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This article focuses on two popular sports that can put male athletes at risk of developing an eating disorder: bodybuilding and running. Bodybuilders concentrate on gaining muscle mass and runners on leaning body mass. Based on the trans-contextual model of motivation, this study aimed to better understand the psychological mechanisms underlying eating disorders in these athletes. In all, 272 male bodybuilders and 217 male runners completed measures of sport motivation, theory of planned behavior variables (i.e., attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control, and intention to gain muscle mass/lean body mass), and eating disorders (dieting, control, and bulimia behaviors). The results revealed satisfactory fit indices for both samples. Autonomous and controlled motivations for sport were positively directly and indirectly related to eating disorders in these athletes. This motivational mechanism needs more in-depth investigation, and motivational profiles might help distinguish athletes with and without eating disorders.

Background The continued prevalence of positive samples to banned performance-enhancing drugs confirms the importance to maintain the anti-doping efforts. Though the role of socio-cognitive variables in doping attitudes is well identified (e.g., Ntoumanis et al., 2014), the role of implicit processes remains sparsely studied in sports’ doping, especially in high level cyclists. While the potential of traditional computer-IAT has been developed to capture individuals’ implicit attitudes toward doping (Brand et al., 2014ab; Schindler et al., 2015), paper-and-pen IAT offers unquestionably ease-of-administration prospects (Chan and al., 2017). The aim of this study was thus to test and provide a preliminary validation of a French paper-and-pen IAT as an alternative method to measure implicit attitudes toward doping: the IAT-Dop. Method This work was based on the testing procedure of the paper-and-pen Personalized Single-Category IAT test (i.e., p&p SC-IAT-P) of Bardin et al. (2016), which we enriched with the procedure of Boateng et al. (2018). This paper was built around four studies: (a) the first study consisted in the development of a preliminary version of the IAT-Dop, (b) the second study measured the dimensionality and criterion validity of the IAT-Dop to confirm the structure of the p&p version, (c) the third study verified its test-retest reliability, and (d) the fourth study explored the relations between the p&p and computerized versions of the IAT-Dop as a first approach to construct validity. Results Study 1 developed a preliminary French version of the IAT-Dop based on Chan et al.’s IAT proposal (2017). Study 2 provided preliminary support to the dimensionality and criterion validity of the tool. Study 3 demonstrated the test-retest reliability of the instrument. Finally, Study 4 suggested the construct validity of the IAT-Dop through a significant correlation between the computerized and p&p versions. Conclusion The IAT-Dop is a preliminary tested French-language version of a tool for measuring athletes’ implicit attitudes toward doping, with the advantages of simplicity, low cost, and quick administration. This tool should contribute to the better assessment and understanding of the mechanisms related to doping and may be a useful new indicator in the evaluation of prevention programs.

Background The drive for muscularity behaviors are very common in male athletes, especially in male bodybuilders. Studies have related drive for muscularity behaviors to body dissatisfaction, eating disorders and muscle dysmorphia. Methods This study applied the trans-contextual model of motivation to the drive for muscularity behaviors of male bodybuilders at risk of developing muscle dysmorphia. The relationships between self-determination theory constructs and drive for muscularity behaviors, via the theory of planned behavior variables (i.e., attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control, and intention) were examined. A total of 175 Swiss male bodybuilders (Mage = 27.34; SDage = 7.53) completed measures on motivation for sport, theory of planned behavior variables, and drive for muscularity behaviors. They practiced bodybuilding from three to 24 h per week (Mhours per week = 6.59; SDhours per week = 3.45) and had done so for 7.19 years on average (SDnumber of years = 6.91). Using bootstrapped maximum likelihood estimation with the AMOS 7.0 program, a series of confirmatory factor analyses was performed on each subscale and a series of path analyses was performed to determine the final model. Results The fit indices of the final model were satisfactory: χ2 (11) = 13.81; p = .244; TLI = .98; CFI = .99; RMSEA = .04. The model explained 29% of the variance of drive for muscularity behaviors. The final path analysis supported the motivational sequence, with autonomous motivation for sport showing a positive, significant and indirect association with the drive for muscularity behaviors via perceived behavioral control and intention to gain muscle mass, and controlled motivation for sport showing a positive association with the drive for muscularity behaviors both directly and via attitude and intention to gain muscle mass. Conclusions It was concluded that the trans-contextual model of motivation applies only partially to the drive for muscularity behaviors in male bodybuilders. Perspective The motivational mechanisms explaining the development of drive for muscularity behaviors might be better understood through complementary analyses of motivational profiles. Such investigations would guide the design of programs to lower the risks associated with these behaviors.

