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2. Search for mixed-symmetry states of nuclei in the vicinity of the double-magic nucleus 208Pb

Author

Kocheva D., Stegmann R., Rainovski G., Jolie J., Pietralla N., Stahl C., Petkov P., Blazhev A., Hennig A., Bauer C., Braunroth Th., Carpenter M.P., Cortes L., Dewald A., Djongolov M., Fransen C., Gladnishki K., Janssens R.V.F., Karayonchev V., Lettmann M., Lister C.J., Litzinger J., Möller Th., Möller-Gatermann C., Scheck M., Scholz Ph., Schramm C., Thöle P., Werner V., Wölk D., Zhu S., and Van Isacker P.

Subjects
Physics, QC1-999
Abstract

In this work we present the results from two experiments dedicated to search for quadrupolecollective isovector valence-shell excitation, the states with so-called mixed proton-neutron symmetry (MSS), in nuclei around the doubly magic nucleus 208Pb. 212Po was studied in an α-transfer reaction. 204Hg was studied in an inverse kinematics Coulomb excitation reaction on a carbon target. Both experiments provide indications for existence of one-phonon MSSs. Those are the first experimentally identified MSSs in the mass A ≈ 208 region.

Published
2016
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3. Relativistic second-order initial conditions for simulations of large-scale structure

Author

Adamek, J., Calles, J., Montandon, T., Noreña, J., and Stahl, C.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology
Abstract

Relativistic corrections to the evolution of structure can be used to test general relativity on cosmological scales. They are also a well-known systematic contamination in the search for a primordial non-Gaussian signal. We present a numerical framework to generate RELativistic second-order Initial Conditions ($\texttt{RELIC}$) based on a generic (not necessarily separable) second-order kernel for the density perturbations. In order to keep the time complexity manageable we introduce a scale cut that separates long and short scales, and neglect the "short-short" coupling that will eventually be swamped by uncontrollable higher-order effects. To test our approach, we use the second-order Einstein-Boltzmann code $\texttt{SONG}$ to provide the numerical second-order kernel in a $\Lambda$CDM model, and we demonstrate that the realisations generated by $\texttt{RELIC}$ reproduce the bispectra well whenever at least one of the scales is a "long" mode. We then present a generic algorithm that takes a perturbed density field as an inputand provides particle initial data that matches this input to arbitrary order in perturbations for a given particle-mesh scheme. We implement this algorithm in the relativistic N-body code $\texttt{gevolution}$ to demonstrate how our framework can be used to set precise initial conditions for cosmological simulations of large-scale structure., Comment: 24 pages, 7 figures

Published
2021
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4. Isomeric states in neutron-rich nuclei around $N = 40$

Author

Wimmer, K., Recchia, F., Lenzi, S. M., Riccetto, S., Davinson, T., Estrade, A., Griffin, C. J., Nishimura, S., Phong, V., Söderström, P. -A., Aktas, O., Al-Aqeel, M., Ando, T., Baba, H., Bae, S., Choi, S., Doornenbal, P., Ha, J., Harkness-Brennan, L., Isobe, T., John, P. R., Kahl, D., Kiss, G., Kojouharov, I., Kurz, N., Labiche, M., Matsui, K., Momiyama, S., Napoli, D. R., Niikura, M., Nita, C., Saito, Y., Sakurai, H., Schaffner, H., Schrock, P., Stahl, C., Sumikama, T., Werner, V., Witt, W., and Woods, P. J.

Subjects
Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

Neutron-rich nuclei in the vicinity of the $N=40$ island of inversion are characterized by shell evolution and exhibit deformed ground states. In several nuclei isomeric states have been observed and attributed to excitations to the intruder neutron $1g_{9/2}$ orbital. In the present study we searched for isomeric states in nuclei around $N=40$, $Z=22$ produced by projectile fragmentation at RIBF. Delayed $\gamma$ rays were detected by the EURICA germanium detector array. High statistics data allowed for an updated decay scheme of $^{60}$V. The lifetime of an isomeric state in $^{64}$V was measured for the first time in the present experiment. A previously unobserved isomeric state was discovered in $^{58}$Sc. The measured lifetime suggests a parity changing transition, originating from an odd number of neutrons in the $1g_{9/2}$ orbital. The nature of the isomeric state in $^{58}$Sc is thus different from isomers in the less exotic V and Sc nuclei., Comment: PRC accepted

Published
2021
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5. Magnetic moment measurement in 72Zn using the Transient Field technique and Coulomb excitation in inverse kinematics

Author

Illana Sisón A., Jungclaus A., Orlandi R., Perea A., Briz J.A., Bauer C., Gernhäuser R., Leske J., Mücher D., Pakarinen J., Pietralla N., Rajabali M.M., Seiler D., and Stahl C.

Subjects
Physics, QC1-999
Abstract

The g factor of the first excited 2+ state of 72Zn has been measured using the Low Velocity Transient Field (LVTF) technique in combination with Coulomb excitation in inverse kinematics. The aim of the experiment was to test the viability of this method when applied to short-lived radioactive ISOL beams, in particular in comparison to the alternative High Velocity Transient Field (HVTF) technique using fragment beams. The result obtained for g(2+) in 72Zn in the present experiment follows the trend observed for the lighter stables Zn isotopes.

Published
2014
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6. Level lifetimes and quadrupole moments from Coulomb excitation in the Ba chain and the N = 80 isotones

Author

Seweryniak D., Rapisarda E., Rainovski G., Pakarinen J., Pietralla N., Möller T., Möller O., Leske J., Guastalla G., Bauer C., Stahl C., Stegmann R., Wiederhold J., and Zhu S.

Subjects
Physics, QC1-999
Abstract

The chain of Barium isotopes enables us to study experimentally the evolution of nuclear quadrupole collectivity from the shell closure at N = 82 towards neutron-deficient or neutron-rich deformed nuclei. The TU Darmstadt group has investigated several nuclei from stable 130,132Ba up to radioactive 140,142Ba with the projectile-Coulomb excitation technique including the use of the Doppler-shift attenuation method (DSAM). Lifetimes of quadrupole-collective states of 132Ba and 140Ba were obtained for the first time as well as the static electric quadrupole moments Q(21+) for 130,132Ba and 140,142Ba. The results are compared to Monte Carlo shell model and Beyond-Mean-Field calculations. The phenomenon of shell stabilization in the N = 80 isotones is further investigated by measurements of the B(E2;21+ → 01+) values of 140Nd and 142Sm and comparison to the quasi-particle phonon model and shell-model calculations.

Published
2012
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7. First spectroscopy of 61Ti and the transition to the Island of Inversion at N = 40

Author

Wimmer, K., Recchia, F., Lenzi, S. M., Riccetto, S., Davinson, T., Estrade, A., Griffin, C. J., Nishimura, S., Nowacki, F., Phong, V., Poves, A., Söderström, P. -A., Aktas, O., Al-Aqeel, M., Ando, T., Baba, H., Bae, S., Choi, S., Doornenbal, P., Ha, J., Harkness-Brennan, L., Isobe, T., John, P. R., Kahl, D., Kiss, G., Kojouharov, I., Kurz, N., Labiche, M., Matsui, K., Momiyama, S., Napoli, D. R., Niikura, M., Nita, C., Saito, Y., Sakurai, H., Schaffner, H., Schrock, P., Stahl, C., Sumikama, T., Werner, V., Witt, W., and Woods, P. J.

Subjects
Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

Isomeric states in 59,61Ti have been populated in the projectile fragmentation of a 345 AMeV 238U beam at the Radioactive Isotope Beam Factory. The decay lifetimes and delayed gamma-ray transitions were measured with the EURICA array. Besides the known isomeric state in 59Ti, two isomeric states in 61Ti are observed for the first time. Based on the measured lifetimes, transition multipolarities as well as tentative spins and parities are assigned. Large-scale shell model calculations based on the modified LNPS interaction show that both 59Ti and 61Ti belong to the Island of Inversion at N=40 with ground state configurations dominated by particle-hole excitations to the g_9/2 and d_5/2 orbits., Comment: Phys. Lett. B accepted

Published
2019
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8. Complete homotopy invariants for translation invariant symmetric quantum walks on a chain

Author

Cedzich, C., Geib, T., Stahl, C., Velázquez, L., Werner, A. H., and Werner, R. F.

