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Cancellocochlea n. gen. Diagnosis. Shell very small, orange brown, biconcave or discoidal/planate with tightly coiled whorls, the last inflated. Protoconch sculpture reticulate (coolongolook) to spiral (heatherae); teleoconch with few sinuate radial ribs; microsculpture cancellate consisting of prominent microradial ribs and low microspiral cords, beaded at their intersection. Aperture narrowly to broadly ovately-lunate. Umbilicus wide U-shaped to wide cup-shaped. Penis tubular with an apical verge that has a lateral pore; longitudinal ridge shaped pilasters present. Epiphallus shorter than penis. Range and habitat. From the Port Stephens area northward to the Manning River drainage basin, NSW; found in rainforest on volcanics, living under logs and rocks. Remarks. Cancellocochlea coolongolook n. sp. and Ca. heatherae n. sp. display significant differences in protoconch sculpture. The protoconch sculpture of Ca. coolongolook has similarities to both Planorbacochlea parriwiensis and P. yessabahensis (both reticulate) while the beaded spiral pattern of Ca. heatherae links it to the Hunter/Port Stephens Planorbacochlea group., Published as part of Shea, M., Colgan, D. J. & Stanisic, J., 2012, 3585, pp. 1-109 in Zootaxa 3585 on page 79

Comboynea winghamensis n. sp. (Figs 29D; 31D; 33D; 35D; 37D) Etymology. For the type locality, Wingham Brush Nature Reserve. Diagnosis. Shell very small, orange-brown, biconcave with depressed spire. Protoconch sculpture primarily spiral consisting of 17 to 22 prominent, crowded, low, broad spiral cords and very weak, irregularly spaced, underlying radial growth ridges. Teleoconch sculpture of numerous, prominent, very crowded and quite uniformly spaced, slightly sinuate, opisthocline radial ribs. Ribs on body whorl 162–228 (mean 177). Umbilicus narrow U-shaped. Type material examined. Holotype. AM C.171399, Wingham Brush Nature Reserve, Wingham, Manning River, west of Taree, NSW (31° 52' 15" S, 152° 22' 51" E), 5. ii.1982, coll. M. Shea. Paratypes. AM C.472880, same data as holotype. Wingham Brush: QMMO31856, QMMO44829. Description. Shell very small, orange-brown, biconcave with depressed spire. Whorls 3.87–4.12, tightly coiled, the last inflated and descending in front. Sutures strongly impressed. Shell diameter 3.60–3.98 mm (mean 3.77 mm), height 1.94–2.20 mm (mean 2.06 mm), H/D 0.52–0.58 (mean 0.54). Protoconch flat, of 1.12 whorls, diameter 0.41–0.58 mm. Protoconch sculpture primarily spiral consisting of 17 to 22 prominent, crowded, low, broad spiral cords and very weak, irregularly spaced, underlying radial growth ridges. Teleoconch sculpture of numerous, prominent, very crowded and quite uniformly spaced, slightly sinuate, opisthocline radial ribs. Ribs on body whorl 162–228 (mean 177), width of interstices on the first teleoconch whorl equal to or greater than width of four ribs; on the penultimate whorl equal to width of four to greater than or equal to width of six ribs; each rib with two or more periostracal blades. Interstitial sculpture of low prominent microradial ribs and low, weaker microspiral cords forming weak beads at their intersection; number of microradials between ribs on the first teleoconch whorl 8–10; on first quarter of body whorl 5–6. Aperture narrowly ovately-lunate. Parietal callus prominent, transparent. Umbilicus narrow U-shaped, diameter 0.92–1.27 mm (mean 1.07 mm), D/U 2.95–4.05 (mean 3.54). Based on 10 measured adults. Anatomy unknown. Distribution and habitat: Wingham Brush Nature Reserve, Wingham, Manning River, west of Taree, NSW; found in subtropical rainforest, living on underside of logs and wood. Remarks. Comboynea winghamensis n. sp. superficially resembles Co. boorganna n. sp. found at higher altitudes but has a significantly higher rib count and slightly wider umbilicus. This species apparently is the sole planispiral/biconcave charopid taxon at the type locality at Wingham Brush, whereas Co. boorganna occurs sympatrically with at least two other planispiral charopids on the Comboyne Plateau. Anatomical and molecular data are unknown for this species. However the protoconch sculpture is unequivocally Comboynea., Published as part of Shea, M., Colgan, D. J. & Stanisic, J., 2012, 3585, pp. 1-109 in Zootaxa 3585 on pages 72-73

Diphyoropa saturni (Cox, 1864) (Figs 10H; 12F, G; 13F, G; 15A; 16A; 17A; 27A, B) Helix saturni Cox, 1864: 35. Diphyoropa saturni (Cox): Hyman and Stanisic 2005: 292; Stanisic et al. 2010: 224. (for additional synonymy see Hyman and Stanisic 2005) Type locality. Darling Point, Sydney, NSW. Diagnosis. Shell very small, coppery brown with a flat spire and evenly coiled whorls Protoconch sculpture bimodal with the first two thirds of the protoconch having broad, irregularly spaced spiral cords that weaken on the last third where broad, curved radial ridges develop and eventually dominate. Teleoconch sculpture of prominent, almost straight, widely to closely spaced radial ribs and cancellate microsculpture. Umbilicus wide to very wide Vshaped. Penis tubular, internally with longitudinal pilasters; epiphallus long. Material examined (for this study). Specimens from Gore Hill Cemetery, St. Leonards (AM C.462489) and Rocky Point, Concord West (AM C.462488) were dissected and drawn. Examples from Concord West, Parriwi Park at Mosman (AM C.475921) and Newington Nature Reserve, Silverwater (AM C.462495, AM C.462525) were sequenced for DNA. Specimens from Rocky Point, Concord West provided shell measurements. These represented the living populations closest to the Darling Point type locality for the species that could be located for this study. Description. For detailed conchological diagnosis and description refer to Hyman and Stanisic (2005). Reproductive organs with hermaphroditic duct narrow and very elongated with a thin whip-like end at junction with ovotestis. Ovotestis containing two clumps of alveoli with more than two short alveolar lobes per clump. Spermatheca with a medium sized spherical to oval bulb. Penial retractor muscle a flat ribbon, less than half length of penis, inserting at the junction of penis and epiphallus. Epiphallus less than penis length, diameter wider than vas deferens, entering penis through a simple pore surrounded by a thickened oval-shaped, muscular collar, no other evidence of a verge. Penis tubular, with slight constriction at junction between lower section and long preputial tube. Penis with longitudinal pilasters becoming vague thickenings toward atrium. Vagina shorter than penis. Atrium very short. Based on two dissected specimens (AM C.462488, AM C.462489). Distribution and habitat. Southern outskirts of Sydney (Woronora River) northward along the coast to Nelson Bay and Shoal Bay and inland to Gloucester, NSW. Introduced to Lord Howe Island (Stanisic et al. 2010). Sclerophyll woodland and forest (particularly turpentine/ironbark woodland on shale) to suburban gardens and wasteland; found living on the underside of logs, rocks and under accumulated fallen bark and leaf litter. Remarks. The anatomy of Diphyoropa saturni which was described but not figured in Hyman and Stanisic (2005) is illustrated here for the first time. Hyman and Stanisic (2005: 293) mention penial pilaster development in their dissected specimens: “upper chamber with several longitudinal pilasters”. This feature was not observed in the dissected specimens from Concord West and Gore Hill Cemetery and may be due to seasonal variation (= regression) in the development of reproductive structures. DNA results show low levels of divergence between specimens from Concord West, Parriwi Park and Newington Nature Reserve in the Sydney metropolitan area. The Wombeyan Caves sample (AM C.318805) cited in Hyman and Stanisic (2005) represents a different taxon as yet undescribed and the range of D. saturni is here restricted accordingly., Published as part of Shea, M., Colgan, D. J. & Stanisic, J., 2012, 3585, pp. 1-109 in Zootaxa 3585 on page 36, {"references":["Hyman, I. T. & Stanisic, J. (2005) New charopid landsnails, chiefly from limestone outcrops in eastern New South Wales (Eupulmonata: Charopidae). Memoirs of the Queensland Museum, 50, 219 - 302.","Stanisic, J., Shea, M., Potter, D. and Griffiths, O. (2010) Australian Land Snails Volume 1: A Field Guide to Eastern Australian Species. Bioculture Press, Mauritius, 591 pp."]}

Richmondaropa n. gen. Gyrocochlea Hedley, 1924: 215 (in part); Iredale 1937: 322 (in part); Iredale 1941a: 267 (in part); Smith 1992: 190 (in part); Stanisic et al. 2010: 196 (in part). Roblinella Iredale, 1941b: 1 (in part); Smith 1992: 203 (in part). Type species. Gyrocochlea prava Hedley, 1924 —here designated. Etymology. For the Richmond River district, north-eastern NSW. Diagnosis. Shell very small, cinnamon brown, planispiral to slightly biconcave with spire flat to slightly concave. Whorls tightly coiled, the last inflated and descending strongly in front. Protoconch sculpture primarily spiral consisting of 17 to 21 prominent, widely spaced, narrow, continuous spiral cords; vague, very weak, underlying radial ridges present. Teleoconch sculpture of numerous, prominent, widely and uniformly spaced, slightly sinuate, orthocline to strongly prosocline radial ribs; microsculpture cancellate with prominent microradial ribs and low microspiral cords. Aperture shape broadly ovately-lunate. Umbilicus wide, U-shaped to cup-shaped. Epiphallus longer than penis, entering penis through a simple pore (i.e. verge absent). Penis tubular with an expanded apical portion, internally with 2–3 longitudinal pilasters. Distribution and habitat. Sub-coastal volcanics, alluvial flood plains and coastal habitats between the Richmond and Tweed Rivers, north-eastern NSW; found in rainforests, living on undersides of logs. Remarks. Richmondaropa n. gen. is distinguished by having a predominantly spiral protoconch with widely spaced, continuous narrow, spiral cords. Gyrocochlea Hedley, 1924 differs chiefly in having finely cancellate protoconch sculpture with numerous, extremely crowded, beaded spiral cords; Dictyoropa has a reticulate protoconch sculpture with continuous, widely spaced spiral cords; and Macphersonea n. gen. has distinctly latticelike protoconch sculpture and channelled sutures. Richmondaropa appears confined to the coastal and sub-coastal areas of north-eastern NSW area between the Richmond and Tweed Rivers. However, the hinterland, particularly rainforests of the upper Richmond and Nightcap Ranges needs to be further explored to circumscribe fully the geographic range of the genus and constitute species., Published as part of Shea, M., Colgan, D. J. & Stanisic, J., 2012, 3585, pp. 1-109 in Zootaxa 3585 on page 82, {"references":["Hedley, C. (1924) Some notes on Australian land shells. Australian Zoologist, 3, 215 - 221.","Iredale, T. (1937) A basic list of the land Mollusca of Australia. Australian Zoologist, 8, 287 - 333.","Iredale, T. (1941 a) Guide to the land shells of New South Wales. Part 2. The Australian Naturalist, 10, 262 - 269.","Smith, B. J. (1992). Non-Marine Mollusca. In Houston, W. W. K. (Ed), Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Australian Government Publishing Service. Canberra, 405 pp.","Stanisic, J., Shea, M., Potter, D. and Griffiths, O. (2010) Australian Land Snails Volume 1: A Field Guide to Eastern Australian Species. Bioculture Press, Mauritius, 591 pp.","Iredale, T. (1941 b) Guide to the land shells of New South Wales. Part 3. The Australian Naturalist, 11, 1 - 8."]}

Planorbacochlea yessabahensis n. sp. (Figs 20B; 21B; 22B; 23B; 24B; 25F; 26F; 28F) Gyrocochlea planorbis Hedley, 1924: Stanisic et al., 2010: 198 (in part). Etymology. Named for Yessabah Caves limestone outcrop where the species is abundant. Diagnosis. Shell very small, orange-brown, biconcave with a weakly depressed spire. Protoconch sculpture reticulate consisting of 18 to 20 prominent, widely spaced, spiral cords and prominent, widely spaced radial ribs becoming more pronounced toward the protoconch-teleoconch boundary. Teleoconch sculpture of numerous, prominent, quite uniformly spaced, slightly sinuate, orthocline to weakly prosocline radial ribs. Ribs on body whorl 100–135. Umbilicus medium U-shaped. Penis club- or pear-shaped, apically with a verge about equal to or less than half the length of penis, pilasters absent. Verge a bulbous swelling with a lateral slit. Type material examined. Holotype. AM C.119329, W of Kempsey, Yessabah Caves, Macleay Valley, NSW (31° 5.71´S, 152° 41.33´E), 9.x.1979, coll. J. Stanisic, P.H. Colman. Paratypes. Yessabah Caves: AM C.168684, AM C.339449, AM C.368681, AM C.472887, QMMO19854, QMMO37155, QMMO39994, QMMO56123, same data as holotype. Other material examined. (All Macleay Valley) Carrai Caves: AM C.121694, AM C.168687. Natural Arch: AM C.168692, AM C.339450. Kempsey area: AM C.139748, AM C.140259, AM C.140428, AM C.154971. Mt Sebastopol: QMMO 37768, QMMO 56008. Block and Tackle Spur: QMMO 56496. Description. Shell very small, orange-brown, biconcave with weakly depressed spire. Whorls 3.75–4.25, tightly coiled, the last inflated and descending in front. Sutures weakly to strongly impressed. Shell diameter 3.22–3.63 mm (mean 3.40 mm), height 1.64–1.97 mm (mean 1.80 mm), H/D 0.50–0.57 (mean 0.52). Protoconch flat, of 1.12–1.25 whorls, diameter 0.35–0.48 mm. Protoconch sculpture reticulate consisting of 18 to 20 prominent, widely spaced, spiral cords and prominent, widely spaced radial ribs becoming more pronounced toward the protoconch-teleoconch boundary. Teleoconch sculpture of numerous, prominent, quite uniformly spaced, slightly sinuate, orthocline to weakly prosocline radial ribs. Ribs on body whorl 100–135 (mean 119), width of interstices on the first teleoconch whorl equal to width of four to greater than or equal to width of six ribs; on the penultimate whorl equal to width of four to less than six ribs; each rib with one, two or more periostracal blades; overlapping thickenings present. Interstitial sculpture of low prominent microradial ribs and low, weaker microspiral cords forming weak beads at their intersection; number of microradials between ribs on the first teleoconch whorl 8–9; on first quarter of body whorl 6–11. Aperture broadly ovately-lunate. Parietal callus prominent, transparent. Umbilicus medium U-shaped, diameter 0.80–0.97 mm (mean 0.88 mm), D/U 3.51–4.06 (mean 3.86). Based on 10 measured adults. Reproductive organs with ovotestis containing two clumps of alveoli, with more than two alveolar lobes per clump. Hermaphroditic duct narrow to broad crescent-shaped. Spermatheca with a medium-sized to large oval bulb. Penial retractor muscle inserting at the junction of the penis and epiphallus. Epiphallus longer than half the length of the penis. Penis club- or pear-shaped, apically with a verge approximately equal to or less than half the length of penis, pilasters absent. Verge a bulbous swelling with a lateral slit. Vagina shorter than penis. Atrium short. Distribution and habitat. Macleay Valley, NSW; found primarily in moist rainforest and vine thicket on limestone karst, but also in areas of moist sclerophyll forest, living on the undersides of limestone talus, logs and timber. Remark. Planorbocochlea yessabahensis n. sp. has more numerous crowded teleoconch radial ribs and a narrower umbilicus compared to other Planorbocochlea species within its region. Anatomically, the large bulbous verge with its lateral slit is the main character which separates this species from its neighbours. Material here described as P. yessabahensis was included in ‘ Gyrocochlea ’ planorbis by Stanisic et al. (2010).

