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1. Putting the Pieces Together: Student Thinking about Transformations of Energy and Matter

Author

Bhatia, Kush S., Stack, Austin, Sensibaugh, Cheryl A., and Lemons, Paula P.

Abstract

Research on student thinking facilitates the design of instructional materials that build on student ideas. The pieces framework views student knowledge as consisting of independent pieces that students assemble in fluctuating ways based on the context at hand. This perspective affords important insights about the reasons students think the way they do. We used the pieces framework to investigate student thinking about the concept transformations of energy and matter with a specific focus on metabolism. We conducted think-aloud interviews with undergraduate introductory biology and biochemistry students as they solved a metabolism problem set. Through knowledge analysis, we identified two categories of knowledge elements cued during metabolism problem solving: (1) those about the visual representation of negative feedback inhibition; and (2) those pertaining to student focus on different metabolic compounds in a pathway. Through resource graph analysis, we found that participants tend to use knowledge elements independently and in a fluctuating way. Participants generally showed low representational competence. We recommend further research using the pieces perspective, including research on improving representational competence. We suggest that metabolism instructors teach metabolism as a concept, not a collection of example pathways, and explicitly instruct students about the meaning of visual representations associated with metabolism.

Published
2022
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3. Combination Treatment with Verinurad and Allopurinol in CKD: A Randomized Placebo and Active Controlled Trial

Author

Heerspink, Hiddo J.L., Stack, Austin G., Terkeltaub, Robert, Jongs, Niels, Inker, Lesley A., Bjursell, Magnus, Maklad, Noha, Perl, Shira, Eklund, Olof, Rikte, Tord, Sjöström, C. David, Perkovic, Vlado, Chmelickova, Hana, Lukac, Martin, Bucek, Petr, Drasnar, Tomas, Dussol, Bertrand, Guerrot, Dominique, Legrand, Eric, Boffa, Jean-Jacques, Halimi, Jean-Michel, Zaoui, Philippe, Letoha, Annamaria, Hajdu, Csaba, Pall, Denes, Peterfai, Eva, Csécsei, Gyöngyi, Bezzegh, Katalin, Deak, Laszlo, Konyves, Laszlo, Zsom, Marianna, Danos, Peter, Vangel, Sandor, Vasas, Szilard, Oroszlan, Tamas, Zilahi, Zsolt, Leiba, Adi, Grossman, Alon, Leibowitz, Avshalom, Itzhak, Baruch, Daoud, Deeb, Farber, Evgeny, Adawi, Faiad, Nakhoul, Farid M., Chernin, Gil, Kenis, Irina, Wainstein, Julio, Zeller, Lior, Elias, Mazen, Atar, Shaul, Frajewicki, Victor, Yagil, Yoram, Armaly, Zaher A., Esposito, Ciro, Viazzi, Francesca, Gambaro, Giovanni, Piatti, Piermarco, Bonadonna, Riccardo C., Arias Delgadillo, Cristhian Ronaldt, Flores, Fernando Jimenez, Aguilera Real, Manuel Enrique, Fajardo-Campos, Pedro, Violante Ortiz, Rafael Margarito, Luna Ceballos, Rosa Isela, Duran-Barragan, Sergio, Zytkiewicz-Jaruga, Danuta, Krzyzagorska, Ewa, Skokowska, Ewa, Klodawska, Katarzyna, Mordaka, Robert, Mazur, Stanislaw, Stasinska, Teresa, Sulowicz, Wladyslaw, Constantin, Ciprian, Negru, Doru, Paveliu, Fraga-Silvia, Negrisanu, Gabriela Doina, Szilagyi, Iosif, Busegeanu, Mihaela Magdalena G., Pena, Mihai Cosmin, Avram, Rodica Ioana, Ardelean, Silvia Luminita, Ilavska, Adriana, Dzupina, Andrej, Oroszova, Aniko, Kolesarova, Eva, Obetkova, Ida, Smatanova, Iveta, Babikova, Jana, Fulop, Peter, Haffner, Radovan, Rayner, Brian L., Kruger, Dawid Stephanus, Urbach, Dorothea Vera, Mitha, Essack, Vally Mahomed Latiff, Gulam Hoosain, Makan, Hemant, du Plessis, Hermanus, Jurgens, Jaco Cornelius, Reddy, Jeevren, Trokis, Julien S., McHarry, Kirsten, Distiller, Lawrence Allen, Mayet, Leila, Burgess, Lesley Jean, Van Zyl, Louis Johan, Joshi, Mukesh P., Sebastian, Peter John, Du Toit, Samantha Maria, Blignaut, Suzanne C., Serrano, Antonio Galan, Morales, Cristobal, Poch, Esteban, Mosquera, Eva Marquez, Castro, Fernando Cereto, Gonzalez Martinez, Francisco Javier, Perez- Contreras, Francisco Javier, Fernandez-Fresnedo, Gema, Garcia Mendez, Isabel Fuencisla, Perez, Jonay Pantoja, Martinez, Jordi Calabia, Gorriz Teruel, Jose Luis, Nieto Iglesias, Luis Javier, Munoz-Torres, Manuel, Munar Vila, Maria Antonia, Arenas Jimenez, Maria Dolores, Dominguez-Lopez, Marta E., Val, Miguel Hueso, Terrades, Natalia Ramos, Olmo, Rafael Santamaria, Malek Marin, Tamara Gelen, Arif, Ahmed A., Lee, Benjamin J., Mehta, Bhasker R., Baker, Bruce H., Jere, Charles S., Bains, David G., Stricklin, David G., Cheung, Deanna, Echeverri, Diego, Vera, Edgard, Heurich, Eva-Maria, Sterba, Gary A., Hernandez, German T., Paez, Henry E., Acosta, Idalia A., Ahmed, Intekhab, Sachmechi, Issac, Madu, Ivy-Joan E., Obhrai, Jagdeep Singh, Hammoud, Jamal A., Tumlin, James A., Cain, James, Moya-Hechevarria, Jaynier, Connaire, Jeffrey J., Haggiagi, Jehad, Odren, Jennifer A., Bellucci-Jackson, Jennifer M., Yan, Jieshi, Parker, John C., Tolins, Jonathan P., Gomez-Cortes, Jose D., Cardona, Jose F., Mandry, Jose M., Olivero, Juan Jorge, Hendon, Kendra S., Kaveh, Kianoosh, Kooienga, Laura A., Bermudez, Lidia R., Rich, Lisa M., Gold, Marina, Gonzalez, Marisela, Schaefer, Matthew E., Welch, Michelle, Moustafa, Moustafa A., Mussaji, Murtaza, Pergola, Pablo E., Phaosawasdi, Piangwarin, Silva, Ricardo A., Presas, Ricardo, Lynn, Robert I., Kronfli, Saeed J., Ventrapragada, Sailaja V., Niranjan, Sankar N., Husain, Sayed, Satko, Scott, Jabbour, Serge A., Rovner, Sergio F., Gouge, Steven F., Joshi, Sudhir S., Ramachandran Subramanian, Varagur Bala, Lane, Wendy, Calhoun, Wesley, and Durham, William

