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Sample entropy (SampEn) is a widely used measure for estimating the regularity of center-of-pressure (COP) trajectories, with high COP regularity (low SampEn) commonly interpreted as ineffective postural control. The current study aimed to investigate one possible source of COP regularity—agonist–antagonist coactivation—resulting in joint stiffness or action stability. A cross-correlation analysis was conducted to determine the similarity (coactivation) level of 5 pairs of lower limb agonist–antagonist electromyographic signals. SampEn was applied to anteroposterior (ap) and mediolateral (ml) COP displacements. Electromyographic and COP signals were simultaneously derived from 25 active young adults (25.6 ± 4.0 years) during unipedal balancing on stable and multiaxial-unstable surfaces. Then, the correlation between individual agonist–antagonist cross-correlation coefficients and SampEn-COP was explored. The results show that only the tibialis anterior–peroneus longus (TA–PL) coactivations are negatively correlated with SampEn-COPap/ml (P ≤.030) in both surface conditions, with greater TA–PL coactivation appearing with lower SampEn-COPap/ml. In addition, sex effects as one factor that might influence postural control were also tested. Women exhibited greater TA–PL coactivation (P =.017) and lower SampEn-COPap (P =.005) than men. Together, TA–PL coactivation could be one possible origin of COP regularity, but its effects might be detrimental to unipedal postural control, especially for women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Premature life exposure, meaning an immature central nervous system, presents a significant challenge for the development of postural control and, in turn, overall motor development. Preventing motor delay thus requires identifying, characterizing, and quantifying deficit in postural control as early as possible. In our study, we reviewed the procedures used in past studies to assess postural control among individuals born preterm, specifically the characterization of participants, the instruments and motor tasks involved, the types of data collected and analyzed, and the outcomes. To that end, we performed a literature search on PubMed, Wiley Online Library, Web of Science, and Scopus using Boolean logic and assessed the quality of the studies with a standardized assessment based on the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology guidelines and the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. Of 35 potential studies, 24 were included; all evaluated infants born preterm, but six did not include a control group of full-term infants. Although the heterogeneity of measurements, variability of instruments, and divergence in motor tasks examined limit definitive conclusions based on quantitative synthesis and the generalization of the results, most studies revealed dysfunctional postural control among individuals born preterm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To investigate how well an implant stability quotient (ISQ) represents resonance frequency. Materials and Methods: Benchtop experiments on standardized samples that replicated a mandibular premolar site were conducted to correlate an ISQ value and a resonance frequency to synthetic bone density and an incremental insertion torque; then, a frequency spectrum analysis was performed to check the validity of the resonance frequency analysis (RFA). Brånemark Mk III implants (4 × 11.5 mm; Nobel Biocare) were placed in Sawbones test models of five different densities (40, 30, 40/20, 20, and 15 PCF). An incremental insertion torque was recorded during implant placement. To perform stability measurements, the test models were partially clamped in a vise (unclamped volume: 10 × 20 × 34 mm). A MulTipeg (Integration Diagnostics) was attached to the implants, and a Penguin (Integration Diagnostics) RFA measured ISQ. Simultaneously, the MulTipeg motion was monitored via a laser Doppler vibrometer and processed by a spectrum analyzer to obtain the resonance frequency. Tightness of the clamp was adjusted to vary the resonance frequency. A statistical analysis produced a linear correlation coefficient (R) among the measured ISQ, resonance frequency, and incremental insertion torque. Results: The resonance frequency had high correlation to the incremental insertion torque (R = 0.978), confirming the validity of using RFA for this study. Measured ISQ data were scattered and had low correlation to the resonance frequency (R = 0.214) and the incremental insertion torque (R = 0.386). The spectrum analysis revealed the simultaneous presence of multiple resonance frequencies. Conclusions: For the designed benchtop tests, resonance frequency does indicate implant stability in view of Sawbones density and incremental insertion torque. However, ISQ measurements do not correlate to the resonance frequency and may not reflect the stability when multiple resonance frequencies are present simultaneously. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multiple sclerosis is a neurodegenerative disease that causes balance deficits, even in early stages. Evidence suggests that people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) rely more on vision to maintain balance, and challenging balance with optical flow perturbations may be a practical screening for balance deficits. Whether these perturbations affect standing balance in PwMS is unknown. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine how optical flow perturbations affect standing balance in PwMS. We hypothesized that perturbations would cause higher variability in PwMS compared with matched controls during standing and that standing balance would be more susceptible to anterior–posterior (A–P) perturbations than medial–lateral (M–L) perturbations. Thirteen PwMS and 13 controls stood under 3 conditions: unperturbed, M–L perturbation, and A–P perturbations. A–P perturbations caused significantly higher A–P trunk sway variability in PwMS than controls, although both groups had similar center-of-pressure variability. Both perturbations increased variability in A–P trunk sway and center of pressure. Trunk variability data supported the hypothesis that PwMS were more susceptible to optical flow perturbations than controls. However, the hypothesis that A–P perturbations would affect balance more than M–L perturbations was partially supported. These results suggest