Barringtonica n. gen. Type species. Barringtonica polblue n. sp. –here designated. Etymology. For the Barrington Tops. Diagnosis. Shell very small, silky golden brown weakly planispiral to bi-concave with tightly coiled whorls the last inflated, spire slightly to strongly depressed. Protoconch sculpture spiral consisting of low, flattened, broad spiral cords, with distinct radial growth ripples developing near teleoconch junction; teleoconch with numerous prominent radial ribs; microsculpture cancellate with prominent microradial ribs and low microspiral cords. Aperture broadly ovately-lunate. Umbilicus U shaped to wide, cup-shaped. Penis with an expanded apical portion becoming tubular distally. Verge absent, no pilaster formation observed. Distribution and habitat. Known from the volcanics of the western Barrington Tops rainforest massif off the Scone-Gloucester road and in upper Moonan Brook valley, east of Scone, NSW; found in sub-alpine woodland and vine thicket, living under logs and rocks. Remarks. Barringtonica n. gen. is distinguished by the protoconch sculpture of numerous low flattened spiral cords and radial ridges which become prominent on the latter parts of the protoconch. Comboynea n. gen. has similar low spiral cords that are generally fewer in number, and indistinct underlying radial ridges. Anatomically it differs from both Cumberlandica and Planorbacochlea (most species) chiefly by the lack of a penial verge. The absence of any pilaster formation would seem to indicate that the male reproductive system in the material studied was either immature or seasonally under-developed.

Planorbacochlea manningensis n. sp. (Figs 20A; 21A; 22A; 23A; 24A; 25E; 26E; 28C–E) Etymology. For the Manning Valley, New South Wales. Diagnosis. Shell very small, orange-brown, biconcave with weekly depressed spire. Protoconch sculpture spiral consisting of 25 to 27 prominent, closely spaced, beaded spiral cords and weak, closely spaced radial ridges becoming more pronounced toward the protoconch-teleoconch boundary. Teleoconch sculpture of numerous, prominent, quite uniformly spaced, slightly sinuate, orthocline to weakly prosocline radial ribs. Ribs on body whorl 129–144. Umbilicus wide cup-shaped. Penis club- or pear-shaped, longitudinal pilasters distally, apically with a fluted vase-shaped verge having a terminal pore and about half the length of penis or longer. Type material examined. Holotype. AM C.369784, 15 km SW of Taree, via Tinonee, off Possum Brush Rd, New South Wales, (31° 59’ 23” S, 152° 22’ 23" E), 19.iii.1990, coll. I. Loch, P.H. Colman. Paratypes. AM C. 472893, same data as holotype. SW Taree: AM C.163134. NW Taree: AM C.163253. S Wingham: AM C.163268. Description. Shell very small, orange-brown, biconcave with weakly depressed spire. Whorls 3.5–4.0, tightly coiled, the last inflated and descending in front. Sutures strongly impressed. Shell diameter 3.05–3.37 mm (mean 3.25 mm), height 1.50–1.63 mm (mean 1.57 mm), H/D 0.47–0.51 (mean 0.48). Protoconch flat, of 1.12–1.25 whorls, diameter 0.40–0.54 mm. Protoconch sculpture strongly spiral consisting of 25 to 27 prominent, closely spaced, beaded spiral cords and weak, closely spaced radial ridges becoming more pronounced toward the protoconch-teleoconch boundary. Teleoconch sculpture of numerous, prominent, quite uniformly spaced, slightly sinuate, orthocline to weakly prosocline radial ribs. Ribs on body whorl 129–144 (mean 138), width of interstices on the first teleoconch whorl equal to width of four to less than six ribs; on the penultimate whorl equal to width of four to less than six ribs; each rib with two or more periostracal blades. Interstitial sculpture of low prominent microradial ribs and low, weaker microspiral cords forming weak beads at their intersection; number of microradials between ribs on the first teleoconch whorl 5–7; on first quarter of body whorl 6–7. Aperture broadly ovately-lunate. Parietal callus prominent, transparent. Umbilicus wide cup-shaped, diameter 0.85–1.03 mm (mean 0.95 mm), D/U 3.23–3.61 (mean 3.43). Based on 8 measured adults. Reproductive organs with ovotestis containing two clumps of alveoli, with more than two alveolar lobes per clump. Hermaphroditic duct narrow to broad crescent-shaped. Spermatheca with a large oval bulb. Penial retractor muscle inserting at the junction of the penis and epiphallus. Epiphallus equal or shorter than penis, entering penis through a verge. Penis club- or pear-shaped, longitudinal pilasters distally, apically with a fluted vase-shaped verge having a terminal pore and about half the length of penis or longer. Vagina shorter than penis. Atrium short. Distribution and habitat. Lower Manning Valley, NSW; found in wet sclerophyll forest, living under logs. Remarks. Planorbacochlea manningensis n. sp. superficially resembles P. planorbis from the Port Stephens/ Hunter River area in shell morphology but can be distinguished from that species by the more crowded ribbing on the teleoconch. P. yessabahensis n. sp. from the Macleay Valley has less crowded ribs on the teleoconch and a protoconch which is reticulate (lattice-like) with more widely spaced spiral cords. DNA extraction was unsuccessful for this species.

Planorbacochlea hawkesburyana (Stanisic, 2010) n. comb. (Figs 15B–D; 16B–D; 17B–D; 18A–C; 19B–D; 20F; 21F; 22F; 23F; 24E; 25A, B; 26A, B; 27C–G) Gyrocochlea hawkesburyana Stanisic, 2010: 196 (in Stanisic et al. 2010). Diagnosis. Shell very small, pale orange to cinnamon-brown, biconcave with weakly to strongly depressed spire. Protoconch sculpture strongly spiral consisting of 28 to 30, prominent, closely spaced, beaded spiral cords.Teleoconch sculpture of numerous, prominent, quite uniformly spaced, slightly sinuate, orthocline radial ribs. Ribs on body whorl 69–150. Umbilicus wide cup-shaped. Penis tubular, internally with a conical to loop-shaped apical verge and longitudinal pilasters tapering to the atrium; verge opening through a lateral slit Type material examined. Holotype. AM C.171393, Brooklyn, N side of Brooklyn Rd, Seymours Ck, ca. 100m from Pacific Hwy, NSW (33° 33’ 04” S, 151° 11’ 49” E), 7.viii.1983, coll. M. Shea. Paratypes. AM C.472883, same data as holotype. Other material examined. (All Sydney Basin, NSW) Brooklyn: AM C.346888, AM C.462512, AM C.462496. Turramurra: AM C.318933. Calna Creek: AM C319719, AM C.462434, AM C.462492, AM C.462515. Parriwi Park: AM C.462551, AM C.462552. Mount Wilson: AM C.26351, AM C.63749, AM C.140458, AM C.171394, AM C.360850, AM C.463091, QMMO 28769. Description. Shell very small, pale orange to cinnamon-brown, biconcave with weakly to strongly depressed spire. Whorls 3.12–4.12, tightly coiled, the last inflated and descending in front. Sutures strongly impressed. Shell diameter 2.60–3.68 mm (mean 3.13 mm), height 1.30–2.00 mm (mean 1.64 mm), H/D 0.45–0.55 (mean 0.52). Protoconch flat, of 1.25 whorls, diameter 0.37–0.60 mm. Protoconch sculpture strongly spiral consisting of 28 to 30, prominent, closely spaced, beaded spiral cords and weak closely spaced radial ridges becoming more pronounced toward the protoconch-teleoconch boundary. Teleoconch sculpture of numerous, prominent, quite uniformly spaced, slightly sinuate, orthocline radial ribs. Ribs on body whorl 69–150 (mean 98), width of interstices on the first teleoconch whorl greater than or equal to width of four and six ribs; on the penultimate whorl equal to width of four to less than six ribs;each rib with two or more overlapping periostracal blades. Interstitial sculpture of low prominent microradial ribs and low, weaker microspiral cords forming weak beads at their intersection; number of microradials between ribs on the first teleoconch whorl 5–8; on first quarter of body whorl 5–9; height of microspirals variable. Aperture broadly ovately-lunate. Parietal callus prominent, transparent. Umbilicus wide cup-shaped, diameter 0.76–1.12 mm (mean 0.95 mm), D/U 2.86–4.04 (mean 3.33). Based on 33 measured adults. Reproductive organs with ovotestis containing two clumps of alveoli, with more than two alveolar lobes per clump. Hermaphroditic duct narrow crescent-shaped. Spermatheca with a medium to large-sized oval bulb.Talon large, circular or oval shaped. Penial retractor muscle less than half the length of penis, inserting at the junction of the penis and epiphallus. Epiphallus equal or subequal in length to the penis. Penis tubular, internally with a conical to loop shaped apical verge and longitudinal pilasters tapering to the atrium; verge opening through a lateral slit. Vagina shorter than penis. Distribution and habitat. Broken Bay (Brooklyn), and Middle Harbour, Port Jackson to Mt Wilson, Sydney Basin, NSW; found in dense sclerophyll forest, dry rainforest and warm temperate rainforest, particularly in gullies and along watercourses, living under rocks and logs. Remarks. P. hawkesburyana is similar to P. watagan n. sp. in shell morphology but differs most noticeably in having fewer ribs on the teleoconch There is considerable variability in spire depression and rib spacing on the teleoconch of the various samples of P. hawkesburyana. This may be environmentally-induced variability or reflect on-going lineage differentiation in isolated populations. In particular, the Brooklyn site is distinguished from the others of the species in verge anatomy. In Brooklyn specimens, this is an open sculptured loop or scoop-shaped structure fused to the wall of the penis just below the epiphallus entry, whereas specimens from other sites have a bud-shaped papilla with internal parallel ridges inside the penis. Shells from this site also have more widely spaced and stronger radial ribs on the teleoconch and finer spiral threads on the protoconch. The various specimens for which DNA material was available were shown to be genetically conspecific.

Gyrocochlea Hedley, 1924 Gyrocochlea Hedley, 1924 (in part); Iredale 1937: 322 (in part); Iredale 1941a: 267 (in part); Stanisic 1990: 77; Smith 1992: 190 (in part); Stanisic et al. 2010: 196 (in part). Type species. Helix vinitincta Cox, 1868. Diagnosis. Shell small to very small, brown to dark reddish brown, strongly biconcave with a deeply depressed spire, last whorl greatly inflated. Protoconch sculpture finely cancellate comprising up to 40 very closely spaced, fine spiral lirae intersected by numerous fine radial threads, forming minute beads at their intersections; teleoconch with bold, very crowded to widely spaced sinuate radial ribs; microsculpture cancellate with prominent microradial ribs and low microspiral cords. Umbilicus narrow U-shaped. Penial sculpture of long, simple or anastomosing, longitudinal pilasters (all taxa) with small crowded pilasters above the epiphallic entrance. Verge absent. Distribution and habitat. Richmond River, north-eastern NSW to Mt Tamborine, south-eastern Queensland; found in lowland to mid-altitude rainforest on volcanics, living on the underside of logs. Remarks. Gyrocochlea Hedley, 1924 was restricted by Stanisic (1990) to include only G. vinitincta (Cox, 1868) (type species), G. convoluta Hedley, 1924, G. paucilamellata Stanisic, 1990 and G. curtisiana (Hedley, 1912). G. curtisiana is here excluded from Gyrocochlea on the basis of significant differences in protoconch sculpture (coarsely and broadly cancellate) and general shell morphology (less depressed spire, looser coiling) when compared with these species. The unpublished results of this study, which examined the protoconchs of nautiliform charopids from the entire eastern Australian region, indicate that G. curtisiana belongs to a clade widespread in southern and central Queensland. However, re-assignment to a new genus is delayed pending formal revision of these charopids. Stanisic et al. (2010) listed 34 species (including 22 newly described) under the Gyrocochlea ‘umbrella’ as a provisional ‘roadmap’ to revisionary studies of these nautiliform charopids. While some of these species have been dealt with in the present publication and re-assigned to new genera, unpublished evidence gained through the current project indicates, that apart from the three core species mentioned above, all remaining species listed in Stanisic et al. (2010) will eventually have to be re-allocated to other genera., Published as part of Shea, M., Colgan, D. J. & Stanisic, J., 2012, 3585, pp. 1-109 in Zootaxa 3585 on pages 85-86, {"references":["Hedley, C. (1924) Some notes on Australian land shells. Australian Zoologist, 3, 215 - 221.","Iredale, T. (1937) A basic list of the land Mollusca of Australia. Australian Zoologist, 8, 287 - 333.","Iredale, T. (1941 a) Guide to the land shells of New South Wales. Part 2. The Australian Naturalist, 10, 262 - 269.","Stanisic, J. (1990) Systematics and biogeography of eastern Australian Charopidae (Mollusca: Pulmonata). Memoirs of the Queensland Museum, 30, 1 - 241.","Smith, B. J. (1992). Non-Marine Mollusca. In Houston, W. W. K. (Ed), Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Australian Government Publishing Service. Canberra, 405 pp.","Stanisic, J., Shea, M., Potter, D. and Griffiths, O. (2010) Australian Land Snails Volume 1: A Field Guide to Eastern Australian Species. Bioculture Press, Mauritius, 591 pp.","Cox, J. C. (1868) A Monograph of Australian Land Shells. William Maddock, Sydney. 111 pp.","Hedley, C. (1912) On some land shells collected in Queensland, by Mr. Sidney W. Jackson. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, 7, 253 - 270."]}