Published
2024
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4. Poor accordance to a DASH dietary pattern is associated with higher risk of ESRD among adults with moderate chronic kidney disease and hypertension.

Author

Banerjee, Tanushree, Crews, Deidra C, Tuot, Delphine S, Pavkov, Meda E, Burrows, Nilka Rios, Stack, Austin G, Saran, Rajiv, Bragg-Gresham, Jennifer, Powe, Neil R, and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Chronic Kidney Disease Surveillance Team

Subjects
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Chronic Kidney Disease Surveillance Team, Humans, Kidney Failure, Chronic, Hypertension, Disease Progression, Glomerular Filtration Rate, Nutrition Surveys, Incidence, Risk Factors, Patient Compliance, Blood Pressure, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Middle Aged, Female, Male, Renal Insufficiency, Chronic, Dietary Approaches To Stop Hypertension, CKD, ESRD, diabetes, diet, Clinical Research, Kidney Disease, Cardiovascular, Prevention, Nutrition, Renal and urogenital, Clinical Sciences, Urology & Nephrology
Abstract

The Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet lowers blood pressure, an important risk factor for chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD). However, it is unclear whether adherence to a DASH diet confers protection against future ESRD, especially among those with pre-existing CKD and hypertension. We examined whether a DASH diet is associated with lower risk of ESRD among 1,110 adults aged ≥ 20 years with hypertension and CKD (estimated glomerular filtration rate, eGFR 30-59 ml/min/1.73 m2) enrolled in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1988-1994). Baseline DASH diet accordance score was assessed using a 24-hour dietary recall questionnaire. ESRD was ascertained by linkage to the U.S. Renal Data System registry. We used the Fine-Gray competing risks method to estimate the relative hazard (RH) for ESRD after adjusting for sociodemographics, clinical and nutritional factors, eGFR, and albuminuria. Over a median follow-up of 7.8 years, 18.4% of subjects developed ESRD. Compared to the highest quintile of DASH diet accordance, there was a greater risk of ESRD among subjects in quintiles 1 (RH=1.7; 95% CI 1.1-2.7) and 2 (RH 2.2; 95% CI 1.1-4.1). Significant interactions were observed with diabetes status and race/ethnicity, with the strongest association between DASH diet adherence and ESRD risk observed in individuals with diabetes and in non-Hispanic blacks. Low accordance to a DASH diet is associated with greater risk of ESRD in adults with moderate CKD and hypertension, particularly in non-Hispanic blacks and persons with diabetes.

Published
2019

11. Differential long‐term impact of primary glomerular diseases on major outcomes: All are not equal!

Author

Stack, Austin G.

Subjects
*KIDNEY glomerulus diseases, *NOSOLOGY, *MAJOR adverse cardiovascular events, *FOCAL segmental glomerulosclerosis, *KIDNEY failure
Abstract

The article in the Journal of Internal Medicine discusses the differential long-term impact of primary glomerular diseases on major outcomes, highlighting the need for precision in disease classification and treatment. The study by Faucon et al. analyzes the long-term outcomes of four common primary glomerular diseases, revealing significant variations in hospitalization, death, and kidney replacement therapy risks. The research emphasizes the importance of registry-based platforms in understanding the diverse outcomes of glomerular diseases and their treatments in real-world settings, contributing to the evolving landscape of nephrology and precision medicine. [Extracted from the article]

Published
2025
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13. Poor accordance to a DASH dietary pattern is associated with higher risk of ESRD among adults with moderate chronic kidney disease and hypertension

Author

Powe, Neil, Banerjee, Tanushree, Tuot, Delphine, Hsu, Chi-yuan, McCulloch, Charles, Crews, Deidra, Hsu, Raymond, Grubbs, Vanessa, Bibbins-Domingo, Kirsten, Shlipak, Michael, Peralta, Carmen, Rubinsky, Anna, Coresh, Josef, Saran, Rajiv, Shahinian, Vahakn, Gillespie, Brenda, Morgenstern, Hal, Heung, Michael, Herman, William, McClellan, William, Bragg-Gresham, Jennifer, Steffick, Diane, Tilea, Anca, Yin, Maggie, Robinson, Ian, Zivin, Kara, Kurtz, Vivian, Wyncott, April, Burrows, Nilka Ríos, Eberhardt, Mark, Geiss, Linda, Mondesire, Juanita, Moore, Bernice, Patel, Priti, Pavkov, Meda, Rolka, Deborah, Saydah, Sharon, Shrestha, Sundar, Waller, Larry, Crews, Deidra C., Tuot, Delphine S., Pavkov, Meda E., Burrows, Nilka Rios, Stack, Austin G., and Powe, Neil R.

