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Analysis of SNPs on the Z sex chromosome is thought to be a useful approach to estimate genetic diversity and genetic relationships in chicken populations. The objective of this research was to analyze the genetic diversity and genetic relationship of Indonesian native chicken populations. Here, we genotyped six unlinked SNP loci on the Z chromosome of 103 hens and 85 cocks from the four populations of Indonesian native chickens: Black Kedu (BK), Kedu (KD), Kampung (LOC), and Arab (AR). Genetic diversity and matrix pairwise distance FST were computed for 23 BK, 116 LOC, 20 AR, and 29 KD chickens. Average expected heterozygosity was greater in LOC and KD than BK and AR. The lowest pairwise FST value was estimated at 0.028 (P

1. 1. Ca 2+ concentration in blood plasma and Ca 2+ -ATPase activity in epiphysis of tibia at 3 and 15 weeks of age were compared among three quail lines (LL, RR and SS) selected for body weight. 2. 2. The Ca 2+ concentrations in blood plasma were higher in order of LL, RR and SS at 3 and 15 weeks of age in both sexes. Ca 2+ concentrations in blood plasma at 3 weeks of age were lower than those of 15 weeks of age in both sexes. 3. 3. At 15 weeks of age, the concentration of females was significantly higher than that of males in all lines. 4. 4. The activities of Ca 2+ -ATPase in epiphysis of tibia was higher in order of SS, RR and LL at both ages and in both sexes. 5. 5. The activities of Ca 2+ -ATPase at 3 weeks of age were significantly higher than those of 15 weeks of age in all lines. 6.li] These results suggest that the selection for body weight changed the concentration of Ca 2+ in blood plasma and the activities of Ca 2+ -ATPase in epiphysis of tibia, parallel to the change of tibia length.

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