Cumberlandica impressa impressa (Hedley, 1924) n. comb. (Figs 7A – C, E; 8A – C, E; 9A – C, E; 10A – C, E; 11A, B, D, F; 12A, B, D; 13A, C, D; 14A – E) Gyrocochlea impressa Hedley, 1924: 216. Gyrocochlea impressa: Iredale 1937: 323; Iredale 1941a: 268; Smith 1992: 191. G. i. impressa Diagnosis. Shell very small, brown, biconcave with tightly coiled whorls. Protoconch sculpture of low, widely spaced, narrow spiral cords, and widely spaced radial ribs, beginning on the final quarter of the protoconch and becoming more pronounced toward the protoconch-teleoconch boundary. Teleoconch sculpture of numerous, widely spaced radial ribs. Umbilicus widely open. Penis with apical tongue-shaped verge and longitudinal pilasters. Type material examined. Neotype (here designated). AM C.463902, Bilpin Rest Area (Bilpin Park), Bells Line of Road, Bilpin, lower Blue Mountains, NSW (33° 29' 46.14” S, 150° 31' 02.86” E), on underside of logs in moist sclerophyll forest, 27.ix.2009, coll. M. Shea. [Damaged holotype (specimen crushed and consisting of tiny fragments). AM C.63499, Kurrajong, NSW (33° 33’ 17” S, 150° 39 42” E), 1891, C. T. Musson]. Other material examined. (All Sydney Basin, NSW) Bilpin: AM C.462733, AM C.463909. Freemans Reach: AM C.457178, AM C.462483, AM C.355262. Mulgoa: AM C.152188. Patonga: AM C.140234. McMasters Beach: QM unregistered, S.A. Clark coll. 9 July 1989. Description. Shell very small, cinnamon-brown, biconcave with deeply depressed spire. Whorls 4.1–5.0, tightly coiled, the last ascending, in line or descending in front. Sutures strongly impressed. Shell diameter 3.77–5.5 mm (mean 4.68 mm), height 2.18–3.11 mm (mean 2.55 mm), H/D 0.45–0.62 (mean 0.55). Protoconch flat, of 1.12–1.25 whorls, diameter 0.48–0.68 mm. Protoconch sculpture consisting of 15 to 27 low, widely spaced, narrow spiral cords and widely spaced, orthocline to prosocline radial ribs, beginning on the final quarter of the protoconch and becoming more pronounced toward the protoconch-teleoconch boundary. Teleoconch sculpture of numerous, prominent, quite uniformly spaced, slightly sinuate, orthocline radial ribs. Ribs on body whorl 112–220 (mean 153), width of interstices on the first teleoconch whorl equal to width of four to greater than width of six ribs; on the penultimate whorl equal to width of three to greater than width of six ribs; each rib with two or more overlapping periostracal blades. Interstitial sculpture of low prominent microradial ribs and low, weaker microspiral cords forming beads at their intersection; number of microradials between ribs on the first teleoconch whorl 2–7; on first quarter of body whorl 6–10; microspirals very low. Aperture narrowly to broadly ovatelylunate. Parietal callus prominent, transparent. Umbilicus wide U-shaped to cup-shaped, diameter 1.09–1.93 mm (mean 1.50 mm), D/U 2.86–3.36 (mean 3.18). Based on 32 measured adults. Reproductive organs with ovotestis containing two clumps of alveoli with more than two alveolar lobes per clump. Spermatheca with a medium sized oval bulb. Talon large, spherical or ovate. Penial retractor muscle less than half the length of penis, inserting at the junction of the penis and epiphallus. Epiphallus equal to the penis length, entering penis through a tongue-shaped verge opening through a lateral slit. Penis pear-shaped with an apical bulb, internally with longitudinal pilasters tapering to the atrium. Vagina shorter than penis. Distribution and habitat. Central to lower Blue Mountains (Bilpin to Kurrajong) and east to Freemans Reach and Mulgoa on the Cumberland Plain, and the central coast, NSW; in eucalypt forest and vine thicket/dry rainforest in sheltered gullies living under logs, stumps, timber or rocks. Remarks. The nominal subspecies differs from Cumberlandica impressa ponderi by the higher rib count and tighter whorl coiling and slightly narrower umbilicus. The two subspecies are strongly supported as reciprocally monophyletic in the ITS-2 analyses but not in COI analyses. Cu. wilsoniana has wider spaced radial ribs, a much more inflated body whorl with less laterally compressed aperture. Cu. wombeyanensis has more widely spaced teleoconch ribs (with every second rib enlarged), a narrower umbilicus, less sunken spire and more widely spaced radial ribs on the protoconch. The specimens of Cu. impressa impressa from Freemans Reach and Mulgoa have tighter whorl coiling than that of Bilpin. Hedley’s original description of this species was based on a single specimen from Kurrajong in the lower Blue Mountains collected by C. T. Musson. This specimen is now badly damaged. Specimens that were collected for this study from Bilpin, which adjoins Kurrajong, and that closely agree with Hedley’s original description were used for the re-description here. A neotype was designated from this material. Stanisic et al. (2010) incorrectly figured and described a specimen (QMMO42154) from Mt Wilson as this species mistakenly believing it to be conspecific with Hedley’s original description and illustration. That specimen is here given separate specific status as Cu. wilsoniana and its relationships are discussed below., Published as part of Shea, M., Colgan, D. J. & Stanisic, J., 2012, 3585, pp. 1-109 in Zootaxa 3585 on pages 24-28, {"references":["Hedley, C. (1924) Some notes on Australian land shells. Australian Zoologist, 3, 215 - 221.","Iredale, T. (1937) A basic list of the land Mollusca of Australia. Australian Zoologist, 8, 287 - 333.","Iredale, T. (1941 a) Guide to the land shells of New South Wales. Part 2. The Australian Naturalist, 10, 262 - 269.","Smith, B. J. (1992). Non-Marine Mollusca. In Houston, W. W. K. (Ed), Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Australian Government Publishing Service. Canberra, 405 pp.","Stanisic, J., Shea, M., Potter, D. and Griffiths, O. (2010) Australian Land Snails Volume 1: A Field Guide to Eastern Australian Species. Bioculture Press, Mauritius, 591 pp."]}

Planorbacochlea n. gen. Gyrocochlea Hedley, 1924: 215 (in part); Iredale 1937: 322 (in part); Iredale 1941a: 267 (in part); Smith 1992: 190 (in part); Stanisic et al. 2010: 196 (in part). Type species. Gyrocochlea hawkesburyana Stanisic, 2010 —here designated. Etymology. From the Latin planus = flat, orbis = disc and cochlea = snail. Diagnosis. Shell very small to small, brownish, with a weakly to strongly depressed spire and tightly coiled whorls, the last inflated. Protoconch sculpture of prominent crowded, beaded spiral cords and low radial undulations (P. hawkesburyana, P. planorbis), or with more widely spaced spiral cords and equally high, narrow, widely spaced radial ribs (P. reticulata) to widely reticulate with widely spaced non-beaded, spiral cords and broad radial ribs of equal prominenence (P. parriwiensis, P. yessabahensis and P. nambucca). Teleoconch with numerous well developed, widely to very closely spaced, prominent radial ribs; microsculpture cancellate with prominent microradial ribs and low microspiral cords. Aperture broadly, ovately-lunate. Umbilicus U-shaped to wide cupshaped. Penis tubular to pear-shaped, with longitudinal pilasters distally, with an apical verge that has a lateral or terminal pore or without a verge (P. nambucca, P. reticulata). Epiphallus generally as long as penis. Distribution and habitat. Sydney Basin north to the Nambucca River drainage, NSW; found in a variety of habitats including dry sclerophyll forest but more commonly in vine thicket/rainforest associations, usually in small groups living on the undersides of logs and timber. Remarks. Planorbacochlea n. gen. Differs from Cumberlandica primarily on general shell form and in the sculpture of the protoconch. Planorbacochlea has a more tightly coiled whorl profile with inflated last whorl and strongly spiral to reticulate protoconch sculpture. Cumberlandica has evenly coiled whorls and a protoconch that has bi-modal sculpture consisting of spirals initially and dominant radials on the latter part. Planorbacochlea is a geographically widespread and diverse group when compared with other genera dealt with here. It is also considered highly problematic in composition. While the DNA results identify the group as coherent, the protoconch and anatomical data show a number of significant anomalies. The protoconch sculpture in Sydney Basin Planorbacochlea and P. planorbis generally exhibits a spiral pattern comprising closely spaced, fine beaded spiral cords (but less closely spaced then in Gyrocochlea s.s.) and weak radial ridges. However, in P. parriwiensis n. sp. (sympatric with P. hawkesburyana n. sp.), P. yessabahensis n. sp., P. nambucca n. sp. P. reticulata n. sp. and P. dandahra n. sp. the protoconch sculpture is reticulate and is comprised of spiral cords that are more widely spaced and more prominent widely spaced radial elements. Furthermore, P. nambucca n. sp., in lacking a penial verge, also differs radically in reproductive tract morphology from all other species in the group. These morphological differences are of the same order of magnitude as those between other genera treated here. Considering the difficulty with the collection of these charopids in the field alluded to earlier, there is a reasonable likelihood that additional species, yet to be discovered, exist within the broad landscape currently defined by the Planorbacochlea distribution. These may yet assist in adequately defining Planorbacochlea. However, additional fieldwork, which was outside the resources of the current study, is needed to resolve this problem. Further north in the Clarence and Richmond River drainages, and in the Border Ranges, there are also yet-tobe described species which could be embraced in the general concept of this genus as it currently stands. However, the differences in the fine detail of the reticulate protoconch sculpture in these species are also such as to suggest that they represent separate lineages from Planorbacochlea. Their inclusion in the genus would lead to a situation similar to that of Gyrocochlea s.l., which the current study seeks to unravel., Published as part of Shea, M., Colgan, D. J. & Stanisic, J., 2012, 3585, pp. 1-109 in Zootaxa 3585 on pages 36-37, {"references":["Hedley, C. (1924) Some notes on Australian land shells. Australian Zoologist, 3, 215 - 221.","Iredale, T. (1937) A basic list of the land Mollusca of Australia. Australian Zoologist, 8, 287 - 333.","Iredale, T. (1941 a) Guide to the land shells of New South Wales. Part 2. The Australian Naturalist, 10, 262 - 269.","Smith, B. J. (1992). Non-Marine Mollusca. In Houston, W. W. K. (Ed), Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Australian Government Publishing Service. Canberra, 405 pp.","Stanisic, J., Shea, M., Potter, D. and Griffiths, O. (2010) Australian Land Snails Volume 1: A Field Guide to Eastern Australian Species. Bioculture Press, Mauritius, 591 pp."]}

