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International audience; AIM: to investigate whether an endoscopy-based management could prevent the long-term risk of postoperative recurrence. METHODS: From the pathology department database, we retrospectively retrieved the data of all the patients operated on for Crohn's disease (CD) in our center (1986-2015). Endoscopy-based management was defined as systematic postoperative colonoscopy (median time after surgery = 9.5 mo) in patients with no clinical postoperative recurrence at the time of endoscopy. RESULTS: From 205 patients who underwent surgery, 161 patients (follow-up > 6 mo) were included. Endoscopic postoperative recurrence occurred in 67.6%, 79.7%, and 95.5% of the patients, respectively 5, 10 and 20 years after surgery. The rate of clinical postoperative recurrence was 61.4%, 75.9%, and 92.5% at 5, 10 and 20 years, respectively. The rate of surgical postoperative recurrence was 19.0%, 38.9% and 64.7%, respectively, 5, 10 and 20 years after surgery. In multivariate analysis, previous intestinal resection, prior exposure to anti-TNF therapy before surgery, and fistulizing phenotype (B3) were postoperative risk factors. Previous perianal abscess/fistula (other perianal lesions excluded), were predictive of only symptomatic recurrence. In multivariate analysis, an endoscopy-based management (n = 49/161) prevented clinical (HR = 0.4, 95% CI: 0.25-0.66, p < 0.001) and surgical postoperative recurrence (HR = 0.30, 95% CI: 0.13-0.70, p = 0.006). CONCLUSION: Endoscopy-based management should be recommended in all CD patients within the first year after surgery as it highly decreases the long-term risk of clinical recurrence and reoperation.

Background As surgical resection is not curative in Crohn's disease, postoperative recurrence remains a crucial issue. The selection of patients, according to available risk factors, remains disappointing in clinical practice highlighting the need for better criteria, such as histologic features. Aims To investigate whether submucosal and myenteric plexitis increase the risk of endoscopic, clinical and surgical postoperative recurrence in Crohn's disease. Methods From the pathology department database, we retrospectively retrieved the data of all the patients who have undergone ileocolonic resection for Crohn's disease. Two pathologists, blinded from clinical data, reviewed all specimens to evaluate the presence of plexitis at the proximal resection margin. Results Of the 75 included CD patients, 19 (25.3%) had histological involvement of resection margin. Inflammatory cells count for myenteric and submucosal plexus were performed in 56 patients. In multivariate analysis, the myenteric plexitis was a risk factor for endoscopic postoperative recurrence (HR 8.83 CI 95% [1.6–48.6], p = 0.012), and the presence of at least one myenteric lymphocyte (HR 4.02 CI 95% [1.4–11.2], p = 0.008) was predictive of clinical postoperative recurrence. We observed no histologic predictor for surgical postoperative recurrence. Conclusion Myenteric plexitis in proximal margins of ileocolonic resection specimens is independently associated with endoscopic and clinical postoperative recurrence in Crohn's disease.