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The demand for cheap, healthy, and sustainable alternative protein sources has turned research interest into microbial proteins. Mycoproteins prevail due to their quite balanced amino acid profile, low carbon footprint and high sustainability potential. The goal of this research was to investigate the capability of Pleurotus ostreatus to metabolize the main sugars of agro-industrial side streams, such as aspen wood chips hydrolysate, to produce high-value protein with low cost. Our results indicate that P. ostreatus LGAM 1123 could be cultivated both in a C-6 (glucose)- and C-5(xylose)-sugar-containing medium for mycoprotein production. A mixture of glucose and xylose was found to be ideal for biomass production with high protein content and rich amino acid profile. P. ostreatus LGAM 1123 cultivation in a 4 L stirred-tank bioreactor using aspen hydrolysate was achieved with 25.0 ± 3.4 g L−1 biomass production, 1.8 ± 0.4 d−1 specific growth rate and a protein yield of 54.5 ± 0.5% (g/100 g sugars). PCA analysis of the amino acids revealed a strong correlation between the amino acid composition of the protein produced and the ratios of glucose and xylose in the culture medium. The production of high-nutrient mycoprotein by submerged fermentation of the edible fungus P. ostreatus using agro-industrial hydrolysates is a promising bioprocess in the food and feed industry.

Additional file 1. Supplementary table 1: standardized differences in the characteristics of the patients groups receiving definitive radiochemotherapy or trimodality treatment with or without propensity score weighting.

Thymic epithelial tumors are the most common mediastinal tumors. Surgery is the mainstay of treatment and complete resection provides the best survival rate. However, advanced tumors often require multimodality treatment and thus we analyzed the prognostic potential of routine circulating biomarkers that might help to risk-stratify patients beyond tumor stage and histology. Preoperative values for white blood cell count (WBC), C-reactive protein (CRP) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were analyzed in 220 thymic epithelial tumor patients operated between 1999 and 2018. Increased CRP levels (>1 mg/dl) were significantly more often measured in thymic carcinoma and neuroendocrine tumors when compared to thymoma. LDH serum activity was higher in thymic neuroendocrine tumors when compared to thymoma or thymic carcinoma. The median disease specific survival was significantly longer in thymoma cases than in thymic carcinoma and neuroendocrine tumors. Increased preoperative LDH level (>240 U/L) associated with shorter survival in thymus carcinoma (HR 4.76, p = 0.0299). In summary, higher CRP associated with carcinoma and neuroendocrine tumors, while LDH increased primarily in neuroendocrine tumors suggesting that biomarker analysis should be performed in a histology specific manner. Importantly, preoperative serum LDH might be a prognosticator in thymic carcinoma and may help to risk stratify surgically treated patients in multimodal treatment regimens. OA Förderung 2021

The aim of this follow-up analysis of the ESPATUE phase 3 trial was to explore the prognostic value of postinduction chemotherapy PETmetrics in patients with stage III non-small cell lung cancer who were assigned to receive definitive chemoradiotherapy.Methods: All eligible stage IIIA (cN2) and stage IIIB patients in the trial received an induction doublet chemotherapy consisting of 3 cycles with cisplatin and paclitaxel, and subsequent combined chemoradiotherapywith a cumulative dose of upto 45Gy (1.5Gyper fraction twice aday), followedby a radiation boost (2 Gy once per day) with concurrent continuation of doublet chemotherapy with cisplatin and vinorelbine. The protocol definition prescribed a total dose of 65-71 Gy.18F-FDG PET/CT was performed at study entry and before concurrent chemoradiotherapy. Interim PET metrics and known prognostic clinical parameters were correlated in uni- and multivariable survival analyses. Leave-one-out cross-validation was used to show internal validity. Results: Ninetytwo patients who underwent 18F-FDG PET/CT after induction chemotherapy were enrolled. Median posttreatment MTV was 5.9 cm3. Altogether, 85 patients completed the whole chemoradiation with the planned total dose of 60-71 Gy. In univariable proportionalhazards analysis, each of 3 parameters - posttreatment MTV, posttreatment SUVmax, and posttreatment maximum total lesion glycolysis (TLGmax(post)) - was associated with overall survival (P < 0.05). Multivariable survival analysis, including clinical and postinduction PET parameters, found TLGmax(post) (hazard ratio, 1.032 [95% CI, 1.013-1.052] per 100 cm3 increase) and total radiation dose (hazard ratio, 0.930 [95% CI, 0.902-0.959] per 1 Gy increase) was significantly related to overall survival in the whole group of patients and in patients receiving a total dose of at least 60 Gy. The best leave-one-out crossvalidated 2-parameter classifier was TLGmax(post) and total radiation dose. TLGmax(post) was associated with time to distant metastases (P = 0.0018), and posttreatment SUVmax was associated with time to locoregional relapse (P = 0.039), in multivariable analysis of patients receiving a total dose of at least 60 Gy. Conclusion: Postinduction chemotherapy PET parameters demonstrated prognostic significance. Therefore, interim 18F-FDG PET/CT is a promising diagnostic modality for guiding individualized treatment intensification. OA Förderung 2021