potential for optical flow perturbations to identify balance deficits in PwMS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The knee joint faces daily stresses that cause its overall health to degrade and pathologies to develop. I hypothesized that increased stress on the knee joint and imbalance in thigh musculature would positively correlate with increased acoustic emissions from the knee joint, a biomarker of inflammation in the joint. We tested this hypothesis by selecting a cohort of healthy, moderately active individuals aged 18-32 across a range of BMIs. We collected baseline knee acoustic measurements and measured quadricep and hamstring flexibility, hamstring and quadricep maximum voluntary isometric contraction, and heel strike angle during self-selected walking gait. Heel strike angle does not correlate with increased acoustic emissions from the knee, but BMI negatively correlates with the hamstrings:quadriceps strength ratio. Furthermore, left hamstring flexibility positively correlates with left heel strike angle. Finally, we found that right quadricep flexibility had a positive correlation with right heel strike angle. Since the hamstrings:quadriceps strength ratio is an important biomarker for knee health, this finding may indicate evidence of progressing knee pathology in individuals with higher BMI. Changes in gait associated with muscle rigidity indicate that differential levels of upper leg muscle flexibility may translate to changes in the mechanics of everyday movements, such as walking.

This work introduces a simplified deposition procedure for multidimensional (2D/3D) perovskite thin films, integrating a phenethylammonium chloride (PEACl)-treatment into the antisolvent step when forming the 3D perovskite. This simultaneous deposition and passivation strategy reduces the number of synthesis steps while simultaneously stabilizing the halide perovskite film and improving the photovoltaic performance of resulting solar cell devices to 20.8%. Using a combination of multimodal in situ and additional ex situ characterizations, it is demonstrated that the introduction of PEACl during the perovskite film formation slows down the crystal growth process, which leads to a larger average grain size and narrower grain size distribution, thus reducing carrier recombination at grain boundaries and improving the device's performance and stability. The data suggests that during annealing of the wet film, the PEACl diffuses to the surface of the film, forming hydrophobic (quasi-)2D structures that protect the bulk of the perovskite film from humidity-induced degradation.

Metal halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are infamous for their batch-to-batch and lab-to-lab irreproducibility in terms of stability and performance. Reproducible fabrication of PSCs is a critical requirement for market viability and practical commercialization. PSC irreproducibility plagues all levels of the community; from institutional research laboratories, start-up companies, to large established corporations. In this work, the critical function of atmospheric humidity to regulate the crystallization and stabilization of formamidinium lead triiodide (FAPbI3) perovskites is unraveled. It is demonstrated that the humidity content during processing induces profound variations in perovskite stoichiometry, thermodynamic stability, and optoelectronic quality. Almost counterintuitively, it is shown that the presence of humidity is perhaps indispensable to reproduce phase-stable and efficient FAPbI3-based PSCs.

Despite being one of the oldest data structures in computer science, hash tables continue to be the focus of a great deal of both theoretical and empirical research. A central reason for this is that many of the fundamental properties that one desires from a hash table are difficult to achieve simultaneously; thus many variants offering different trade-offs have been proposed. This article introduces Iceberg hashing, a hash table that simultaneously offers the strongest known guarantees on a large number of core properties. Iceberg hashing supports constant-time operationswhile improving on the state of the art for space efficiency, cache efficiency, and low failure probability. Iceberg hashing is also the first hash table to support a load factor of up to 1-o(1) while being stable, meaning that the positionwhere an element is stored only ever changes when resizes occur. In fact, in the setting where keys are T(logn) bits, the space guarantees that Iceberg hashing offers, namely that it uses at most log x |U | n x +O(n log logn) bits to store n items froma universeU, matches a lower bound by Demaine et al. that applies to any stable hash table. Iceberg hashing introduces new general-purpose techniques for some of the most basic aspects of hashtable design. Notably, our indirection-free technique for dynamic resizing, which we call waterfall addressing, and our techniques for achieving stability and very-high probability guarantees, can be applied to any hash table that makes use of the front-yard/backyard paradigm for hash table design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While shifts in gut microbiota have been studied in diseased states, the temporal variability of the microbiome in cats has not been widely studied. This study investigated the temporal variability of the feline dysbiosis index (DI) and the abundance of core bacterial groups in healthy adult cats. The secondary aim was to evaluate the relationship between the fecal abundance of Clostridium hiranonis and the fecal concentrations of unconjugated bile acids. A total of 142 fecal samples collected from 17 healthy cats were prospectively included: nine cats with weekly collection over 3 weeks (at least four time points), five cats with monthly collection over 2 months (three time points), and three cats with additional collections for up to 10 months. The DI remained stable within the reference intervals over two months for all cats (Friedman test, p > 0.2), and 100% of the DI values (n = 142) collected throughout the study period remained within the RI. While some temporal individual variation was observed for individual taxa, the magnitude was minimal compared to cats with chronic enteropathy and antibiotic exposure. Additionally, the abundance of Clostridium hiranonis was significantly correlated with the percentage of fecal primary bile acids, supporting its role as a bile acid converter in cats.

