Search

This study reports on several classification issues utilizing the Children's Depression Inventory (CDI), the Child Behavior Checklist-Teacher Form (CBCL-T), and the Peer Nomination Inventory of Depression (PNID). The first sample contained 752 public school children in grades 5, 6, and 9. A second sample of 142 fifth-graders was included to have an additional PNID comparison group. Results revealed moderate correlations between the CDI and the CBCL-T and PNID. Use of multiple criteria for selecting children as depressed was discussed, and selection rates using multiple measures with either strict or lenient cutoff scores were given. Normative data on the PNID were evaluated, and it was suggested that norms for the PNID may not be generalizable to other samples. Finally, race and gender analyses showed that CDI scores for females were significantly higher than for males, whereas CDI scores for Hispanics were significantly higher than for non-Hispanic whites. However, Omega-squared analyses for these two variables showed this to be of little practical significance.

Background: Many different sedation concepts for magnetic resonance imaging have been described for prematurely and term‐born infants, ranging from "no sedation" to general anesthesia. Dexmedetomidine is an alpha‐2 receptor agonist that is frequently used to sedate older children, because the anesthesiologist can easily adjust sedation depth, the patient maintains spontaneous breathing, and awakens rapidly afterwards. Aims: The present study evaluates whether dexmedetomidine could safely be used as the sole sedative for prematurely and term‐born infants less than 60 weeks postconceptional age undergoing diagnostic procedures. Methods: We performed a retrospective monocentric analysis of n = 39 prematurely and term‐born infants (<60 weeks postconceptional age or a body weight <5 kg) who were sedated with dexmedetomidine for an MRI at a German university hospital from August 2016 to November 2018. Results: Successful imaging was achieved in all cases. The median initial bolus of dexmedetomidine administered over 10 min was 1.39 μg kg−1 body weight (range 0.34–3.64 μg kg−1), followed with a continuous infusion at a median rate of 1.00 μg kg−1 h−1 (range 0.5–3.5 μg kg−1 h−1); however, 3 patients (7%) needed some additional sedation (ketamine or propofol). All patients, including 10 infants who had previously required respiratory support, underwent the procedure without any relevant desaturation or apnea. Bradycardia was observed in up to 15 out of 39 cases (38.5%), but only four (10.3% in total and 26.7% of bradycardia) required atropine. Conclusions: These results indicate that dexmedetomidine can be safely used for procedural sedation in the high‐risk cohort of prematurely and term‐born infants less than 60 weeks postconceptional age. Apnea during procedural sedation and subsequent stay in the recovery room is avoided, but bradycardia remains a relevant risk that may require treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It has been suggested that altered processing of emotion during cognitive control plays an important role in the etiology of depressive symptoms. The current study investigates the influence of emotional stimuli on working memory (WM) in adolescents with dysphoric symptomatology (DS). Twenty-five adolescents with DS and 40 adolescents with no dysphoric symptomatology (NDS) completed a memory-guided eye movement task. This task assessed the influence of irrelevant affective information on WM processes during high and low cognitive load. Latency analyses showed that, in the high load WM condition, negative distractors disturbed WM performance in adolescents with NDS, but not in adolescents with DS. Accuracy analyses revealed that adolescents with NDS had higher accuracy rates in the presence of positive distractors relative to negative and neutral distractors, and in comparison to adolescents with DS. The findings indicated altered WM performance in the context of emotional distractors in adolescents with DS and may contribute to theoretical knowledge and early prevention of youth depression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The goal of this study was to test the internal reliability of a Spanish translation of the CDI, (i.e., CDI-LA), a potentially useful screening instrument for Hispanic youngsters in their native language at a primary-care level. Self-reported symptoms of depression were assessed with the CDI-LA in a school sample of 205 Hispanic students. Girls and boys ranging from 8 to 15 years (mean age 11.5±1.9 years) were tested on a designated day. The CDI-LA mean score was 9.7±7.2. Eleven percent of the subjects scored higher than the instruments' cutoff score (CDI ≥ 19), and were considered at risk of clinical depression. Females scored higher than males, and children 8–12 years of age (mean CDI-LA = 8.8, SD = 6.6) had significantly (t = -2.07, 203 df, p<0.05) lower mean CDI-LA total scores compared to those ages 13 or older (mean CDI-LA = 11.0, SD = 7.9). The internal consistency reliability of the CDI-LA was similar to that found in English speaking populations. These results suggest that the general psychometric properties of our Spanish translation of the 10 and 27 item versions of the CDI appear to be adequate according to a Cronbach's coefficient alpha estimate of internal reliability and Spearman correlation coefficient split-half reliability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]