Subjects
Quantum Physics, Mathematical Physics
Abstract

We provide a classification of translation invariant one-dimensional quantum walks with respect to continuous deformations preserving unitarity, locality, translation invariance, a gap condition, and some symmetry of the tenfold way. The classification largely matches the one recently obtained (arXiv:1611.04439) for a similar setting leaving out translation invariance. However, the translation invariant case has some finer distinctions, because some walks may be connected only by breaking translation invariance along the way, retaining only invariance by an even number of sites. Similarly, if walks are considered equivalent when they differ only by adding a trivial walk, i.e., one that allows no jumps between cells, then the classification collapses also to the general one. The indices of the general classification can be computed in practice only for walks closely related to some translation invariant ones. We prove a completed collection of simple formulas in terms of winding numbers of band structures covering all symmetry types. Furthermore, we determine the strength of the locality conditions, and show that the continuity of the band structure, which is a minimal requirement for topological classifications in terms of winding numbers to make sense, implies the compactness of the commutator of the walk with a half-space projection, a condition which was also the basis of the general theory. In order to apply the theory to the joining of large but finite bulk pieces, one needs to determine the asymptotic behaviour of a stationary Schr\"odinger equation. We show exponential behaviour, and give a practical method for computing the decay constants., Comment: 27 pages, 5 figures

Published
2018
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9. Automatic high-frequency measurements of full soil greenhouse gas fluxes in a tropical forest

Author

Alice Courtois, E, Stahl, C, Burban, B, Van Den Berge, J, Berveiller, D, Bréchet, L, Larned Soong, J, Arriga, N, Peñuelas, J, and August Janssens, I

Subjects
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences, Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Biological Sciences
Abstract

Measuring in situ soil fluxes of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), methane (CH 4 ), and nitrous oxide (N 2 O) continuously at high frequency requires appropriate technology. We tested the combination of a commercial automated soil CO 2 flux chamber system (LI-8100A) with a CH 4 and N 2 O analyzer (Picarro G2308) in a tropical rainforest for 4 months. A chamber closure time of 2 min was sufficient for a reliable estimation of CO 2 and CH 4 fluxes (100% and 98.5% of fluxes were above minimum detectable flux - MDF, respectively). This closure time was generally not suitable for a reliable estimation of the low N 2 O fluxes in this ecosystem but was sufficient for detecting rare major peak events. A closure time of 25 min was more appropriate for reliable estimation of most N 2 O fluxes (85.6% of measured fluxes are above MDF±0.002 nmolm -2 s -1 ). Our study highlights the importance of adjusted closure time for each gas.

Published
2019

10. Transmission x-ray microscopy at low temperatures - analyzing supercurrents with high spatial resolution

Author

Simmendinger, J., Ruoss, S., Stahl, C., Weigand, M., Gräfe, J., Schütz, G., and Albrecht, J.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Superconductivity
Abstract

Scanning transmission x-ray microscopy has been used to image electric currents in superconducting films at temperatures down to 20 K. The magnetic stray field of supercurrents in a thin YBaCuO film is mapped into a soft-magnetic coating of permalloy. The so created local magnetization of the ferromagnetic film can be detected by dichroic absorption of polarized x-rays. To enable high-quality measurements in transmission geometry the whole heterostructure of ferromagnet, superconductor and single-crystalline substrate has been thinned to an overall thickness of less than 1 micron. With this novel technique local supercurrents can be analyzed in a wide range of temperatures and magnetic fields. A magnetic resolution of less than 100nm together with simultaneously obtained nanostructural data allow the correlation of local supercurrents with the micro- and nanostructure of the superconducting film.

Published
2017
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11. A revised $B(E2; 2^+_1 \to 0^+_1)$ value in the semi-magic nucleus $^{210}$Po

Author

Kocheva, D., Rainovski, G., Jolie, J., Pietralla, N., Blazhev, A., Astier, A., Braunroth, Th., Cortés, M. L., Dewald, A., Djongolov, M., Fransen, C., Gladnishki, K., Hennig, A., Karayonchev, V., Keatings, J. M., Litzinger, J., Müller-Gatermann, C., Petkov, P., Scheck, M., Spagnoletti, P., Scholz, Ph., Stahl, C., Stegmann, R., Stoyanova, M., Thöle, P., Warr, N., Werner, V., Witt, W., Wölk, D., Zell, K. O., Van Isacker, P., and Ponomarev, V. Yu.

Subjects
Nuclear Experiment, Nuclear Theory
Abstract

The lifetimes of the $2^+_1$, the $2^+_2$ and the $3^-_1$ states of $^{210}$Po have been measured in the $^{208}$Pb($^{12}$C,$^{10}$Be)$^{210}$Po transfer reaction by the Doppler-shift attenuation method. The results for the lifetime of the $2^+_1$ state is about three times shorter than the adopted value. However, the new value still does not allow for consistent description of the properties of the yrast $2^+_1$, $4^+_1$, $6^+_1$, and $8^+_1$ states of $^{210}$Po in the framework of nuclear shell models. The Quasi-particle Phonon Model (QPM) calculations also cannot overcome this problem thus indicating the existence of a peculiarity which is neglected in both theoretical approaches.

Published
2017
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12. Correction to: Spatial Variation of Soil CO 2 , CH 4 and N 2 O Fluxes Across Topographical Positions in Tropical Forests of the Guiana Shield (Ecosystems, (2018), 21, 7, (1445-1458), 10.1007/s10021-018-0232-6)

Author

Courtois, EA, Stahl, C, Van den Berge, J, Bréchet, L, Van Langenhove, L, Richter, A, Urbina, I, Soong, JL, Peñuelas, J, and Janssens, IA

Subjects
Environmental Sciences, Biological Sciences, Ecology
Abstract

This paper was published with several formatting errors. It will be republished with corrections in place.

Published
2019

13. Spatial Variation of Soil CO2, CH4 and N2O Fluxes Across Topographical Positions in Tropical Forests of the Guiana Shield

Author

Courtois, EA, Stahl, C, Van den Berge, J, Bréchet, L, Van Langenhove, L, Richter, A, Urbina, I, Soong, JL, Peñuelas, J, and Janssens, IA

Subjects
Environmental Sciences, Biological Sciences, Ecology
Abstract

The spatial variation of soil greenhouse gas fluxes (GHG; carbon dioxide—CO2, methane—CH4 and nitrous oxide—N2O) remains poorly understood in highly complex ecosystems such as tropical forests. We used 240 individual flux measurements of these three GHGs from different soil types, at three topographical positions and in two extreme hydric conditions in the tropical forests of the Guiana Shield (French Guiana, South America) to (1) test the effect of topographical positions on GHG fluxes and (2) identify the soil characteristics driving flux variation in these nutrient-poor tropical soils. Surprisingly, none of the three GHG flux rates differed with topographical position. CO2 effluxes covaried with soil pH, soil water content (SWC), available nitrogen and total phosphorus. The CH4 fluxes were best explained by variation in SWC, with soils acting as a sink under drier conditions and as a source under wetter conditions. Unexpectedly, our study areas were generally sinks for N2O and N2O fluxes were partly explained by total phosphorus and available nitrogen concentrations. This first study describing the spatial variation of soil fluxes of the three main GHGs measured simultaneously in forests of the Guiana Shield lays the foundation for specific studies of the processes underlying the observed patterns.

Published
2018

14. Soil microbial CNP and respiration responses to organic matter and nutrient additions: Evidence from a tropical soil incubation

Author

Soong, JL, Marañon-Jimenez, S, Cotrufo, MF, Boeckx, P, Bodé, S, Guenet, B, Peñuelas, J, Richter, A, Stahl, C, Verbruggen, E, and Janssens, IA

Subjects
Environmental Sciences, Biological Sciences, Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, Agronomy & Agriculture
Abstract

Soil nutrient availability has a strong influence on the fate of soil carbon (C) during microbial decomposition, contributing to Earth's C balance. While nutrient availability itself can impact microbial physiology and C partitioning between biomass and respiration during soil organic matter decomposition, the availability of labile C inputs may mediate the response of microorganisms to nutrient additions. As soil organic matter is decomposed, microorganisms retain or release C, nitrogen (N) or phosphorus (P) to maintain a stoichiometric balance. Although the concept of a microbial stoichiometric homeostasis has previously been proposed, microbial biomass CNP ratios are not static, and this may have very relevant implications for microbial physiological activities. Here, we tested the hypothesis that N, P and potassium (K) nutrient additions impact C cycling in a tropical soil due to microbial stoichiometric constraints to growth and respiration, and that the availability of energy-rich labile organic matter in the soil (i.e. leaf litter) mediates the response to nutrient addition. We incubated tropical soil from French Guiana with a 13C labeled leaf litter addition and with mineral nutrient additions of +K, +N, +NK, +PK and +NPK for 30 days. We found that litter additions led to a ten-fold increase in microbial respiration and a doubling of microbial biomass C, along with greater microbial N and P content. We found some evidence that P additions increased soil CO2 fluxes. Additionally, we found microbial biomass CP and NP ratios varied more widely than CN in response to nutrient and organic matter additions, with important implications for the role of microorganisms in C cycling. The addition of litter did not prime soil organic matter decomposition, except in combination with +NK fertilization, indicating possible P-mining of soil organic matter in this P-poor tropical soil. Together, these results point toward an ultimate labile organic substrate limitation of soil microorganisms in this tropical soil, but also indicate a complex interaction between C, N, P and K availability. This highlights the difference between microbial C cycling responses to N, P, or K additions in the tropics and explains why coupled C, N and P cycle modeling efforts cannot rely on strict microbial stoichiometric homeostasis as an underlying assumption.

Published
2018

16. The topological classification of one-dimensional symmetric quantum walks

Author

Cedzich, C., Geib, T., Grünbaum, F. A., Stahl, C., Velázquez, L., Werner, A. H., and Werner, R. F.