Abstract: Theory predicts intraguild predation (IGP) to be unstable despite its ubiquity in nature, prompting exploration of stabilizing mechanisms of IGP. One of the many ways IGP manifests is through inducible trophic polymorphisms in the intraguild (IG) predator, where a resource-eating predator morph competes with the intraguild (IG) prey for the shared resource while a top predator morph consumes the IG prey. Cannibalism is common in this type of system due to the top predator morph’s specialization on the trophic level below it, which includes the resource-eating predator morph. Here, we explore the consequences of inducible trophic polymorphisms in cannibal predators for IGP stability using an IGP model with and without cannibalism. We employ linear stability analysis and identify regions of coexistence based on the top predator morph’s preference for conspecifics vs. heterospecifics and the IG prey’s competitive ability relative to the resource-eating morph. Our findings reveal that preferential cannibalism (i.e., the preferential consumption of conspecifics) stabilizes the system when the IG prey and resource-eating morph have similar competitive abilities for the shared resource. Though original IGP theory finds that the IG prey must be a superior resource competitor as a general criterion for coexistence, this is not typically the case when the predator has an inducible trophic polymorphism and the resource-eating morph is specialized in resource acquisition. Preferential cannibalism may therefore be a key stabilizing mechanism in IGP systems with a cannibalistic, trophic polymorphic IG predators, providing further insight into what general mechanisms stabilize the pervasive IGP interaction.

This study proposes a novel structure through bionic design, exhibiting a negative Poisson's ratio, high stability, and energy absorption properties. The structural responses of both the conventional and novel honeycombs under dynamic impacts are obtained through simulation, characterizing their deformation modes and mechanical properties. The results show that the novel structure exhibits almost no localized densification, significantly reduced stress fluctuation, and a notable reduction in peak stress, differing significantly from the conventional structure. Furthermore, considering the NPR effect at medium and high speeds, the platform stress solution is derived, confirming the high stability of the novel honeycomb structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2) were loaded on graphene oxide (GO) by hydrothermal method and used as a photocatalyst for the degradation of bisphenol A (BPA). The optimum photocatalytic conditions were evaluated by studying the effect of operating parameters such as initial pH, photocatalyst dosage, radiation intensity, and initial BPA concentration. Under optimal conditions, 88.9% BPA degradation and 65% BPA mineralisation were obtained after 60 min of UV radiation. The presence of anions such as chloride, nitrate, carbonate, and bicarbonate in the reaction reactor significantly reduced the degradation efficiency and the constant kinetic rate by producing reactive species with weaker oxidation potential. The kinetic rate emphasised that the integrated TiO2 and GO nanoparticles have a high degradation activity (0.31 min−1) in the presence of UV compared to the alone process of UV (0.003 min−1) and adsorption (0.007 min−1). The radical trapping experiments showed that h+, •OH, O2•-, and e− are present in the reaction system, and the h+ and •OH species play a major role in the degradation process. The system energy consumption for different concentrations of BPA (10–100 mg/L) was in the range of 23.06–99.96 kWh/m3. The reusability results showed that the activity of GO-TiO2 in the degradation of BPA did not change significantly even after five cycles, which indicates its excellent photocatalytic stability. To evaluate the performance of GO-TiO2, the photocatalytic activation, oxidants such as H2O2, persulphate, and peroxymonosulfate were evaluated, and the results showed complete degradation of the contaminant at low concentrations of oxidants. The performance of the system for BPA removal in various real solutions such as drinking water, raw water, and treated wastewater was found to be 85.52, 79.52%, and 55.65%, respectively. Based on comparative experiments and trapping of reactive species, the photocatalytic degradation mechanism of BPA by GO-TiO2/UV was proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anthocyanins (ACNs) are one of the subgroups of flavonoids and getting intensive attraction due to the nutritional values. However, their application of ACNs is limited due to their poor stability and bioavailability. Accordingly, nanoencapsulation has been developed to enhance its stability and bio-efficacy. This review focuses on the nano-technique applications of delivery systems that be used for ACNs stabilization, with an emphasis on physicochemical stability and health benefits. ACNs incorporated with delivery systems in forms of nano-particles and fibrils can achieve advanced functions, such as improved stability, enhanced bioavailability, and controlled release. Also, the toxicological evaluation of nano delivery systems is summarized. Additionally, this review summarizes the challenges and suggests the further perspectives for the further application of ACNs delivery systems in food and medical fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein, designing of sustainable flower-like novel Sr3(VO4)2/g-C3N4 (SrVO/CN) nanocatalyst was successfully fabricated by easier hydrothermal method and utilised as a visible-light-driven for the degradation of methylene blue (MB) dye and ciprofloxacin (CF) antibiotic for the first time. The physicochemical behaviour of the nanocomposite was confirmed by various analytical techniques. These results