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4. Horn bud size of dairy-bred and sucklerbred calves at time of disbudding.

Author

Marquette, Gabriela A., McGee, Mark, Fisher, Andrew D., Stanger, Kelly, Argüello, Anastasio, and Earley, Bernadette

Subjects
CALVES, BUDS, DIAMETER, TIME
Abstract

Background: Hot-iron disbudding is a common management procedure to prevent horn growth in calves. The study objective was to examine effect of age, breed and sex on horn bud size of dairy-bred and suckler-bred calves at time of disbudding. Results: The left and right horn bud size (diameter and height in mm) of 279 calves, including dairy-bred Holstein-Friesian (Male (M) = 88) and 191 suckler-bred (86 Charolais, CH; (M = 39, Female (F) = 47), 67 Limousin, LM; (M = 32, F = 35) and 38 Simmental, SI; (M = 22, F = 16) sired)) was measured using a digital calliper at time of disbudding. Calves were retrospectively assigned to two age categories at time of disbudding: 1), 14 to 28 days (d) old and 2), 29 to 60 d old. Holstein-Friesian M calves had a greater horn bud diameter (16.97 v.14.45 mm) and height (7.79 v. 5.00 mm) compared to suckler-bred M calves (P < 0.01), with no difference (P > 0.05) among the suckler-bred calves. Suckler-bred M calves had a greater horn bud diameter (14.46 vs 13.29 mm) and height (5.01 vs 3.88 mm) compared to suckler-bred F calves (P < 0.05). The slopes of the lines of best fit show that horn bud diameter and height increased with age (P < 0.05) for HF, SI male and CH female calves while there was no relationship with age (P > 0.05) for CH and LM male calves, or for SI and LM female calves. Linear regression of age with diameter and with height for each breed and sex showed high variability in the data as indicated by R-squared values ranging from 0.003-0.41 indicating that in the case of the diameter and the height, the weight of the fitting effect was poor. Conclusions: Calf age is not a good predictor of horn bud size and recommendations for the disbudding of calves should be based on horn bud size and not on age. The implications of these findings are that calves should be disbudded while horn development is still at the bud stage and when the bud is large enough to be easily palpable/visible, but not so large that disbudding could lead to severe tissue trauma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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6. Bacterial enteritis in young Merino sheep.

Author

Stanger, Kelly Jane and Stanger, Kelly Jane

Abstract

Diarrhoea during winter is a common problem of sheep in the high rainfall regions of south-eastern Australia. Gastrointestinal nematodes are the primary cause of this problem, especially in young Merino sheep (those <16 months old). However, a syndrome of persistent diarrhoea (‘winter scouring’) is also relatively common in young sheep with low or moderate nematode burdens, with outbreaks usually occurring between June and October. Affected animals have profuse, watery diarrhoea, and often show signs of abdominal discomfort. Before this study, the cause of this syndrome and the epidemiology and risk factors for outbreaks and faecal shedding of the causative organisms, were not well understood. To determine the primary cause of the syndrome, 45 outbreaks of ‘winter scouring’ were investigated on 24 farms across south-eastern Australia. Necropsies were conducted and faecal samples were collected from animals in affected flocks. Faecal and tissue samples were cultured for Yersinia, Salmonella and Campylobacter species, and faecal WECs conducted to assess nematode parasitism. The sensitivity of Yersinia isolates to four common antimicrobial compounds was also assessed. Yersinia pseudotuberculosis serotype III and virulent Y. enterocolitica were the most frequently isolated bacteria, with outbreaks typically occurring when more than 10% of the mob were shedding either of these organisms. Campylobacter and Salmonella did not play a role in any of the outbreaks investigated. Over 64% of all Yersinia isolates were resistant to sulphonamides, but 98% were susceptible to oxytetracycline. These results highlighted the need to investigate the epidemiology and risk factors of yersiniosis in more detail to support the development of more effective control strategies. As a first stage of this process, a longitudinal study was conducted on four farms to evaluate the patterns of faecal shedding of Yersinia and assess some potential risk factors for outbreaks of yersiniosis, includin

Published
2017

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