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The synchrotron SIS18 at GSI uses resonant extraction for slow beam extraction on the order of seconds. For some time, there has been an unexplained discrepancy of the slow extraction with a lower extraction efficiency than expected at the highest beam energies. Recent machine studies have indicated that the deflection by the electrostatic septum might be less than the nominal 2.5 mrad, leading to increased losses at the magnetic septum. In this paper, we pursue an idea to directly measure the voltage of the electrode gap by utilizing the fact that dark current electrons accelerated in the gap of the electrostatic extraction septum generate Bremsstrahlung X-rays when hitting the anode. The high-energy cut-off of the X-ray spectra then corresponds to the voltage of the electrode gap. Measurements of the X-ray spectra at the extraction septum of SIS18 have been performed using a solid-state CdTe detector. This technique provides an in-situ measurement of the voltage applied to the electrostatic extraction channel and has proven to be a useful diagnostics tool., Proceedings of the 12th International Particle Accelerator Conference, IPAC2021, Campinas, SP, Brazil

The synchrotron SIS18 of the GSI facility has recently resumed beam operation after a long shutdown, during which major upgrades for the operation of SIS18 in the FAIR facility were realized. This signifies a major milestone for the mission of GSI and FAIR. On one hand, the scientific program of GSI depends strongly on beam from SIS18, including the very important developments of detectors for FAIR experiments. On the other hand, large parts of the existing GSI accelerator facility, including SIS18, are now operated with the FAIR control system, demonstrating its suitability for control of a large scale accelerator facility. Commissioning of the new control system started during the shutdown with a series of dry runs, which proved very useful to establish the basic functionalities. Recommissioning of SIS18 was further facilitated by the fact that the machine model of SIS18, implemented in the modeling framework LSA, had already been tested with beam several years before the shutdown. Thus, all operation modes of SIS18, including multi-turn injection, electron cooling, as well as fast and slow extraction could be successfully commissioned during the first weeks of operation. Other commissioning activities concerned the operation of new devices installed during the shutdown. These devices, mostly installed to prepare SIS18 for the operation with FAIR design parameters, open new possibilities in the standard operation of SIS18. A challenge for the operation of SIS18 is posed by ground motion due to ground water lowering for the nearby FAIR construction site. Surveys revealed that SIS18 subsided by several centimeters during one year. Even though the machine was realigned prior to recommissioning, the dynamics of the ground motion will continue to affect operation of SIS18., Proceedings of the 10th Int. Particle Accelerator Conf., IPAC2019, Melbourne, Australia

The project "Link existing Facility", or GaF (GSI Anbindung an FAIR), is an important subproject of the overall FAIR facility. In order to serve as injector for SIS100, the main accelerator of FAIR, the existing GSI synchrotron SIS18 is undergoing an upgrade program leading to about 100 times higher beam intensities. Especially the foreseen operation with 4 GeV Protons with up to 5·10¹² protons per second increases the radiation protection requirements to such an extent that the existing radiation protection measures are no longer sufficient. The project consists of 78 individual measures. The four most substantial activities are the construction of a table-like structure to carry additional shielding. The creation of an opening and a first part of transfer tunnel for the beamlines towards the future FAIR campus. The preparation for the building, beam dump and connection of the FAIR proton injector. The incorporation of state-of-the-art radiation- and fire-protection measures into the present facilities including the a new technical building to house technical infrastructure. We report on the project status which is foreseen to finish mid-2018., Proceedings of the 9th Int. Particle Accelerator Conf., IPAC2018, Vancouver, BC, Canada

After two-year's shutdown, the GSI accelerators plus the latest addition of storage ring CRYRING, will be back into operation in 2018 as the FAIR phase 0 with the goal to fulfill the needs of scientific community and the FAIR accelerators and detector development. Even though GSI has been well known for its operation of a variety of ion beams ranging from proton up to uranium for multi research areas such as nuclear physics, astrophysics, biophysics, material science, the upcoming beam time faces a number of challenges in re-commissioning its existing circular accelerators with brand new control system and upgrade of beam instrumentations, as well as in rising failures of dated components and systems. The cycling synchrotron SIS18 has been undergoing a set of upgrade measures for fulfilling future FAIR operation, among which many measures will also be commissioned during the upcoming beam time. This paper presents the highlights of the challenges such as re-establishing the high intensity heavy ion operation as well as parallel operation mode for serving multi users. The status of preparation including commissioning results will also be reported., Proceedings of the 9th Int. Particle Accelerator Conf., IPAC2018, Vancouver, BC, Canada

SIS100 is a unique heavy ion synchrotron designed for the generation of high intensity heavy ion and Proton beams. New features and solutions are implemented to enable operation with low charge state heavy ions and to minimize ionization beam loss driven by collisions with the residual gas. SIS100 aims for new frontier and world wide leading Uranium bam intensities. A huge effort is taken to stabilized the dynamics of the residual gas pressure and to suppress ion induced desorption. Fast ramped superconducting magnets have been developed and are in production with highest precision in engineering and field quality, matching the requirements from beams with high space charge. A powerful equipment with Rf stations for fast acceleration, pre- and final compression, for the generation of barrier buckets and provision of longitudinal feed-back shall allow a flexible handling of the ion bunches for the matching to various user requirements. Results obtained with FOS (first of series) devices, status of realisation and technical challenges resulting from the demanding goals, will be presented., Proceedings of the 8th Int. Particle Accelerator Conf., IPAC2017, Copenhagen, Denmark