Both doping (e.g. Hodge, K., Hargreaves, E. A., Gerrard, D. F., & Lonsdale, C. (2013). Psychological mechanisms underlying doping attitudes in sport: Motivation and moral disengagement. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 35, 419-432.) and eating behaviours (e.g. Hagger, M. S., Chatzisarantis, N. L., & Harris, J. (2006). From psychological need satisfaction to intentional behaviour: Testing a motivational sequence in two behavioural contexts. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 32, 131-148.) have been studied independently within the SDT framework, but no research has examined these variables concomitantly to better understand the relationships between motivation for sport and doping variables. We therefore examined the mediating role of eating behaviour in the relationship between SDT constructs for sport motivation and athletes' susceptibility to doping. Bootstrapped mediation analyses were performed for 171 male and female athletes with competitive experience in various sports. The analyses revealed that healthy eating behaviours significantly mediated the relationship between SDT motivational constructs and susceptibility to doping. The findings enrich our theoretical understanding of how the SDT approach to motivation for sport might provide insight into the susceptibility to doping; that is, through the potential mediating role of healthy eating behaviours. Finally, the potential central position of eating behaviours in the motivation-doping relationship opens up a potential swathe of novel research, with investigations into eating behaviours at the forefront of future research on the psychology of doping.

International audience; Muscle dysmorphia (MD) is an excessive preoccupation with the pursuit of a lean, hypermuscular body, which is associated with deviant behaviors that particularly affects bodybuilders. Although some meta-analyses on this subject have been implemented, none of them take into account sociodemographic, sociocultural and psychological factors associated with MD. The objective of this study was to review international scientific articles in English, published between 1995 and 2017, related to the drive for muscularity and muscle dysmorphia. Using three electronic databases (Google Scholar, PubMed, and ScienceDirect), and according to three inclusion criteria, 86 articles were selected. The content analysis allowed us to identify four sets of research: (a) behaviors and deviations related to the drive for muscularity and muscle dysmorphia; (b) sociodemographic factors; (c) sociocultural factors; (d) psychological factors. The contributions of these studies are discussed, and their limitations identified, while considering some perspectives for research and prevention.; La Dysmorphie Musculaire (DM) est une préoccupation excessive relative à la prise de masse musculaire et à l’adoption de comportements déviants associés qui touche particulièrement les bodybuilders. Bien que plusieurs méta-analyses aient été réalisées sur ce sujet, aucune d’entre elles n’a porté sur les facteurs sociodémographiques, socioculturels et psychologiques associés à la DM. L’objectif de ce travail était de recenser l’ensemble des articles scientifiques publiés dans des revues internationales en langue anglaise, entre 1995 et 2017, relatifs à la recherche de prise de masse musculaire et à la DM. A l’aide de trois bases de données électroniques (GoogleScholar, PubMed, et ScienceDirect) et selon trois critères d’inclusion, 86 articles ont été retenus. L’analyse du contenu de ces articles a permis d’identifier quatre catégories de travaux: (a) les comportements et les troubles associés à la recherche de masse musculaire et à la DM; (b) les facteurs sociodémographiques; (c) les facteurs socio-culturels; (d) et les facteurs psychologiques associés. Les apports de ces études sont discutés, et leurs limites identifiées afin d’envisager des perspectives de recherches et de prévention.