Subjects
Quantum Physics, Condensed Matter - Other Condensed Matter, Mathematical Physics
Abstract

We give a topological classification of quantum walks on an infinite 1D lattice, which obey one of the discrete symmetry groups of the tenfold way, have a gap around some eigenvalues at symmetry protected points, and satisfy a mild locality condition. No translation invariance is assumed. The classification is parameterized by three indices, taking values in a group, which is either trivial, the group of integers, or the group of integers modulo 2, depending on the type of symmetry. The classification is complete in the sense that two walks have the same indices if and only if they can be connected by a norm continuous path along which all the mentioned properties remain valid. Of the three indices, two are related to the asymptotic behaviour far to the right and far to the left, respectively. These are also stable under compact perturbations. The third index is sensitive to those compact perturbations which cannot be contracted to a trivial one. The results apply to the Hamiltonian case as well. In this case all compact perturbations can be contracted, so the third index is not defined. Our classification extends the one known in the translation invariant case, where the asymptotic right and left indices add up to zero, and the third one vanishes, leaving effectively only one independent index. When two translationally invariant bulks with distinct indices are joined, the left and right asymptotic indices of the joined walk are thereby fixed, and there must be eigenvalues at $1$ or $-1$ (bulk-boundary correspondence). Their location is governed by the third index. We also discuss how the theory applies to finite lattices, with suitable homogeneity assumptions., Comment: 36 pages, 7 figures

Published
2016
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17. Comparison of primordial tensor power spectra from the deformed algebra and dressed metric approaches in loop quantum cosmology

Author

Bolliet, B., Grain, J., Stahl, C., Linsefors, L., and Barrau, A.

Subjects
General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Theory
Abstract

Loop quantum cosmology tries to capture the main ideas of loop quantum gravity and to apply them to the Universe as a whole. Two main approaches within this framework have been considered to date for the study of cosmological perturbations: the dressed metric approach and the deformed algebra approach. They both have advantages and drawbacks. In this article, we accurately compare their predictions. In particular, we compute the associated primordial tensor power spectra. We show -- numerically and analytically -- that the large scale behavior is similar for both approaches and compatible with the usual prediction of general relativity. The small scale behavior is, the other way round, drastically different. Most importantly, we show that in a range of wavenumbers explicitly calculated, both approaches do agree on predictions that, in addition, differ from standard general relativity and do not depend on unknown parameters. These features of the power spectrum at intermediate scales might constitute a universal loop quantum cosmology prediction that can hopefully lead to observational tests and constraints. We also present a complete analytical study of the background evolution for the bouncing universe that can be used for other purposes., Comment: 15 pages, 7 figures

Published
2015
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18. Bulk-edge correspondence of one-dimensional quantum walks

Author

Cedzich, C., Grünbaum, F. A., Stahl, C., Velázquez, L., Werner, A. H., and Werner, R. F.

Subjects
Quantum Physics, Condensed Matter - Other Condensed Matter, Mathematical Physics
Abstract

We outline a theory of symmetry protected topological phases of one-dimensional quantum walks. We assume spectral gaps around the symmetry-distinguished points +1 and -1, in which only discrete eigenvalues are allowed. The phase classification by integer or binary indices extends the classification known for translation invariant systems in terms of their band structure. However, our theory requires no translation invariance whatsoever, and the indices we define in this general setting are invariant under arbitrary symmetric local perturbations, even those that cannot be continuously contracted to the identity. More precisely we define two indices for every walk, characterizing the behavior far to the right and far to the left, respectively. Their sum is a lower bound on the number of eigenstates at +1 and -1. For a translation invariant system the indices add up to zero, so one of them already characterizes the phase. By joining two bulk phases with different indices we get a walk in which the right and left indices no longer cancel, so the theory predicts bound states at +1 or -1. This is a rigorous statement of bulk-edge correspondence. The results also apply to the Hamiltonian case with a single gap at zero., Comment: 10 pages, 4 figures. Interactive material and Mathematica-Notebooks at http://qig.itp.uni-hannover.de/bulkedge - expressed more clearly how the perturbations differ, elaborate more on example

Published
2015
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21. The global distribution of leaf chlorophyll content

Author

Croft, H., Chen, J.M., Wang, R., Mo, G., Luo, S., Luo, X., He, L., Gonsamo, A., Arabian, J., Zhang, Y., Simic-Milas, A., Noland, T.L., He, Y., Homolová, L., Malenovský, Z., Yi, Q., Beringer, J., Amiri, R., Hutley, L., Arellano, P., Stahl, C., and Bonal, D.

Published
2020
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23. Low collectivity of the first 2⁺ states of ²¹²,²¹⁰Po

Author

Kocheva, D., Rainovski, G., Jolie, J., Pietralla, N., Blazhev, A., Astier, A., Altenkirch, R., Bast, M., Beckers, M., Ansari, S., Braunroth, Th., Cappellazzo, M., Cortés, M.L., Dewald, A., Diel, F., Djongolov, M., Fransen, C., Gladnishki, K., Goldkuhle, A., Hennig, A., Karayonchev, V., Keatings, J.M., Kluge, E., Kröll, Th., Litzinger, J., Moschner, K., Müller-Gatermann, C., Petkov, P., Rudigier, M., Scheck, M., Spagnoletti, P., Scholz, Ph., Schmidt, T., Spieker, M., Stahl, C., Stegmann, R., Stolz, A., Vogt, A., Stoyanova, M., Thöle, P., Warr, N., Werner, V., Witt, W., Wölk, D., Zamora, J.C., Zell, K.O., Van Isacker, P., Ponomarev, V. Yu., Kocheva, D., Rainovski, G., Jolie, J., Pietralla, N., Blazhev, A., Astier, A., Altenkirch, R., Bast, M., Beckers, M., Ansari, S., Braunroth, Th., Cappellazzo, M., Cortés, M.L., Dewald, A., Diel, F., Djongolov, M., Fransen, C., Gladnishki, K., Goldkuhle, A., Hennig, A., Karayonchev, V., Keatings, J.M., Kluge, E., Kröll, Th., Litzinger, J., Moschner, K., Müller-Gatermann, C., Petkov, P., Rudigier, M., Scheck, M., Spagnoletti, P., Scholz, Ph., Schmidt, T., Spieker, M., Stahl, C., Stegmann, R., Stolz, A., Vogt, A., Stoyanova, M., Thöle, P., Warr, N., Werner, V., Witt, W., Wölk, D., Zamora, J.C., Zell, K.O., Van Isacker, P., and Ponomarev, V. Yu.

Abstract

The lifetimes of the first 2⁺ excited states of ²¹²,²¹⁰Po were measured in two transfer reactions ²⁰⁸Pb(¹²C,⁸Be)²¹²Po and ²⁰⁸Pb(¹²C,¹⁰Be)²¹⁰Po by the Recoil Distance Doppler Shift (RDDS) method and by the Doppler Shift Attenuation method (DSAM), respectively. The derived absolute B(E2) values of 2.6(3) W.u. for ²¹²Po and 1.83(28) W.u. for ²¹⁰Po indicate low collectivity. It is shown that the properties of the yrast 2₁⁺, 4₁⁺, 6₁⁺ and 8₁⁺ states in both nuclei cannot be described consistently in the framework of nuclear shell models. It is also demonstrated in the case of ²¹⁰Po that Quasi-particle Phonon Model (QPM) calculations cannot overcome this problem thus indicating the existence of a peculiarity which is neglected in both theoretical approaches.

Published
2024

24. Progress on M1 Research

Author

Pietralla, N., Rainovski, G., Reese, M., Stahl, C., Beck, T., Beller, J., Romig, C., Werner, V., Pietralla, N., Rainovski, G., Reese, M., Stahl, C., Beck, T., Beller, J., Romig, C., and Werner, V.

Abstract

Magnetic dipole transitions in nuclei can offer crucial information on nuclear structure, e.g., on spin-flip processes or on nuclear charge currents. Driven by the need for more comprehensive or more precise data on M1 transitions in nuclei, we have recently tried to advance pre-existing experimental methods to meet the present needs. This contribution reports on the current status of our efforts on three aspects: (i) access of spin-flip M1 strength in radioactive nuclei, (ii) quadrupole-collectivity of the M1 scissors mode, and (iii) highest- precision measurements for strong ground-state M1 excitations.

