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The study aimed to establish the nexus among biological efficiency and forage production by analyzing the canopy structure and light interception potential in orchard grass (Dactylis glomerata), alfalfa (Medicago sativa), and white clover (Trifolium repens). The measurements were performed in Gherghita Plain, at Pucheni village on large plots in 2023 by using the Delta-T Devices Sunscan Analysis system. The leaf area index (LAI), light parameters, and microclimate indicators were retrieved in each canopy of the studied species at various layers of 10 cm from the bottom to the top of the canopy. Consequently, a close relationship was observed between the biological efficiency, the leaf area distribution, and potential forage production for both grass species and legumes. The results are useful for planning biometrical parameters when developing new performant cultivars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The objective of this study was to evaluate the forage yield and chemical composition of six variants including two alfalfa cultivars, a bird’s-foot trefoil cultivar, and three grass mixtures selected as valuable biological material for potential riparian grasslands’ renovation. The experiments were carried out on plots in Dragomiresti village located near Dambovita River riparian area. One level of fertilization (120 g m-2) was considered for each variant. The plant material had high concentrations of dry matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, and phosphorus, respectively. All the fertilized samples exhibited higher concentrations of dry matter, nitrates, and phosphorus than the corresponding non-fertilized samples. High concentrations of water-soluble carbohydrates were determined for alfalfa which showed also the smallest amount of neutral detergent fiber. The maximum ADF content was found in the fertilized Valahia alfalfa cultivar and the non-fertilized complex grass mixture. Regarding the potential for riparian grassland renovation, we can conclude that the Valahia alfalfa cultivar and the complex grass mixture with five species performed better in terms of forage yield and overall quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The influence of vegetation on mechanical soil behaviour represents a significant factor to be considered in erosion control. This type of erosion control process is named bio-reinforcement and it is an environmentally friendly engineering method for shallow slope stabilization. The mechanical reinforcement made by roots has effect in shallow soil, where the most root biomass exists. Vegetation plays an important role in stabilizing settlements and infrastructures from hazards produced by water energy. The new trend named sustainability has forced engineers to rediscover vegetation as an engineering solution for shallow slope protection. This review paper presents various species of plants with an important role in slope stabilization applications. The need for a sustainable future creates a new engineering discipline, named Eco-geotechnics, which integrates knowledge from soil mechanics, botanics, engineering geology and atmosphere science. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Green walls are a component of urban green infrastructure and contribute to a range of ecosystem services including habitat provision for urban biodiversity, screening out aerial particulate matter, improving air quality, attenuating noise, and enhancing aesthetics of the cityscape. Insects can be the organic grower’s best friend. Whether pollinators or predators, they will help manage pests and keep urban gardens healthy. The organic growers encourage flowers, along with trees, shrubs and water, to provide a valuable and diverse ecosystem. The green wall was set in the experimental fruit field of the Faculty of Horticulture within USAMV Bucharest, at the border between the vineyard and the organic apple and cherry growing sector. Observations were made on the green wall impact on beneficial insects, as pollinators, hoverflies (Diptera), ladybirds (Coleoptera), parasitic wasps (Hymenoptera), butterflies and moths (Lepidoptera), lacewings (Neuroptera), ground beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae). The preliminary results indicate that Lonicera japonica, Hedera helix, Mentha, Parthenocissus quinquefolia, Akebia Quinata,Campsis radicans they attract beneficial insects such as pollinators or aphid eaters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main aim was to establish some differences in productivity, nutritional value but also in the efficiency in obtaining performances in growing and fattening animals. The following alfalfa varieties were studied: Pioneer PR55 V48, Sandra, Valahia (4AG08), Dobrogea (4AG07), and Dimitra. Five plots were established for the cultivation of alfalfa with an area of 1 hectare each on a farm in Balotesti village following the evolution of plant growth parameters and their chemical composition, especially in year 2, at the 2nd harvest. The green mass obtained was preserved in the form of hay. The animal experiment was organized on a sheep farm in Dambovita County where fattening young sheep from Turcana × Suffolk half-breed were fed with hay for a period of 3 months. Concerning the alfalfa hay, the dry matter ranged between 848 and 861 g, organic matter between 759 and 782 g, and crude protein 65 and 76 g, respectively. Gross energy was similar for all varieties ranging around 18 MJ. Considering the fattening performances, the average daily gain recorded by the fattening lambs, during the experiment ranged between 171.4 and 181.2 g/day. We recommend the use of hay from the Romanian varieties in fattening lamb diets, which demonstrated similar characteristics to the valuable