This study compared differences in psychosocial characteristics and eating attitudes between young French and Canadian figure skaters. A total of 221 elite figure skaters, 101 Canadian and 120 French, participated in the study. Disordered eating attitudes and six psychosocial variables including sport friendship quality, coach relationship quality, parent relationship quality, perceived peer acceptance, physical ability and physical appearance, were measured using questionnaires. Canadian figure skaters demonstrated a higher relationship quality with sports friends, parents, and coaches, higher perceived physical ability and appearance, and a higher level of disordered eating attitudes compared to their French counterparts; however, French figure skaters reported higher scores of peer social acceptance. In both groups, significant positive relationships were observed between coach relationship quality and sport friendship quality, parent relationship quality and perceived physical ability or physical appearance, peer acceptance and perceived physical ability. Perceived physical ability was negatively related to disordered eating attitudes in the Canadian group, but positively associated in the French group. In conclusion, specific associations between coach-athlete relationship quality, perceived physical ability and eating disorders were observed among the French elite skaters compared with the Canadian skaters suggesting cultural differences between the two countries.

Thinness is a part of today's sociocultural standards of beauty and thus is implicated in body image dissatisfaction and eating disorders. In female aesthetic sports, thinness is a standard for aesthetics and performance. Measuring the internalisation of thin-ideal standards in these athletes may therefore help them to gain insight into the risks associated with body image dissatisfaction and disordered eating. This study aimed to develop and validate the Internalisation of Sociocultural and Thin-Ideal Standards in Sports (ISTISS) Scale. Four studies involving 357 female aesthetic athletes examined the exploratory factorial structure, temporal stability, and concurrent validity of the ISTISS, which gave rise to a 10-item scale with two subscales: internalisation of sociocultural standards and thin-ideal standards in sports. Internal consistencies were satisfactory and relationships with the self-regulation of eating attitude in sport were as expected. These findings provide preliminary evidence for the ap...

Dancers are at high risk of developing disordered eating attitudes, notably because of internalized thinness norms. Although the big five personality traits have been shown to be associated with eating attitudes in daily life, in dancers where eating issues and thinness norms internalization could be salient little is known about these associations and the role of the internalization of thinness norms in this relationship. The main objectives of this study were thus to examine the relationships between the personality traits defined in the big five model and the self-regulation of eating attitudes, and to assess the role of internalized thinness norms in this association. The study included 180 intensively training dancers with an average age of 15.6 years (SD = 2.8). Dancers completed questionnaires measuring the big five personality traits, internalization of thinness norms and self-regulation of eating attitudes in sport. Bootstrapped mediation analyses showed that neuroticism was negatively associated with self-regulation of eating attitudes, both directly and indirectly through the mediating role of internalized thinness norms. This study suggested that: (a) neuroticism is a vulnerability factor for self-regulation of eating attitudes in dancers, as already evidenced in the general population, and (b) the internalization of thinness norms is a pathway through which neuroticism affects self-regulation of eating attitudes. The big five model is therefore partially related to the internalization of thinness norms and eating attitudes in dancers.

International audience; In the field of health psychology, the control has consistently been considered as a protective factor. This protective role has been also highlighted in eating attitudes' domain. However, current studies use the one-dimensional scale of Rotter or the multidimensional health locus of control scale, and no specific eating attitudes' scale in the sport context exists. Moreover, the social influence in previous scales is limited. According to recent works, the purpose of this study was to test the internal and external validity of a multidimensional locus of control scale of eating attitudes for athletes. One hundred and seventy-nine participants were solicited. A confirmatory factorial analysis was conducted in order to test the internal validity of the scale. The scale external validity was tested in relation to eating attitudes. The internal validity of the scale was verified as well as the external validity, which confirmed the importance of taking into consideration social influences. Indeed, the 2 subscales " Trainers, friends " and " Parents, family " are related respectively positively and negatively in eating disorders.; Les travaux en psychologie de la santé considèrent généralement le fait d'exercer du contrôle comme un facteur protecteur. Ce rôle protecteur a également été montré dans le domaine des comportements alimentaires. Cependant, les précédentes études utilisaient soit l'échelle unidimensionnelle de Rotter, soit l'échelle multidimensionnelle spécifique à la santé. Aucune échelle spécifique aux comportements alimentaires n'existe. De plus, la prise en compte des facteurs sociaux dans les précédentes échelles est limitée. En s'appuyant sur des travaux récents, l'objectif de cette étude était de proposer une échelle de locus de contrôle multidimensionnelle, prenant en compte l'environnement social du sportif et de tester sa validité interne. La validité externe de cette échelle a également été testée en relation avec les comportements alimentaires. Les résultats montrent une bonne validité interne et externe de l'échelle et confirment l'importance de la prise en compte des influences sociales. En effet, les 2 sous-dimensions « Entraîneurs, amis » et « Parents, famille » sont celles associées respectivement positivement et négati-vement aux troubles alimentaires.