confirm the successive development of flower-like Sr3(VO4)2 anchored on the g-C3N4 layer. The SrVO/CN can serve as an excellent catalyst for the decomposition of MB dyes and CF drugs under visible light irradiation. The results from UV-Vis spectroscopy evidently showed that the catalytic efficiency of SrVO/CN nanocomposite is higher than pure Sr3(VO4)2 nano-flowers. The SrVO/CN nanocomposite explores degradation efficiency of about 88.20% and 92.50% for MB and CF drug respectively. Furthermore, the stability and recycle behaviour of the SrVO/CN nanocomposites exhibit excellent effects. Hence, as prepared SrVO/CN behave as an example of the 'Killing of two birds with one arrow' approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we examine generalized nonlinear Schrödinger equation (GNLSE) for lump, breather lump wave, rogue wave, periodic cross kink wave, lump with one kink, lump with two-kink, interaction between lump periodic and kink wave, periodic cross lump wave, periodic wave and multi-wave. Ansatz transformations will be used to study homoclinic breather, kink cross rational, M-shaped rational, periodic cross rational, M-shaped rational with one kink, M-shaped rational with two-kink, M-shaped interaction with rogue and kink and M-shaped interaction with periodic and kink. We will also study the stability of the obtained solutions. Additionally, we present three-dimensional, two-dimensional, contour, and stream plot illustrations for our graphs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Comprehensive Summary: Photocatalysis is a promising green approach for water purification. The diversity of water pH values is a key factor that restricts its practical application since pH affects the adsorption of organic molecules, the stability of catalysts and photocatalytic performance. Here, we report a pH–independent, efficient and stable photocatalytic system with a liquid (water)–liquid (oil)–solid (semiconductor) (L–L–S) triphase interface microenvironment. The system is fabricated by coating a thin layer of silicon oil on the surface of ZnO nanowire arrays, a model chemically unstable semiconductor in both acidic and alkaline solutions. We show that the unique interface makes the dye adsorption pH independent and prevents the semiconductor from being corroded by strong acidic/alkaline solutions, leading to a stable and efficient photocatalytic reaction over a wide pH range (1—14). These findings reveal a promising path for the development of high‐performance catalysis systems applicable in complex water environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, the stability of exact smooth multi-solitons for the Dullin-Gottwald-Holm (DGH) equation is investigated for the first time. Firstly, through the inverse scattering approach, we derive the conservation laws in terms of scattering data and multi-solitons related to the discrete spectrum based on the Lax pair of the DGH equation. Notably, a new series Hamiltonian derived from bi-Hamilton structure are equivalent to the conservation laws, and can also be expressed in terms of scattering data. Thus we successfully connect scattering data (multi-solitons) to the recursion operator between Hamiltonian, and to the Lyapunov functional constructed from Hamiltonian. With this Lyapunov functional, it is identified that these smooth multi-solitons serve as non-isolated constrained minimizers, adhering to a suitable variational nonlocal elliptic equation. Moreover, the integrable properties of the recursion operator are presented, which is the crucial for spectral analysis in this work. Consequently, the investigation of dynamical stability transforms into a problem on the spectrum of explicit linearized systems. It is worth noting that, compared to previous works on Camassa-Holm equation and KdV-type equations, recursion operator derived from existing Hamiltonian for the DGH equation do not possess good integrable properties. We construct a new series of Hamiltonians with both analysable recursion operator and simple initial variation derivative (δ H 1 / δ u = m) to overcome this problem. Furthermore, orbital stability of the smooth double solitons is proved at last of the work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Comprehensive Summary: Photocatalysis is a promising green approach for water purification. The diversity of water pH values is a key factor that restricts its practical application since pH affects the adsorption of organic molecules, the stability of catalysts and photocatalytic performance. Here, we report a pH–independent, efficient and stable photocatalytic system with a liquid (water)–liquid (oil)–solid (semiconductor) (L–L–S) triphase interface microenvironment. The system is fabricated by coating a thin layer of silicon oil on the surface of ZnO nanowire arrays, a model chemically unstable semiconductor in both acidic and alkaline solutions. We show that the unique interface makes the dye adsorption pH independent and prevents the semiconductor from being corroded by strong acidic/alkaline solutions, leading to a stable and efficient photocatalytic reaction over a wide pH range (1—14). These findings reveal a promising path for the development of high‐performance catalysis systems applicable in complex water environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The focus of this paper is to examine the motion of a novel double pendulum (DP) system with two degrees of freedom (DOF). This system operates under specific constraints to follow a Lissajous curve, with its pivot point moving along this path in a plane. The nonlinear differential equations governing this system are derived using Lagrange's equations. Their analytical solutions (AS) are subsequently calculated using the multiple-scales method (MSM), which provides higher-order approximations. These solutions are considered new, as