Cumberlandica impressa ponderi (Stanisic, 2010) n. comb. (Figs 7D–F; 8D–F; 9D–F; 10D–F; 11C, E, F; 11C–E; 13B, D, E; 14D–H) Gyrocochlea ponderi Stanisic, 2010 (in Stanisic et al. 2010): 196. Diagnosis. Shell very small, brown with a deeply biconcave to almost flat spire, and tightly and evenly coiled whorls. Protoconch sculpture of many, widely spaced spiral cords and curved radial ribs that form on its latter part, becoming more pronounced toward the teleoconch boundary; teleoconch sculptured with numerous well developed, widely to closely spaced radial ribs; microsculpture cancellate consisting of fine microradial ribs and low microspiral cords. Umbilicus wide U-shaped to cup-shaped. epiphallus as long as penis; penis pear-shaped with apical verge and long tapering distal portion; penial verge large, open and convoluted with a lateral slit; longitudinal pilasters distally; vagina long. Type material examined. Holotype. QMMO29399, c. 2 km W West Head West Head Rd, Sydney NSW (33° 35’S, 150° 17’ E), rainforest/ Livistona, under burnt logs, 2.i.1990, coll. J. Stanisic, J. Chaseling. Paratypes: QMMO78945, same data as holotype. Other material examined. (All Sydney Basin, NSW) West Head: AM C.142929, AM C.152185, AM C.462481, AM C.463083, QMMO 46745. Whale Beach: AM C.152189, AM C.462479. Palm Beach: QMMO 29636. Description. Shell very small, brown, biconcave with deeply depressed spire. Whorls 4.25–5.0, tightly coiled, the last ascending, in line or descending in front. Sutures strongly impressed. Shell diameter 3.98–5.26 mm (mean 4.57 mm), height 2.23–2.94 mm (mean 2.54 mm), H/D 0.51–0.60 (mean 0.56). Protoconch flat, of 1.12 whorls, diameter 0.61–0.71 mm. Protoconch sculpture consisting of 25–27 low, widely spaced, narrow spiral cords and widely spaced, orthocline to prosocline radial ribs, beginning on the final quarter of the protoconch and becoming more pronounced toward the protoconch-teleoconch boundary. Teleoconch sculpture of numerous, prominent, quite uniformly spaced, slightly sinuate, orthocline to opisthocline radial ribs. Ribs on body whorl 96–141 (mean 118), width of interstices on the first teleoconch whorl equal to width of four to less than width of six ribs; on the penultimate whorl equal to width of three to four ribs; each rib with two or more overlapping periostracal blades. Interstitial sculpture of low prominent microradial ribs and low, weaker microspiral cords forming beads at their intersection; number of microradials between ribs on the first teleoconch whorl 6–9; on first quarter of body whorl 5–9; microspirals very low. Aperture narrowly ovately-lunate. Parietal callus prominent, transparent. Umbilicus wide U-shaped to cup-shaped, diameter 1.37–1.84 mm (mean 1.56 mm), D/U 2.59–3.38 (mean 2.94). Based on 24 measured adults. Reproductive organs with ovotestis containing two clumps of alveoli with numerous finger-like alveolar lobes per clump. Spermatheca with a large oval bulb. Talon large, spherical or ovate to heart-shaped. Penial retractor muscle less than half the length of penis, inserting at the junction of the penis and epiphallus. Epiphallus longer or equal to the penis length, entering penis through a verge opening through a lateral slit. Penis pear-shaped with an apical bulb, internally with a tongue-shaped apical verge and longitudinal pilasters tapering to the atrium. Vagina shorter than or equal to length of penis. Distribution and habitat. Southern side of Broken Bay to northern beaches, Sydney, NSW; found in mixed Livistona /Eucalyptus/Macrozamia/ Casuarina associations on volcanic rocks, and vine thicket/remnant rainforest in steep sandstone gullies living on the underside of logs, fallen palm leaves and timber. Remarks. This subspecies can be distinguished from Cu. impressa impressa by the lower rib count and looser coiling. It differs from Cu. wombeyanensis by the much higher radial rib count (between 96 and 141 on the body whorl), more sunken spire, much tighter coiling of the whorls and wider umbilicus. It can be distinguished from Cu. wilsoniana by the more strongly, laterally compressed aperture and tighter whorl coiling. The tightly coiled whorls, deeply sunken spire, high whorl count and strongly laterally compressed aperture are characteristics of these sites and others from the Broken Bay area including the Barrenjoey headland where morphologically similar specimens occur but from which no living material was available., Published as part of Shea, M., Colgan, D. J. & Stanisic, J., 2012, 3585, pp. 1-109 in Zootaxa 3585 on pages 28-32, {"references":["Stanisic, J., Shea, M., Potter, D. and Griffiths, O. (2010) Australian Land Snails Volume 1: A Field Guide to Eastern Australian Species. Bioculture Press, Mauritius, 591 pp.","Hyman, I. T. & Stanisic, J. (2005) New charopid landsnails, chiefly from limestone outcrops in eastern New South Wales (Eupulmonata: Charopidae). Memoirs of the Queensland Museum, 50, 219 - 302.","Hedley, C. (1924) Some notes on Australian land shells. Australian Zoologist, 3, 215 - 221."]}

Planorbacochlea planorbis (Hedley, 1924) n. comb. (Figs 15G, H; 16G, H; 17G, H; 18F–H; 19G, H; 25C, D; 26C, D; 27H; 28A, B) Gyrocochlea planorbis Hedley, 1924: 217. Gyrocochlea planorbis: Iredale 1937: 323; Iredale 1941a: 268; Smith 1992: 191; Stanisic et al. 2010: 198 (in part). Diagnosis. Shell very small, coppery to orange brown, biconcave with weakly depressed spire. Protoconch sculpture spiral consisting of 24 to 36 prominent, closely spaced, beaded spiral cords and weak, closely spaced radial ridges becoming more pronounced toward the protoconch-teleoconch boundary. Teleoconch sculpture of numerous, prominent, quite uniformly spaced, slightly sinuate, orthocline to opisthocline radial ribs. Ribs on body whorl 75–138. Umbilicus open, U-shaped to wide cup-shaped. Penis club- or pear-shaped with a long tapering distal portion, apically with a scoop-like verge, with a terminal pore and approximately one third length of penis, longitudinal pilasters distally. Type material examined. Holotype. AM C.233, Port Stephens, NSW. Paratypes. AM C.103620, same data as holotype. Other material examined. Port Stephens: AM C.368601, AM C.462535, AM C.463729, AM C.464076, AM C.464083. Uffington State Forest: AM C.309904, AM C.309918, AM C.309923. Dungog: AM C.309910. Chichester State Forest: AM C.309908, AM C.309909, AM C.309916. Davis Creek: AM C.309164. Description. Shell very small, coppery to orange brown, biconcave with weakly depressed spire. Whorls 3.50–4.37, tightly coiled, the last inflated and descending in front. Sutures strongly impressed. Shell diameter 2.87–3.42 mm (mean 3.25 mm), height1.49–2.00 mm (mean 1.76 mm), H/D 0.48–0.54 (mean 0.51). Protoconch of 1–1.25 whorls, diameter 0.37–0.53 mm. Protoconch sculpture spiral consisting of 24 to 36 prominent, closely spaced, beaded spiral cords and weak, closely spaced radial ridges becoming more pronounced toward the protoconch-teleoconch boundary. Teleoconch sculpture of numerous, prominent, quite uniformly spaced, slightly sinuate, orthocline to opisthocline radial ribs. Ribs on body whorl 75–138 (mean 100), width of interstices on the first teleoconch whorl equal to width of four to equal to width of six ribs; on the penultimate whorl equal to width of four to less than six ribs; each rib with two or more overlapping periostracal blades. Interstitial sculpture of prominent microradial ribs and low, weaker microspiral cords forming weak beads at their intersection; number of microradials between ribs on the first teleoconch whorl 6–9; on first quarter of body whorl 7–9; height of microspirals variable. Aperture broadly ovately-lunate. Parietal callus prominent, transparent. Umbilicus open, Ushaped to wide cup-shaped, diameter 0.86–1.25 mm (mean 1.01 mm), D/U 2.98–3.64 (mean 3.31). Based on 29 measured adults. Reproductive tract with ovotestis containing two clumps of alveoli, with more than two alveolar lobes per clump. Hermaphroditic duct narrow to broad crescent-shaped. Spermatheca with a medium-sized oval bulb. Penial retractor muscle inserting at the junction of the penis and epiphallus. Epiphallus equal or shorter than penis entering penis through a verge. Penis club- or pear-shaped with a long tapering distal portion, apically with a scoop-like verge with a terminal pore and approximately one third length of penis; longitudinal pilasters distally. Vagina shorter than penis. Atrium short. Distribution and habitat. Port Stephens in the vicinity of Nelson Bay and Shoal Bay, to the upper Hunter Valley near Muswellbrook and the northern foothills of the Hunter Valley between Dungog, Clarencetown and Chichester State Forest, NSW; found in eucalypt forest and dry vine thickets, living under logs and rocks. Remarks. Planorbacochlea planorbis (Hedley, 1924) n. comb. has spiral protoconch sculpture somewhat similar to P. graemei from the Lake Macquarie area but is readily distinguished from that species by the greater number of ribs on the teleoconch. In contrast, P. manningensis n. sp., which occurs immediately to the north of P. planorbis in the Manning River drainage, generally has even more crowded ribs on the teleoconch. Port Stephens P. planorbis have a shell with a less sunken spire and more gradually increasing whorls compared to other specimens of the species with the exception of those from Davis Creek. Shells from sites around Uffington State Forest are smaller in size compared to the coastal Shoal Bay/ Nelson Bay P. planorbis, with fewer whorls and with the last whorl larger and more inflated.The Davis Creek site occurs much further inland than the other P. planorbis sites and no populations are known nearer than Dungog. The aperture is larger in area and ribs appear higher and more widely spaced in Davis Creek P. planorbis than in specimens from the Port Stephens area or from the Uffington State Forest, Marshdale and Main Creek sites. Anatomically P. planorbis differs from other species in the genus by the internal structure of the penis which exhibits complex transverse pilaster development around the epiphallic entrance and uppermost section of the penis. The anatomy of the verge could only be examined in the Uffington series. There may be a verge present in Port Stephens populations but this could not be determined from the single dissected specimen. The results of this study demonstrate that the definition of this taxon (as Gyrocochlea planorbis) given in Stanisic et al. (2010) was very broad and may have encompassed a number of very localised species rather than populations., Published as part of Shea, M., Colgan, D. J. & Stanisic, J., 2012, 3585, pp. 1-109 in Zootaxa 3585 on pages 50-51, {"references":["Hedley, C. (1924) Some notes on Australian land shells. Australian Zoologist, 3, 215 - 221.","Iredale, T. (1937) A basic list of the land Mollusca of Australia. Australian Zoologist, 8, 287 - 333.","Iredale, T. (1941 a) Guide to the land shells of New South Wales. Part 2. The Australian Naturalist, 10, 262 - 269.","Smith, B. J. (1992). Non-Marine Mollusca. In Houston, W. W. K. (Ed), Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Australian Government Publishing Service. Canberra, 405 pp.","Stanisic, J., Shea, M., Potter, D. and Griffiths, O. (2010) Australian Land Snails Volume 1: A Field Guide to Eastern Australian Species. Bioculture Press, Mauritius, 591 pp."]}

Planorbocochlea nambucca n. sp. (Figs 20C; 21C; 22C; 23C; 24D; 25G; 26G) Etymology. For Nambucca Heads. Diagnosis. Shell very small, pale yellowish brown, biconcave with weakly depressed spire. Protoconch sculpture reticulate consisting of 14 to 15 prominent, widely spaced, beaded spiral cords and prominent, widely spaced radial ribs becoming more pronounced toward the protoconch-teleoconch boundary. Teleoconch sculpture of numerous, prominent, quite uniformly spaced, slightly sinuate, orthocline to opisthocline radial ribs. Ribs on body whorl 90–96. Penis with an expanded apical portion becoming tubular distally; several longitudinal pilasters present including one large thickened central V- or Y-shaped pilaster; verge absent. Type material examined. Holotype. QMMO80159, Nambucca Heads, rainforest reserve on slope S of town, NSW (30°38’ 05” S. 153° 00’ 00” E), 22.i.1993, coll. J. Stanisic, J. Chaseling. Paratypes. Nambucca Heads: QMMO44862, QMMO49331, AM C.139746, same data as holotype. Description. Shell very small, pale yellowish brown, biconcave with weakly depressed spire. Whorls 3.87–4.00, tightly coiled, the last inflated and descending in front. Sutures weakly to strongly impressed. Shell diameter 3.25–3.27 mm (mean 3.26 mm), height 1.55–1.80 mm (mean 1.68 mm), H/D 0.48–0.55 (mean 0.51). Protoconch flat, of 1.12–1.25 whorls, diameter 0.44–0.51 mm. Protoconch sculpture reticulate consisting of 14 to 15 prominent, widely spaced, beaded spiral cords and prominent, widely spaced radial ribs becoming more pronounced toward the protoconch-teleoconch boundary. Teleoconch sculpture of numerous, prominent, quite uniformly spaced, slightly sinuate, orthocline to opisthocline radial ribs. Ribs on body whorl 90–96 (mean 94), width of interstices on the first teleoconch whorl equal to width of four or greater than or equal to width of six ribs; on the penultimate whorl equal to width of four to less than six ribs; each rib with single periostracal blade; overlapping thickenings absent. Interstitial sculpture of low prominent microradial ribs and low, weaker microspiral cords forming weak beads at their intersection; number of microradials between ribs on the first teleoconch whorl 8–11; on first quarter of body whorl 8–10. Aperture broadly ovately-lunate. Parietal callus prominent, transparent. Umbilicus wide U-shaped, diameter 0.92–0.96 mm (mean 0.94 mm), D/U 3.43–3.58 (mean 3.50). Based on 3 measured adults. Reproductive tract with ovotestis containing two clumps of alveoli, with more than two alveolar lobes per clump. Hermaphroditic duct narrow to broad crescent-shaped. Spermatheca with a large oval bulb. Penial retractor muscle inserting at the junction of the penis and epiphallus. Epiphallus shorter or equal in length to the penis, entering penis through a simple pore (verge absent). Penis with an expanded apical portion becoming tubular distally; several longitudinal pilasters present including one large thickened central V- or Y-shaped pilaster. Vagina shorter than penis. Atrium short. Distribution and habitat. Presently known only from the vicinity of Nambucca Heads, NSW; found in mixed rainforest/eucalypt forest association, living under logs. Remarks. Conchologically Planorbacochlea nambucca n. sp. differs from the geographically proximate P. yessabahensis in having fewer spirals on the protoconch, a greater number of teleoconch ribs and a wider umbilicus. Anatomically it differs most significantly from other Planorbacochlea except P. reticulata by lacking a penial verge. This is a major departure from the typical generic pattern which when combined with the reticulate sculpture (lattice-like) comprising few spiral cords suggests lineage differentiation. Material here described as a new species was included in G. wauchope Stanisic, 2010 (type locality Mt Seaview, NSW) by Stanisic et al. (2010). A number of additional species related to P. nambucca from the area between O’Sullivans Gap and Coffs Harbour, NSW are still to be described (Stanisic, unpublished data).