Published
2019
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14. Atrasentan and renal events in patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease (SONAR): a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial

Author

Elbert, Alicia, Vallejos, Augusto, Alvarisqueta, Andres, Maffei, Laura, Juncos, Luis, de Arteaga, Javier, Greloni, Gustavo, Farias, Eduardo, Zucchini, Alfredo, Vogel, Daniel, Cusumano, Ana, Santos, Juan, Fraenkel, Margaret, Gallagher, Martin, Davis, Tim, Acharya, Shamasunder, Cooke, Duncan, Suranyi, Michael, Roger, Simon, Toussaint, Nigel, Pollock, Carol, Chan, Doris, Stranks, Stephen, MacIsaac, Richard, Endre, Zoltan, Schmidt, Alice, Prager, Rudolf, Mayer, Gert, Warling, Xavier, Jadoul, Michel, Hougardy, Jean, Vercammen, Chris, Van Vlem, Bruno, Gillard, Pieter, Costa e Forti, Adriana, Borges, Joao Lindolfo, Santos Canani, Luis, Eliaschewitz, Freddy, Leite, Silmara, Fraige Filho, Fadlo, Paschoalin, Raphael, Moura Neto, Jose Andrade, Deboni, Luciane, de Lourdes Noronha, Irene, Cercato, Cintia, Prompt, Carlos Alberto, Zanella, Maria, Rassi, Nelson, D'Avila, Domingos, Milagres, Rosangela, Felicio, Joao, Pecoits Filho, Roberto, Riella, Miguel Carlos, Salles, Joao, Keitel, Elizete, Draibe, Sergio, Amodeo, Celso, Youmbissi, Joseph, Roy, Louise, Cournoyer, Serge, Jolly, Shivinder, Pichette, Vincent, Nesrallah, Gihad, Bajaj, Harpreet Singh, Khandwala, Hasnain, Aronson, Ronnie, Goluch, Richard, Tam, Paul, Rabbat, Christian, Tobe, Sheldon, Bailey, Gordon, Chow, Stephen, Castillo, Alvaro, Danin Vargas, Alfredo, Gonzalez, Fernando, Munoz, Rodrigo, Gutierrez, Vicente, Godoy, Gonzalo, Zhao, Hongwen, Liu, Zhangsuo, Zhao, Minghui, Guo, Xiaohui, Su, Benli, Fu, Shuxia, Xu, Yan, Yang, Jinkui, Shi, Bingyin, Xiao, Guanqing, Shi, Wei, Hao, Chuanming, Xing, Changying, Hou, Fanfan, Luo, Qun, Li, Yuxiu, Ji, Linong, Zuo, Li, Wang, Song, Ni, Zhaohui, Ding, Guohua, Chen, Nan, Zhao, Jiajun, Jia, Weiping, Yu, Shengqiang, Weng, Jian, Xu, Gang, Fu, Ping, Sun, Shiren, Liu, Bicheng, Ding, Xiaoqiang, Rychlik, Ivan, Oplustilova, Alexandra, Bartaskova, Dagmar, Honova, Vaclava, Chmelickova, Hana, Petr, Martin, Bucek, Petr, Tesar, Vladimir, Zahumensky, Emil, Povlsen, Johan, Egstrup, Kenneth, Oczachowska-Kulik, Anna, Rossing, Peter, Lahtela, Jorma, Strand, Jorma, Kantola, Ilkka, Petit, Catherine, Combe, Christian, Zaoui, Philippe, Esnault, Vincent, Urena Torres, Pablo, Halimi, Jean-Michel, Dussol, Bertrand, Bieler, Tasso, Budde, Klemens, Dellanna, Frank, Segiet, Thomas, Kosch, Christine, Schmidt-Guertler, Hans, Schenkenberger, Isabelle, Vielhauer, Volker, Pistrosch, Frank, Alscher, Mark, Hasslacher, Christoph, Hugo, Christian, Muehlfeld, Anja, Wanner, Christoph, Passadakis, Ploumis, Apostolou, Theofanis, Tentolouris, Nikolaos, Stefanidis, Ioannis, Mavromatidis, Konstantinos, Liakopoulos, Vasilios, Goumenos, Dimitrios, Siamopoulos, Konstantinos, Yeung, Vincent, Ozaki, Risa, Fung, Samuel, Tan, Kathryn, Tang, Sydney, Lui, Sing Leung, Cheung, Siu Fai, Sreenan, Seamus, Eustace, Joseph, O'Shea, Donal, Lavin, Peter, Stack, Austin, Yagil, Yoram, Wainstein, Julio, Knobler, Hilla, Cohen, Josef, Kenis, Irina, Daoud, Deeb, Bar-Dayan, Yosefa, Frajewicki, Victor, Adawi, Faiad, Gesualdo, Loreto, Santoro, Domenico, Marino, Francesco, Galfre, Andrea, Brunati, Chiara, Ruggenenti, Piero, Rombola, Giuseppe, Pugliese, Giuseppe, Ravera, Maura, Malberti, Fabio, Pontoriero, Giuseppe, Rampino, Teresa, De Cosmo, Salvatore, Esposito, Ciro, Nappi, Felice, Abaterusso, Cataldo, Conte, Giuseppe, Panichi, Vincenzo, Lauro, Davide, Capasso, Giovambattista, Russo, Domenico, Anzai, Jiichi, Naka, Motoji, Ato, Keita, Tsujimoto, Tetsuro, Nimura, Toshinori, Nakashima, Eitaro, Takeda, Tetsuro, Fujii, Shinya, Kobayashi, Kunihisa, Iwaoka, Hideaki, Nagayama, Koji, Harada, Hiroyuki, Maeda, Hajime, Kishimoto, Rui, Iitsuka, Tadashi, Itabashi, Naoki, Furuya, Ryuichi, Maeda, Yoshitaka, Yamada, Daishiro, Sasaki, Nobuhiro, Sasaki, Hiromitsu, Ueda, Shinichiro, Kashihara, Naoki, Watanabe, Shuichi, Nakamura, Takehiro, Kanai, Hidetoshi, Makita, Yuichiro, Ono, Keiko, Iehara, Noriyuki, Goto, Daisuke, Kosuge, Keiichiro, Tsuchida, Kenichi, Sato, Toshiaki, Sekikawa, Takashi, Okamoto, Hideki, Tanaka, Tsuyoshi, Ikeda, Naoko, Tadika, Takenobu, Mukasa, Koji, Osonoi, Takeshi, Hirano, Fuminori, Nishimura, Motonobu, Yambe, Yuko, Tanaka, Yukio, Ujihara, Makoto, Sakai, Takashi, Imura, Mitsuo, Umayahara, Yutaka, Makino, Shinya, Nakazawa, Jun, Yamaguchi, Yukinari, Kashine, Susumu, Miyaoka, Hiroaki, Suzuki, Katsunori, Inoue, Toshihiko, Nagai, Sou, Sato, Nobuyuki, Yamamoto, Masahiro, Taya, Noriyasu, Fujita, Akira, Matsutani, Akira, Shibagaki, Yugo, Sato, Yuichi, Yamauchi, Akira, Tsutsui, Masahiro, Ishiko, Tamayo, Kaneko, Shizuka, Azuma, Nobuyuki, Matsuda, Hirofumi, Hashiguchi, Yasuhiro, Onishi, Yukiko, Tokui, Mikiya, Matsuhisa, Munehide, Kiyosue, Arihiro, Shinoda, Junji, Ishikawa, Kazuo, Ahmad, Ghazali, Vijayasingham, Shalini, Aziz, Nor Azizah, Hussein, Zanariah, Fung, Yin Khet, Hassan, Wan Hasnul Halimi Wan, Wong, Hin Seng, Goh, Bak Leong, Ali, Norhaliza Mohd, Merican, Nor Shaffinaz Yusuf Azmi, Vaithilingam, Indralingam, Nik Ahmad, Nik Nur Fatnoon, Adam, Noor, Sukor, Norlela, Vengadasalam, V Paranthaman P, Abdul Kadir, Khalid, Mohamed, Mafauzy, Renoirte Lopez, Karina, Leguizamo-Dimas, Aniceto, Chew Wong, Alfredo, Chevaile-Ramos, Jose, Gonzalez Gonzalez, Jose, Rico Hernandez, Raul, Nino-Cruz, Jose, Sauque Reyna, Leobardo, Gonzalez-Galvez, Guillermo, Madero Rovalo, Magdalena, Bochicchio-Ricardelli, Tomasso, Aldrete, Jorge, Carranza-Madrigal, Jaime, Vogt, Liffert, Smak Gregoor, Peter, Barendregt, JNM, Luik, Peter, Gansevoort, Ronald, Laverman, Gozewijn, Pilmore, Helen, Lunt, Helen, Baker, John, Miller, Steven, Rabindranath, Kannaiyan, Zapata-Rincon, Luis, Vargas-Gonzales, Rolando, Calderon Ticona, Jorge, Dextre Espinoza, Augusto, Burga Nunez, Jose, Zea-Nunez, Carlos Antonio, Herrada Orue, Benjamin, Medina-Santander, Boris, Delgado-Butron, Cesar, Farfan-Aspilcueta, Julio, Mazur, Stanislaw, Necki, Miroslaw, Wruk, Michal, Klodawska, Katarzyna, Popenda, Grazyna, Skokowska, Ewa, Arciszewska, Malgorzata, Wiecek, Andrzej, Ciechanowski, Kazimierz, Nowicki, Michal, Birne, Rita, Cabrita, Antonio, Ramos, Aura, Antunes Ferreira, Manuel Anibal, Matta Fontanet, Evelyn, Alcantara-Gonzalez, Altagracia Aurora, Comulada-Rivera, Angel, Galindo Ramos, Eugenia, Cangiano, Jose, Quesada-Suarez, Luis, Calderon Ortiz, Ricardo, Vazquez-Tanus, Jose, Burgos-Calderon, Rafael, Rosado, Carlos, Hancu, Nicolae, Pintilei, Ella, Mistodie, Cristina, Bako, Gabriel, Ionutiu, Lavinia, Petrica, Ligia, Timar, Romulus, Tuta, Liliana, Duma, Livia, Tutescu, Adriana, Ivanova, Svetlana, Essaian, Ashot, Zrazhevskiy, Konstantin, Tomilina, Natalia, Smolyarchuk, Elena, Kuzin, Anatoly, Lantseva, Olga, Karpova, Irina, Shamkhalova, Minara, Liberanskaya, Natalia, Yavdosyuk, Andrey, Shvarts, Yuri, Bardymova, Tatiana, Blagoveshchenskaya, Olga, Solovev, Oleg, Rechkova, Elena, Pikalova, Natalia, Pavlova, Maria, Kolmakova, Elena, Sayfutdinov, Rustam, Villevalde, Svetlana, Koziolova, Natalya, Martynenko, Vladimir, Marasaev, Vyacheslav, Maksudova, Adelya, Sigitova, Olga, Mordovin, Viktor, Klimontov, Vadim, Samoylova, Yulia, Karonova, Tatiana, Yeoh, Lee Ying, Teo, Boon Wee, Foo, Marjorie Wai Yin, Liew, Adrian, Tkac, Ivan, Oroszova, Aniko, Fekete, Jozef, Rosenberger, Jaroslav, Obetkova, Ida, Fulopova, Alla, Kolesarova, Eva, Raslova, Katarina, Smolko, Peter, Oksa, Adrian, Distiller, Larry, Trokis, Julien, Adams, Luthando, Makan, Hemant, Ramlachan, Padaruth, Mitha, Essack, Coetzee, Kathleen, Punt, Zelda, Bhorat, Qasim, Naiker, Puvenesvari, Ellis, Graham, Van Zyl, Louis, Lee, Kwan Woo, Kim, Min Seon, Yoo, Soon-Jib, Yoon, Kun Ho, Cho, Yong-Wook, Park, Tae-Sun, Kim, Sang Yong, Choi, Moon-Gi, Oh, Tae Keun, Lee, Kang-Wook, Shon, Ho Sang, Suh, Sung Hwan, Kim, Byung-Joon, Doo-Man, Kim, Yi, Joo Hark, Lee, Sang Ah, Cho, Ho Chan, Kim, Sin-Gon, Cha, Dae-Ryong, Seo, Ji A, Choi, Kyung Mook, Woo, Jeong-Taek, Ahn, Kyu Jeung, Lee, Jae Hyuk, Kim, In-Joo, Lee, Moon-Kyu, Jang, Hak Chul, Park, Kyong-Soo, Kim, Beom Seok, Mok, Ji Oh, Shin, Mijung, Yoon, Sun Ae, Nam-Goong, Il-Seong, Chung, Choon Hee, Yu, Tae Yang, Lee, Hyoung Woo, Soto Gonzalez, Alfonso, Almirall, Jaume, Egido, Jesus, Calero Gonzalez, Francesca, Fernandez Fresnedo, Gema, Valera Cortes, Ildefonso, Praga Terente, Manuel, Garcia Mendez, Isabel, Navarro Gonzalez, Juan, Herrero