Resume L’objet de cet article est de developper et valider en langue francaise une echelle mesurant l’Efficacite AutoRegulatrice des Affects en Sport (EARAS). L’outil a ete developpe a partir d’une adaptation au contexte du sport d’une echelle mesurant ce construit dans la vie quotidienne (Bandura et al., 1996, 2001, 2003). Une serie d’etudes complementaires aupres de 669 etudiants a permis de : (a) elaborer une version preliminaire de l’EARAS (etude 1), (b) examiner la structure factorielle de l’instrument et tester son invariance selon le sexe (etude 2), (c) verifier sa fidelite temporelle (etude 3) et (d) examiner la validite de construit de l’instrument (etude 4). Le modele bi-facteur de l’efficacite autoregulatrice des affects a ete retenu. Au final, l’EARAS presente des proprietes psychometriques satisfaisantes et constitue un instrument fiable et valide, permettant le developpement de futures recherches relatives a l’efficacite autoregulatrice des affects de sportifs francophones.

International audience; Objectives: We investigated the associations between the Big Five personality traits and occupational burnout in firefighters and the mediating role of achievement goals in this relationship. Methods: Two hundred twenty male firefighters from 20 to 62 years old participated and mediation analyses were performed.Results: The results showed that neuroticism was positively related to the three dimensions of burnout, both directly and through mastery avoidance goals. Mastery approach goals mediated the relationships between conscientiousness and physical fatigue and between openness to experience and physical fatigue.Conclusion: Three of the Big Five personality traits, neuroticism, conscientiousness and openness to experience, and achievement goals, may be important factors in understanding and preventing firefighter burnout.

Thinness is a part of today's sociocultural standards of beauty and thus is implicated in body-image dissatisfaction and eating disorders. In female aesthetic sports, thinness is a standard for aesthetics and performance. Measuring the internalisation of thin-ideal standards in these athletes may therefore help athletes, coaches, parents, administrators, sport psychologists, and so on to gain insight into the risks associated with body-image dissatisfaction and disordered eating. This study aimed to develop and validate the Internalisation of Sociocultural and Thin-Ideal Standards in Sports (ISTISS) scale. Four studies involving 357 female aesthetic athletes examined the exploratory factorial structure, temporal stability, and concurrent validity of the ISTISS, which gave rise to a 10-item scale with two subscales: internalisation of sociocultural standards and thin-ideal standards in sports. Internal consistencies were satisfactory and relationships with the self-regulation of eating attitude in sport we...

International audience; La prévalence des désordres alimentaires est particulièrement importante dans le contexte du sport de haut niveau, en particulier dans les sports d'endurance, les sportsà catégorie de poids et les sports esthétiques. Dans cette revue de littérature, sont abordés la prévalence des désordres alimentaires en sport et les facteurs psychosociaux les plusà mêmes d'influencer le développement de ces désordres chez les sportifs engagés dans des sportsà caractère esthétique. Si certains facteurs sont similairesà ceux identifiés dans l'étude des désordres alimentaires dans la population générale, d'autres apparaissent spécifiques au contexte social et aux normes d'accomplissement sportifs. Par exemple, l'émergence des désordres alimentaires dans les sports jugés sur des critères esthétiques sont fortement déterminés par la qualité de la relation sociale avec l'entraîneur, ou avec l'ami(e) en sport, et par l'habileté perçue. Abstract. Psychosocial factors of eating disorders in sport context: a review of literature. The prevalence of eating disorders is particularly high in high-level sports, especially endurance sports, sports with weight categories and aesthetic sports. This review of the literature examines the prevalence of eating disorders and the psychosocial factors that are most apt to influence the development of these disorders in athletes of aesthetic sports. Although some factors are similar to those identified in studies of the general population, others appear to be quite specific to the social context and achievement norms of sport. For example, the emergence of eating disorders in sports judged on aesthetic criteria is strongly determined by the quality of the athlete's relationship with the coach and by perceived ability.