Diphyoropa Hyman & Stanisic, 2005 Stanisic et al. 2010: 224. Type species. Helix saturni Cox, 1864 —original designation. Diagnosis. Shell very small, coppery brown with evenly coiled whorls and flat spire. Protoconch sculpture bimodal with the first two thirds of the protoconch having broad, irregularly spaced spiral cords that weaken on the last third where broad, curved radial ridges develop and eventually dominate. Teleoconch sculpture of prominent, almost straight, widely to closely spaced radial ribs and cancellate microsculpture. Umbilicus wide to very wide Vshaped. Kidney weakly bi-lobed. Epiphallus long. Penis tubular, sculptured with longitudinal pilasters. Distribution and habitat. Southern outskirts of Sydney (Woronora River) mid-eastern NSW northward to the Macleay Valley, northern NSW and into south-eastern Qld; living in dry vine thicket, eucalypt woodland and forest, or suburban gardens and even wasteland where it has been found on undersides of logs, wood, rocks and dumped rubbish. Remarks. Distinguished by the bi-modal protoconch sculpture that consists of low fairly widely spaced spiral cords with low radial ripples developing on the last third, planispiral shell shape, flat spire, orthocline teleoconch ribs, wide V-shaped umbilicus, rounded whorls and coppery brown coloured shells. The protoconch sculpture is structurally similar to that of Cumberlandica, however, the elements in the case of Diphyoropa are low, broad spiral cords and low radial ridges. These are fundamental differences in the architecture of the sculpture which are considered to be the basis for generic separation between these two sympatric groups. Undescribed taxa with similar shell features (specifically protoconch sculpture) fitting the general concept of the genus occur sporadically northward along the coast and tablelands into south-eastern Qld. Stanisic et al. (2010) describe D. jonesi from south-eastern Queensland but whether or not this and the other northern NSW species truly belong to this genus has yet to be confirmed by anatomical or molecular studies except that a specimen of NN23 with a Diphyoropa -like protoconch from Iluka (AMSC.463582) belongs to the genus according to ITS-2 analyses (Fig. 5)., Published as part of Shea, M., Colgan, D. J. & Stanisic, J., 2012, 3585, pp. 1-109 in Zootaxa 3585 on pages 33-36, {"references":["Hyman, I. T. & Stanisic, J. (2005) New charopid landsnails, chiefly from limestone outcrops in eastern New South Wales (Eupulmonata: Charopidae). Memoirs of the Queensland Museum, 50, 219 - 302.","Stanisic, J., Shea, M., Potter, D. and Griffiths, O. (2010) Australian Land Snails Volume 1: A Field Guide to Eastern Australian Species. Bioculture Press, Mauritius, 591 pp.","Hedley, C. (1924) Some notes on Australian land shells. Australian Zoologist, 3, 215 - 221."]}

Dictyoropa eurythma (Hedley, 1924) n. comb. (Figs 30G; 32G; 34G; 36G; 38F) Gyrocochlea eurythma Hedley, 1924: 216. Gyrocochlea eurythma: Iredale 1937: 323; Iredale 1941a: 268; Smith 1992: 191; Stanisic et al. 2010: 200. Type locality. Northern Rivers (probably between the Brunswick and Tweed Rivers), north-eastern NSW. Diagnosis. Shell very small, cinnamon brown, spire slightly sunken. Protoconch sculpture reticulate consisting of 15 prominent, widely spaced, broad, continuous spiral cords that intersect with widely spaced radial ridges on the early part of the protoconch forming a lattice; the ridges developing into widely spaced radial ribs on the latter part of the protoconch. Teleoconch sculpture of numerous, prominent, quite uniformly spaced, slightly sinuate, opisthocline radial ribs. Ribs on body whorl 94–146 (mean 120). Umbilicus wide cup-shaped. Type material examined. Lectotype (here designated). AM C.103618, Northern Rivers, NSW, coll. W. Petterd. Paralectotype. AM C.472889, same data as lectotype. Other material examined. AM C.63525, labelled as holotype in the collections but not considered to be the type of this species for reasons given below. Not cited by Smith (1992); AM C.475920, part of the syntype series but representing an undescribed species. Description. Shell very small, cinnamon brown, spire slightly sunken. Whorls 3.5–4.25, tightly coiled, the last weakly expanding and descending in front. Sutures strongly impressed. Shell diameter 2.63–3.74 mm (mean 3.18 mm), height 1.28–1.80 mm (mean 1.54 mm), H/D 0.48–0.49 (mean 0.48). Protoconch flat, of 1.12 whorls, diameter 0.50–0.57 mm. Protoconch sculpture reticulate consisting of 15 prominent, widely spaced, broad, continuous spiral cords that intersect with widely spaced radial ridges on the early part of the protoconch forming a lattice; the ridges developing into widely spaced radial ribs on the latter part of the protoconch, here intersected and crossed by much lower spiral cords that form beads at their intersection. Teleoconch sculpture of numerous, prominent, quite uniformly spaced, slightly sinuate, opisthocline radial ribs. Ribs on body whorl 94–146 (mean 120), width of interstices on the first teleoconch whorl greater than or equal to width of six ribs; on the penultimate whorl greater than or equal to width of six ribs; each rib with more than one periostracal blade which overlap. Interstitial sculpture of low prominent microradial ribs and low, weaker microspiral cords forming weak beads at their intersection; number of microradials between ribs on the first teleoconch whorl 8–9; on first quarter of body whorl 7. Aperture broadly ovately-lunate. Parietal callus prominent, transparent. Umbilicus wide cup-shaped, diameter 0.72–1.01 mm (mean 0.91 mm), D/U 3.39–3.64 (mean 3.52). Based on 2 measured adults. Anatomy unknown. Remarks. Dictyoropa eurythma (Hedley, 1924) n. comb. is revised at this time in order to stabilise the nomenclature of the species originally included in Gyrocochlea (see Hedley 1924). A type specimen was never designated for this species. The Australian Museum has a specimen labelled holotype (AM C.63525) but there is a discrepancy between the labelled type and the original description. Hedley’s original description of Gyrocochlea eurythma states that the species has ‘one hundred and ten close, fine radial riblets on the last whorl’. The specimen in the Australian Museum designated as the holotype has a rib count of 146 fine close ribs and therefore is not considered to be the type of the species or part of the type series. Smith (1992) does not cite AM C.63525 as the type but cites a syntype series of 4 specimens (AM C.103618). One of the specimens in this series has a body whorl rib count of 94 (however the end of the body whorl is broken and missing). Most significantly this has a rib count on the first adult whorl of 54 which is exactly the figure given by Hedley (1924). This measurement is considered a more stable character than body whorl rib count and tends to show less variance among species than the latter count (J. Stanisic, personal observation). Hence, in consideration of the problem with the labelled type in the Australian Museum, and in the absence of any other original material, the syntype mentioned above has been chosen here as lectotype. The type locality (deduced from Petterd material cited by Hedley in relation to other species in that publication) is probably somewhere between the Brunswick and Tweed Rivers, north-eastern NSW. The specimen chosen as lectotype has reticulate protoconch sculpture (Fig. 36G). Others in the syntype series (AM C.475920) have a predominantly crowded spiral sculpture and represent a different genus and species (Fig. 36H).

Planorbacochlea watagan n. sp. (Figs 15E; 16E; 17E; 18D; 19E) Etymology. Named for the Watagans Mountains, west of Lake Macquarie, NSW. Diagnosis. Shell very small, light brown, biconcave with weakly depressed spire. Protoconch sculpture strongly spiral consisting of 22 prominent, closely spaced, beaded spiral cords; and weak, closely spaced radial ridges becoming more pronounced toward the protoconch-teleoconch boundary. Teleoconch sculpture of numerous, prominent, quite uniformly spaced, slightly sinuate, orthocline radial ribs. Ribs on body whorl 174–228. Umbilicus open, U-shaped. Type material examined. Holotype. AM C.309158, Olney State Forest, at The Basin camping area, upper Wollombi Brook, Watagan Mountains, SW of Newcastle, NSW (33° 06’ 14” S, 151° 13' 46” E), 16.i.2000, coll. M. Shea. Paratypes. AM C.472886, same data as holotype. Wyong State Forest: AM C.162128, AM C.319715, AM C.319920 (33° 13’ 58”'S, 151° 20’ 23” E). Watagan National Park: AM C.309157 (33° 50’ 0” S, 151° 26’ 01” E). Description. Shell very small, light brown, biconcave with weakly depressed spire. Whorls 3.0–3.75, tightly coiled, the last inflated and descending in front. Sutures strongly impressed. Shell diameter 2.87–3.42 mm (mean 3.25 mm), height 1.56–1.79 mm (mean 1.66 mm), H/D 0.49–0.56 (mean 0.51). Protoconch flat, of 1.25 whorls, diameter 0.45–0.58 mm. Protoconch sculpture strongly spiral consisting of 22 prominent, closely spaced, beaded spiral cords and weak, closely spaced radial ridges becoming more pronounced toward the protoconch-teleoconch boundary. Teleoconch sculpture of numerous, prominent, quite uniformly spaced, slightly sinuate, orthocline radial ribs. Ribs on body whorl 174–228 (mean 188), width of interstices on the first teleoconch whorl equal to width of three to less than six ribs; on the penultimate whorl equal to width of three to less than six ribs; each rib with two or more periostracal blades with overlapping thickenings. Interstitial sculpture of low prominent microradial ribs and low, weaker microspiral cords forming weak beads at their intersection; number of microradials between ribs on the first teleoconch whorl 4–6; on first quarter of body whorl 4–7; height of microspirals variable. Aperture broadly ovately-lunate. Parietal callus prominent, transparent. Umbilicus open, U-shaped, diameter 0.81–1.06 mm (mean 0.85 mm), D/U 3.24–3.74 (mean 3.62). Based on 6 measured adults. Anatomy unknown. Distribution and habitat. Wyong-Watagan Mountains district, west of Wyong and Lake Macquarie, NSW; in subtropical rainforest to understorey vine thicket in sclerophyll forest, in litter, under logs and rocks. Remarks. Planorbacochlea watagan n. sp. differs from P. hawkesburyana by having fewer spiral cords on the protoconch and more numerous radial ribs on the teleoconch.

Comboynea mountaineer n. sp. (Figs 29F; 31F; 33F; 35F) Etymology. For the Mountaineer Trail. Diagnosis. Shell very small, orange brown, biconcave with depressed spire. Protoconch sculpture primarily spiral consisting of 28 crowded, low, flattened, narrow spiral cords and faint, irregularly spaced, underlying radial ridges. Teleoconch sculpture of numerous, prominent, quite uniformly spaced, weakly sinuate, opisthocline radial ribs with a shallow sinus present at the suture junction. Ribs on body whorl 130 (mean 130). Umbilicus open, U-shaped. Type material examined. Holotype. AM C.309160. Barrington Tops NP, Mountaineer Trail, ca 2 km from the beginning of the trail (at Forest Rd), New South Wales, (32° 7’ 10” S, 151° 40’ 12” E), 9. ii. 2002, coll. M. Shea, I. Hyman and C. Urquhart. Paratypes. AM C. 472878, same data as holotype. Description. Shell very small, orange-brown, biconcave with depressed spire. Whorls 3.75–3.87, tightly coiled, the last inflated and descending in front. Sutures strongly impressed. Shell diameter 3.5–3.9 mm (mean 3.7 mm), height 1.93–2.24 mm (mean 2.09 mm), H/D 0.55–0.57 (mean 0.56). Protoconch flat, of 1.0 whorls, diameter 0.65 mm. Protoconch sculpture primarily spiral consisting of 28 crowded, low, flattened, narrow spiral cords and faint, irregularly spaced, underlying radial ridges. Teleoconch sculpture of numerous, prominent, quite uniformly spaced, weakly sinuate, opisthocline radial ribs with a shallow sinus present at the suture junction. Ribs on body whorl 130 (mean 130), width of interstices on the first teleoconch whorl equal to width of four to greater than or equal to width of six ribs; on the penultimate whorl equal to width of four to greater than or equal to width of six ribs; each rib with two or more periostracal blades. Interstitial sculpture of low, prominent microradial ribs and low, weaker microspiral cords forming weak beads at their intersection; number of microradials between ribs on the first teleoconch whorl 11–12; on first quarter of body whorl 7–10. Aperture, narrowly ovately-lunate. Parietal callus prominent, transparent. Umbilicus wide, U-shaped, diameter 0.86–0.93 mm (mean 0.89 mm), D/U 03.85–4.54 (mean 4.17). Based on 2 measured adults (one damaged). Anatomy unknown. Distribution and habitat. Barrington Tops NP, Mountaineer Trail, ca 2 km from the beginning of the trail (at Forest Rd); found in mixed beech, eucalypt and Callicoma forest, recovered from litter. Remarks. Comboynea mountaineer n. sp. conchologically closely resembles Co. boorganna n. sp. from the Comboyne Plateau, differing mainly in the greater number of apical spiral cords. However, the montane distributions of the two species and the relative isolation of their localities make it highly unlikely that they are conspecifics. It is desirable to obtain live material of Co. mountaineer to test this hypothesis more fully through DNA studies.

