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Background and objective: Periodontitis and dental caries are among the most prevalent oral diseases, with chronic periodontitis being a multifactorial, infectious condition that leads to inflammation in the supporting structures of the teeth, progressive attachment loss, and bone resorption. Chronic periodontitis is driven by a consortium of pathogenic microorganisms. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of virgin coconut oil (VCO) pulling in reducing the microbial load and inflammatory mediators responsible for chronic periodontitis, in comparison to chlorhexidine (CHX) mouthwash and distilled water. Methods: Thirty patients diagnosed with chronic periodontitis were randomly allocated into three groups. Group A served as the control and used distilled water for oral rinsing, Group B used chlorhexidine mouthwash, and Group C performed oil pulling with virgin coconut oil. Pre-operative subgingival plaque samples were collected from all participants, followed by complete scaling and root planing. Post-operative samples were collected after four weeks. Both pre- and post-treatment samples were subjected to real-time PCR (rtPCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to quantify viral and bacterial loads, as well as levels of key inflammatory mediators. Results: A significant reduction in viral load, bacterial load, and inflammatory mediators was observed in both the VCO and CHX groups compared to the distilled water group. The reductions in the VCO and CHX groups were statistically significant, with comparable efficacy between the two interventions. Conclusion: Virgin coconut oil pulling demonstrated a significant reduction in microbial and inflammatory markers in patients with chronic periodontitis, showing similar efficacy to chlorhexidine mouthwash. Given its comparable therapeutic effects and reduced side effect profile, VCO presents a viable alternative to chlorhexidine for managing chronic periodontitis.

This community service aims to improve the competence of teachers in making educational website-based learning evaluations through the Kahoot and Quizizz applications. The method of implementing this service uses training conducted online and offline with presentation and tutorial techniques. The training was attended by 30 teachers from PAUD, MTs, and MA Madrasah Al Misbahul Ulum Qur'an, Cikereteg, Bogor. This service evaluation instrument uses pre-test and post-test questionnaires which are then analyzed using percentage techniques. The results of this community service activity show that there is an increase in the understanding of madrasah teachers at the Madrasah Al Misbahul Ulum Qur'an, Bogor regarding making educational website-based learning evaluations using the Kahoot and Quizizz applications. In addition, teachers can make learning evaluations using Kahoot and Quizizz for the subjects they teach.

Rice phenology information is important in supporting planning systems, land management, and making the right decisions to sustainably carry out rice production. This study aimed to determine the best rice phenology classification model by combining VV and VH polarizations on Sentinel-1 images, which produce polarization indices such as the ratio polarization index (RPI), normalized different polarization index (NDPI), and average polarization index (API) using the ensemble random forest (RF) using the Google Earth Engine (GEE) application. This research was conducted in the rice fields of PT Sang Hyang Seri, Subang Regency, West Java. The research data comprised Sentinel-1 SAR GRD satellite imagery data with acquisition modes interferometric wide swath (IW) for 2021–2022 obtained from the GEE platform. In this study, the performance of two machine learning methods for classification was compared: classification and regression trees (CART) and RF. This study found that the best rice phase classification model could be acquired from the RF method with four predictors, namely, API, RPI, NDPI, and slope, with a statistical value of kappa of 98.22%. The RF classification model has better accuracy than the CART classification model.

Rembang Regency has little annual rainfall, ranging from 1,000 to 2,000 mm. The Capluk Watershed in Rembang is the only one with a discharge station. The average rainfall of the watershed in 2011 to 2020 is relatively low (1,877 mm/year). Moors are the dominant land use in the watershed, so the watershed is prone to drought. This study aims to assess the water balance and land use planning to reduce water deficits. The FJ Mock modeling method is used to understand hydrological phenomena, where the results can help manage water resources by regulating land use by utilizing the exposed surface parameters in the model. The results show that the demand for water in the watershed for the 2011 to 2020 period reaches an average of 49,151,012 m3/year, while the availability of water is 132,512,172 m3/year. This condition shows that the total water balance experiences an average surplus of 83,361,160 m3/year but experiences a deficit in the dry season, an average of 3,452,278 m3/year. For land use planning, scenario 5 (a combination of regionalspatial plan maps, forest area maps, general plan for forest and land rehabilitation maps, and land use in 2020) is the best in reducing the water deficit by 20,383,274 m3 or can lower the water deficit to 4,957,173 m3.

