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Ceramic samples of polycomponent solid solutions (SSs) Na0.90K0.05Cd0.05NbO3 (Cd-modified KNN) and [(Na0.90K0.05Cd0.05)0.95REE0.05]NbO3, where REE = La, Pr, Tb, Dy, Ho, were obtained by the uniaxial hot pressing (UHP) method. The crystal lattice structures, morphological features of the microstructure, and dielectric and thermophysical properties of these ceramics have been investigated. For the first time, their strength characteristics (Young’s modulus) and the critical stress intensity factor of the mode I Kic have been estimated. Photoluminescent properties have been compared in SSs [(Na0.90K0.05Cd0.05)0.95REE0.05]NbO3 in the visible wavelength range.

The paper contains an overview of modern spectroscopic methods for studying the local atomic structure of superparamagnetic nanoparticles based on iron oxide (SPIONs), which are an important class of materials promising for theranostics in oncology. Practically important properties of small and ultra small nanoparticles are determined primarily by their shape, size, and features of the local atomic, electronic, and magnetic structures, for the study of which the standard characterization methods developed for macroscopic materials are not optimal. The paper analyzes results of the studies of SPIONs local atomic structure carried out by X-ray absorption spectroscopy at synchrotron radiation sources and Mössbauer spectroscopy during the last decade.