Calvo, Jose, Cigarran Guldris, Secundino, Prieto Velasco, Mario, Minguela Pesquera, Jose Ignacio, Galan, Antonio, Pascual, Julio, Marques Vidas, Maria, Martins Munoz, Judith, Rodriguez-Perez, Jose, Castro-Alonso, Cristina, Bonet Sol, Josep, Seron, Daniel, Fernandez Giraldez, Elvira, Arrieta Lezama, Javier, Montero, Nuria, Hernandez-Jaras, Julio, Santamaria Olmo, Rafael, Molas Coten, Jose Ramon, Hellberg, Olof, Fellstrom, Bengt, Bock, Andreas, Pei, Dee, Lin, Ching-Ling, Tien, Kai-Jen, Chen, Ching-Chu, Huang, Chien-Ning, Jiang, Ju-Ying, Wu, Du-An, Chu, Chih-Hsun, Tseng, Shih-Ting, Chen, Jung-Fu, Bau, Cho-Tsan, Sheu, Wayne, Wu, Mai-Szu, Sari, Ramazan, Sezer, Siren, Yildiz, Alaattin, Satman, Ilhan, Kalender, Betul, Mankovskyy, Borys, Fushtey, Ivan, Stanislavchuk, Mykola, Kolenyk, Mykola, Dudar, Iryna, Zolotaikina, Viktoriia, Abrahamovych, Orest, Kostynenko, Tetyana, Petrosyan, Olena, Kuskalo, Petro, Galushchak, Olga, Legun, Oleg, Topchii, Ivan, Martynyuk, Liliya, Stryzhak, Vasyl, Panina, Svitlana, Tkach, Sergii, Korpachev, Vadym, Maxwell, Peter, Gnudi, Luigi, Kon, Sui Phin, Tindall, Hilary, Kalra, Phillip, Mark, Patrick, Patel, Dipesh, El-Shahawy, Mohamed, Bai, Liqun, Nica, Romanita, Lien, Yeong-Hau, Menefee, Judson, Busch, Robert, Miller, Alan, Ahmed, Azazuddin, Arif, Ahmed, Lee, Joseph, Desai, Sachin, Bansal, Shweta, Bentsianov, Marie, Belledonne, Mario, Jere, Charles, Gaona, Raul, Greenwood, Gregory, Brusco, Osvaldo, Boiskin, Mark, Belo, Diogo, Minasian, Raffi, Atray, Naveen, Lawrence, Mary, Taliercio, John, Pergola, Pablo, Scott, David, Alvarez, German, Marder, Bradley, Powell, Thomas, Bakdash, Wa'el, Stoica, George, McFadden, Christopher, Rendell, Marc, Wise, Jonathan, Jones, Audrey, Jardula, Michael, Madu, Ivy-Joan, Varghese, Freemu, Tulloch, Brian, Ahmed, Ziauddin, Hames, Melanie, Nazeer, Imran, Shahid, Newman, John, Rekha, Montero, Manuel, Fitz-Patrick, David, Phillips, Lawrence, Guasch, Antonio, Christofides, Elena, Gundroo, Aijaz, Amin, Mohammad, Bowman-Stroud, Cynthia, Link, Michael, Mulloy, Laura, Nammour, Michael, Lalwani, Tarik, Hanson, Lenita, Whaley-Connell, Adam, Herman, Lee, Chatha, Rupi, Osama, Sayed, Liss, Kenneth, Kayali, Zeid, Bhargava, Anuj, Israel, Ezra, Peguero-Rivera, Alfredo, Fang, Michael, Slover, Judith, Barengolts, Elena, Flores, Jose, Muoneke, Rosemary, Savin, Virginia, Awua-Larbi, Stella, Levine, Andrew, Newman, George, Golestaneh, Laden, Bohm, Guillermo, Reisin, Efrain, Cruz, Lucita, Weiss, Robert, Zieve, Franklin, Horwitz, Edward, Chuang, Peale, Mersey, James, Manley, John, Graf, Ronald, Bedros, Fadi, Joshi, Sudhir, Frias, Juan, Assefi, Ali, O'Shaughnessy, Andrew, Brantley, Roman, Minga, Todd, Tietjen, David, Kantor, Samuel, Jamal, Aamir, Guadiz, Ramon, Hershon, Kenneth, Bressler, Peter, Kopyt, Nelson, Cathcart, Harold, Bloom, Scott, Reichel, Ronald, Nakhle, Samer, Dulude, Emily, Tarkan, Joshua, Baker, Penelope, Zeig, Steven, Moya Hechevarria, Jaynier, Ropero-Cartier, Armando, De la Calle, Gilda, Doshi, Ankur, Saba, Fadi, Sligh, Teresa, Shaw, Sylvia, Kumar, Jayant, Szerlip, Harold, Bayliss, George, Perlman, Alan, Sakhrani, Lakhi, Gouge, Steven, Argoud, Georges, Acosta, Idalia, Elder, John, Joshi, Sucharit, Sensenbrenner, John, Vicks, Steven, Mangoo-Karim, Roberto, Galphin, Claude, Leon-Forero, Carlos, Gilbert, John, Brown, Eric, Ijaz, Adeel, Butt, Salman, Markell, Mariana, Arauz-Pacheco, Carlos, Sloan, Lance, Alvarado, Odilon, Jabbour, Serge, Simon, Eric, Rastogi, Anjay, James, Sam, Bakris, George, Hall, Karen, Melish, John, Dixon, Brad, Adolphe, Allen, Kovesdy, Csaba, Beddhu, Srinivasan, Solomon, Richard, Fernando, Ronald, Levin, Ellis, Thakar, Charuhas, Robey, Brooks, Goldfarb, David, Fried, Linda, Maddukuri, Geetha, Thomson, Stephen, Annand, Andrew, Kronfli, Saeed, Kalirao, Paramjit, Schmidt, Rebecca, Dahl, Neera, Blumenthal, Samuel, Weinstein, Debra, Ostergaard, Ove, Weinstein, Talia, Ono, Yasuhiro, Yalcin, Murat, Karim, Shahana, Heerspink, Hiddo J L, Parving, Hans-Henrik, Andress, Dennis L, Correa-Rotter, Ricardo, Hou, Fan-Fan, Kitzman, Dalane W, Kohan, Donald, Makino, Hirofumi, McMurray, John J V, Melnick, Joel Z, Miller, Michael G, Pergola, Pablo E, Perkovic, Vlado, Yi, Tingting, Wigderson, Melissa, and de Zeeuw, Dick