foreign ones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Soil can provide essential ecosystem services that include the supply of food, feed, raw materials and biofuels. It also has an important regulatory role (carbon sequestration, water purification, reduction of contaminants, pest control, climate, nutrient cycle and biological habitat regulation etc.). The simultaneous provision of these multiple services is the result of complex interactions between different aboveground and belowground communities across ecosystems. When a system is not well managed, persistent losses in the ecosystem services can occur. E.g. land use changes affect the structure, function and efficiency of ecosystems, thereby impacting the value of the ecosystem services. Also, various agricultural management practices lead to increased food production, but at the same time affect the ecosystem functions. In this context, the main objectives of this study are to evaluate the evolution of the soil ecosystem services under different cropping systems such as certain crop species, monoculture or various types of crop rotation, organic, mineral or integrated fertilization, soil tillage etc., and to understand the interrelation between soil and ecosystem services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The cultivation of alfalfa has an essential role in ensuring the required fodder, but the achievement of cropping performances e.g. proper yield, persistence, winter hardiness, competition capacity, ecological plasticity, depends on a multitude of technological, environmental, and genetic factors. The selection of suitable varieties for cultivation in pure stands or more perennial and productive mixtures with other perennial legumes and grasses is a key element for a successful crop. The objective of the study was to characterize the bio-productive and forage quality performances of 18 alfalfa varieties available for cultivation in Romania, originating from Romania and abroad, in the eco-climatic conditions specific to the Romanian Plain. The screening of these performances that substantiate the appreciation of the biological yield was based on detailed experiences in the field and laboratory. A set of representative indicators was selected for measurements, determinations, and observations, including growth rate, tillering, leaf-stem ratio, forage quality indicator, average crop yield, and canopy height. It was found that Romanian varieties presented improved ecological plasticity compared to the foreign varieties in the eco-climatic conditions of the experimental site. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents the assessment of light interception and absorption patterns, canopy structure and aerial dry matter allocation in 27 alfalfa varieties grown in the eco-climatic conditions of Gherghita Plain, Romania, and whether the results can lead to the improvement of cropping technologies for obtaining superior forage yields and better winter hardiness. Alfalfa is a perennial crop that produces its highest yields during the second year of growth and the paper emphasizes the experimental results obtained during the last harvest cycle of the second cropping year. This period was selected to establish the ecophysiological patterns of the alfalfa plants before entering the winter. The morphological variables were the leaf/stem ratio L/S (g DM leaf m-2/ g DM stem m-2), average height of the canopy (cm) and forage yield (t DM ha-1). The radiation variables comprised the incident and transmitted light, zenith angle, probe's spread, and leaf area index (LAI). PAR profile was assessed before cutting using a canopy analyzer (SunScan Canopy Analysis System, Delta-T Devices Ltd., Cambridge, UK).The mean values for the 27 varieties were as follows: LAI of 2.69 (CV=28.76%), canopy height of 41.44 cm (CV=18.41%), leaf/stem ratio of 0.73 (CV=17.19%), and a forage yield of 4.23 t DM ha-1 (CV=21.66%). The relative low coefficients of variation related to the ecophysiological response of alfalfa plants to the abiotic factors suggest a moderate variability between varieties despite their geographical region of origin. A positive correlation was found between canopy height and L/S Ratio (r = 0.52; p<0.01), and with forage yield (r = 0.54; p<0.01). L/S Ratio was positevely correlated with forage dry matter yield (0.63; p<0.001). The interactions between vertical light absorption - absorbing medium - morphological and yield characteristics of the variety have been accurately assessed using the factor analysis. These three factors have explained 79.4% of the variance in the dataset. The obtained indicators are useful to characterize the winter hardiness and to facilitate the selection of the most suitable varieties to be cultivated in equivalent eco-climatic conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rationale: Anemia, a common feature in chronic kidney disease (CKD), has multiple contributors to its pathogenesis. Besides the well recognized erythropoietin and iron deficiencies, hydration status might be involved. Objective: To assess the prevalence and correlations of anemia, iron deficiency and overhydration in patients with stage 2 to 5 CKD. Methods and Results: This cross-sectional study enrolled 125 erythropoietin and iron therapy naïve non-dialysis CKD patients, without a identifiable cause of anemia. Parameters of hematological, iron, inflammatory and nutritional status were measured. The overhydration parameter (OH) assessed by bioimpedance spectroscopy was used to characterize hydration status. The prevalence of decreased hemoglobin (Hb) <110g/L increased along CKD stages from 0% to 40% (p=0.008). Fluid overload (OH >1L) and lower serum albumin (<40g/L) were more common in stage 5 versus stage 3 CKD (53% vs. 10%, p<0.001, and 27% vs. 