Planorbacochlea parriwiensis n. sp. (Figs 20E; 21E; 22E; 23E; 24C; 25H; 26H; 27H) Etymology. Named for Parriwi Park, Mosman, Sydney, New South Wales. Diagnosis. Shell very small, orange-brown to brown, biconcave with weakly depressed spire. Protoconch sculpture strongly reticulate (lattice-like) consisting of 15 to 17 prominent, widely spaced, spiral cords and prominent widely spaced, broad radial ribs. Teleoconch sculpture of numerous, prominent, quite uniformly spaced, slightly sinuate, orthocline radial ribs. Ribs on body whorl 55–91. Umbilicus wide, cup-shaped. Penis club- or pear-shaped with a long tapering distal portion, apically with a verge approximately one third length of penis, pilasters absent. Verge bulbous with a terminal pore. Type material examined. Holotype. AM C.462433, Parriwi Park, beside Spit road, next to Scout Hall, The Spit, Sydney, NSW (33° 48' 37.8” S; 151° 14' 47.5” E), 25.iv.1999, coll. M. Shea. Paratypes. (All Sydney Basin, NSW) Parriwi Park: AM C.462478, AM C.472885. Chinamans Beach: AM C.462509, AM C.462513. North Balgowlah: AM C.464075. Description. Shell very small, orange-brown to brown, biconcave with weakly depressed spire. Whorls 3.50–4.37, tightly coiled, the last inflated and descending in front. Sutures strongly impressed. Shell diameter 2.96–3.82 mm (mean 3.37 mm), height 1.64–2.09 mm (mean 1.84 mm), H/D 0.53–0.56 (mean 0.54). Protoconch flat, of 1.25 whorls, diameter 0.43–0.60 mm. Protoconch sculpture strongly reticulate (lattice-like) consisting of 15 to 17 prominent, widely spaced, spiral cords; and prominent widely spaced radial ribs. Teleoconch sculpture of numerous, prominent, quite uniformly spaced, slightly sinuate, orthocline radial ribs. Ribs on body whorl 55–91 (mean 77), width of interstices on the first teleoconch whorl equal to width of four to less than six ribs; on the penultimate whorl equal to width of four to less than six ribs; each rib with two or more periostracal blades with overlapping thickenings. Interstitial sculpture of low prominent microradial ribs and low, weaker microspiral cords forming weak beads at their intersection; number of microradials between ribs on the first teleoconch whorl 6–7; on first quarter of body whorl 14–15; height of microspirals variable. Aperture broadly ovately-lunate. Parietal callus prominent, transparent. Umbilicus wide, cup-shaped, diameter 0.86–1.23 mm (mean 1.05 mm), D/U 2.98–3.72 (mean 3.31). Based on 10 measured adults. Reproductive organs with ovotestis containing two clumps of alveoli, with more than two alveolar lobes per clump. Hermaphroditic duct narrow crescent shape. Penial retractor muscle inserting at the junction of the penis and epiphallus. Epiphallus shorter than penis, entering latter through a bulbous verge having a terminal pore. Verge approximately one third length of penis, penis club- or pear-shaped, with a long tapering distal portion; pilasters absent. Vagina shorter than penis. Atrium very short. Distribution and habitat. Northern Sydney, NSW; in urban bushland remnants in sclerophyll forest and moister woodland to dry vine thicket in sheltered gullies, found on underside of logs, wood and stones. Remarks. P. parriwiensis n. sp. is distinguished from other Sydney Basin Planorbacochlea by the protoconch sculpture. The strongly reticulate (lattice-like) pattern of P. parriwiensis comprising widely spaced spiral cords and widely spaced radial ribs contrasts with the densely crowded spiral pattern seen in P. hawkesburyana with which it is sympatric. The difference is suggestive of generic differentiation from Planorbacochlea. However, the currently available DNA data show the species to be more closely aligned with that genus than any other lineage investigated in the current study., Published as part of Shea, M., Colgan, D. J. & Stanisic, J., 2012, 3585, pp. 1-109 in Zootaxa 3585 on pages 43-48, {"references":["Stanisic, J., Shea, M., Potter, D. and Griffiths, O. (2010) Australian Land Snails Volume 1: A Field Guide to Eastern Australian Species. Bioculture Press, Mauritius, 591 pp."]}

Cancellocochlea coolongolook n. sp. (Figs 29G; 31G; 33G; 35G; 37G; 39C; 40C; 41B) Etymology. For the hamlet of Coolongolook. Diagnosis. Shell very small, light orange-brown, biconcave with depressed spire. Protoconch sculpture reticulate consisting of 19 prominent, widely spaced, narrow spiral cords and prominent curved, widely spaced radial ribs. Teleoconch sculpture of numerous, prominent, widely spaced, slightly sinuate, prosocline radial ribs. Ribs on body whorl 44–67 (mean 57). Umbilicus wide cup-shaped. Epiphallus shorter than penis, entering penis through a bud-like verge with a lateral slit. Penis with an expanded apical portion becoming tubular distally; no pilasters present. Type material examined. Holotype. AM C.463435, Bachelor State Forest, south of Coolongolook, New South Wales, (32° 15´07.8” S, 152° 20´28.9” E), 9.v.2009, coll. J. Stanisic. Paratypes. AM C.466292, AM C.466293, same data as holotype. Description. Shell very small, light orange-brown, biconcave with depressed spire. Whorls 3.50–3.75, tightly coiled, the last inflated and descending in front. Sutures strongly impressed. Shell diameter 2.77–3.25 mm (mean 2.91 mm), height 1.38–1.57 mm (mean 1.45 mm), H/D 0.49–0.52 (mean 0.51). Protoconch flat, of 1.25 whorls, diameter 0.40–0.53 mm. Protoconch sculpture reticulate consisting of 19 prominent, widely spaced, narrow spiral cords and prominent curved, widely spaced radial ribs. Teleoconch sculpture of numerous, prominent, widely spaced, slightly sinuate, prosocline radial ribs. Ribs on body whorl 44–67 (mean 57), width of interstices on the first teleoconch whorl equal to width of three to less than six ribs; on the penultimate whorl equal to width of four to less than six ribs; each rib with one, two or more periostracal blades. Interstitial sculpture of low prominent microradial ribs and low, weaker microspiral cords forming weak beads at their intersection; number of microradials between ribs on the first teleoconch whorl 6–9; on first quarter of body whorl 9–11. Aperture broadly ovately-lunate. Parietal callus prominent, transparent. Umbilicus wide cup-shaped, diameter 0.74–1.01 mm (mean 0.89 mm), D/U 2.98–3.74 (mean 3.27). Based on 8 measured adults. Reproductive tract with ovotestis containing two clumps of alveoli, with more than two alveolar lobes per clump. Hermaphroditic duct crescent-shaped. Spermatheca with a large circular to oval bulb. Penial retractor muscle inserting at the junction of the penis and epiphallus. Epiphallus shorter than penis, entering penis through a verge. Penis with an expanded apical portion becoming tubular distally. Verge bud-like with a lateral slit. No pilasters present. Vagina shorter than penis. Atrium short. Distribution and habitat. Known only from Bachelor State Forest, south of Coolongolook, NSW; found in wet sclerophyll/rainforest, living under logs. Remarks. Cancellocochlea coolongolook n. sp. has protoconch sculpture (reticulate) that more closely resembles that of some species currently assigned to Planorbacochlea (viz. P. yessabahensis, P. nambucca) than to Ca. heatherae n. sp and seems to indicate the presence of a presently unrecognised local clade. While the penial verge structure is similar to that of Comboynea boorganna it could equally as well associate the species with some of the Planorbacochlea species. A yet-to-be described species (Ca. cf. coolongolook.: Figs 30A; 32A; 34A) with similar protoconch characteristics and gross shell morphology also occurs in Boorganna Nature Reserve on the Comboyne Plateau where it is sympatric with Co. boorganna.

Gyrocochlea vinitincta (Cox, 1868) (Figs 36A; 39I; 40H; 41H) Helix vinitincta Cox, 1868: 18 Gyrocochlea vinitincta (Cox): Hedley 1924: 218; Iredale 1937: 322; Iredale 1941a: 268; Stanisic 1990: 79; Stanisic et al. 2010: 202. Diagnosis. Shell small, reddish-brown, strongly biconcave with a deeply depressed spire. Protoconch sculpture very finely cancellate comprising about 40 very closely spaced, fine spiral lirae and fine radial threads, beaded at their intersections. Teleoconch sculpture of numerous, prominent, quite uniformly, closely spaced, slightly sinuate, strongly prosocline radial ribs. Ribs on body whorl 106–153 (mean 129). Umbilicus wide U-shaped. Type material examined. Holotype. AM C.63490, Upper Richmond River, NSW (28° 30’ 30” S, 152° 59’ E), under logs in brushes, 1867, coll. J. MacGillivray. Paratype. AM C.103624, same data as holotype. Other material examined. Whian Whian State Forest: AM C.139751. Mt Warning: QMMO 10487, QMMO 19798. Lamington National Park: AM C.63886, QMMO 79060. Description. Shell very small, reddish-brown, strongly biconcave with a deeply depressed spire. Whorls 3.75–4.50, tightly coiled, the last inflated and descending in front. Sutures strongly impressed. Shell diameter 7.55–9.28 mm (mean 8.56 mm), height 4.61–5.36 mm (mean 4.92 mm), H/D 0.56–0.61 (mean 0.58). Protoconch flat, of 1.25 whorls, diameter 0.82–1.10 mm. Protoconch sculpture very finely cancellate comprising very closely spaced, spiral lirae intersected by numerous fine radial threads, beaded at their intersections; number of protoconch spirals 40. Teleoconch sculpture of numerous, prominent, quite uniformly, closely spaced, slightly sinuate, strongly prosocline radial ribs. Ribs on body whorl 106–153 (mean 129), width of interstices on the first teleoconch whorl equal to width of four to less than width of six ribs; on the penultimate whorl equal to width of three to less than width of four ribs; each rib with multiple periostracal blades; overlapping thickenings absent. Interstitial sculpture of low prominent microradial ribs and low, weaker microspiral cords forming weak beads at their intersection; number of microradials between ribs on the first teleoconch whorl 12; on first quarter of body whorl 14. Aperture broadly ovately-lunate. Parietal callus prominent, transparent. Umbilicus wide U-shaped, diameter 1.52–2.05 mm (mean 1.74 mm), D/U 3.97–5.69 (mean 4.94). Based on 12 measured adults. Reproductive tract with ovotestis containing two clumps of broad brain-shaped alveoli (one largely missing in dissected specimen); with numerous short alveolar lobes per clump. Spermatheca with small oval bulb. Hermaphroditic duct twisted or kinked medially and kinked at junction with albumen gland. Penial retractor muscle inserting at the junction of the penis and epiphallus. Epiphallus longer than penis, entering penis through a simple pore (verge absent). Penis tubular with an expanded apical portion, internally with 4–5, anastomosing longitudinal pilasters. Vagina shorter than penis. Atrium short. Distribution and habitat. Richmond River, north-eastern NSW to the Border Ranges, south-eastern Queensland; found in lowland to mid altitude rainforest mainly on basaltic soils, living on the underside of logs and fallen bark. Remarks. Gyrocochlea vinitincta Hedley, 1924 is the largest biconcave charopid in north-eastern New South Wales and south-east Queensland and is distinguished by the very large (for family) dark red-brown shell with deep whorls, sunken spire and crowded ribs on the teleoconch (particularly on the first teleoconch whorl). Stanisic (1990) mistakenly refers to the presence of a verge in the dissected specimen of this species from Mount Warning National Park. Results of the current study indicate that the vergic structure referred to was in fact an eversion of the muscular ring surrounding the epiphallic pore. The revised diagnosis and description given above are based solely on material examined here., Published as part of Shea, M., Colgan, D. J. & Stanisic, J., 2012, 3585, pp. 1-109 in Zootaxa 3585 on pages 86-87, {"references":["Cox, J. C. (1868) A Monograph of Australian Land Shells. William Maddock, Sydney. 111 pp.","Hedley, C. (1924) Some notes on Australian land shells. Australian Zoologist, 3, 215 - 221.","Iredale, T. (1937) A basic list of the land Mollusca of Australia. Australian Zoologist, 8, 287 - 333.","Iredale, T. (1941 a) Guide to the land shells of New South Wales. Part 2. The Australian Naturalist, 10, 262 - 269.","Stanisic, J. (1990) Systematics and biogeography of eastern Australian Charopidae (Mollusca: Pulmonata). Memoirs of the Queensland Museum, 30, 1 - 241.","Stanisic, J., Shea, M., Potter, D. and Griffiths, O. (2010) Australian Land Snails Volume 1: A Field Guide to Eastern Australian Species. Bioculture Press, Mauritius, 591 pp."]}

Planorbacochlea graemei n. sp. (Figs 15F; 16F; 17F; 18E; 19F) Etymology. Named for the late Graeme Annabel who first collected this species and who made a significant contribution to our knowledge of the terrestrial micro-snails of eastern Australia. Diagnosis. Shell very small, pale orange-brown, biconcave with weakly depressed spire. Protoconch sculpture spiral consisting of 26 prominent, closely spaced, beaded spiral cords and weak, closely spaced radial ridges becoming more pronounced toward the protoconch-teleoconch boundary. Teleoconch sculpture of numerous, prominent, quite uniformly spaced, slightly sinuate, orthocline to weakly prosocline radial ribs. Ribs on body whorl 45–68. Umbilicus wide cup-shaped. Type material examined. Holotype. AM C.462745, Speers Point, Lake Macquarie Reserve, above end of Farm Street, NSW (32 965° S, 151 632° E), 3.viii.2005, coll. G. Annabell. Paratypes. AM C.462740, AM C.462743, AM C.472882, same data as holotype. Description. Shell very small, pale orange-brown, biconcave with weakly depressed spire. Whorls 3.00–3.75, tightly coiled, the last inflated and descending in front. Sutures strongly impressed. Shell diameter 2.66–3.25 mm (mean 2.80 mm), height 1.44–1.58 mm (mean 1.50 mm), H/D 0.49–0.55 (mean 0.53). Protoconch flat, of one whorl, diameter 0.35–0.48 mm. Protoconch sculpture spiral consisting of 26 prominent, closely spaced, beaded spiral cords and weak, closely spaced radial ridges becoming more pronounced toward the protoconch-teleoconch boundary. Teleoconch sculpture of numerous, prominent, quite uniformly spaced, slightly sinuate, orthocline to weakly prosocline radial ribs. Ribs on body whorl 45–68 (mean 54), width of rib interstices on the first teleoconch whorl greater than or equal to width of six ribs; on the penultimate whorl greater than or equal to width of six ribs; each rib with two or more periostracal blades with overlapping thickenings. Interstitial sculpture of low prominent microradial ribs and low, weaker microspiral cords forming weak beads at their intersection; number of microradials between ribs on the first teleoconch whorl 9–18; on first quarter of body whorl 12; height of microspirals very low. Aperture broadly ovately-lunate. Parietal callus prominent, transparent. Umbilicus wide cup-shaped, diameter 0.74–0.99 mm (mean 0.85 mm), D/U 3.30–3.62 (mean 3.40). Based on 5 measured adults. Anatomy unknown. Distribution and habitat. Known only from the type locality at Speers Point, in littoral rainforest; recovered from litter. Remarks. Planorbacochlea graemei n. sp. is readily separated from all others in the P. hawkesburyana complex by the combination of very widely spaced radial ribs on the teleoconch and fewer spiral cords on the protoconch., Published as part of Shea, M., Colgan, D. J. & Stanisic, J., 2012, 3585, pp. 1-109 in Zootaxa 3585 on page 50