Published
2019
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15. Prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension in community-dwelling older adults with chronic kidney disease: the Irish longitudinal study on ageing.

Author

Browne, Leonard D, Alamin, Mohammed Y, Miri, Hamid H, Hall, Robert, Tandan, Meera, Sexton, Donal, and Stack, Austin G

Subjects
DIASTOLIC blood pressure, SYSTOLIC blood pressure, ANTIHYPERTENSIVE agents, BLOOD pressure, CHRONIC kidney failure
Abstract

Background Hypertension is highly prevalent in chronic kidney disease (CKD), posing a significant but modifiable risk for adverse clinical outcomes. This study explored the prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension in older Irish adults with CKD. Methods Data were analysed from participants in Wave 1 of The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA) who were aged 50 years and older. CKD was defined as eGFR <60 ml/min/1.72 m2, hypertension defined as systolic blood pressure (SBP) ≥140 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) ≥90 mmHg and/or self-reported use of antihypertensive medication. Participant awareness and treatment of hypertension was based on self-report and SBP/DBP <140/90 mmHg. Multivariable logistic regression examined relationships with awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension expressed as adjusted odds ratios. Results Prevalence of hypertension was significantly higher in participants with CKD than without (81.9% vs 59.7%, P < .001). Among hypertensive individuals, 70.1% (95% CI: 65.8–74.1) were aware, 83.5% (95% CI 80.0–86.6) were on treatment, yet blood pressure control <140/90 mmHg and SBP <120 mmHg were achieved in only 49.3% (CI 44.0–54.7%) and 17.9% (CI 14.4–22.1), respectively. In multivariable analysis, advancing age 1.05 (CI 1.01–1.10), obesity 6.23 (CI 2.51–15.5), diabetes 5.78 (CI 1.55–21.5), and cardiovascular disease 9.89 (CI 3.27–29.9) were associated with higher odds of treatment, while cardiovascular disease 2.35 (CI 1.39–3.99) and combination antihypertensive therapy 1.76 (CI 1.03–3.01) were associated with blood pressure control. Conclusion The prevalence of hypertension is substantial in older Irish adults with CKD; however, control is poor. Approximately, one-third of participants were unaware of their hypertensive status and approximately one-fifth were untreated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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16. Prevalence of anaemia, iron, and vitamin deficiencies in the health system in the Republic of Ireland: a retrospective cohort study.

Author

Clancy, Conor Cian, Browne, Leonard D., Gilligan, Robert, Blake, Ophelia, and Stack, Austin G.

Subjects
DIAGNOSIS of deficiency diseases, ANEMIA, IRON deficiency anemia, IRON, IRON in the body, RESEARCH funding, TRANSFERRIN, FERRITIN, VITAMIN B12 deficiency, KRUSKAL-Wallis Test, FISHER exact test, LOGISTIC regression analysis, SEX distribution, FOLIC acid, RETROSPECTIVE studies, DESCRIPTIVE statistics, CHI-squared test, MULTIVARIATE analysis, AGE distribution, SEVERITY of illness index, LONGITUDINAL method, ODDS ratio, MEDICAL records, ACQUISITION of data, MEDICAL screening, FOLIC acid deficiency, CONFIDENCE intervals, DATA analysis software, KIDNEY diseases, VITAMIN deficiency, GLOMERULAR filtration rate, DISEASE risk factors
Abstract

Background: Anaemia is a common but treatable condition that predicts adverse clinical outcomes. However, standards of anaemia management vary considerably. Aim: To estimate the prevalence of anaemia and extent of screening for common underlying causes in the healthcare system in the Republic of Ireland. Design & setting: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 112 181 adult patients, aged ≥18 years, who had a full blood count performed in 2013, using data from the National Kidney Disease Surveillance System. Method: The prevalence of anaemia was determined across demographic and clinical subgroups, according to World Health Organization (WHO) definitions. The proportion screened for iron, vitamin B12, and folate deficiency was determined within a 3-month follow-up period and the corresponding prevalence for each deficiency determined. Results: The overall prevalence of anaemia was 12.0% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 11.8% to 12.2%) and was higher in women than men (13.2% versus 10.5%, P<0.001). Anaemia increased with advancing age (33.4% for those aged >75 years) and worsening kidney function (8.2%, 10.9%, 33.2%, and 63.8% for each estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR] categories >90, 60–89, 30–59 and <30 ml/min/1.73 m², respectively, P<0.001). After 3-months' follow-up, the proportion screened for iron deficiency was 11.2% based on transferrin saturation and 33.7% using serum ferritin. Screening for folate and B12 deficiency was 17.6% and 19.8%, respectively. Among screened patients, the prevalence of iron deficiency, B12, and folate deficiency was 37.0%, 6.3%, and 5.8%, respectively. Conclusion: The burden of anaemia in the healthcare system is substantial especially for older patients and those with advanced kidney disease. Low screening rates for iron, B12, and folate deficiency are common and warrant quality improvement initiatives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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24. Ferric Carboxymaltose in Iron-Deficient Patients with Hospitalized Heart Failure and Reduced Kidney Function