This study aims to obtain information about French Language Education Study Program students' perception of using multimodal texts in Réception Écrite (RE) learning or reading, followed by a needs analysis of multimodal text-based teaching materials. Réception Écrite learning is currently carried out using the book Alter Ego Plus A1. The book is not multimodal. Therefore, it is necessary to develop teaching materials for multimodal-based Réception Écrite courses. Questionnaires were employed to get students' perceptions of the need for multimodal-based Réception Écrite teaching materials. The respondents to this questionnaire were 40 students for the 2021 academic year. The questionnaire employed has been validated by experts. The data obtained from the questionnaire were analyzed using descriptive statistics by calculating percentages. Generally, students already knew and understood a multimodal text. However, in the Réception Écrite course, only 40% of students studied multimodal texts. Students agreed to the use of multimodal texts. They needed multimodal-based Reception Ecrite teaching materials because, currently, there were no multimodal-based textbooks in the French Language Education Study Program. The development of multimodal-based teaching materials in the Réception Écrite course in the French Language Education Study Program must be carried out because this learning provides many benefits to students and lecturers. Benefits for students include interesting, easy to understand, not boring, encouraging students, fun, and others

This study aims to determine the effect of learning quality, time management and social support on the academic achievement of postgraduate students of UIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang. The method used in analysing research data is descriptive quantitative with a sample of 80 students. The sampling technique used is Non Probability Sampling technique. The results showed the Wald test results with a significance value of learning quality of 0.000 and social support of 0.021 smaller than the value of the error rate of 0.05. While time management with a significance value of 0.348 is greater than the error rate value of 0.05, meaning that time management has no correlation and has no significant effect on student academic achievement. The odds ratio value of learning quality (X1) is 18.283, this indicates that learning quality has an influence of 18.283 times greater on student academic achievement. Then the Odds ratio value of social support (X3) is 3.061, this shows that the effect of social support on student academic achievement is 3.061 times greater than if there is no social support. Meanwhile, variable (X2), namely time management, has no influence on student academic achievement. This is caused by students who do not have self-management skills or the ability to manage time. The implications of learning quality can be seen from students' understanding of the material presented, honing the courage to express opinions, increasing confidence in answering or asking questions and mental readiness and competence. The implication of social support is to reduce student stress and psychological pressure that can affect their academic performance.

The research aims to determine the effect of Halal awareness, Halal certification, and social Servicescape on the purchase intention of Halal food, which is mediated by attitude towards Japanese food products. The research was conducted on 256 respondents who like Japanese ramen noodles. The determination of purposive sampling technique is used in this research. The research approach is the Structural Equation Model (SEM) with Smart-PLS analysis tool. The intention to buy Halal Food still needs to be considered in several aspects, such as certification, Halal Awareness, and social services, to lead the attitude to decide to buy Halal foods. The research is only focused on one Japanese restaurant, while the object of the study still needs to be comprehensive. In the next few years, it is hoped that the government will increase the counseling related to the “Indonesia is going to be the center of world’s Halal” program and decide on new, more exciting programs related to the Halal Industry. Furthermore, producers encourage companies to implement more stringent processes for security, cleanliness, and the packaging process for goods distribution to be marketed. The value of this research is to determine the consumers' trust in continuing to visit Japanese restaurants, though there needs to be more clarity on the restaurant's Halal certification.

The rapid development of information technology encourages small and medium enterprises (SMEs) to accelerate digital transformation to increase their sustainable competitiveness. However, improved entrepreneurial skills must also support technology readiness to adopt e-commerce. This study aims to analyze the influence of entrepreneurial skills and e-commerce, which mediate the factors of technology readiness, top management support, and competitive pressure, on SME performance. The partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) was applied to estimate the research model on data from 520 respondents who actively use e-commerce in their business activities in Jakarta, Indonesia. Data were obtained by distributing questionnaires directly to SME. The results showed that entrepreneurial skills and e-commerce adoption positively affect SME performance. Furthermore, technology readiness, top management support, and competitive pressure positively affect e-commerce adoption and have implications for improving SME performance. Finally, this paper provides recommendations for SME managers and practitioners to improve business performance: e.g., they should enhance their entrepreneurial skills and increase e-commerce adoption for operational efficiency.

This article explores the needs of Chinese beginner learners regarding a pocket guide to using Chinese social deixis. The method used is descriptive qualitative with data collection techniques in the form of questionnaires. The questionnaire was distributed through Google Forms to 40 first and second-semester students or the equivalent of CEFR A1 and A2 standards or HSK levels 1 and 2 in the Chinese Language Education Study Program at the State University of Jakarta. The results of this study are 73.1% of students have a non-Chinese background, and 92.9% of students' parents do not speak Chinese, so students can only learn Chinese in the campus environment. 53.8% of students have difficulty translating and interpreting social deixis that appears in texts and dialogues. In Chinese communication, 65.4% of students feel insecure about the accuracy of the greetings they use. 96.6% of students stated that they needed a guidebook for using social deixis by compiling a list of greeting words based on the textbook's chapter order.