the traditional MSM has been applied to this novel system for the first time. Additionally, the accuracy of these solutions is validated through numerical results obtained using the fourth-order Runge–Kutta method. The solvability conditions and characteristic exponents are determined based on resonance cases. The Routh–Hurwitz criteria (RHC) are employed to assess the stability of the fixed points corresponding to the steady-state solutions. They are also used to demonstrate the frequency response curves. The nonlinear stability analysis is performed by examining the stability and instability ranges. Resonance curves and time history plots are presented to analyze the behavior of the system for specific parameter values. The investigation delves into a comprehensive analysis of bifurcation diagrams (BDs) and Lyapunov exponent spectra (LEs), aiming to uncover the various types of motion present within the system. Systematic examination of these charts reveals critical insights into transitions between stable, quasi-stable, and chaotic dynamical behaviors. This work has practical applications in various fields, such as robotics, pump compressors, rotor dynamics, and transportation devices. It can be used to study the vibrational motion of these systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the peak-shaving process of underground salt cavern hydrogen storage, the surrounding rock experiences periodic stress and temperature variations over decades, leading to the induction of thermal stress that may compromise the safe operation of the storage during hydrogen injection and extraction. This study utilizes existing research on thermal stress associated with gas injection and extraction in salt caverns to establish boundary conditions for numerical simulations based on analytical solutions of gas temperature and pressure over time. It investigates the impact of injection-extraction cycles and rates on cavern stability, employing the tensile failure criterion as an evaluation metric. The findings reveal: 1. Tensile failure in the surrounding rock predominantly occurs during hydrogen extraction, with higher extraction rates and more frequent cycles exacerbating this failure. 2. During hydrogen extraction, tensile stress in the surrounding rock increases, causing failure near the interlayers of the cavern wall. Although tensile failure does not occur during hydrogen injection, stress concentration appears at the interface between rock salt and interlayers. 3. To mitigate tensile failure, it is recommended to increase the minimum internal pressure of hydrogen storage from 0.3 to 0.4 times the vertical stress at the cavern roof when designing for the maximum hydrogen extraction rate based on the minimum operating internal pressure of the cavern. By identifying critical factors influencing tensile failure, this study offers valuable insights for optimizing operational parameters of underground hydrogen storage, ensuring long-term stability and reliability in response to evolving energy storage demands. • Investigates thermal stress in hydrogen storage caverns in bedded salt rock. • Higher extraction rates and cycles increase tensile failure risk. • Hydrogen extraction causes more tensile failure than injection. • Increasing minimum pressure mitigates cavern wall tensile failure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper concerns the steady Euler-Poisson system with self-gravitation in a two dimensional annulus of finite radius, which can be used to describe the expansion of disk-like stars and ring galaxies. Via the stream function, the Euler-Poisson system in the subsonic region is reformulated into a second order nonlinear elliptic system. One of the crucial ingredients of the analysis is to obtain the well-posedness of the boundary value problem for the associated linearized elliptic system, which is achieved through a special structure of the elliptic system to gain an energy estimate. By combining the iteration method with a priori estimates of solutions to the elliptic system, we establish the existence, uniqueness and nonlinear structural stability of subsonic flows. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is a lack of analyte stability data in whole blood (WB). The aim of this study was to determine the allowable delay in WB processing for lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), folate, vitamin B12, iron and phosphate measurement. The stability of LDH, folate and vitamin B12 was also assessed in stored serum at clinically relevant time points.Blood was taken from n=10 volunteers into Sarstedt serum gel tubes. We assessed stability in WB at room temperature up to 24 h, and stability in refrigerated serum up to 72 h. Mean percentage deviation at each time point was compared to criteria for minimum allowable bias.Results produced from one individual were removed due to discordant results, leaving n=9 specimens at each time point. Stability of folate and phosphate was variable in WB across 24 h, but was deemed to be clinically acceptable. LDH was unstable in WB, iron was stable for at least 12 h, and vitamin B12 and ferritin were acceptable for up to 24 h. Serum LDH, folate and vitamin B12 all demonstrated acceptable stability in refrigerated serum stored for up to 72 h.Blood should ideally be centrifuged within 7 h for phosphate, LDH and folate, and 12 h for iron. However, for phosphate, folate and iron, there is likely to be little clinical impact if serum separation is delayed up to 24 h. Further research is needed to assess LDH stability in WB at 0–12 h, but changes are minimal at 12 h. All other analytes assessed showed acceptable stability across the time-points tested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cesium‐based inorganic perovskites have emerged as promising light‐harvesting materials for perovskite solar cells (PSCs) due to