Published
2024

25. AGATA - Advanced Gamma Tracking Array

Author

Akkoyun, S., Algora, A., Alikhani, B., Ameil, F., de Angelis, G., Arnold, L., Astier, A., Ataç, A., Aubert, Y., Aufranc, C., Austin, A., Aydin, S., Azaiez, F., Badoer, S., Balabanski, D. L., Barrientos, D., Baulieu, G., Baumann, R., Bazzacco, D., Beck, F. A., Beck, T., Bednarczyk, P., Bellato, M., Bentley, M. A., Benzoni, G., Berthier, R., Berti, L., Beunard, R., Bianco, G. Lo, Birkenbach, B., Bizzeti, P. G., Bizzeti-Sona, A. M., Blanc, F. Le, Blasco, J. M., Blasi, N., Bloor, D., Boiano, C., Borsato, M., Bortolato, D., Boston, A. J., Boston, H. C., Bourgault, P., Boutachkov, P., Bouty, A., Bracco, A., Brambilla, S., Brawn, I. P., Brondi, A., Broussard, S., Bruyneel, B., Bucurescu, D., Burrows, I., Bürger, A., Cabaret, S., Cahan, B., Calore, E., Camera, F., Capsoni, A., Carrió, F., Casati, G., Castoldi, M., Cederwall, B., Cercus, J. -L., Chambert, V., Chambit, M. El, Chapman, R., Charles, L., Chavas, J., Clément, E., Cocconi, P., Coelli, S., Coleman-Smith, P. J., Colombo, A., Colosimo, S., Commeaux, C., Conventi, D., Cooper, R. J., Corsi, A., Cortesi, A., Costa, L., Crespi, F. C. L., Cresswell, J. R., Cullen, D. M., Curien, D., Czermak, A., Delbourg, D., Depalo, R., Descombes, T., Désesquelles, P., Detistov, P., Diarra, C., Didierjean, F., Dimmock, M. R., Doan, Q. T., Domingo-Pardo, C., Doncel, M., Dorangeville, F., Dosme, N., Drouen, Y., Duchêne, G., Dulny, B., Eberth, J., Edelbruck, P., Egea, J., Engert, T., Erduran, M. N., Ertürk, S., Fanin, C., Fantinel, S., Farnea, E., Faul, T., Filliger, M., Filmer, F., Finck, Ch., de France, G., Gadea, A., Gast, W., Geraci, A., Gerl, J., Gernhäuser, R., Giannatiempo, A., Giaz, A., Gibelin, L., Givechev, A., Goel, N., González, V., Gottardo, A., Grave, X., Grȩbosz, J., Griffiths, R., Grint, A. N., Gros, P., Guevara, L., Gulmini, M., Görgen, A., Ha, H. T. M., Habermann, T., Harkness, L. J., Harroch, H., Hauschild, K., He, C., Hernández-Prieto, A., Hervieu, B., Hess, H., Hüyük, T., Ince, E., Isocrate, R., Jaworski, G., Johnson, A., Jolie, J., Jones, P., Jonson, B., Joshi, P., Judson, D. S., Jungclaus, A., Kaci, M., Karkour, N., Karolak, M., Kaşkaş, A., Kebbiri, M., Kempley, R. S., Khaplanov, A., Klupp, S., Kogimtzis, M., Kojouharov, I., Korichi, A., Korten, W., Kröll, Th., Krücken, R., Kurz, N., Ky, B. Y., Labiche, M., Lafay, X., Lavergne, L., Lazarus, I. H., Leboutelier, S., Lefebvre, F., Legay, E., Legeard, L., Lelli, F., Lenzi, S. M., Leoni, S., Lermitage, A., Lersch, D., Leske, J., Letts, S. C., Lhenoret, S., Lieder, R. M., Linget, D., Ljungvall, J., Lopez-Martens, A., Lotodé, A., Lunardi, S., Maj, A., van der Marel, J., Mariette, Y., Marginean, N., Marginean, R., Maron, G., Mather, A. R., Mȩczyński, W., Mendéz, V., Medina, P., Melon, B., Menegazzo, R., Mengoni, D., Merchan, E., Mihailescu, L., Michelagnoli, C., Mierzejewski, J., Milechina, L., Million, B., Mitev, K., Molini, P., Montanari, D., Moon, S., Morbiducci, F., Moro, R., Morrall, P. S., Möller, O., Nannini, A., Napoli, D. R., Nelson, L., Nespolo, M., Ngo, V. L., Nicoletto, M., Nicolini, R., Noa, Y. Le, Nolan, P. J., Norman, M., Nyberg, J., Obertelli, A., Olariu, A., Orlandi, R., Oxley, D. C., Özben, C., Ozille, M., Oziol, C., Pachoud, E., Palacz, M., Palin, J., Pancin, J., Parisel, C., Pariset, P., Pascovici, G., Peghin, R., Pellegri, L., Perego, A., Perrier, S., Petcu, M., Petkov, P., Petrache, C., Pierre, E., Pietralla, N., Pietri, S., Pignanelli, M., Piqueras, I., Podolyak, Z., Pouhalec, P. Le, Pouthas, J., Pugnére, D., Pucknell, V. F. E., Pullia, A., Quintana, B., Raine, R., Rainovski, G., Ramina, L., Rampazzo, G., La Rana, G., Rebeschini, M., Recchia, F., Redon, N., Reese, M., Reiter, P., Regan, P. H., Riboldi, S., Richer, M., Rigato, M., Rigby, S., Ripamonti, G., Robinson, A. P., Robin, J., Roccaz, J., Ropert, J. -A., Rossé, B., Alvarez, C. Rossi, Rosso, D., Rubio, B., Rudolph, D., Saillant, F., Şahin, E., Salomon, F., Salsac, M. -D., Salt, J., Salvato, G., Sampson, J., Sanchis, E., Santos, C., Schaffner, H., Schlarb, M., Scraggs, D. P., Seddon, D., Şenyiğit, M., Sigward, M. -H., Simpson, G., Simpson, J., Slee, M., Smith, J. F., Sona, P., Sowicki, B., Spolaore, P., Stahl, C., Stanios, T., Stefanova, E., Stézowski, O., Strachan, J., Suliman, G., Söderström, P. -A., Tain, J. L., Tanguy, S., Tashenov, S., Theisen, Ch., Thornhill, J., Tomasi, F., Toniolo, N., Touzery, R., Travers, B., Triossi, A., Tripon, M., Tun-Lanoë, K. M. M., Turcato, M., Unsworth, C., Ur, C. A., Valiente-Dobon, J. J., Vandone, V., Vardaci, E., Venturelli, R., Veronese, F., Veyssiere, Ch., Viscione, E., Wadsworth, R., Walker, P. M., Warr, N., Weber, C., Weisshaar, D., Wells, D., Wieland, O., Wiens, A., Wittwer, G., Wollersheim, H. J., Zocca, F., Zamfir, N. V., Ziȩbliński, M., and Zucchiatti, A.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

The Advanced GAmma Tracking Array (AGATA) is a European project to develop and operate the next generation gamma-ray spectrometer. AGATA is based on the technique of gamma-ray energy tracking in electrically segmented high-purity germanium crystals. This technique requires the accurate determination of the energy, time and position of every interaction as a gamma ray deposits its energy within the detector volume. Reconstruction of the full interaction path results in a detector with very high efficiency and excellent spectral response. The realization of gamma-ray tracking and AGATA is a result of many technical advances. These include the development of encapsulated highly-segmented germanium detectors assembled in a triple cluster detector cryostat, an electronics system with fast digital sampling and a data acquisition system to process the data at a high rate. The full characterization of the crystals was measured and compared with detector-response simulations. This enabled pulse-shape analysis algorithms, to extract energy, time and position, to be employed. In addition, tracking algorithms for event reconstruction were developed. The first phase of AGATA is now complete and operational in its first physics campaign. In the future AGATA will be moved between laboratories in Europe and operated in a series of campaigns to take advantage of the different beams and facilities available to maximize its science output. The paper reviews all the achievements made in the AGATA project including all the necessary infrastructure to operate and support the spectrometer., Comment: This version contains a correction of a typing error in the caption of Fig. 2. The DOI to the article published in Nucl. Instr. Meth A was also added

Published
2011
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26. Dilatometric Study of LiHoF4 In a Transverse Magnetic Field

Author

Dunn, J. L., Stahl, C., Reshitnyk, Y., Sim, W., and Hill, R. W.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Strongly Correlated Electrons, Condensed Matter - Other Condensed Matter
Abstract

Theoretical and experimental work have not provided a consistent picture of the phase diagram of the nearly ideal Ising ferromagnet LiHoF4 in a transverse magnetic field. Using a newly fabricated capacitive dilatometer, we have investigated the thermal expansion and magnetostriction of LiHoF4 in magnetic fields applied perpendicular to the Ising direction. Critical points for the ferromagnetic phase transition have been determined from both methods in the classical paramagnetic to ferromagnetic regime. Excellent agreement has been found with existing experimental data suggesting that, in this regime, the current theoretical calculations have not entirely captured the physics of this interesting model system., Comment: 7 pages, 7 figures

Published
2010

29. Benchmarking the PreSPEC@GSI experiment for Coulex-multipolarimetry on the π(p3/2)→π(p1/2)85Br spin-flip transition in π(p3/2)→π(p1/2)85Br

Author

Napiralla, P., Lettmann, M., Stahl, C., Rainovski, G., Pietralla, N., Afara, S., Ameil, F., Arici, T., Aydin, S., Barrientos, D., Bednarczyk, P., Bentley, M. A., Benzoni, G., Birkenbach, B., Blazhev, A., Boston, A. J., Boutachkov, P., Bracco, A., Bruyneel, B., Clément, E., Cortés, M. L., Crespi, F. C. L., Cullen, D. M., Curien, D., Désesquelles, P., Didierjean, F., Domingo-Pardo, C., Duchêne, G., Eberth, J., Egger, H., Fahlander, C., Gerl, J., Gladnishki, K. A., Golubev, P., González, V., Górska, M., Gottardo, A., Grassi, L., Habermann, T., Harkness-Brennan, L. J., Hess, H., Jenkins, D. G., John, P. R., Jolie, J., Judson, D. S., Kojouharov, I., Korten, W., Labiche, M., Lalović, N., Lizarazo, C., Louchart-Henning, C., Maj, A., Menegazzo, R., Mengoni, D., Merchan, E., Million, B., Möller, O., Möller, T., Moschner, K., Modamio, V., Napoli, D., Singh, B. S. Nara, Podolyák, Zs., Pietri, S., Ralet, D., Reese, M., Reiter, P., Rudolph, D., Sanchis, E., Sarmiento, L. G., Schaffner, H., Simpson, J., Singh, P. P., Valiente-Dobón, J. J., Werner, V., and Wieland, O.