The purpose of this study was to test a model of the effects of athletes' eating disorders on coach, sport friend and parent social relationships and peer social acceptance through physical self-perceptions (i.e. perceived physical appearance and perceived physical ability). The sample comprised 199 elite female figure skaters. The data were analysed using structural equation modelling. Our results showed that the effects of athletes' eating disorders on social relationships were not mediated by physical self-perceptions. Athletes' eating disorders directly negatively influenced the quality of the parent–athlete relationship, thus confirming previous findings in young adults. Contrary to the literature, eating disorders were positively related to perceived physical ability. This paradoxical finding is discussed in relation to achievement theories and the particularity of the sport context. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association

International audience

International audience; Objectives: The aim of this study was to develop a computerized instrument to assess eating attitudes and behaviors, the “virtual self-service restaurant” (VSSR), and to test for preliminary evidence of its validity. Improved measures of self-regulation in this area should facilitate the management of individuals with eating disorders, particularly athletes, and the implementation of tailored prevention and intervention programs.Results: This interface assesses the individual's basal metabolism, energy expenditure related to physical activity, global energy expenditure, global energy intake (i.e., difference between energy expenditure and intake), and distribution of food intake over the day. The validity of the VSSR was tested in four populations, and the results indicated satisfactory internal and external validity.Conclusion: This instrument, which shows preliminary evidence of validity and reliability, can be used to promote educational nutrition programs for sedentary and athletic populations.; Objectifs: Le but de cette étude était de développer et valider de manière préliminaire un instrument informatisé pour évaluer les attitudes et les comportements alimentaires, le virtual self-service restaurant (VSSR). L’amélioration des mesures de l’autorégulation des comportements alimentaires devrait permettre de mieux accompagner les individus en général, et les athlètes en particulier, en mettant en œuvre des programmes d’intervention et de prévention adaptés.Résultats: Cette interface permet d’évaluer le métabolisme basal de l’individu, la dépense énergétique liée à l’activité physique, la dépense énergétique globale, l’apport énergétique global (i.e., différence entre les dépenses et les apports énergétiques), et la répartition de l’apport alimentaire au cours de la journée. La validité du self virtuel a été examinée auprès de quatre populations. Les validités interne et externe du VSSR se sont révélées satisfaisantes.Conclusion: Cet instrument qui a démontré des premiers indicateurs de validité et de fiabilité, pourra être utilisé pour promouvoir des programmes d’éducation nutritionnelle auprès de populations sédentaires ou sportives.

Introduction The influence of achievement goals on eating attitudes has mainly been examined through correlational studies (e.g., De Bruin, Bakker, & Oudejans, 2009; Duda & Kim, 1997 ), and none of the studies to date has focused on the self-regulation of eating attitudes in athletes. The present study experimentally tested the effects of achievement goals on both self-reported (Study 1) and behavioral indices (Study 2) of the self-regulation of eating attitudes in female figure skaters. Method Elite female figure skaters (Study 1: n = 44; Study 2: n = 54) were randomly assigned to one of four conditions designed to induce specific goal involvement (performance-approach, mastery-approach, performance-avoidance, and mastery-avoidance) or a control condition (no goal induction). The participants in Study 1 completed the Self-Regulation of Eating Attitudes in Sport Scale ( SREASS , Scoffier, Corrion, Paquet, & Arripe-Longueville, 2010 ) and those in Study 2 completed a virtual behavioral measure of self-regulation of eating attitudes ( VSSR ; Scoffier, 2009 ). Results Variance analyses indicated that induced mastery-approach goals and performance-avoidance goals resulted in higher scores for self-regulation of eating attitudes than induced performance-approach goals and mastery-avoidance goals. The relationships were the same at both self-reported and behavioral levels. Discussion This experimental study confirms the findings of previous correlational works and shows that achievement goals contribute to the causal processes of self-regulation of eating attitudes. These findings might help to prevent eating disorders in female athletes by providing guidance for the development of adapted motivational strategies.