3%, p=0.02, respectively), suggesting a potential dilutional reduction in serum proteins. Conversely, decreased iron stores (ferritin <100mcg/L) and iron availability (transferrin saturation, TSAT<0.20) were similarly prevalent irrespective of kidney function decline. Hemoglobin was positively correlated with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), serum albumin, and transferrin saturation, but inversely with OH. However, in a model of multiple linear regression which explained 32% of hemoglobin variation, only eGFR and overhydration remained the independent predictors of anemia. Discussion: As fluid overload is a common denominator for hemoglobin and TSAT levels, and is closely related to the declining kidney function, it should be considered in the management of renal anemia, at least in advanced CKD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study aimed to estimate the solar radiation conversion into forage production (yield) for orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) species in the specific conditions of the Romanian Plain. A field experiment with 2 varieties of orchardgrass (Ambassador and Regent) in pure stand and in mixture with 30% alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) was conducted at Moara Domneasca Didactic Farm of University of Agronomical Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Bucharest. The experiment was arranged in a split-plot completely randomized block design, with four replicates in a bi-factorial arrangement with ten experimental variants and three cutting cycles. The weather parameters were collected by an automatic meteorological station installed in the location of Moara Domneasca. During the experiments the coefficient of solar energy conversion into yield increased with the canopy growth to earing stage, in the first cutting cycle, and decreased at the following cycles with the plants growth and development. During three years of experiments (2009-2011), the Regent cultivar presented on average, the highest values of Radiation Use Efficiency, respectively 1.82 g DM/MJ, in the first harvest cycle, in the mixture variants with alfalfa. The studied variables for yield formation were influenced by the growth stage, crop arrangement, cutting cycle and leaf area index. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the paper is to provide a prognosis of total public expenditure and types of expenditures, starting from the evolution in time of total public expenditure and spending on public services, defense, public order and safety, economic affairs, environmental protection, housing and community amenities, health, recreation, culture and religion, education and social protection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, the social security literature noted a major change towards the legal aspects in this field, lowering the importance of the expense and tax issues pursued by economists in their activities. Without minimizing the consistent and continuous importance of the legal foundations of the social security policy implementation, it is necessary that not only the media and the governmental authority websites to disclose information in the social insurance field, but the role of specialists, researchers and academics in finance, tax and even accounting have the role to interpret and give relevant solutions to these issues. Therefore, in this paper, we present in detail the comparative aspects of how the social security segment is organized, mainly the unemployment insurance in both Romania and Moldova by highlighting the financial differences and similarities of these systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this paper is to analyze the evolution of Romania's public expenditure during the period 1995-2009. Expenditure analysis involves tracking their evolution in absolute and relative size, determining the share of public expenditure within the GDP, as well as determining the level of total public expenditure and of each category of expenditure per capita. At the same time there are several econometric models used in optimizing public expenditure for the various economic sectors by means of econometric modelling software Eviews. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper approaches the notion of public and private pension in Romania. Pension can be seen in terms of a replacement income to individuals whose age no longer affords to operate in the labour market. Pension reform in Romania has allowed besides the public pension system, called Pillar I, which is a distributive system based on solidarity between generations also a private pension system that records the contributions of participants in individual accounts, based on capitalization, investment and accumulation of these contributions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Acta Medica Transilvanica is the property of Sciendo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The literature is addressed by tax competition to attract capital and the measures taken in this regard. These measures aim, in most cases, reducing tax rates. Most authors, especially the classics, believes that this reduction creates an underprovision of goods and services and addresses the problem in terms of their level. Very few scholars have revealed that this race to the bottom lead to a different structure in delivering public services. Thus, from the idea of Keen-Marchand (1997), this paper addresses this issue, using as basic data in the Romanian economy, through a regression model. The analysis results show that the race to reduce the tax burden, in which Romania joined in the impact of tax competition, leads to an underprovision welfare services aimed directly at a taxpayer and those aimed at infrastructure overprovision. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study brings to the fore an analysis of the phenomenon of tax evasion in Romania. The perspective is broad, with a descriptive substrate, originally founded by highlighting the dimensions that define this phenomenon; later, the perspective is materialized by the presentation of tax evasion schemes that often takes the form of real complex fiscal and also financial engineering. The purpose of this work consists in the awareness of practitioners, academics and the public of the tax evasion forms useful in order to identify precise modalities to combat it. Since the volume of funds subject to the phenomenon of tax evasion is greater, the negative effects of macroeconomic environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper is performed an econometric analysis of the dependence between of consumption, GDP and interest rates of 15 European Union countries over a period of three years. The main purpose of this paper is to show how this can be done using the Eviews program, the steps that we must go through this program and to forecast achievements of the phenomenon studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The hereby paper deals with an econometric analysis of the interconnection of consumption per capita and GDP within 27 European Union member states during a three years' period. The main purpose of the paper is to show the manner Eviews program is able to handle such an approach, the stages to be followed as well as the carrying out of certain previsions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Taking into account the pressures and risks caused by internal and external economic developments, the need to support economic growth and to reduce inflation, as well as prevalently ensuring the amounts intended to finance infrastructural projects and cofinance projects financed from European funds and Romania's contribution to the Community Budget, and having regard to the views and recommendations of the European Commission, but as well of the rating agencies expressed during periodic evaluations, it appears that for avoiding the risks noted is necessary to adopt a restricting policy of budgetary expenditures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper draws out an analysis of the manners of adjusting economy to a shock that affects aggregated demand and offer. The adjusting manner is implemented according to specialized works on the basis of classical monetarist conceptions and Keynes's conception. At the same time, in order to influence aggregated demand and offer monetary, fiscal, and budget policies are employed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to try and define the tax evasion phenomenon and several ways of settling this rod of market economy into shape, all in the context of the contemporary law system. There are also taken into account the opinions of some consecrated authors with valuable publications in this field, together with the placement of tax evasion from legality to illegality this way studying the more or less obvious differences between actual tax evasion and fraud. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents the mode in which the utilization of enterprise resource planning (ERP) system contributes to the increase of competitivity of production management. ERP system is a soft which incorporates inside all the aspects of an organization activity combining all the departments and functions of an enterprise into an integrating and informing system which is able to realize the highest performances if it is properly managed. Such systems suppose the integration of all informing functions of enterprise by using a unique data basis accessible in accepted limits of confidentiality of the various hierarchical steps. By introduction and utilization of such system are assured the transparency of business on the whole and are avoided incomplete or partial erroneous decisions determined by the deficiencies of communication process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rationale: Anemia, a common feature in chronic kidney disease (CKD), has multiple contributors to its pathogenesis. Besides the well recognized erythropoietin and iron deficiencies, hydration status might be involved. Objective: To assess the prevalence and correlations of anemia, iron deficiency and overhydration in patients with stage 2 to 5 CKD. Methods and Results: This cross-sectional study enrolled 125 erythropoietin and iron therapy naïve non-dialysis CKD patients, without a identifiable cause of anemia. Parameters of hematological, iron, inflammatory and nutritional status were measured. The overhydration parameter (OH) assessed by bioimpedance spectroscopy was used to characterize hydration status. The prevalence of decreased hemoglobin (Hb) <110g/L increased along CKD stages from 0% to 40% ( p =0.008). Fluid overload (OH >1L) and lower serum albumin (<40g/L) were more common in stage 5 versus stage 3 CKD (53% vs. 10%, p <0.001, and 27% vs. 3%, p =0.02, respectively), suggesting a potential dilutional reduction in serum proteins. Conversely, decreased iron stores (ferritin <100mcg/L) and iron availability (transferrin saturation, TSAT<0.20) were similarly prevalent irrespective of kidney function decline. Hemoglobin was positively correlated with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), serum albumin, and transferrin saturation, but inversely with OH. However, in a model of multiple linear regression which explained 32% of hemoglobin variation, only eGFR and overhydration remained the independent predictors of anemia. Discussion: As fluid overload is a common denominator for hemoglobin and TSAT levels, and is closely related to the declining kidney function, it should be considered in the management of renal anemia, at least in advanced CKD.