Published
2020
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30. A model intercomparison project to study the role of plant functional diversity in the response of tropical forests to drought

Author

Lichstein, J.W., Longo, M., Bereswill, S., Blanco, C.C., Bonal, D., Chave, J., Christoffersen, B.O'D, de Paula, M.D., Derroire, G., Fisher, R.A., Hickler, T., Higgins, S., Hiltner, U., Hofhansl, F., Hogan, J.A., Huth, A., Joshi, J., Knapp, N., Langan, L., Lapola, D., Marechaux, I., Martinez Cano, I., Ongole, S., Rau, E-P., Restrepo-Coupe, N., Sakschewski, B., Saleska, S., Scheiter, S., Stahl, C., Thonicke, K., Wirth, C., Lichstein, J.W., Longo, M., Bereswill, S., Blanco, C.C., Bonal, D., Chave, J., Christoffersen, B.O'D, de Paula, M.D., Derroire, G., Fisher, R.A., Hickler, T., Higgins, S., Hiltner, U., Hofhansl, F., Hogan, J.A., Huth, A., Joshi, J., Knapp, N., Langan, L., Lapola, D., Marechaux, I., Martinez Cano, I., Ongole, S., Rau, E-P., Restrepo-Coupe, N., Sakschewski, B., Saleska, S., Scheiter, S., Stahl, C., Thonicke, K., and Wirth, C.

Abstract

Uncertainty in how the land carbon (C) sink will change over time contributes to uncertainty in Earth system model (ESM) projections of climate change. Much of the land sink is thought to reside in old-growth tropical forests, but recent analyses suggest a diminishing C sink in these forests due to rising temperatures and drought. Thus, there is an urgent need to better understand tropical forest responses to drought and to incorporate this understanding into ESMs. Previous work with vegetation demographic models (VDMs) – which represent the dynamics of individuals or cohorts, along with hydrology and biogeochemistry − suggest that functional diversity can enhance tropical forest resilience to climate change. However, there is little understanding of how different approaches to representing trait diversity and demography affect model outcomes. To explore the potential for trait diversity to moderate tropical forest responses to drought, we explored the behavior of nine VDMs, ranging from models with detailed site-level parameterizations to more generalized land models designed as ESM components. The behavior of each model was studied using soil and meteorological data collected at each of two tropical forest sites: Paracou Research Station, French Guiana, and Tapajos National Forest, Brazil. Low and high trait-diversity scenarios were simulated for each model using historical meteorology, as well as reduced rainfall scenarios. Few models showed strong effects of trait diversity on drought resistance (short-term response of forest biomass to rainfall reduction), but most models showed positive effects of diversity on resilience (long-term recovery of forest biomass following the initial biomass loss due to rainfall reduction). Long-term recovery was always associated with shifts in community composition towards greater drought-tolerance. However, there were large differences among models in the degree and time-scale of recovery. These differences were unrelated to th

Published
2023

40. Resource-Adaptive Personal Navigation

Author

Baus, J., KrüGer, A., Stahl, C., Ide, Nancy, editor, Véronis, Jean, editor, Baayen, Harald, editor, Church, Kenneth W., editor, Klavans, Judith, editor, Barnard, David T., editor, Tufis, Dan, editor, Llisterri, Joaquim, editor, Johansson, Stig, editor, Mariani, Joseph, editor, Stock, Oliviero, editor, and Zancanaro, Massimo, editor

Published
2005
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41. Global transpiration data from sap flow measurements: The SAPFLUXNET database