Resume L’objet de cette etude etait de developper et valider en langue francaise une echelle courte mesurant le desengagement moral en sport en langue francaise (ECDMS), et de tester son invariance selon le genre. L’outil a ete developpe sur la base de la litterature existante (Bandura et al. [2001,2003]) [6] , [7] . Trois etudes complementaires ont ete realisees aupres de 1305 etudiants. Dans la premiere etude, l’analyse factorielle d’une premiere version de l’ECDMS a permis d’identifier deux sous-echelles de trois items (i.e., rejet ou partage de responsabilite [RPR] ; minimisation [MIN] des transgressions et de leurs consequences) presentant de bonnes consistances internes. La deuxieme etude a confirme la structure bifactorielle de l’instrument et a montre son invariance partielle selon le genre. Enfin, la troisieme etude a montre la fidelite temporelle et la validite theorique de l’instrument au travers de ses relations avec d’autres construits mesurant l’autoregulation des affects ou les comportements prosociaux des individus (Boardley et Kavussanu [2007] et Corrion et al. [2009]) [9] , [14] . Au final, l’ECDMS apparait comme un instrument presentant de bonnes qualites psychometriques et constitue un outil en langue francaise pouvant ouvrir la voie a de futures recherches sur le desengagement moral d’adolescents ou d’adultes sportifs.

This study extends previous psychosocial literature (Bandura et al., 2001, 2003) by examining a structural model of the self-regulatory mechanisms governing the acceptability and likelihood of cheating in a sport context. Male and female adolescents (N = 804), aged 15–20 years, took part in this study. Negative affective self-regulatory efficacy influenced the acceptability and likelihood of cheating through the mediating role of moral disengagement, in females and males. Affective efficacy positively influenced prosocial behavior through moral disengagement or through resistive self-regulatory efficacy and social efficacy, in both groups. The direct effects of affective efficacy on beliefs about cheating were only evident in females. These results extend the findings of Bandura et al. (2001, 2003) to the sport context and suggest that affective and resistive self-regulatory efficacy operate in concert in governing adolescents’ moral disengagement and transgressive behaviors in sport.

International audience; This study examined the influence of locus of control on disordered eating as mediated by the self-regulation of eating attitudes. The assessment instruments were adapted for athletes as the entire sample of 179 volunteer University students (M(age)=21.12; SD=2.87) were all regularly involved in competition. The results showed that (a) an internal locus of control had a positive influence on the self-regulation of eating attitudes in social interaction contexts; (b) self-regulatory eating attitudes had a negative influence on disordered eating in contexts of negative affect, social interaction, and lack of anticipation of consequences on performance; and (c) an internal locus of control had an influence on disordered eating through the mediation of self-regulatory eating attitudes in social interaction contexts, and an external locus of control attributed to the coach and sports friends had an influence on disordered eating through the mediation of self-regulatory eating attitudes in contexts of negative affect, social interaction and lack of anticipation of consequences on performance. This study, combined with an earlier study from Scoffier, Maïano, and d'Arripe-Longueville (2009) on the antecedents of athletes' eating disorders, suggests the powerful impact of the social environment on the development of disordered eating in athletes.

Objective: The purpose of the study was to examine the effects of social relationships (i.e., coach, friends, and parents) and acceptance (i.e., peers) on disturbed eating attitudes (DEAs) in elite adolescent female athletes, through the mediating role of physical self-perception (i.e., perceived physical appearance and perceived physical ability). Method: The sample comprised 227 elite adolescent female athletes (Mage = 15.75; SDage = 3.00) engaged in various esthetic sports. The data was analyzed using structural equation modeling method and mediation analysis. Results: They showed that peer acceptance and quality of parent–athlete relationships have a significant negative influence on DEA in elite adolescent female athletes. Moreover, the quality of relationship with the coach and sport friend has a significant positive influence on DEA in female athletes through the mediating role of perceived physical ability. Discussion: The quality of relationship with parents and peer acceptance would be a protective factor regarding DEA, whereas the quality of relationships with coach and friend in sport would be risk factors for the development of DEA in adolescent female athletes through the mediating role of perceived physical ability. Recommendations for future use of, and research on, activities are outlined. The effects of social relationships and acceptance on DEA in elite adolescent female athletes: the mediating role of physical self-perceptions. © 2009 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 2010.