Optimization of energy efficiency and utilization of renewable energy sources has become a major focus of political and social policies, leading to increasing energy cost not only in Germany but also in the European energy market. Simultaneously the energy demand of future accelerator projects is estimated to rise compared to existing facilities, leading to overall increased energy costs. Energy efficiency could counteract this trend by reducing energy consumption for a given research goal. This work aims to find recommendations for saving potential in existing research accelerators as well as guidelines for construction of future facilities. In order to identify and develop key figures for comparison between several international particle accelerator facilities, data has been collected by a questionnaire developed in cooperation between GSI and TUD, Darmstadt. We present the first results of it's evaluation., Proceedings of the 7th Int. Particle Accelerator Conf., IPAC2016, Busan, Korea

New particle accelerator based research facilities tend to be much more productive, but often in coincidence with much higher energy consumption. The total energy consumption of mankind is steeply rising, while some European countries decided to terminate nuclear power generation and to switch to renewable energy production. Also the CO2 problem gives rise to new approaches for energy production and in all strategies the efficiency of utilization of electrical energy plays an important role. For the public acceptance of particle accelerator projects it is thus very important to optimize them for best utilization of electrical energy and to show these efforts to funding bodies and to the public. Within the European accelerator development program Eucard-2 we organise a network EnEfficient that aims at improving the energy efficiency of accelerators. In this paper we give some background information on the political situation, we describe the power flow in accelerator facilities and we give examples for developments of efficient accelerator systems, such as magnets, RF generation and beam acceleration, heat recovery and energy management., Proceedings of the 6th Int. Particle Accelerator Conf., IPAC2015, Richmond, VA, USA

EuCARD² is an Integrating Activity Project for coordinated Research and Development on Particle Accelerators, co-funded by the European Commission under the FP7 Capacities Programme. Within the network EnEfficient we address topics around energy efficiency of research accelerators. The ambitious scientific research goals of modern accelerator facilities lead to high requirements in beam power and beam quality for those research accelerators. In conjunction with the user’s needs the power consumption and environmental impact of the research facilities becomes a major factor in the perception of both funding agencies and the general public. In this Network we combine and focus the R&D done individually at different research centers into a series of workshops. We cover the topics “Energy recovery from cooling circuits “, “Higher electronic efficiency RF power generation“, “Short term energy storage systems”, “Virtual power plants” and “Beam transfer channels with low power consumption”. Our network activities are naturally open to external participants. With this work we will introduce our energy efficiency topics to interested participants and contributors from the whole community., Proceedings of the 5th Int. Particle Accelerator Conf., IPAC2014, Dresden, Germany

To ensure safe functionality and reduce unneccessary shutdowns, a risk analysis of the main driver accelerator for the FAIR project SIS100, has been done. The analysis includes all major technical systems and was done accordingly to EN 61508. Results of the analysis and appropriate countermeasures for detection and/or mitigation of the failures are presented. Furthermore, an estimation of the accelerator‘s availability is given., Proceedings of the 5th Int. Particle Accelerator Conf., IPAC2014, Dresden, Germany

The engineering design, including the specifications for the accelerator components of the FAIR synchrotron SIS100 has been summarized in the Technical Design Report. The final stage of technical planning shall approach production readiness for the major technical systems in 2010. Significant progress has been achieved in the design of the cryomagnetic system with its main dipole and quadrupole modules, enabling the production of the first pre-series dipole magnet. Slight modifications of the lattice have been implemented to equalize most of the cryostat interconnections, leading to a simplified design and installation effort, and a reduced variety of components and spar parts. The new parallel tunnel allows optimal short interconnections between the supply units and power converters and the accelerator components. The status of the engineering design of SIS100 will be reported., Proceedings of the 1st International Particle Accelerator Conference, IPAC2010, Kyoto, Japan

Within the frame of the EuCARD program, the GSI Darmstadt is performing accelerator R in workpackage 8: ColMat. The effort is focused on materials important for building the FAIR accelerator facility at GSI and the LHC upgrade at CERN. Accelerator components and especially protection devices have to be operated in high dose environments. The radiation hazard occurs either by the primary proton and ion beams or the secondary radiation. Detailed numerical simulations have been carried out to study the damage caused to solid targets by the full impact of the LHC beam as well as the SPS beam. Tungsten, copper and graphite targets have been studied. Experimental an theoretical studies on radiation damage on materials used for the LHC upgrade and the FAIR accelerators are performed at the present GSI experimental facilities. Technical decisions based on these results will have an impact on the FAIR component specifications. A cryogenic ion-catcher prototype will be constructed and tested. The ion-catcher is essential for reaching highest heavy ion beam intensities in SIS100. The prototype will be set-up at GSI to perform measurements with heavy ion beams of synchrotron SIS18., Proceedings of the 1st International Particle Accelerator Conference, IPAC2010, Kyoto, Japan

The Beta-Beam is a concept of large-scale facility that aims at providing pure electronic neutrino and antineutrino beams for the measurement of electron and muon neutrino oscillations. Beta-decaying nuclides are produced in large amounts in a facility of the scale of EURISOL, and are then post-accelerated and stored at large gamma in a racetrack decay ring. We present here a conceptual design of the accelerator chain of a Beta-Beam based at CERN.