Author

Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Agència de Gestió d'Ajuts Universitaris i de Recerca, Poyatos, R [0000-0003-0521-2523], Granda, V [0000-0002-0469-1991], Flo, V [0000-0003-1908-4577], Adams, MA [0000-0002-8154-0097], Adorjan, B [0000-0002-5482-2515], Aidar, MPM [0000-0001-5728-6749], Alvarado-Barrientos, MS [0000-0003-0098-0806], Anderson-Teixeira, KJ [0000-0001-7585-712X], Arain, MA [0000-0002-1433-5173], Aranda, I [0000-0001-9086-7940], Asbjornsen, H [000-0001-8126-3328], Oishi, AC [0000-0001-5064-4080], Oliveira RS [0000-0002-6392-2526], Oren, R [0000-0002-5654-1733], Ourcival,JM [0000-0002-3557-3496], Paljakka, T [0000-0002-3674-4904], Perez-Priego, O [0000-0002-3138-3177], Peri, PL [0000-0002-5398-4408], Peters, RL [0000-0002-7441-1297], Pfautsch, S [0000-0002-4390-4195], Pockman, WT [0000-0002-3286-0457], Baxter, R [0000-0002-7504-6797], Preisler, Y [0000-0001-5861-8362], Rocha, H [0000-0002-5981-4469], Röll, A [0000-0001-9457-4459], Rosado, BHP [0000-0002-8924-8672], Rowland, L [0000-0002-0774-3216], Rubtsov, A [0000-0002-9663-4344], Sabaté, S [0000-0003-1854-0761], Salmon, Y [0000-0003-4433-4021], Salomón, RL [0000-0003-2674-1731], Sánchez-Costa, E [0000-0001-6799-9611], Beamesderfer, E [0000-0002-7513-7349], Schäfer, K [0000-0001-9452-3619], Schuldt, B [0000-0003-4738-5289], Shashkin, A [0000-0001-9925-5019], Stahl, C [0000-0001-5411-1169], Stojanović, M [0000-0003-4918-8668], Sun, G [0000-0002-0159-1370], Szatniewska, J [0000-0003-3027-9965], Tatarinov, F [0000-0002-8338-6070], Tesar, M [0000-0002-5647-8498], Thomas, FM [0000-0001-6377-719X], Berveiller, D [0000-0001-7461-6420], Tor-ngern, P [0000-0001-7363-4926], Urban, J [0000-0003-1730-947X], Van der Tol, C [0000-0002-2484-8191], Van Meerveld [0000-0002-7547-3270], Varlagin, A [0000-0002-2549-5236], Werner, C [0000-0002-7676-9057], Wieser, G [0000-0002-7575-5657], Wingate, W [0000-0003-1921-1556], Wullschleger, S [0000-0002-9869-0446], Koong, Y [0000-0002-8630-3031], Blakely, B [0000-0001-9923-0794], Zweifel, R [0000-0001-9438-0582], Steppe, K [0000-0001-6252-0704], Mencuccini, M [0000-0003-0840-1477], Martínez-Vilalta, J [0000-0002-2332-7298], Boggs, J [0000-0003-4826-1843], Bohrer, G [0000-0002-9209-9540], Bolstad, P [0000-0002-1829-8859], Bonal, D [0000-0001-9602-8603], Bracho, R [0000-0002-8015-9796], Brodeur, J [0000-0001-7118-8360], Casanoves, F [0000-0001-8765-9382], Chave, J [0000-0002-7766-1347], Chen, H [0000-0001-7619-3425], Cisneros, C [0000-0001-9661-4581], Clark, K [0000-0003-0534-9677], Cremonese, E [0000-0002-6708-8532], Dang, H [0000-0003-4428-3834], David, J [0000-0001-6994-1085], David, T [0000-0003-1473-899X], Delpierre, D [0000-0003-0906-9402], Desai, AR [0000-0002-5226-6041], Do, FC [0000-0002-2852-627X], Dohnal, M [0000-0003-1769-4750], Domec, JC [0000-0003-0478-2559], Dzikiti, S [0000-0002-1892-4143], Edgar, C [0000-0002-7026-8358], Eichstaedt, R [0000-0002-4905-7994], El-Madany, T [0000-0002-0726-7141], Elbers, J [0000-0002-0631-3505], Eller, CB [0000-0002-7795-2574], Euskirchen, E [0000-0002-0848-4295], Ewers, B [0000-0001-6647-7475], Fonti, P [0000-0002-7070-3292], Forner, A [0000-0002-7123-6403], Forrester, D [0000-0003-2732-5692], Freitas, HC [0000-0002-4861-1164], Galvagno, M [0000-0002-0827-487X], Garcia-Tejera, O [0000-0001-7726-8118], Ghimire, CP [0000-0002-3715-6311], Gimeno, TE [0000-0002-1707-9291], Granier, A [0000-0002-4174-2487], Griebel, A [0000-0002-4476-8279], Guangyu, Y [0000-0003-3242-5348], Gush, MB [0000-0003-1328-9862], Hanson, PJ [0000-0001-7293-3561], Hasselquist, N [0000-0003-2777-0163], Heinrich, I [0000-0001-5800-6999], Hernandez-Santana, V [0000-0001-9018-8622], Herrmann, V [0000-0002-4519-481X], Hölttä, T [0000-0001-7677-7156], Holwerda, F [0000-0003-4125-1765], Ayutthaya, SIN [0000-0002-5354-1527], Jochheim,H [0000-0001-8047-4553], Joly, CA [0000-0002-7945-2805], Kim, HS [0000-0002-3440-6071], Klemedtsson, L [0000-0002-1122-0717], Kropp, H [0000-0002-4258-3393], Lagergren, F [0000-0002-0061-733X], Lane, P [0000-0001-6121-8386], Lapenas, A [0000-0002-2135-3636], Lechuga, V [0000-0003-3745-587X], Lee,M [0000-0002-9601-3863], Leuschner, C [0000-0002-5689-7932], Limousin, JM [0000-0002-2734-2495], Linares, JC [0000-0001-8375-6353], Linderson, ML [0000-0001-6578-6671], Lindroth, A [0000-0002-7669-784X], Llorens, P [0000-0003-4591-5303], López-Bernal, A [0000-0002-1034-4718], Loranty, MM[0000-0001-8851-7386], Macinnis-Ng, C [0000-0003-3935-9814], Marechaux, I [0000-0002-5401-0197], Martin, TA [0000-0002-7872-4194], Matheny, A [0000-0002-9532-7131], McDowell, N [0000-0002-2178-2254], Meir, P [0000-0002-2362-0398], Mészáros, I [0000-0001-8841-730X], Migliavacca, M [0000-0003-3546-8407], Mölder, M [0000-0001-6767-3195], Montagnani, L [0000-0003-2957-9071], Moore, GW [0000-0001-5190-5983], Nakada, R [0000-0002-3704-1784], Niu, F [0000-0003-3445-4011], Nolan, R [0000-0001-9277-5142], Norby,R [0000-0002-0238-9828], Novick, K [0000-0002-8431-0879], Oberhuber, W [0000-0002-5197-7044], Obojes, N [0000-0002-6718-2756], Poyatos, R, Granda, V, Flo, V, Adams, MA, Adorján, B, Aguadé, D, Aidar, MPM, Allen, S, Alvarado-Barrientos, MS, Anderson-Teixeira, KJ, Aparecido, LM, Joly, CA, Kaplick, J, Kim, HS, Klemedtsson, L, Kropp, H, Lagergren, F, Lane, P, Lang, P, Lapenas, A, Lechuga, V, Migliavacca, M, Lee, M, Leuschner, C, Limousin, JM, Linares, JC, Linderson, ML, Lindroth, A, Llorens, P, López-Bernal, A, Loranty, MM, Lüttschwager, D, Mitchell, P, MacInnis-Ng, C, Maréchaux, I, Martin, TA, Matheny, A, McDowell, N, McMahon, S, Meir, P, Mészáros, I, Molder, M, Mölder, M, Montagnani, L, Moore, GW, Nakada, R, Niu, F, Nolan, R, Norby,R, Novick, K, Oberhuber, W, Obojes, N, Oishi, AC, Oliveira RS, Oren, R, Ourcival,JM, Paljakka, T, Perez-Priego, O, Peri, PL, Peters, RL, Pfautsch, S, Pockman, WT, Preisler, Y, Rascher, K, Robinson, G, Rocha, H, Rocheteau, A, Röll, A, Rosado, BHP, Rowland, L [, Rubtsov, A, Sabaté, S, Salmon, Y, Salomón, RL, Sánchez-Costa, E, Schäfer, K, Schuldt, B, Shashkin, A, Stahl, C, Stojanovic, M, Suárez, JC, Sun, G, Niu, FR, Szatniewska, J, Tatarinov, F, Tesar, M, Thomas, FM, Tor-ngern, P, Urban, J, Valladares, F, Van der Tol, C, Van Meerveld, Varlagin, A, Norby, R, Voigt, H, Warren, J, Werner, C, Werner, W, Wieser, G, Wingate, W, Wullschleger, S, Koong, Y, Zweifel, R, Arain, MA, Oliveira, RS, Ourcival, JM, Aranda, I, Roll, A, Asbjornsen, H, Baxter, R, Beamesderfer, E, Berry, ZC, Berveiller, D, Blakely, B, Boggs, J, Bohrer, G, Bolstad, PV, Bonal, D, Bracho, R, Brito, P, Brodeur, J, Casanoves, F, Chave, J, Chen, H, Cisneros, C, Clark, K, Cremonese, E, Dang, HZ, David, JS, David, TS, Delpierre, N, Desai, AR, Do, Frederic C., Dohnal, M, Domec, JC, Dzikiti, S, Edgar, C, Eichstaedt, R, El-Madany, TS, Elbers, J, Eller, CB, Euskirchen, ES, Ewers, B, Fonti, P, Forner, A, Forrester, DI, Freitas, HC, Galvagno, M, Garcia-Tejera, O, Ghimire, CP, Gimeno, TE, Grace, J, Granier, A, Griebel, A, Guangyu, Y, Gush, MB, Hanson, PJ, Hasselquist, NJ, Heinrich, I, Hernandez-Santana, V, Herrmann, V, Hölttä, T, Holwerda, F, Irvine, J, Ayutthaya, SIN, Jarvis, PG, Jochheim, H, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Agència de Gestió d'Ajuts Universitaris i de Recerca, Poyatos, R [0000-0003-0521-2523], Granda, V [0000-0002-0469-1991], Flo, V [0000-0003-1908-4577], Adams, MA [0000-0002-8154-0097], Adorjan, B [0000-0002-5482-2515], Aidar, MPM [0000-0001-5728-6749], Alvarado-Barrientos, MS [0000-0003-0098-0806], Anderson-Teixeira, KJ [0000-0001-7585-712X], Arain, MA [0000-0002-1433-5173], Aranda, I [0000-0001-9086-7940], Asbjornsen, H [000-0001-8126-3328], Oishi, AC [0000-0001-5064-4080], Oliveira RS [0000-0002-6392-2526], Oren, R [0000-0002-5654-1733], Ourcival,JM [0000-0002-3557-3496], Paljakka, T [0000-0002-3674-4904], Perez-Priego, O [0000-0002-3138-3177], Peri, PL [0000-0002-5398-4408], Peters, RL [0000-0002-7441-1297], Pfautsch, S [0000-0002-4390-4195], Pockman, WT [0000-0002-3286-0457], Baxter, 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[0000-0001-8047-4553], Joly, CA [0000-0002-7945-2805], Kim, HS [0000-0002-3440-6071], Klemedtsson, L [0000-0002-1122-0717], Kropp, H [0000-0002-4258-3393], Lagergren, F [0000-0002-0061-733X], Lane, P [0000-0001-6121-8386], Lapenas, A [0000-0002-2135-3636], Lechuga, V [0000-0003-3745-587X], Lee,M [0000-0002-9601-3863], Leuschner, C [0000-0002-5689-7932], Limousin, JM [0000-0002-2734-2495], Linares, JC [0000-0001-8375-6353], Linderson, ML [0000-0001-6578-6671], Lindroth, A [0000-0002-7669-784X], Llorens, P [0000-0003-4591-5303], López-Bernal, A [0000-0002-1034-4718], Loranty, MM[0000-0001-8851-7386], Macinnis-Ng, C [0000-0003-3935-9814], Marechaux, I [0000-0002-5401-0197], Martin, TA [0000-0002-7872-4194], Matheny, A [0000-0002-9532-7131], McDowell, N [0000-0002-2178-2254], Meir, P [0000-0002-2362-0398], Mészáros, I [0000-0001-8841-730X], Migliavacca, M [0000-0003-3546-8407], Mölder, M [0000-0001-6767-3195], Montagnani, L [0000-0003-2957-9071], Moore, GW [0000-0001-5190-5983], Nakada, R [0000-0002-3704-1784], Niu, F [0000-0003-3445-4011], Nolan, R [0000-0001-9277-5142], Norby,R [0000-0002-0238-9828], Novick, K [0000-0002-8431-0879], Oberhuber, W [0000-0002-5197-7044], Obojes, N [0000-0002-6718-2756], Poyatos, R, Granda, V, Flo, V, Adams, MA, Adorján, B, Aguadé, D, Aidar, MPM, Allen, S, Alvarado-Barrientos, MS, Anderson-Teixeira, KJ, Aparecido, LM, Joly, CA, Kaplick, J, Kim, HS, Klemedtsson, L, Kropp, H, Lagergren, F, Lane, P, Lang, P, Lapenas, A, Lechuga, V, Migliavacca, M, Lee, M, Leuschner, C, Limousin, JM, Linares, JC, Linderson, ML, Lindroth, A, Llorens, P, López-Bernal, A, Loranty, MM, Lüttschwager, D, Mitchell, P, MacInnis-Ng, C, Maréchaux, I, Martin, TA, Matheny, A, McDowell, N, McMahon, S, Meir, P, Mészáros, I, Molder, M, Mölder, M, Montagnani, L, Moore, GW, Nakada, R, Niu, F, Nolan, R, Norby,R, Novick, K, Oberhuber, W, Obojes, N, Oishi, AC, Oliveira RS, Oren, R, Ourcival,JM, Paljakka, T, Perez-Priego, O, Peri, PL, Peters, RL, Pfautsch, S, Pockman, WT, Preisler, Y, Rascher, K, Robinson, G, Rocha, H, Rocheteau, A, Röll, A, Rosado, BHP, Rowland, L [, Rubtsov, A, Sabaté, S, Salmon, Y, Salomón, RL, Sánchez-Costa, E, Schäfer, K, Schuldt, B, Shashkin, A, Stahl, C, Stojanovic, M, Suárez, JC, Sun, G, Niu, FR, Szatniewska, J, Tatarinov, F, Tesar, M, Thomas, FM, Tor-ngern, P, Urban, J, Valladares, F, Van der Tol, C, Van Meerveld, Varlagin, A, Norby, R, Voigt, H, Warren, J, Werner, C, Werner, W, Wieser, G, Wingate, W, Wullschleger, S, Koong, Y, Zweifel, R, Arain, MA, Oliveira, RS, Ourcival, JM, Aranda, I, Roll, A, Asbjornsen, H, Baxter, R, Beamesderfer, E, Berry, ZC, Berveiller, D, Blakely, B, Boggs, J, Bohrer, G, Bolstad, PV, Bonal, D, Bracho, R, Brito, P, Brodeur, J, Casanoves, F, Chave, J, Chen, H, Cisneros, C, Clark, K, Cremonese, E, Dang, HZ, David, JS, David, TS, Delpierre, N, Desai, AR, Do, Frederic C., Dohnal, M, Domec, JC, Dzikiti, S, Edgar, C, Eichstaedt, R, El-Madany, TS, Elbers, J, Eller, CB, Euskirchen, ES, Ewers, B, Fonti, P, Forner, A, Forrester, DI, Freitas, HC, Galvagno, M, Garcia-Tejera, O, Ghimire, CP, Gimeno, TE, Grace, J, Granier, A, Griebel, A, Guangyu, Y, Gush, MB, Hanson, PJ, Hasselquist, NJ, Heinrich, I, Hernandez-Santana, V, Herrmann, V, Hölttä, T, Holwerda, F, Irvine, J, Ayutthaya, SIN, Jarvis, PG, and Jochheim, H

