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X. fastidiosa is a gram-negative insect-vectored bacterium has been recently detected in Italian olive trees severely affected by Olive Quick Decline Syndrome (OQDS). ELISA tests and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) assays were largely used in the monitoring campaign of this pathogen. The aim of this study is to evaluate the new real time Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) system for the detection of X. fastidiosa in host plants and insect vectors. The new detection system is composed of a portable instrument (icgene mini) and a ready to use diagnostic kit denominated “Xylella Screen Glow” (Enbiotech s.r.l.- Italy). Specificity and sensitivity of Xylella Screen Glow kit was compared with PCR and real-time quantitative PCR assays. Three different DNA extraction protocols and typologies of infected materials were also tested. The real-time LAMP system showed high specificity and a sensitivity as compared to the real-time qPCR and PCR assays. These results showed that “Xylella Screen Glow” kit with icgene portable LAMP instrument is highly sensitive and suitable for X. fastidiosa detection directly in the field. Therefore, this system could be applied on site, with high sensitivity and readability to prevent the movement of infected materials from X. fastidiosa contaminated area to the laboratories located in free areas; other possible application could be in quarantine station to intercept any infected material before crossing border and protect from a country from such dangerous quarantine pathogen.

X. fastidiosa is a gram-negative insect-vectored bacterium has been recently detected in Italian olive trees severely affected by Olive Quick Decline Syndrome (OQDS). ELISA tests and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) assays were largely used in the monitoring campaign of this pathogen. The aim of this study is to evaluate the new real time Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) system for the detection of X. fastidiosa in host plants and insect vectors. The new detection system is composed of a portable instrument (icgene mini) and a ready to use diagnostic kit denominated “Xylella Screen Glow” (Enbiotech s.r.l.- Italy). Specificity and sensitivity of Xylella Screen Glow kit was compared with PCR and real-time quantitative PCR assays. Three different DNA extraction protocols and typologies of infected materials were also tested. The real-time LAMP system showed high specificity and a sensitivity as compared to the real-time qPCR and PCR assays. These results showed that “Xylella Screen Glow” kit with icgene portable LAMP instrument is highly sensitive and suitable for X. fastidiosa detection directly in the field. Therefore, this system could be applied on site, with high sensitivity and readability to prevent the movement of infected materials from X. fastidiosa contaminated area to the laboratories located in free areas; other possible application could be in quarantine station to intercept any infected material before crossing border and protect from a country from such dangerous quarantine pathogen.&nbsp

X. fastidiosa is a gram-negative insect-vectored bacterium has been recently detected in Italian olive trees severely affected by Olive Quick Decline Syndrome (OQDS). ELISA tests and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) assays were largely used in the monitoring campaign of this pathogen. The aim of this study is to evaluate the new real time Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) system for the detection of X. fastidiosa in host plants and insect vectors. The new detection system is composed of a portable instrument (icgene mini) and a ready to use diagnostic kit denominated “Xylella Screen Glow” (Enbiotech s.r.l.- Italy). Specificity and sensitivity of Xylella Screen Glow kit was compared with PCR and real-time quantitative PCR assays. Three different DNA extraction protocols and typologies of infected materials were also tested. The real-time LAMP system showed high specificity and a sensitivity as compared to the real-time qPCR and PCR assays. These results showed that “Xylella Screen Glow” kit with icgene portable LAMP instrument is highly sensitive and suitable for X. fastidiosa detection directly in the field. Therefore, this system could be applied on site, with high sensitivity and readability to prevent the movement of infected materials from X. fastidiosa contaminated area to the laboratories located in free areas; other possible application could be in quarantine station to intercept any infected material before crossing border and protect from a country from such dangerous quarantine pathogen., Acknowledgment This work has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement N. 727987 "Xylella fastidiosa Active Containment Through a multidisciplinary-Oriented Research Strategy XF-ACTORS".

X. fastidiosa is a gram-negative insect-vectored bacterium has been recently detected in Italian olive trees severely affected by Olive Quick Decline Syndrome (OQDS). ELISA tests and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) assays were largely used in the monitoring campaign of this pathogen. The aim of this study is to evaluate the new real time Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) system for the detection of X. fastidiosa in host plants and insect vectors. The new detection system is composed of a portable instrument (icgene mini) and a ready to use diagnostic kit denominated “Xylella Screen Glow” (Enbiotech s.r.l.- Italy). Specificity and sensitivity of Xylella Screen Glow kit was compared with PCR and real-time quantitative PCR assays. Three different DNA extraction protocols and typologies of infected materials were also tested. The real-time LAMP system showed high specificity and a sensitivity as compared to the real-time qPCR and PCR assays. These results showed that “Xylella Screen Glow” kit with icgene portable LAMP instrument is highlysensitive and suitable for X. fastidiosa detection directly in the field. Therefore, this system could be applied on site, with high sensitivity and readability to prevent the movement of infected materials from X. fastidiosa contaminated area to the laboratories located in free areas; other possible application could be in quarantine station to intercept any infected material before crossing border and protect from a country from such dangerous quarantine pathogen.

In this chapter, case studies related to biodeterioration, bioaerosol, biocide and biocleaning are reported. The aim is highlighting the role of biology and biotechnology tools for the preventive conservation of organic and inorganic artifacts, understanding how traditional as well as innovative methods can help the conservationists to develop integrated strategies considering works of art/environment/ humans as a dynamic system. Particularly, based on the experience acquired during the researches of Laboratory of Biology and Biotechnology for Cultural Heritage (LaBBCH), the authors suggest several approaches to reveal and identify biological systems able to induce biodeterioration of cultural assets, also focusing on bioaerosols in indoor environment to assess the risk for historical-artistic collections. Finally, novel bioactive molecules have been applied to perform biocleaning protocols or to control of microbial colonisation, in accordance to conservative restoration procedures and safety for both the environment and operators.