, a triplet of left anterior tympanic arteries was found to supply the tympanic cavity. Also in these cases, the anterior tympanic artery arose from either the external carotid, the superficial temporal or the maxillary artery. In singular cases, even several other branches of the maxillary artery, viz. the deep auricular, middle, and accessory meningeal, as well as the posterior deep temporal, inferior alveolar and masseteric arteries were found to form common trunks with the anterior tympanic artery.Copyright © 2000 S. Karger AG, Basel [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2000
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Functional Morphology of the Ear of the Lesser Bamboo Rat (Cannomys badius)
- Author
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Thanakul Wannaprasert
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,0301 basic medicine ,Ossicles ,biology ,Anatomy ,biology.organism_classification ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,03 medical and health sciences ,030104 developmental biology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Stapedial Artery ,otorhinolaryngologic diseases ,medicine ,Outer ear ,Middle ear ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Inner ear ,sense organs ,Lesser bamboo rat ,Eardrum ,Cochlea - Abstract
The outer, middle, and inner ears were studied in the lesser bamboo rat (Cannomys badius), a subterranean rodent in Indochina. Stereoscopic dissection and micro-computed tomography were used. The middle ear of the bamboo rat was characterized by a round eardrum without pars flaccida, “freely mobile” ossicles with a reduced transversal lamina and no orbicular apophysis, an enlarged stapedial footplate, absence of the stapedial artery, no unusual inflated bulla and retention of middle-ear muscles. The inner ear exhibited an elongated and highly coiled cochlea. Some features are associated with improved low-frequency hearing but decreased hearing sensitivity, as seen in other subterranean species. Hearing frequency limits calculated based on the middle ear dimensions were 0.5–40 kHz with best sensitivity at 6–8 kHz. It seems that the ear morphology and hearing ability of the lesser bamboo rat are typically adapted for underground habitat, even though some structures deviate from the pattern of subt...
- Published
- 2016
48. Anatomy of the Ophthalmic Artery: Embryological Consideration
- Author
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Naoki Toma
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Dorsum ,anatomy ,External carotid artery ,Review Article ,stapedial artery ,Anastomosis ,03 medical and health sciences ,Ophthalmic Artery ,0302 clinical medicine ,medicine.artery ,primitive maxillary artery ,medicine ,embryology ,Humans ,business.industry ,Anatomy ,Ophthalmic artery ,Embryology ,Stapedial Artery ,Surgery ,030101 anatomy & morphology ,Neurology (clinical) ,Internal carotid artery ,business ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
There are considerable variations in the anatomy of the human ophthalmic artery (OphA), such as anomalous origins of the OphA and anastomoses between the OphA and the adjacent arteries. These anatomical variations seem to attribute to complex embryology of the OphA. In human embryos and fetuses, primitive dorsal and ventral ophthalmic arteries (PDOphA and PVOphA) form the ocular branches, and the supraorbital division of the stapedial artery forms the orbital branches of the OphA, and then numerous anastomoses between the internal carotid artery (ICA) and the external carotid artery (ECA) systems emerge in connection with the OphA. These developmental processes can produce anatomical variations of the OphA, and we should notice these variations for neurosurgical and neurointerventional procedures.
- Published
- 2016
49. Anomalous vessel in the middle ear: the role of CT and MR angiography.
- Author
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Caldas, J. G. M. P., Iffenecker, C., Attal, P., Lasjaunias, P., and Doyon, D.
- Abstract
An 8-year-old child was examined because of conductive hearing loss with a retrotympanic mass on otoscopy. CT and MR angiography showed a large inferior tympanic artery traversing the hypotympanum and joining a thin, irregular internal carotid artery with a normal middle meningeal artery. These investigations, coupled with knowledge of the embryological development allowed a diagnosis of a complex vascular anomaly in the middle ear and avoided potential surgical complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1998
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Trifurcated external carotid artery and complete gamma-loop of its maxillary branch
- Author
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Nicoleta Măru, Petrinel Mugurel Rădoi, Dănuţ Dincă, and Mugurel Constantin Rusu
- Subjects
Computed Tomography Angiography ,Middle meningeal artery ,Iohexol ,External carotid artery ,Contrast Media ,Mandible ,Maxillary Artery ,Inferior alveolar nerve ,Lateral pterygoid muscle ,Pathology and Forensic Medicine ,03 medical and health sciences ,Imaging, Three-Dimensional ,stomatognathic system ,medicine.artery ,medicine ,Humans ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,Aged ,0303 health sciences ,business.industry ,Infratemporal fossa ,Anatomic Variation ,food and beverages ,Maxillary artery ,Intracranial Aneurysm ,Pterygoid Muscles ,Anatomy ,Superficial temporal artery ,Meningeal Arteries ,Cerebral Angiography ,Temporal Arteries ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,030301 anatomy & morphology ,Stapedial Artery ,Carotid Artery, External ,Radiographic Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted ,Surgery ,Female ,business - Abstract
The external carotid artery (ECA) normally bifurcates terminally with the superficial temporal artery (STA) and the maxillary artery (MA). From the horizontally coursing, mandibular segment of the MA leaves the middle meningeal artery (MMA). We hereby report a previously unknown anatomic possibility, incidentally found during an angio-CT scan in an adult female patient. Unilaterally, the ECA was terminally trifurcated, sending off the MA, STA, and MMA. On that side, the mandibular segment of the MA had a gamma-loop and the contralateral one had a U-loop; both these loops were inferior to the lateral pterygoid muscle, closely approaching the respective lingula of the mandible. These findings are relevant during surgery of the parotid gland and infratemporal fossa, approaches of the MMA, and inferior alveolar nerve blocks. The modified origin of the MMA could be explained by an altered development of the primitive stapedial artery.
- Published
- 2018
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