their promising thermal‐ and photo‐stability. However, obstacles to commercialization remain regarding their phase instability. In this work, we report a facile and effective strategy to regulate the surface compressive strain via in situ surface reaction to stabilize CsPbI3 perovskite. The use of a chelating ligand with a molecular configuration closely matching the integer multiples of the unit cell lattice parameters of CsPbI3 induces compressive strain at the surface of CsPbI3. The chemical bonding and strain modulation synergistically not only passivate film defects, but also inhibit perovskite phase degradation, thus significantly improving the intrinsic stability of inorganic perovskite. Consequently, enhanced power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 21.0 % and 18.6 % were respectively achieved in 0.16‐cm2 lab‐scale devices and 25.3‐cm2 solar modules. Further, surface reaction enables PSCs with enhanced thermal and operational stability; these devices retain over 95 % of their initial PCE after damp‐heat tests (i.e., in 85 °C and 85 % R. H. air) for 2000 h, and remain 99 % of their initial PCE after operating for 2000 h, representing one of the most stable inorganic PSCs reported so far. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective Methods Results Conclusion Substantial efforts have been progressively devoted to developing innovative, safe, and effective topical anti‐aging products that not only improve the appearance of aged skin but also prioritize environmental sustainability and the responsible use of natural resources. Thus, the current study targeted to evaluate novel, natural emulsion/serum comprising new glycolipid emulsifier (lauryl glucoside/myristyl glucoside/polyglyceryl‐6 laurate) and Acmella oleracea plant extract as a model active.The developed serum was assessed concerning its stability (freeze–thaw test, accelerated study), safety (in vitro screening of eye irritation potential, dermal absorption study) and efficacy (randomized, active/reference‐controlled, half‐face, in vivo study). Changes in skin biophysical properties, microrelief, roughness, texture, surface, and volume parameters were assessed in the periocular and perioral areas of human volunteers after 2 weeks of product application, utilizing several bioengineering and topography techniques.The stability study demonstrated favourable stability profile of the developed serum, with practically unaffected stability‐indicating parameters (apparent viscosity, yield, flow point, storage and loss moduli, loss factor, pH, electrical conductivity) during freeze–thaw cycling and after 3 months of storage at 45°C. The hen's egg test on the chorioallantoic membrane of fertilized chicken eggs confirmed the absence of ocular irritation potential of investigated serum; no effects of haemorrhage, lysis or coagulation were occurred. Skin permeation study using diffusion cells revealed no permeation of spilanthol from the tested A. oleracea extract‐loaded serum through the pig ear skin into the receptor medium, thus suggesting no absorption into systemic circulation. In vivo efficacy study corroborated beneficial effects of evaluated serum on the condition/appearance of facial skin, at both periocular and perioral areas—significant (p < 0.05) increase in skin hydration (10%–40%) and smoothness (~15%); significant (p < 0.05) decrease in roughness (20%–30%), scaliness (~30%), and wrinkles (~15%)—implying more hydrated, smoother, visibly milder skin.The present findings confirmed the stability, preliminary safety (no ocular irritation, no dermal absorption, and good skin tolerability), and efficacy (improved skin hydration and microrelief) of the A. oleracea extract‐loaded, glycolipid‐based serum, supporting its potential as a safe and effective topical anti‐aging product. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we present a novel conformable vector Traub's method for solving nonlinear systems, the classical Traub's method is special case of the conformable vector Traub's method. It has been demonstrated that the order of convergence is 3. The experimental results show that, compared with the conformable vector Newton's method the conformable vector Traub's method requires fewer numbers of iterations. The calculation accuracy of the conformal vector Traub's method is higher than that of the classical Traub's method under the same number of iteration. The convergence planes of the conformable vector Traub's method exhibit a high level of stability and a higher convergence percentage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the output feedback-based bipartite consensus problem for MASs of unstable heat equations is investigated. The interactions of participating individuals are cooperative and competitive on an undirected graph. In order to achieve accurate estimation of system state, a distributed state observer is proposed. By introducing a reversible transformation, the observer system is transformed into a new system, and the controller based on the new system states is designed, which guarantees the well-posedness and stability of the considered control system and the observer system due to the invertibility of the presented transformation. Similarly, the bipartite consensus is analysed and proved. Finally, the validity of the proposed method is verified by simulation examples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work introduces analytical tools for investigating stability regions of parametric polynomials. Our approach extends the classical D-decomposition method to accommodate any number of parameters, whether linearly or non-linearly involved in the coefficients of a polynomial ψ. Through Hermite's stability method, we establish the existence of stability regions within the parameter space, where all roots of ψ reside exclusively in the closed left half complex