Industri Film bukan hanya industri atau pusat hiburan semata melainkan menjadi pusat bisnis global. Popularitas atau kesuksesan film box office selalu menjadi perhatian di seluruh dunia. Data kesuksesan atau popularitas film saat ini tersedia secara online. IMDb merupakan satu dari sekian situs daring penyedia informasi yang berkaitan dengan film, acara televisi, yang meliputi sinopsis, daftar pemain, ulasan penilaian, dan tentunya pemberian rating film. Keberhasilan film dapat ditandai dengan perolehan rating yang tinggi. Prediksi rating film menjadi topik menarik untuk menilai keberhasilan film baik yang telah diproduksi maupun yang belum diproduksi. Pada penelitian ini, dilakukan prediksi nilai rating film menggunakan metode decision tree. Hasil dari penelitian ini diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa atribut popularitas film dan nilai vote user pada laman IMDb berpengaruh terhadap nilai rating film. Nilai akurasi penggunaan model decision tree pada data training, validasi dan testing bertuturt – turut adalah 0,7529, 0,7237 dan 0,7079. Abstract The film industry is not just an industry or entertainment but also a global business center. The popularity or success of box office movies has always been a concern around the world. Data on the success or popularity of a movie is currently available online. IMDb is one of the many online sites that provide information related to movies, television shows, which include synopsis, cast lists, rating reviews, and of course movie rating assignments. Prediction of movie ratings is an interesting topic to assess the success of films that have been produced and those that have not been produced. Prediction of movie ratings values can be modeled through machine learning using the decision tree model. From this research, it can be concluded that the popularity of the film and the value of user votes on the IMDb page have an effect on the film rating value. The accuracy values of using the descision tree model in training data, validation and testing are respectively 0.7529, 0.7237 and 0.7079.

This study aims to describe the problems in the application of French as a language used to communicate in the school environment, the level of active French language skills, and also the level of need for the development of multimedia learning French to further practice speaking skills in French carried out by students in the school environment. This research was a descriptive qualitative research with 60 student needs evaluation questionnaires of French language learning multimedia, interviewed the headmaster, and two French teachers. The sample of this research is the principal, French teacher and also students at SDIT Ar-Raudhah, Bekasi from the third until the sixth grade who were selected using random sampling method. The data was collected by interviewing the principal and also the French teacher. In addition, a questionnaire or open questionnaire was given to students. The data that has been collected is then analyzed using qualitative descriptive techniques. The results of research showed that there was a decline in the practice of speaking French in the school environment caused by various problems faced by students, such as the difficulty of students understanding French material and grammar, lack of confidence from students to communicate using French, there is no firmness from the school on the rules made in improving the ability of students to communicate using French and learning support media that are still incomplete to be used by students in improving their ability to communicate using French. This shows that the level of development need for multimedia in learning French, especially in the aspect of speaking skills is very high, thus requiring schools to be able to provide facilities that use multimedia in the French language learning process at SDIT Ar-Raudhah.

The purpose of this study was to describe the superior intelligence quotient (IQ) category students' visuospatial reasoning. This research was conducted at MAN 1 Trenggalek because the school had already conducted an IQ test. This research uses a qualitative approach with a descriptive exploratory type. The subjects in this study were students who had already done an IQ test with a superior IQ. This study will describe 2 subjects based on relatively the same tendency. Data collection techniques used documentary studies on IQ, test questions, think aloud, and semi-structured interviews. The data analysis in this study refers to Tversky B's research on visuospatial reasoning. The validity of the data in this study used technical triangulation. The results of this study indicate that students with superior IQ are able to meet the indicators of visuospatial reasoning, namely external representation, analysis, synthesis and conclusions as a whole. This is indicated by students with superior IQ who are able to complete the questions according to the procedure and completely.

The Micro, Small, and Medium industries (MSMI) have an essential role as a driver of the economy in Indonesia. The sector MSMI opportunities can provide employment that can reduce unemployment and contribute to Gross Domestic Product (GDP). In addition, several types of products from this sector through exports contribute to generating foreign exchange. The objectives of this study: 1) analyze the direct and indirect effects of the business environment and business management on creativity and innovation and business success; 2) analyze the factors driving and inhibiting creativity and innovation; 3) analyze the factors driving and inhibiting business success: survey research methods and forms of descriptive and verification research. The research object of MSMI snack food in West Java Province was 150 respondents. Sampling using technique random sampling is based on areas that have the potential for industrial development (industrial centers) consisting of three areas, namely Bogor, Sukabumi, and Cianjur, which have a large number of MSMI with superior products that have potential and become priorities for development. This research used the analysis technique SEM or Structural Equation Modeling. The results show that there are direct and indirect effects of the business environment, business management on creativity and innovation as well as business success; the driving factors for creativity and innovation as well as business success are the business environment and business management.