Abstract

Plant transpiration links physiological responses of vegetation to water supply and demand with hydrological, energy, and carbon budgets at the land-atmosphere interface. However, despite being the main land evaporative flux at the global scale, transpiration and its response to environmental drivers are currently not well constrained by observations. Here we introduce the first global compilation of whole-plant transpiration data from sap flow measurements (SAPFLUXNET, https://sapfluxnet.creaf.cat/, last access: 8 June 2021). We harmonized and quality-controlled individual datasets supplied by contributors worldwide in a semi-automatic data workflow implemented in the R programming language. Datasets include sub-daily time series of sap flow and hydrometeorological drivers for one or more growing seasons, as well as metadata on the stand characteristics, plant attributes, and technical details of the measurements. SAPFLUXNET contains 202 globally distributed datasets with sap flow time series for 2714 plants, mostly trees, of 174 species. SAPFLUXNET has a broad bioclimatic coverage, with woodland/shrubland and temperate forest biomes especially well represented (80% of the datasets). The measurements cover a wide variety of stand structural characteristics and plant sizes. The datasets encompass the period between 1995 and 2018, with 50% of the datasets being at least 3 years long. Accompanying radiation and vapour pressure deficit data are available for most of the datasets, while on-site soil water content is available for 56% of the datasets. Many datasets contain data for species that make up 90% or more of the total stand basal area, allowing the estimation of stand transpiration in diverse ecological settings. SAPFLUXNET adds to existing plant trait datasets, ecosystem flux networks, and remote sensing products to help increase our understanding of plant water use, plant responses to drought, and ecohydrological processes. SAPFLUXNET version 0.1.5 is freely a

Published
2021

42. The three major axes of terrestrial ecosystem function

Author

Migliavacca, M, Musavi, T, Mahecha, M, Nelson, J, Knauer, J, Baldocchi, D, Perez-Priego, O, Christiansen, R, Peters, J, Anderson, K, Bahn, M, Black, T, Blanken, P, Bonal, D, Buchmann, N, Caldararu, S, Carrara, A, Carvalhais, N, Cescatti, A, Chen, J, Cleverly, J, Cremonese, E, Desai, A, El-Madany, T, Farella, M, Fernandez-Martinez, M, Filippa, G, Forkel, M, Galvagno, M, Gomarasca, U, Gough, C, Gockede, M, Ibrom, A, Ikawa, H, Janssens, I, Jung, M, Kattge, J, Keenan, T, Knohl, A, Kobayashi, H, Kraemer, G, Law, B, Liddell, M, Ma, X, Mammarella, I, Martini, D, Macfarlane, C, Matteucci, G, Montagnani, L, Pabon-Moreno, D, Panigada, C, Papale, D, Pendall, E, Penuelas, J, Phillips, R, Reich, P, Rossini, M, Rotenberg, E, Scott, R, Stahl, C, Weber, U, Wohlfahrt, G, Wolf, S, Wright, I, Yakir, D, Zaehle, S, Reichstein, M, Migliavacca M., Musavi T., Mahecha M. D., Nelson J. A., Knauer J., Baldocchi D. D., Perez-Priego O., Christiansen R., Peters J., Anderson K., Bahn M., Black T. A., Blanken P. D., Bonal D., Buchmann N., Caldararu S., Carrara A., Carvalhais N., Cescatti A., Chen J., Cleverly J., Cremonese E., Desai A. R., El-Madany T. S., Farella M. M., Fernandez-Martinez M., Filippa G., Forkel M., Galvagno M., Gomarasca U., Gough C. M., Gockede M., Ibrom A., Ikawa H., Janssens I. A., Jung M., Kattge J., Keenan T. F., Knohl A., Kobayashi H., Kraemer G., Law B. E., Liddell M. J., Ma X., Mammarella I., Martini D., Macfarlane C., Matteucci G., Montagnani L., Pabon-Moreno D. E., Panigada C., Papale D., Pendall E., Penuelas J., Phillips R. P., Reich P. B., Rossini M., Rotenberg E., Scott R. L., Stahl C., Weber U., Wohlfahrt G., Wolf S., Wright I. J., Yakir D., Zaehle S., Reichstein M., Migliavacca, M, Musavi, T, Mahecha, M, Nelson, J, Knauer, J, Baldocchi, D, Perez-Priego, O, Christiansen, R, Peters, J, Anderson, K, Bahn, M, Black, T, Blanken, P, Bonal, D, Buchmann, N, Caldararu, S, Carrara, A, Carvalhais, N, Cescatti, A, Chen, J, Cleverly, J, Cremonese, E, Desai, A, El-Madany, T, Farella, M, Fernandez-Martinez, M, Filippa, G, Forkel, M, Galvagno, M, Gomarasca, U, Gough, C, Gockede, M, Ibrom, A, Ikawa, H, Janssens, I, Jung, M, Kattge, J, Keenan, T, Knohl, A, Kobayashi, H, Kraemer, G, Law, B, Liddell, M, Ma, X, Mammarella, I, Martini, D, Macfarlane, C, Matteucci, G, Montagnani, L, Pabon-Moreno, D, Panigada, C, Papale, D, Pendall, E, Penuelas, J, Phillips, R, Reich, P, Rossini, M, Rotenberg, E, Scott, R, Stahl, C, Weber, U, Wohlfahrt, G, Wolf, S, Wright, I, Yakir, D, Zaehle, S, Reichstein, M, Migliavacca M., Musavi T., Mahecha M. D., Nelson J. A., Knauer J., Baldocchi D. D., Perez-Priego O., Christiansen R., Peters J., Anderson K., Bahn M., Black T. A., Blanken P. D., Bonal D., Buchmann N., Caldararu S., Carrara A., Carvalhais N., Cescatti A., Chen J., Cleverly J., Cremonese E., Desai A. R., El-Madany T. S., Farella M. M., Fernandez-Martinez M., Filippa G., Forkel M., Galvagno M., Gomarasca U., Gough C. M., Gockede M., Ibrom A., Ikawa H., Janssens I. A., Jung M., Kattge J., Keenan T. F., Knohl A., Kobayashi H., Kraemer G., Law B. E., Liddell M. J., Ma X., Mammarella I., Martini D., Macfarlane C., Matteucci G., Montagnani L., Pabon-Moreno D. E., Panigada C., Papale D., Pendall E., Penuelas J., Phillips R. P., Reich P. B., Rossini M., Rotenberg E., Scott R. L., Stahl C., Weber U., Wohlfahrt G., Wolf S., Wright I. J., Yakir D., Zaehle S., and Reichstein M.

Abstract

The leaf economics spectrum and the global spectrum of plant forms and functions3 revealed fundamental axes of variation in plant traits, which represent different ecological strategies that are shaped by the evolutionary development of plant species. Ecosystem functions depend on environmental conditions and the traits of species that comprise the ecological communities. However, the axes of variation of ecosystem functions are largely unknown, which limits our understanding of how ecosystems respond as a whole to anthropogenic drivers, climate and environmental variability. Here we derive a set of ecosystem functions from a dataset of surface gas exchange measurements across major terrestrial biomes. We find that most of the variability within ecosystem functions (71.8%) is captured by three key axes. The first axis reflects maximum ecosystem productivity and is mostly explained by vegetation structure. The second axis reflects ecosystem water-use strategies and is jointly explained by variation in vegetation height and climate. The third axis, which represents ecosystem carbon-use efficiency, features a gradient related to aridity, and is explained primarily by variation in vegetation structure. We show that two state-of-the-art land surface models reproduce the first and most important axis of ecosystem functions. However, the models tend to simulate more strongly correlated functions than those observed, which limits their ability to accurately predict the full range of responses to environmental changes in carbon, water and energy cycling in terrestrial ecosystems.