International audience; The main aim of the present series of studies was to test the factor validity and reliability of the Sport Friendship Quality Scale (SFQS; Weiss & Smith, 1999) in a French adolescent sample. Four studies, involving a total sample of 589 participants , were performed in order to translate items from the SFQS into French (SFQS-FR) and evaluate their clarity (Study 1) and to assess (a) the concurrent validity (Study 2), (b) the factor validity and reliability (Study 3), and (c) the temporal stability (Study 4) of the SFQS-FR. Study 1 provided support for the item content of the preliminary version of the SFQS-FR for adolescents. Study 2 supported the convergent validity of both the SFQS and SFQS-FR. Finally, Studies 3 and 4 provided (a) support for the factorial structure and reliability (i.e., internal consistency and temporal stability) of a seven-factor model of the SFQS-FR, (b) partial support for the factorial invariance for the aforementioned model across gender and age, and (c) support and partial support for the latent mean invariance of the seven-factor model across age and gender, respectively. The present results thus provide preliminary evidence for the appropriateness of the SFQS-FR for adolescents. Nevertheless , further evaluation of this instrument is warranted to establish the robust-ness of the present findings.

International audience; Given the specific issues and social influences pertaining to eating behaviors, the existing tools have obvious limits and may only suggest the emergence or prevalence of a disorder. Thus, the development and validation of a specific tool, such as a virtual interface allowing subjects to project their eating habits, seemed necessary to better assess, explain and prevent eating disorders, especially among athletes. The aim of this study was thus to develop a computerized instrument to assess eating attitudes and behaviors, the “virtual self-service restaurant”, with which individuals can select foods for virtual meals using a graphical user interface. This interface enables the assessment of the individual’s (a) basal metabolism, (b) energy use related to physical activity, (c) global energy use, (d) global energy intake, (e) difference between energy use and intake, and (f) distribution of food intake over the day. The validity of the virtual restaurant was verified among four populations (i.e., adolescents, adolescent athletes in sports carrying a high risk of eating disorders, adolescent athletes in other sports, and adults). Satisfactory internal and external validity of the virtual self-service restaurant were found. This valid and reliable instrument can be used to promote educational nutrition programs for sedentary and athletic populations. In the sport context, this tool could help athletes to focus on personal nutritional needs based on day-to-day changes in the schedule of training intensity and volume. Finally, an important point is that little time is needed for the virtual self-service restaurant, making it compatible with the busiest schedules, such as those of elite athletes.

International audience; Dancers are at high risk of developing disordered eating attitudes, notably because of internalized thinness norms. Although the big five personality traits have been shown to be associated with eating attitudes in daily life, in dancers where eating issues and thinness norms internalization could be salient little is known about these associations and the role of the internalization of thinness norms in this relationship. The main objectives of this study were thus to examine the relationships between the personality traits defined in the big five model and the self-regulation of eating attitudes, and to assess the role of internalized thinness norms in this association. The study included 180 intensively training dancers with an average age of 15.6 years (SD = 2.8). Dancers completed questionnaires measuring the big five personality traits, internalization of thinness norms and self-regulation of eating attitudes in sport. Bootstrapped mediation analyses showed that neuroticism was negatively associated with self-regulation of eating attitudes, both directly and indirectly through the mediating role of internalized thinness norms. This study suggested that: (a) neuroticism is a vulnerability factor for self-regulation of eating attitudes in dancers, as already evidenced in the general population, and (b) the internalization of thinness norms is a pathway through which neuroticism affects self-regulation of eating attitudes. The big five model is therefore partially related to the internalization of thinness norms and eating attitudes in dancers. Key pointsThe big five model relates to the internalization of thinness norms and eating attitudes in dancers.Neuroticism is negatively related to the self-regulation of eating attitudes.The internalization of thinness norms is correlated to the relationship between neuroticism and self-regulation of eating attitudes.