Comboynea boorganna n. sp. (Figs 29E; 31E; 33E; 35E; 37F, H; 39D; 40D; 41A) Etymology. For the Boorganna Nature Reserve. Diagnosis. Shell very small, orange-brown, biconcave with depressed spire. Protoconch sculpture primarily spiral consisting of 22 prominent, crowded, low, broad spiral cords and very weak, irregularly spaced, underlying radial ridges. Teleoconch sculpture of numerous, prominent, quite uniformly spaced, slightly sinuate, opisthocline radial ribs. Ribs on body whorl 99–129 (mean 108). Umbilicus wide U-shaped. Epiphallus shorter than penis, entering penis through a simple bud-like verge with a lateral slit. Penis with an expanded apical portion becoming tubular distally;. no pilasters present. Type material examined. Holotype. QMMO80158, Boorganna Nature Reserve, ca. 6.3 km SW of Comboyne, NSW (31° 38´S, 152° 25´E), rainforest, under logs, 21.xi.1989, coll. J. Stanisic, D. Potter. Paratypes. QMMO31451, AM C.163287, both same data as holotype. Description. Shell very small, orange-brown, biconcave with depressed spire. Whorls 3.75–4.00, tightly coiled, the last inflated and descending in front. Sutures strongly impressed. Shell diameter 3.79–3.97 mm (mean 3.88 mm), height 2.07–2.28 mm (mean 2.18 mm), H/D 0.54–0.59 (mean 0.56). Protoconch flat, of 1.12–1.25 whorls, diameter 0.51–0.69 mm. Protoconch sculpture primarily spiral consisting of 22 prominent, crowded, low, broad spiral cords and very weak, irregularly spaced, underlying radial ridges. Teleoconch sculpture of numerous, prominent, quite uniformly spaced, slightly sinuate, opisthocline radial ribs. Ribs on body whorl 99–129 (mean 108), width of interstices on the first teleoconch whorl equal to width of four to greater than or equal to width of six ribs; on the penultimate whorl equal to width of four to greater than or equal to width of six ribs; each rib with two or more periostracal blades. Interstitial sculpture of low prominent microradial ribs and low, weaker microspiral cords forming weak beads at their intersection; number of microradials between ribs on the first teleoconch whorl 11–12; on first quarter of body whorl 12–13. Aperture narrowly ovately-lunate. Parietal callus prominent, transparent. Umbilicus wide U-shaped, diameter 0.83–1.00 mm (mean 0.92 mm), D/U 3.88–4.78 (mean 4.28). Based on 5 measured adults. Reproductive tract with ovotestis containing two clumps of alveoli, with more than two alveolar lobes per clump. Hermaphroditic duct crescent-shaped. Spermatheca with a large oval bulb. Penial retractor muscle inserting at the junction of the penis and epiphallus. Epiphallus shorter than penis, entering penis through a simple bud-like verge with a lateral slit. Penis with an expanded apical portion becoming tubular distally; no pilasters present. Vagina shorter than penis. Atrium short. Distribution and habitat. Known only from the type locality; found in subtropical/warm temperate rainforest, living on the underside of logs. Remarks. Comboynea boorganna n. sp. is known only from the upland rainforests (approximate altitude 700 m) of the isolated Comboyne Plateau. It is distinguished from two other yet-to-be described nautiliform charopids by the distinctly spiral protoconch sculpture (cancellate in the former). It most closely resembles Co. mountaineer n. sp. from the geographically distant Barrington Tops National Park.

Dictyoropa n. gen. Gyrocochlea Hedley, 1924: 215 (in part); Iredale 1937: 322 (in part); Iredale 1941a: 267 (in part); Smith 1992: 190 (in part); Stanisic et al. 2010: 196 (in part). Type species. Dictyoropa eurythma (Hedley, 1924) n. comb. —here designated. Etymology. From the Greek diktyos = net, referring to the net-like protoconch sculpture. Diagnosis. Shell very small, cinnamon brown, spire slightly sunken. Protoconch sculpture reticulate consisting of prominent, widely spaced, broad, continuous spiral cords that intersect with widely spaced radial ribs and ridges. Teleoconch sculpture of numerous, prominent, quite uniformly spaced, slightly sinuate, opisthocline radial ribs. Umbilicus wide cup-shaped. Range and habitat. From the Clarence River drainage, NSW north to the Queensland Border; found in rainforest on volcanics, living under logs and rocks. Remarks. Dictyoropa n. gen. has reticulate protoconch sculpture which is similar to that of Cancellocochlea coolongolook and Planorbacochlea parriwiensis. It differs mainly in having fewer spiral and radial elements. This pattern of reticulate protoconch sculpture features in several yet to be described charopids north of the Clarence River drainage apart from the type species.

Cancellocochlea heatherae n. sp. (Figs 29H; 31H; 33H; 35H; 37E) Etymology. For Heather, daughter of the late Graeme Annabell. Diagnosis. Shell (slightly sub-adult) very small, pale orange-brown, biconcave with depressed spire. Protoconch sculpture spiral comprising 20 prominent, crowded, beaded spiral cords and very weak, regularly spaced, curved radial ridges which become more prominent toward the protoconch/teleoconch boundary. Teleoconch sculpture of numerous, prominent, quite uniformly spaced, slightly sinuate, prosocline to orthocline radial ribs. Ribs on body whorl 108. Umbilicus wide U-shaped. Type material examined. Holotype. AM C.464074, Pacific Highway rest area south of Johns River, north of Taree, NSW (31˚45´53” S, 152˚40´19” E), 17.x.2000, coll. G. Annabell. Paratype. AM C.472879, same locality as holotype. Description. Shell slightly sub-adult, very small, pale orange-brown, biconcave with depressed spire. Whorls 3.85, tightly coiled, the last inflated and descending in front. Sutures strongly impressed. Shell diameter 3.03 mm, height 1.55, H/D 0.51. Protoconch flat, of one whorl, diameter 0.46 mm. Protoconch sculpture spiral comprising 20 prominent, crowded, beaded spiral cords and weak, regularly spaced, curved radial ridges which become more prominent toward the protoconch-teleoconch boundary. Teleoconch sculpture of numerous, prominent, quite uniformly spaced, slightly sinuate, prosocline to orthocline radial ribs. Ribs on body whorl 108, width of interstices on the first teleoconch whorl equal to or greater than width of four ribs; on the penultimate whorl equal to or greater than width of six ribs; each rib with two or more periostracal blades. Interstitial sculpture of low prominent microradial ribs and low, weaker microspiral cords forming weak beads at their intersection; number of microradials between ribs on the first teleoconch whorl 6–7; on first quarter of body whorl 8–9. Aperture broadly ovately-lunate. Parietal callus prominent, transparent. Umbilicus wide U-shaped, diameter 0.88 mm, D/U 3.43. Based on one measured sub-adult. Anatomy unknown. Distribution and habitat. Known only from the type locality; found in sclerophyll forest, presumably under logs. Remarks. Cancellocochlea heatherae n. sp. is known only from the type locality. Although only the type and another slightly sub-adult specimen were available for study, a formal description of the species is provided at this time because it represents yet another grade of shell organisation in an area which the nautiliform charopids appear to be extremely diverse. The shell morphology (protoconch sculpture, shell coiling, umbilical shape) is similar to Planorbacochlea from the Hunter/Port Stephens area. COI and ITS-2 DNA sequences showed the species to be more closely related to Ca. coolongolook than P. planorbis. However, this does not necessarily indicate close relationship with Cancellocochlea s.s. given that Ca. coolongolook has a reticulate protoconch. These seemingly conflicting results would seem to question the reliability of using protoconch sculpture as an accurate indicator of generic placement. However, it more probably indicates the need to categorise the protoconch types more carefully in terms of their micro-architecture., Published as part of Shea, M., Colgan, D. J. & Stanisic, J., 2012, 3585, pp. 1-109 in Zootaxa 3585 on page 80

Richmondaropa conjuncta (Iredale, 1941) n. comb. (Figs 30D, E; 32D, E; 34D, E; 36D, E; 38C, D) Roblinella conjuncta Iredale, 1941b: 1; Iredale 1941a: 268 (illustration only). Roblinella conjuncta: Smith 1992: 203. Gyrocochlea conjuncta (Iredale): Stanisic et al. 2010: 200. Type locality. Byron Bay, NSW. Diagnosis. Shell very small, cinnamon brown, planispiral with flat to slightly depressed spire. Protoconch sculpture primarily spiral consisting of 17 prominent, widely spaced, narrow, continuous spiral cords; underlying weak radial ridges present. Teleoconch sculpture of numerous, prominent, quite uniformly spaced, slightly sinuate, orthocline to weakly prosocline radial ribs. Ribs on body whorl 67–100 (mean 77). Umbilicus wide U-shaped to cup-shaped. Type material examined. Neotype (here designated) AM C.5311, Byron Bay, NSW (28° 39' S, 153° 37' E), 1908. Other material examined. Byron Bay: AM C.140243, AM C.472888. Brunswick Heads: QMMO 16789. Description. Shell very small, cinnamon-brown, planispiral with flat to slightly depressed spire. Whorls 3.50–4.25, tightly coiled, the last weakly expanding and strongly descending in front. Sutures strongly impressed. Shell diameter 3.46–4.04 mm (mean 3.74 mm), height 1.81–2.26 mm (mean 2.08 mm), H/D 0.50–0.59 (mean 0.55). Protoconch flat, of 1.12 whorls, diameter 0.56–0.67 mm. Protoconch sculpture primarily spiral consisting of 17 prominent, widely spaced, narrow, continuous spiral cords; underlying weak radial ridges present. Teleoconch sculpture of numerous, prominent, quite uniformly spaced, slightly sinuate, orthocline to weakly prosocline radial ribs. Ribs on body whorl 67–100 (mean 77), width of interstices on the first teleoconch whorl greater than or equal to width of six ribs; on the penultimate whorl greater than or equal to width of six ribs; each rib with one or more periostracal blades; with or without overlapping thickenings. Interstitial sculpture of low prominent microradial ribs and low, weaker microspiral cords forming weak beads at their intersection; number of microradials between ribs on the first teleoconch whorl 5–8; on first quarter of body whorl 13–17. Aperture broadly ovately-lunate. Parietal callus prominent, transparent. Umbilicus wide U-shaped to cup-shaped, diameter 0.80–1.16 mm (mean 0.99 mm), D/U 3.32–4.36 (mean 3.79). Based on 11 measured adults. Anatomy unknown. Distribution and habitat. Coastally in the Byron Bay region, north-eastern NSW; found in rainforest and vine thicket; living on underside of logs. Remarks. Iredale (1941) did not provide details about the protoconch of the type of Richmondaropa conjuncta n. comb. when he described the species. The type cannot now be located so that the protoconch sculpture cannot be determined. However, by assigning the species to Roblinella Iredale, 1937 (type: Helix roblini Petterd, 1879) Iredale identified this species as having a primarily spiral protoconch (see note below). Additionally, the comparatively low rib count for the body whorl (approx. 80) given by Iredale (1941b) is distinctive among the nautiliform charopids of north-eastern NSW. The illustration of the species, provided by that author in a publication (Iredale 1941a) preceding that in which the original description appeared (Iredale 1941b), clearly shows the wide rib spacing on the body whorl. Contemporary collections from the coastal rainforests around the Byron Bay area have discovered specimens which align quite closely with Iredale’s description. Hence, in order to stabilise this name a neotype is here designated from this recently collected material. R. conjuncta differs from R. prava by having more tightly coiled whorls and fewer, more widely spaced radial ribs on the teleoconch. This species may only be a regional variant of R. prava, however without DNA results and soft parts to study, full species status is retained pending further study. A second large undescribed planispiral charopid occurs sympatrically with R. conjuncta distinguished by more crowded teleoconch ribs, shallower whorls, wider umbilicus and a cancellate protoconch not dissimilar to ‘Gyrocochlea’ species. A specimen identified as R. conjuncta from the Byron Bay-Brunswick Heads road in the Queensland Museum collections had a higher teleoconch rib count (100), compared to other specimens from the Byron Bay area (up to 90). It is here included with R. conjuncta based on its proximity to the Byron Bay site but may in fact be R. prava. Note. Four species from Tasmania (H. agnewi Legrand, 1871, H. curacoae Brazier, 1871, H. mathinnae Petterd, 1879, H. gadenensis Petterd, 1879), one from South Australia (R. speranda Iredale, 1937) and Endodonta intermedia Odhner, 1917 from the Atherton Tableland, north-eastern Queensland, were originally placed in Roblinella by Iredale (1937) on the basis of spirally lirate protoconch sculpture. Subsequently, R. conjuncta Iredale, 1941 from Northern New South Wales was also assigned to this genus. Stanisic et al. (2010) reassigned R. intermedia to Sinployea Solem, 1983. Here we have assigned R. conjuncta to Richmondaropa n. gen. Detailed examination of the micro-architecture of the protoconchs of the remaining Tasmanian representatives indicates that Roblinella still remains a polyphyletic taxon requiring revision (J. Stanisic unpublished data).