Author

Macdougall, Iain C, Ponikowski, Piotr, Stack, Austin G, Wheeler, David C, Anker, Stefan D; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0805-8683, Butler, Javed, Filippatos, Gerasimos; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5640-0332, Göhring, Udo-Michael, Kirwan, Bridget-Anne, Kumpeson, Vasuki, Metra, Marco; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6691-8568, Rosano, Giuseppe; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6868-4248, Ruschitzka, Frank; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5972-0596, van der Meer, Peter, Wächter, Sandra; https://orcid.org/0009-0007-3338-6607, Jankowska, Ewa A; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9202-432X, Macdougall, Iain C, Ponikowski, Piotr, Stack, Austin G, Wheeler, David C, Anker, Stefan D; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0805-8683, Butler, Javed, Filippatos, Gerasimos; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5640-0332, Göhring, Udo-Michael, Kirwan, Bridget-Anne, Kumpeson, Vasuki, Metra, Marco; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6691-8568, Rosano, Giuseppe; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6868-4248, Ruschitzka, Frank; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5972-0596, van der Meer, Peter, Wächter, Sandra; https://orcid.org/0009-0007-3338-6607, and Jankowska, Ewa A; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9202-432X

Abstract

BACKGROUND Reduced kidney function is common among patients with heart failure. In patients with heart failure and/or kidney disease, iron deficiency is an independent predictor of adverse outcomes. In the AFFIRM-AHF trial, patients with acute heart failure with iron deficiency treated with intravenous ferric carboxymaltose demonstrated reduced risk of heart failure hospitalization, with improved quality of life. We aimed to further characterize the impact of ferric carboxymaltose among patients with coexisting kidney impairment. METHODS The double-blind, placebo-controlled AFFIRM-AHF trial randomized 1132 stabilized adults with acute heart failure (left ventricular ejection fraction <50%) and iron deficiency. Patients on dialysis were excluded. The primary end point was a composite of total heart failure hospitalizations and cardiovascular death during the 52-week follow-up period. Additional end points included cardiovascular hospitalizations, total heart failure hospitalizations, and days lost to heart failure hospitalizations or cardiovascular death. For this subgroup analysis, patients were stratified according to baseline eGFR. RESULTS Overall, 60% of patients had an eGFR <60 ml/min per 1.73 m 2 (the lower eGFR subgroup). These patients were significantly older, more likely to be female and to have ischemic heart failure, and had higher baseline serum phosphate levels and higher rates of anemia. For all end points, event rates were higher in the lower eGFR group. In the lower eGFR group, the annualized event rates for the primary composite outcome were 68.96 and 86.30 per 100 patient-years in the ferric carboxymaltose and placebo arms, respectively (rate ratio, 0.76; 95% confidence interval, 0.54 to 1.06). The treatment effect was similar in the higher eGFR subgroup (rate ratio, 0.65; 95% confidence interval, 0.42 to 1.02; Pinteraction = 0.60). A similar pattern was observed for all end points ( Pinteraction > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS In a cohort of patients with ac

Published
2023

39. DOL issues guidance on missing participants in terminated plans.

Author

Stack, Austin K.

Subjects
Pension fund termination -- Standards, Fiduciary duties -- Laws, regulations and rules, Defined contribution plans -- Laws, regulations and rules -- Distribution, United States. Department of Labor -- Powers and duties -- Standards, Government regulation, Company distribution practices
Abstract

The Department of Labor (DOL) Field Assistance Bulletin (FAB) 201401 provides guidance on: * How fiduciaries should go about searching for missing participants or beneficiaries in terminated defined contribution plans; [...], The Department of Labor recently released Field Assistance Bulletin 2014-01, which provides guidance on (1) how fiduciaries should go about searching for missing-participants or beneficiaries in terminated defined contribution plans, and (2) how to distribute the account balances of missing participants properly so that the assets are no longer plan assets and the missing individual is no longer a participant under the plan. The author of this article explains the guidance.

Published
2015

44. Rationale, design, demographics and baseline characteristics of the randomized, controlled, Phase 2b SAPPHIRE study of verinurad plus allopurinol in patients with chronic kidney disease and hyperuricaemia

Author

Heerspink, Hiddo J L, primary, Stack, Austin G, additional, Terkeltaub, Robert, additional, Greene, Tom A, additional, Inker, Lesley A, additional, Bjursell, Magnus, additional, Perl, Shira, additional, Rikte, Tord, additional, Erlandsson, Fredrik, additional, and Perkovic, Vlado, additional

Published
2021
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46. Republic of Ireland

Author

De Valera, Éamon, 1882-1975, Plunkett, George Noble, Count, 1851-1948, Gonne, Maud, 1866-1953, MacSwiney, Mary, 1872-1942, Childers, Erskine, 1870-1922, Ginnell, Laurence, 1854-1923, Mellows, Liam, 1892-1922, and Stack, Austin, 1879-1929

Subjects
History, Republicanism, Politics and government, Ireland, Underground press publications
Abstract

This volume contains Poblacht na hEireann/Republic of Ireland, Scottish edition which is a weekly anti-treaty newspaper. It covers the period September 1922 - January 1923. Each issue has 8 pages., Poblacht na hEireann / Republic of Ireland, Scottish edition: September 16th 1922 -- September 23rd 1922 -- September 30th 1922 -- October 7th 1922 -- October 14th 1922 -- October 21st 1922 -- October 28th 1922 -- November 4th 1922 -- November 11th 1922 -- November 18th 1922 -- November 25th 1922 -- December 2nd 1922 -- December 9th 1922 -- December 16th 1922 -- December 23rd 1922 -- December 31st 1922 -- January 6th 1923 -- January 13th 1923, Rights note: The items contained in this volume have mixed rights status. The Rights Statement applied to this volume is based on the items with the most restrictive status. Please contact us if you require details of the rights status for an individual item in this volume.