plane, defining the stability boundary. To identify points within the stability region, we employ the quotient and remainder from the Euclidean division of ψ by specific polynomials. Additionally, we introduce the 'dynamics correlator', a polynomial expressing ψ in its assignable roots space, whose zero set generalises the Root Locus. Confluence polynomials and loci, derived from the dynamics correlator, are used to realise stabilisability strategies. Extensive numerical examples demonstrate the application and effectiveness of the proposed methods in stabilising challenging systems and meeting additional performance criteria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Since scoliosis is a three-dimensional deformity, it causes some movement limitations in the spine and related joints. However, functional limitations associated with scoliosis-related hip joint involvement are the subject of research. Aims: This study aims to investigate the physical characteristics and functional limitations associated with idiopathic scoliosis (IS), focusing on hip joint. Methods: Demographic characteristics, scoliosis-specific assessments and hip joint active range of motion (RoM), lumbar mobility (Modified Schober test), lumbopelvic stability (Single leg squat test-SLS), hip joint position sense, lower extremity balance (Y-balance test) and lower extremity functionality (Lower extremity functional scale-LEFS) were evaluated. Results: The study included 120 individuals, with 86 in the scoliosis group (mean age: 15.7 ± 3.4 years) and 34 in the control group (mean age: 16.1 ± 4.8 years). The scoliosis group exhibited limited RoM of the hip joint in flexion, extension, right abduction, adduction, internal rotation, and left external rotation compared to controls (p < 0.001). Lumbar mobility was decreased (p < 0.001). In the joint position sense test, the mean difference for right flexion was and for left flexion. Bilateral decreased SLS test performances (p < 0.001) and Y-balance test performance (p < 0.05) in individuals with IS. LEFS scores were statistically different but not clinically different between groups (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Individuals with IS show decreased hip mobility, lumbopelvic stability, hip joint position sense, and balance compared to healthy peers; however, these limitations do not have a clinical impact on daily living activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A modified incremental harmonic balance (IHB) method is used to determine periodic solutions of wave propagation in discrete, strongly nonlinear, periodic structures, and solutions are found to be in a two-dimensional hyperplane. A novel method based on the Hill's method is developed to analyze stability and bifurcations of periodic solutions. A simplified model of wave propagation in a strongly nonlinear monatomic chain is examined in detail. The study reveals the amplitude-dependent property of nonlinear wave propagation in the structure and relationships among the frequency, the amplitude, the propagation constant, and the nonlinear stiffness. Numerous bifurcations are identified for the strongly nonlinear chain. Attenuation zones for wave propagation that are determined using an analysis of results from the modified IHB method and directly using the modified IHB method are in excellent agreement. Two frequency formulae for weakly and strongly nonlinear monatomic chains are obtained by a fitting method for results from the modified IHB method, and the one for a weakly nonlinear monatomic chain is consistent with the result from a perturbation method in the literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we investigate the existence of the Neimark–Sacker bifurcation of discrete delay Pielou Model with positive parameters. It is shown that this model undergoes a Neimark–Sacker bifurcation when the parameter passes a critical value. Furthermore, based on the computational algorithm developed by Murakami in [The invariant curve caused by Neimark-Sacker bifurcation, Dyn. Contin. Discrete Impuls. Syst. Ser. A 9 (2002), pp. 121–132], the explicit algorithm for determining the direction and stability of the Neimark–Sacker bifurcations is derived. Also, an explicit approximate expression of the invariant curve caused by Neimark–Sacker bifurcation is given. Some numerical simulations are carried out to illustrate the analytical results found. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Yellow mustard gum (YMG) is a natural hydrocolloid extracted from the viscous fraction of the seed coat, a by‐product of mustard seeds, and possesses superior emulsifying capacity in emulsions. However, there is no application of YMG for commercial products. The demand for vegan mayonnaise (VM) has increased in recent years and the challenge is to maintain the original consistency and taste while replacing eggs from conventional mayonnaise. To obtain high‐quality VM and to investigate the potential of YMG as a food additive, YMG was applied to VM at 0%, 0.2%, 0.4%, 0.6%, 0.8%, and 1.0% (w/w) in this study. The physical properties (index of stability, rheological properties and particle size characterisation), storage stability (visual stability, microstructure observation and cold tolerance) and texture of YMG‐formulated VM were measured and compared with commercial products to assess the quality and market prospects. The results showed that the VM obtained higher stability, more non‐Newtonian flow behaviour, and a smaller droplet size with higher YMG content. After 90 days of storage, no separation occurred in the YMG‐added VM. YMG improves the shelf‐life of VM, and mayonnaise formulated with YMG has comparative or better texture properties compared with commercial counterparts. Overall, YMG‐added VM could be more appealing to consumers favouring plant‐based foods and have the potential to substitute for traditional products. YMG is beneficial to vegan product development with clean‐label requirements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we investigate the existence, uniqueness, and asymptotic behaviors of mild solutions of parabolic evolution equations on complex plane, in which the diffusion operator has the form □ ¯ φ = D ¯ D ¯ ∗ , where D ¯ f = ∂ ̄ f + φ z ̄ f , the function φ is smooth and subharmonic on ℂ , and D ¯ ∗ is the formal adjoint of D ¯ . Our method combines certain estimates of heat kernel associating with the homogeneous linear equation of Raich [Heat equations in ℝ × ℂ , J. Funct. Anal. 240(1) (2006) 1–35] and a fixed point argument. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease that poses a serious threat to human health. It starts with the buildup of plaque in the artery wall, which results from the accumulation of pro‐inflammatory factors and other substances. In this paper, we propose a mathematical model of early atherosclerosis with a free boundary and time delay. The time delay represents the time required for macrophages to transit to foam cells through cholesterol accumulation. We obtain an explicit solution and analyze the stability of the model and the effect of the time delay on plaque size. We show that in the form of perturbation cos(nθ)$$ \cos \left(n\theta \right) $$ (where n$$ n $$ represents the mode of angle), when n=0$$ n&#x0003D;0 $$ or 1, the steady‐state solution (M∗,p∗,r∗)$$ \left({M}_{\ast },{p}_{\ast },{r}_{\ast}\right) $$ is linearly stable; when n≥2$$ n\ge 2 $$, there exists a critical parameter L∗$$ {L}_{\ast } $$ such that the steady‐state solution is linearly stable for LL∗$$ L>{L}_{\ast } $$. Moreover, we find that smaller plaque are associated with the presence of time delay. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses the problem of Mittag‐Leffler stability and synchronization for discrete‐time fractional‐order delayed quaternion valued neural networks (DTFODQVNN). Firstly, a criterion is achieved to ensure the existence and uniqueness of the equilibrium point (EP) of DTFODQVNN through applying Brouwer's fixed‐point theory. Secondly, based on a Lyapunov function and a new discrete fractional inequality, the stability condition is established by employing a linear matrix inequality approach. In addition, by constructing a proper controller, drive–response synchronization is investigated by means of deploying Lyapunov direct method (LDM). Finally, two examples with simulations test the correctness of the acquired results. Moreover, image encryption is considered as an application based on the chaotic DTFODQVNN. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We consider a free boundary problem for the two-dimensional plasma-vacuum interface ideal magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flows. In the plasma region, the flow is governed by the compressible ideal MHD equations, while in the vacuum region, we consider the full-Maxwell equations for the electric and the magnetic fields. At the free interface, driven by the plasma velocity, the total pressure is continuous and the magnetic field on both sides is tangent to the boundary. We establish a linear stability/instability criterion of equilibrium state for the Rayleigh-Taylor (RT) problem and the linear stability for the ideal MHD equations. More specifically, we study the stabilizing effect of impressed magnetic fields upon solutions to the equations obtained by linearization around the equilibrium state. We give the critical magnetic number H c by a modified variational method and prove that the linearized system is stable when the horizontal impressed magnetic field H ¯ = ( H ¯ 1 , 0) satisfies | H ¯ 1 | > H c , while unstable for | H ¯ 1 | < H c . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We analyze travelling wave (TW) solutions for nonlinear systems consisting of an ODE coupled to a degenerate PDE with a diffusion coefficient that vanishes as the solution tends to zero and blows up as it approaches its maximum value. Stable TW solutions for such systems have previously been observed numerically as well as in biological experiments on the growth of cellulolytic biofilms. In this work, we provide an analytical justification for these observations and prove existence and stability results for TW solutions of such models. Using the TW ansatz and a first integral, the system is reduced to an autonomous dynamical system with two unknowns. Analysing the system in the corresponding phase–plane, the existence of a unique TW is shown, which possesses a sharp front and a diffusive tail, and is moving with a constant speed. The linear stability of the TW in two space dimensions is proven under suitable assumptions on the initial data. Finally, numerical simulations are presented that affirm the theoretical predictions on the existence, stability, and parametric dependence of the travelling waves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we revisit the Cauchy problem for the three dimensional nonlinear Schrödinger equation with a constant magnetic field. We first establish sufficient conditions that ensure the existence of global in time and finite time blow-up solutions. In particular, we derive sharp thresholds for global existence versus blow-up for the equation with mass-critical and mass-supercritical nonlinearities. We next prove the existence and orbital stability of normalized standing waves which extend the previous known results to the mass-critical and mass-supercritical cases. To show the existence of normalized solitary waves, we present a new approach that avoids the celebrated concentration-compactness principle. Finally, we study the existence and strong instability of ground state standing waves which greatly improve the previous literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]