Planorbacochlea reticulata n. sp. (Figs 29A; 31A; 33A; 35A; 37A; 39E; 40E; 41C, D) Etymology. From the Latin reticulatus = netlike, for the fine lattice-like network sculpture of the protoconch. Diagnosis. Shell very small, pale orange-brown to cinnamon, biconcave with depressed spire. Protoconch sculpture strongly cancellate consisting of 23 to 26 prominent, crowded, very narrow, high spiral cords and numerous, prominent and crowded radial ribs and ridges forming a distinct lattice, with beads forming at their intersection. Teleoconch sculpture of numerous, prominent, quite uniformly spaced, slightly sinuate, weakly prosocline radial ribs; microsculpture cancellate with prominent microradial ribs and low microspiral cords. Epiphallus equal in length to penis, entering penis through a simple pore. Verge absent. Penis tubular with an expanded apical portion, internally with eight short segmented, longitudinal pilasters. Type material examined. Holotype. AM C.377860, Gladstone State Forest. Zeehan Rd at Cooks Creek Trail, NSW (30°31’ 29” S, 152° 44’ 31” E), dry rainforest regrowth, in litter, 13.xi.1999, coll. J. Waterhouse, M. Shea. Paratypes. AM C.472877, same data as holotype. Other material examined. Clouds Creek State Forest: AM C.128278, AM C.128318. Dorrigo National Park: AM C.128349, AM C.128366, AM C.128369, AM C.140427, AM C.340427, AM C.377902, AM C.140256, AM C.377946. New England National Park: AM C.377497, AM C465278, AM C.465283, AM C.465294, AM C.465643, AM C.465645. Irishman State Forest: AM C.377520. Bosterbrick: AM C.377817. Nymboi-Binderay National Park: AM C.377823. Gladstone State Forest: AM C.377879. Roses Creek State Forest: AM C.377881. Description. Shell very small, pale orange-brown to cinnamon, biconcave with depressed spire. Whorls 3.12–4.00, tightly coiled, the last inflated and descending in front. Sutures strongly impressed. Shell diameter 2.90–3.45 mm (mean 3.15 mm), height 1.48–1.84 mm (mean 1.61 mm), H/D 0.47–0.56 (mean 0.52). Protoconch flat, of 1.25 whorls, diameter 0.42–0.59 mm. Protoconch sculpture strongly cancellate consisting of 23 to 26 prominent, crowded, very narrow, high spiral cords and numerous, crowded radial ribs and ridges forming a distinct lattice, with beads forming at their intersection. Teleoconch sculpture of numerous, prominent, quite uniformly spaced, slightly sinuate, weakly prosocline radial ribs. Ribs on body whorl 100–152 (mean 127), width of interstices on the first teleoconch whorl greater than or equal to width of six ribs; on the penultimate whorl equal to width of three to less than six ribs; each rib with one, two or more periostracal blades with overlapping thickenings. Interstitial sculpture of low prominent microradial ribs and low, weaker microspiral cords forming weak beads at their intersection; number of microradials between ribs on the first teleoconch whorl 6–7; on first quarter of body whorl 9–12. Aperture broadly ovately-lunate. Parietal callus prominent, transparent. Umbilicus wide cup-shaped, diameter 0.71–0.97 mm (mean 0.84 mm), D/U 3.41–4.18 (mean 3.75). Based on 13 measured adults. Reproductive tract with ovotestis containing two clumps of alveoli, with more than two alveolar lobes per clump. Hermaphroditic duct corrugated, crescent-shaped. Spermatheca with a medium-sized oval bulb. Penial retractor muscle inserting at the junction of the penis and epiphallus. Epiphallus equal in length to penis, entering penis through a simple pore. Penis tubular with an expanded apical portion, internally with eight short segmented, longitudinal pilasters. Vagina shorter than penis. Atrium short. Distribution and habitat. Widespread through the Bellinger, Kalang and upper Nymboida River catchments, NSW; found in a variety of habitats including tall dry sclerophyll forest, dry rainforest, subtropical rainforest, wet sclerophyll forest with rainforest understorey and warm temperate rainforest, living on the undersides of logs and rocks. Remarks. The protoconch sculpture of Planorbacochlea reticulata n. sp. differs from that seen in other Planorbacochlea species and some species currently assigned to Cancellocochlea n. gen. in that the lattice is formed by well defined, narrow, radial and spiral elements. Species with similar protoconch types are also known from scattered localities outside the known range (e.g. Bridal Veil Falls, NE Comboyne Plateau). Additional fieldwork is required to determine the full geographic range of the phenotype. Although not resolved by present DNA studies, we consider it likely that this protoconch type represents yet another genus. Nonetheless knowledge of this possibility is considered too rudimentary to name the genus in the context of the overall charopid fauna of north-eastern NSW. P. reticulata as currently defined has a wide distribution compared with other charopids examined in this study. The majority of material examined has been categorised on the basis of a cancellate protoconch sculpture identified by means of a light microscope. The region (in mid north-eastern NSW) is known to harbour numerous taxa with cancellate protoconchs differentiated only by their micro-architecture. Further detailed examination by scanning electron microscopy may yet reveal more than one species referred here to P. reticulata., Published as part of Shea, M., Colgan, D. J. & Stanisic, J., 2012, 3585, pp. 1-109 in Zootaxa 3585 on pages 58-59

Planorbacochlea dandahra n. sp. (Figs 20D; 21D; 22D; 23D) Etymology. For the Dandahra Creek which flows through the Gibraltar Range National Park. Diagnosis. Shell very small, pale pinkish brown, biconcave with depressed spire. Protoconch sculpture broadly reticulate consisting of 18 prominent, widely spaced, broad, continuous spiral cords that intersect with widely spaced radial ridges on the early part of the protoconch forming a lattice; the ridges developing into widely spaced radial ribs on the latter part of the protoconch, here intersected and crossed by much lower spiral cords that form beads at their intersection. Teleoconch sculpture of numerous, prominent, quite uniformly spaced, slightly sinuate, opisthocline radial ribs. Ribs on body whorl 94. Umbilicus wide cup-shaped. Type material examined. Holotype. QMMO80160, Gibraltar Range NP, c. 82 km E Glen Innes, Grafton-Glen Innes Rd, north-eastern NSW; (29° 26´S, 152° 23´E), alt. 500m, rainforest, under logs, iii.1981, coll. W. Ponder, J. Stanisic, O. Griffiths, D. Potter. Paratypes. QMMO10858, QMMO10844, AM C.128413, all same data as holotype. Gibraltar Range State Forest: AM C.464181. Description. Shell very small, pale pinkish brown, biconcave with depressed spire. Whorls 4.00, tightly coiled, but the last whorl expanding and descending in front. Sutures strongly impressed. Shell diameter 3.53 mm, height 1.86 mm, H/D 0.53. Protoconch flat, of 1.25 whorls, diameter 0.45 mm. Protoconch sculpture broadly reticulate consisting of 18 prominent, widely spaced, broad, continuous spiral cords that intersect with widely spaced radial ridges on the early part of the protoconch forming a lattice; the ridges developing into widely spaced radial ribs on the latter part of the protoconch, here intersected and crossed by much lower spiral cords that form beads at their intersection. Teleoconch sculpture of numerous, prominent, quite uniformly spaced, slightly sinuate, opisthocline radial ribs. Ribs on body whorl 94, width of interstices on the first teleoconch whorl greater than width of six ribs; on the penultimate whorlequal to width of four to greater than or equal to width of six ribs; each rib with two or more periostracal blades. Interstitial sculpture of low prominent microradial ribs and low, weaker microspiral cords forming weak beads at their intersection; number of microradials between ribs on the first teleoconch whorl 9–11; on first quarter of body whorl 7–8. Aperture broadly ovately-lunate. Parietal callus prominent, transparent. Umbilicus wide cup-shaped, diameter 1.04 mm, D/U 3.39. Based on 1 measured adult. Anatomy unknown. Distribution and habitat. Known only from the Gibraltar Range, north-eastern NSW; found in rainforest, living on underside of logs. Remarks. Planorbacochlea dandahra n. sp. is distinguished by a broadly reticulate protoconch which has continuous widely spaced spiral cords that intersect weak radial ridges on the early part of the protoconch forming a lattice; on the latter part of the protoconch the ridges develop into widely spaced radial ribs that form beads at their intersection with much lower spiral cords. The micro-architecture of the latter half of the protoconch is not dissimilar from that seen in the Sydney Basin Cumberlandica although these genera are not sister taxa (Figs 4, 5). There are also some similarities to the reticulate protoconchs of Planorbacochlea yessabahensis, P. nambucca, P. parriwiensis. However, in these latter species the radial elements are dominant over the entire length of the protoconch. The protoconch architecture of both P. yessabahensis and P. nambucca comes closest to that of P. dandahra but these two species differ significantly in coiling pattern in addition to having a depressed spire and Ushaped umbilicus. The reticulate protoconch of P. dandahra has similarities to those of other undescribed species both in the northern rivers area of NSW and the Border Ranges. Molecular results suggest that the species is included in Planorbacochlea. However, the true affinities of P. dandahra will only be established by additional studies of the mid- and north-eastern NSW nautiliform charopids. The protoconch type is more widespread than is indicated by the coverage presented here (unpublished data) and additional studies are needed to determine its full geographic range. P. dandahra had been previously confused in the QM collections with the sympatric ‘ Gyrocochlea’ gibraltar Stanisic, 2010. However it can readily be separated from that species on general shell morphology. P. dandahra has a weaker biconcave shell and more teleoconch ribs than ‘ G’. gibraltar (94 as opposed to 60). The protoconch of ‘ G’. gibraltar was not scanned and no soft parts were available for molecular studies so that the relationships of this species remain to be determined., Published as part of Shea, M., Colgan, D. J. & Stanisic, J., 2012, 3585, pp. 1-109 in Zootaxa 3585 on pages 59-60, {"references":["Stanisic, J., Shea, M., Potter, D. and Griffiths, O. (2010) Australian Land Snails Volume 1: A Field Guide to Eastern Australian Species. Bioculture Press, Mauritius, 591 pp."]}

Richmondaropa prava (Hedley, 1924) n. comb. (Figs 30B, C; 32B. C; 34B, C; 36B, C; 38A, B; 39F, G; 40F; 41E, F) Gyrocochlea prava Hedley, 1924: 217. Gyrocochlea prava: Iredale 1937: 323; Iredale 1941a: 268; Smith 1992: 191; Stanisic et al. 2010: 200. Diagnosis. Shell very small, cinnamon brown, biconcave with weakly depressed spire. Protoconch sculpture primarily spiral consisting of 21 prominent, widely spaced, narrow, continuous spiral cords; vague, very weak, underlying radial ridges present. Teleoconch sculpture of numerous, prominent, quite uniformly spaced, slightly sinuate, strongly prosocline radial ribs. Ribs on body whorl 100–117 (mean 104). Umbilicus wide U-shaped to cupshaped. Epiphallus longer than penis, entering penis through a simple pore (verge absent). Penis tubular with an expanded apical portion, internally with 2–3 longitudinal pilasters. Type material examined. Holotype. AM C63491, Upper Tweed River, NSW, coll. W. Petterd. Paratypes. AM C.103621, same data as holotype. Other material examined. NSW-Booyong Nature Reserve: AM C.140225, QMMO 17066. Richmond Range: QMMO 6273, QMMO 10909/ AM C.128499, QMMO 49123. Stotts Island: QMMO 10517, QMMO 78719. Lismore: QMMO 19824, QMMO 77015. Qld-Currumbin Valley: AM C.339711. Description. Shell very small, cinnamon brown, biconcave with weakly depressed spire. Whorls 3.62–4.5 (mean 4.00), tightly coiled, the last weakly expanding and strongly descending in front. Sutures strongly impressed. Shell diameter 3.59–3.93 mm (mean 3.77 mm), height 1.99–2.17 mm (mean 2.09 mm), H/D 0.48–0.77 (mean 0.55). Protoconch flat, of 1.12 whorls, diameter 0.56–0.67 mm. Protoconch sculpture primarily spiral consisting of 21 prominent, widely spaced, narrow, continuous spiral cords; underlying weak radial ridges present. Teleoconch sculpture of numerous, prominent, quite uniformly spaced, slightly sinuate, strongly prosocline radial ribs. Ribs on body whorl 100–117 (mean 104), width of interstices on the first teleoconch whorl equal to width of four to greater than or equal to width of six ribs; on the penultimate whorl equal to width of four to equal to width of six ribs; each rib with single periostracal blade. Interstitial sculpture of low prominent microradial ribs and low, weaker microspiral cords forming weak beads at their intersection; number of microradials between ribs on the first teleoconch whorl 5–8; on first quarter of body whorl 9–10. Aperture broadly ovately-lunate. Parietal callus prominent, transparent. Umbilicus wide U shaped to cup-shaped, diameter 0.82–1.32 mm (mean 1.04 mm), D/U 2.65–4.40 (mean 3.56). Based on 25 measured adults. Reproductive tract with ovotestis containing two clumps of alveoli, with more than two alveolar lobes per clump. Hermaphroditic duct corrugated, crescent-shaped. Spermatheca with a medium-sized circular bulb. Penial retractor muscle inserting on top of penis at the junction of the penis and epiphallus. Epiphallus longer than penis, entering penis through a simple pore (i.e. verge absent). Penis tubular with an expanded apical portion, internally with 2–3 longitudinal pilasters. Vagina shorter than penis. Atrium short. Distribution and habitat. Richmond River to the Border Ranges, north-eastern NSW; found in lowland to mid-altitude rainforest and vine thicket, living under logs. Remarks: Richmondaropa prava (Hedley, 1924) n. comb. is distinguished from the more coastal and parapatric Richmondaropa conjuncta (Iredale, 1941) n. comb. by its larger size, less tightly coiled whorls and more crowded and numerous radial ribs on the teleoconch. R. prava differs from the broadly sympatric Dictyoropa eurythma chiefly by the protoconch sculpture which in R. prava primarily consists of widely spaced, narrow spiral cords in contrast to the broadly reticulate pattern of D. eurythma. Radial elements are present on the protoconch of R. prava but these take the form of weak underlying growth ridges., Published as part of Shea, M., Colgan, D. J. & Stanisic, J., 2012, 3585, pp. 1-109 in Zootaxa 3585 on pages 82-83, {"references":["Hedley, C. (1924) Some notes on Australian land shells. Australian Zoologist, 3, 215 - 221.","Iredale, T. (1937) A basic list of the land Mollusca of Australia. Australian Zoologist, 8, 287 - 333.","Iredale, T. (1941 a) Guide to the land shells of New South Wales. Part 2. The Australian Naturalist, 10, 262 - 269.","Smith, B. J. (1992). Non-Marine Mollusca. In Houston, W. W. K. (Ed), Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Australian Government Publishing Service. Canberra, 405 pp.","Stanisic, J., Shea, M., Potter, D. and Griffiths, O. (2010) Australian Land Snails Volume 1: A Field Guide to Eastern Australian Species. Bioculture Press, Mauritius, 591 pp."]}