Published
2020
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47. P0818IMPROVING MORTALITY TRENDS FOR PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE IN THE IRISH HEALTH SYSTEM: THE IRISH KIDNEY DISEASE SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM (IKDSS)

Author

Stack Austin, Matthew Laird, Raihan Alheyali, Leonard D. Browne, Cathal Walsh, and Liam Plant

Subjects
Transplantation, medicine.medical_specialty, Irish, Nephrology, business.industry, language, Medicine, business, Mortality trends, Intensive care medicine, medicine.disease, language.human_language, Kidney disease
Abstract

Background and Aims It is unclear whether targeted efforts for the treatment of chronic kidney disease (CKD) has led to a sustained reduction in mortality rates. We examined annual trends in mortality for patients with and without CKD in the Irish health system. Method We utilised data from the Irish Kidney Disease Surveillance System (IKDSS) to explore 1-year mortality rates among patients with and without CKD in the health system. The principal data sources included; regional laboratory information systems; dialysis registers; and mortality data files from the national Central Statistics Office (CSO). We created multi-annual cohorts of patients, age > 18 years with one or more serum creatinine values who received healthcare within the Irish health system from 2008 to 2012. Serum creatinine values (first test in fiscal year) were used to calculate glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and CKD was defined as GFR < 60ml/min/1.73m. Mortality data were available from the national mortality files with vital status up to December 31st 2013. Age standardised death rates were determined for the Irish population (IRE) and the European Standard Population (ESP) (standardised to the age distribution of a standard European population in 2012. Comparisons were conducted using segmented linear regression. Results We included 351,223 adult individuals between 2008 and 2012. Age standardised mortality rates (EU) were more than 2-fold higher for patients with CKD than without, P Conclusion Mortality rates among CKD patients have declined in the Irish population from 2008 to 2012 in both men and women. The processes and interventions that have led to these reductions need further exploration. Figure 1. (a) Crude and age standardised mortality rates (b-c) of those with and without CKD in the Irish Health System between 2008-2012 .

Published
2020
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48. P0800PROFILING HYPOKALAEMIC AND HYPERKALAEMIC STATES IN THE IRISH HEALTH SYSTEM: TESTING RATES, INCIDENCE AND DETERMINANTS

Author

Stack Austin and Leonard D. Browne

Subjects
Transplantation, Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, Hyperkalemia, ELECTROLYTE ABNORMALITY, business.industry, Incidence (epidemiology), Treatment outcome, Renal function, language.human_language, Hypokalemia, Irish, Nephrology, language, medicine, medicine.symptom, business
Abstract

Background and Aims Hypo- and hyperkalaemia are potentially life-threatening electrolyte abnormalities often associated with severe adverse clinical outcomes. Real-world incidence and determinants of hypo- and hyperkalaemia in clinical settings are poorly characterised. We studied incidence and determinants of these abnormalities in the Irish healthcare system Method Data from the Irish National Kidney Disease Surveillance and Quality Assurance Programme were used to construct a retrospective observational study. We identified all adult individuals (age > 18 years) who accessed health care from 2006 and 2010 in a regional health system (n = 205,334). Cumulative incidence of hypokalaemia (K+ < 3.5 mmol/L), hyperkalaemia (K+> 5 mmol/L), and moderate/severe hyperkalaemia (K+> 5.5 mmol/L) was estimated over a 3-year period. Kidney function was assessed by estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Multinomial logistic regression explored associations of baseline patient characteristics with dyskalaemia states. Results Of 205,334 participants, 85.2% had 1–2 potassium tests, 5.8% had 2–3 tests, 2.7% had 3-4 tests and the remaining 6.4% had > 4 potassium tests/year. Hypokalaemia occurred in 17,145 (8.35%) individuals, of these 43.8% had recurrent hypokalaemia (>1 event). Hyperkalaemia occurred in 44,283 (21.6%) individuals, with 29.7% recurrence. Moderate/severe hyperkalaemia occurred in 9,672 (4.71%) with 18.0% recurrence. The frequency of potassium testing was an important determinant of dyskalaemia risk. In adjusted analyses, advancing age profile, women, inpatients, outpatients and emergency department patients (vs general practice), and frequency of tests had significantly higher risks of hypokalaemia. Additionally, advancing age, men, poorer kidney function, and frequency of potassium testing, and general practice were associated with significantly higher risk of hyperkalaemia. Conclusion Both hypo- and hyperkalaemic states are common in the Irish healthcare system with high rates of recurrence. Surveillance strategies should be put in place to allow timely detection and treatment of potassium disturbances in these high-risk groups.

Published
2020
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49. SO081LITHIUM EXPOSURE AND OCCURENCE OF CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE IN THE IRISH HEALTH SYSTEM: A COHORT STUDY

Author

Mark Behan, Stack Austin, and Leonard D. Browne

Subjects
Transplantation, medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, medicine.disease, language.human_language, System a, Irish, Nephrology, Internal medicine, language, medicine, business, Cohort study, Kidney disease
Abstract

Background and Aims Lithium is implicated as a causative factor in the development and progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Few studies have assessed the independent impact of plasma levels and duration of lithium therapy on CKD progression. We examined the influence of lithium on CKD progression in the Irish health system. Method We utilised data from the Irish Kidney Disease Surveillance System (IKDSS) to explore associations of lithium levels and duration of exposure with kidney function in a regional cohort. A retrospective cohort study was conducted between 1999 to 2014 from the Midwest Region. All adult patients with lithium levels were identified and followed longitudinally. Kidney function was assessed at baseline and longitudinally using serum creatinine and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was calculated using the CKD-EPI. Patients with < 2 lithium values, missing data on creatinine were excluded. The index date was the date of the first lithium blood test. Toxicity from lithium was defined as levels >1.2mmol/L as per NICE guidelines while duration of treatment was calculated based on patient –years of exposure as determined by positive blood lithium levels. Relationships between baseline kidney function, lithium levels, duration of exposure and each patients most recent eGFR value on follow up were assessed using multiple linear regression Results We identified 1,978 patients exposed to lithium from 1999-2014, mean age was 47.4 (15.6), 45.1% were men, eGFR [median (IQR)] at baseline was 84.4 (32.1) ml/min1.73m and the median duration of exposure was 3.0 years (IQR=4 years). Frequency of lithium testing increased from 1.77 in 1999 to 2.66 in 2014. In multiple linear regression, the final eGFR on follow-up was significantly lower in older patients (-0.48 ml/min/1.73m per year increase in age), P Conclusion Both the magnitude of and the duration of lithium exposure are both independently associated with CKD progression among lithium users in the Irish health system. Higher baseline lithium values had a more deleterious impact on kidney function. Continued efforts should be expended in minimising the risks of lithium induced nephrotoxicity through switching to alternatives and dose reduction when over possible. Funding This study is funded by the Health Research Board and the Midwest Research and Education Foundation (MKid).

Published
2020
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