Published
2021

48. Temporary antimetabolite treatment hold boosts SARS-CoV-2 vaccination-specific humoral and cellular immunity in kidney transplant recipients

Author

Schrezenmeier E, Rincon-Arevalo H, Jens A, Stefanski AL, Hammett C, Osmanodja B, Koch N, Zukunft B, Beck J, Oellerich M, Proß V, Stahl C, Choi M, Bachmann F, Liefeldt L, Glander P, Schütz E, Bornemann-Kolatzki K, López Del Moral C, Schrezenmeier H, Ludwig C, Jahrsdörfer B, Eckardt KU, Lachmann N, Kotsch K, Dörner T, Halleck F, Sattler A, Budde K.

Published
2022
Full Text
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49. Global transpiration data from sap flow measurements: The SAPFLUXNET database

Author

Poyatos, R, Granda, V, Flo, V, Adams, MA, Adorján, B, Aguadé, D, Aidar, MPM, Allen, S, Alvarado-Barrientos, MS, Anderson-Teixeira, KJ, Aparecido, LM, Joly, CA, Kaplick, J, Kim, HS, Klemedtsson, L, Kropp, H, Lagergren, F, Lane, P, Lang, P, Lapenas, A, Lechuga, V, Migliavacca, M, Lee, M, Leuschner, C, Limousin, JM, Linares, JC, Linderson, ML, Lindroth, A, Llorens, P, López-Bernal, A, Loranty, MM, Lüttschwager, D, Mitchell, P, MacInnis-Ng, C, Maréchaux, I, Martin, TA, Matheny, A, McDowell, N, McMahon, S, Meir, P, Mészáros, I, Molder, M, Mölder, M, Montagnani, L, Moore, GW, Nakada, R, Niu, F, Nolan, R, Norby,R, Novick, K, Oberhuber, W, Obojes, N, Oishi, AC, Oliveira RS, Oren, R, Ourcival,JM, Paljakka, T, Perez-Priego, O, Peri, PL, Peters, RL, Pfautsch, S, Pockman, WT, Preisler, Y, Rascher, K, Robinson, G, Rocha, H, Rocheteau, A, Röll, A, Rosado, BHP, Rowland, L [, Rubtsov, A, Sabaté, S, Salmon, Y, Salomón, RL, Sánchez-Costa, E, Schäfer, K, Schuldt, B, Shashkin, A, Stahl, C, Stojanovic, M, Suárez, JC, Sun, G, Niu, FR, Szatniewska, J, Tatarinov, F, Tesar, M, Thomas, FM, Tor-ngern, P, Urban, J, Valladares, F, Van der Tol, C, Van Meerveld, Varlagin, A, Norby, R, Voigt, H, Warren, J, Werner, C, Werner, W, Wieser, G, Wingate, W, Wullschleger, S, Koong, Y, Zweifel, R, Arain, MA, Oliveira, RS, Ourcival, JM, Aranda, I, Roll, A, Asbjornsen, H, Baxter, R, Beamesderfer, E, Berry, ZC, Berveiller, D, Blakely, B, Boggs, J, Bohrer, G, Bolstad, PV, Bonal, D, Bracho, R, Brito, P, Brodeur, J, Casanoves, F, Chave, J, Chen, H, Cisneros, C, Clark, K, Cremonese, E, Dang, HZ, David, JS, David, TS, Delpierre, N, Desai, AR, Do, Frederic C., Dohnal, M, Domec, JC, Dzikiti, S, Edgar, C, Eichstaedt, R, El-Madany, TS, Elbers, J, Eller, CB, Euskirchen, ES, Ewers, B, Fonti, P, Forner, A, Forrester, DI, Freitas, HC, Galvagno, M, Garcia-Tejera, O, Ghimire, CP, Gimeno, TE, Grace, J, Granier, A, Griebel, A, Guangyu, Y, Gush, MB, Hanson, PJ, Hasselquist, NJ, Heinrich, I, Hernandez-Santana, V, Herrmann, V, Hölttä, T, Holwerda, F, Irvine, J, Ayutthaya, SIN, Jarvis, PG, Jochheim, H, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Agència de Gestió d'Ajuts Universitaris i de Recerca, Poyatos, R [0000-0003-0521-2523], Granda, V [0000-0002-0469-1991], Flo, V [0000-0003-1908-4577], Adams, MA [0000-0002-8154-0097], Adorjan, B [0000-0002-5482-2515], Aidar, MPM [0000-0001-5728-6749], Alvarado-Barrientos, MS [0000-0003-0098-0806], Anderson-Teixeira, KJ [0000-0001-7585-712X], Arain, MA [0000-0002-1433-5173], Aranda, I [0000-0001-9086-7940], Asbjornsen, H [000-0001-8126-3328], Oishi, AC [0000-0001-5064-4080], Oliveira RS [0000-0002-6392-2526], Oren, R [0000-0002-5654-1733], Ourcival,JM [0000-0002-3557-3496], Paljakka, T [0000-0002-3674-4904], Perez-Priego, O [0000-0002-3138-3177], Peri, PL [0000-0002-5398-4408], Peters, RL [0000-0002-7441-1297], Pfautsch, S [0000-0002-4390-4195], Pockman, WT [0000-0002-3286-0457], Baxter, R [0000-0002-7504-6797], Preisler, Y [0000-0001-5861-8362], Rocha, H [0000-0002-5981-4469], Röll, A [0000-0001-9457-4459], Rosado, BHP [0000-0002-8924-8672], Rowland, L [0000-0002-0774-3216], Rubtsov, A [0000-0002-9663-4344], Sabaté, S [0000-0003-1854-0761], Salmon, Y [0000-0003-4433-4021], Salomón, RL [0000-0003-2674-1731], Sánchez-Costa, E [0000-0001-6799-9611], Beamesderfer, E [0000-0002-7513-7349], Schäfer, K [0000-0001-9452-3619], Schuldt, B [0000-0003-4738-5289], Shashkin, A [0000-0001-9925-5019], Stahl, C [0000-0001-5411-1169], Stojanović, M [0000-0003-4918-8668], Sun, G [0000-0002-0159-1370], Szatniewska, J [0000-0003-3027-9965], Tatarinov, F [0000-0002-8338-6070], Tesar, M [0000-0002-5647-8498], Thomas, FM [0000-0001-6377-719X], Berveiller, D [0000-0001-7461-6420], Tor-ngern, P [0000-0001-7363-4926], Urban, J [0000-0003-1730-947X], Van der Tol, C [0000-0002-2484-8191], Van Meerveld [0000-0002-7547-3270], Varlagin, A [0000-0002-2549-5236], Werner, C [0000-0002-7676-9057], Wieser, G [0000-0002-7575-5657], Wingate, W [0000-0003-1921-1556], 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Subjects
Stomatal condua, Sapflow measurements, Heat-pulse method, Vapor- pressure deficit, Radial patterns, Water use strategies, Eddy covariance, Fluw density, Thermal dissipation
Abstract

Plant transpiration links physiological responses of vegetation to water supply and demand with hydrological, energy, and carbon budgets at the land-atmosphere interface. However, despite being the main land evaporative flux at the global scale, transpiration and its response to environmental drivers are currently not well constrained by observations. Here we introduce the first global compilation of whole-plant transpiration data from sap flow measurements (SAPFLUXNET, https://sapfluxnet.creaf.cat/, last access: 8 June 2021). We harmonized and quality-controlled individual datasets supplied by contributors worldwide in a semi-automatic data workflow implemented in the R programming language. Datasets include sub-daily time series of sap flow and hydrometeorological drivers for one or more growing seasons, as well as metadata on the stand characteristics, plant attributes, and technical details of the measurements. SAPFLUXNET contains 202 globally distributed datasets with sap flow time series for 2714 plants, mostly trees, of 174 species. SAPFLUXNET has a broad bioclimatic coverage, with woodland/shrubland and temperate forest biomes especially well represented (80% of the datasets). The measurements cover a wide variety of stand structural characteristics and plant sizes. The datasets encompass the period between 1995 and 2018, with 50% of the datasets being at least 3 years long. Accompanying radiation and vapour pressure deficit data are available for most of the datasets, while on-site soil water content is available for 56% of the datasets. Many datasets contain data for species that make up 90% or more of the total stand basal area, allowing the estimation of stand transpiration in diverse ecological settings. SAPFLUXNET adds to existing plant trait datasets, ecosystem flux networks, and remote sensing products to help increase our understanding of plant water use, plant responses to drought, and ecohydrological processes. SAPFLUXNET version 0.1.5 is freely available from the Zenodo repository (10.5281/zenodo.3971689; Poyatos et al., 2020a). The "sapfluxnetr"R package-designed to access, visualize, and process SAPFLUXNET data-is available from CRAN. This research was supported by the Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (grant no. CGL2014-55883-JIN), the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (grant no. RTI2018-095297-J-I00), the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (grant no. CAS16/00207), the Agència de Gestió d'Ajuts Universitaris i de Recerca (grant no. SGR1001), the Alexander von Humboldt-Stiftung (Humboldt Research Fellowship for Experienced Researchers (RP)), and the Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (Academia Award (JMV)). Víctor Flo was supported by the doctoral fellowship FPU15/03939 (MECD, Spain).

Published
2021

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