The purpose of this study is to describe the mathematical problem solving of students in the superior intelligence quotient (IQ) category. This research was conducted at MAN 1 Trenggalek because the school had already conducted an IQ test. This study uses a qualitative approach with an exploratory descriptive type. The subjects in this study were students who had done an IQ test with a superior IQ. This study will describe 2 subjects based on relatively similar tendencies. Data collection techniques used documentation studies on IQ, math problem solving, think aloud, and semi-structured interviews. Data analysis in this study refers to Polya's research on mathematical problem solving. The validity of the data in this study used triangulation techniques. The results of this study indicate that students with superior IQ are able to fulfill the stages of solving mathematical problems, namely understanding the problem, planning strategies, implementing plans, and evaluating. It is shown that superior IQ students are able to solve problems according to problem solving procedures with the abilities possessed by superior IQ category students.

The 21st century demands the integration of 21st century skills in the curriculum. Therefore, French Language Education Study Program at Univeritas Negeri Jakarta developed a syllabus for Production Ecrite (PE) course or writing skills from semester I to semester IV. The initial step of the research was to analyze the PE syllabi from French Language Education Study Program of UNJ and 4 ex-IKIP universities having French Language Education Study Programs, such as Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesian, Universita Negeri Medan, and Universitas Negeri Semarang. The elements analyzed in the syllabi were the completeness of the RPS format for PE course and the analysis of the elements of the 21st century skills. The format of the RPS completeness refers to Permenristekdikti No. 44 of 2015, that an RPS must have an identity, learning outcomes, indicators, learning methods, time allocation, learning experience and criteria / indicators of rating weigth. Meanwhile, the elements of 21th century skills were seen through the existence of 4C elements, namely critical thinking & problem solving, creative & innovation, collaboration, and communication. The results of the analysis showed that the RPSs were good since it referred to Permenristekdikti No. 44 of 2015. However, some RPSs were not integrated with the 21st century skills.

In the field of tourism, serious games are a pedagogical media application that helps players develop travel knowledge and expertise based on game content. A tourism serious game requires a scenario control system to visualize an attractive travel scenario. This paper proposes an Automatic Scenario Control in the serious game to visualize travel recommendation scenarios choice according to the player’s expectations of potential tourism destinations criteria. There are two stages in system development, namely scenario design and scenario selection. In the scenario design stage, we use the Hierarchical Finite State Machine to translate challenge-based stories according to the type of attraction. While at the scenario selection stage, Dynamic Weight Topsis is a method for selecting one of the player’s recommended scenarios. This study uses tourism destinations recommendations as to alternative variables, characteristics of tourism destinations as criteria, and players’ expectations of tourism destinations’ characteristics as weight criteria. In the implementation phase, the tourism serious game uses the content of tourism destinations in Mojokerto Indonesia. The test results show that Automatic Scenario Control generates a preference value for each alternative as a reference for choosing tourism destination scenarios for the player. Three things affect the scenario choice results, including the choice of month of tourist visits, player expectations of tourist destinations, and alternative input from the recommender system.

The information technology in learning during this pandemic situation is very important, because we did online courses, while not all teachers, including French teachers, are ready to do online courses. In learning stage there are preliminary, core and closing stages. In the preliminary stage contains information about Core Competencies (KI) and Basic Competencies (KD) that will be discussed, motivating students, apperception, etc. The core activity stage is the stage of making students understand the material in various ways and various media. The closing stage is to provide an evaluation, exercise, or test. This research focuses on the closing stage, which using Kahoot in the evaluation stage. Because not all French teachers know about Kahoot, this Kahoot implementation training becomes needed. The results are Kahoot documents made by French vocational schoolteachers. Kahoot is made according to their needs. There are 8 Kahoot documents with various KI and KD.

The aim of this study was to determine the cultural translation errors in aspect of gender and racial discrimination in movies subtitles The Help and Hidden Figures. This study used a qualitative approach and content analysis method by Krippendorff (2004). This qualitative study was in descriptive qualitative approach. While content analysis use was conversational analysis. Conversation in both movies subtitles were used as data of the study especially the conversation which was the part of gender and racial discrimination. The finding of this study was in form of cultural translation errors in conversation that contained gender and racial discrimination. The result showed, there were four kinds of cultural translation errors in aspect of gender and racial discrimination in movies subtitles The Help and Hidden Figures. They were (1) word choices translation errors; (2) number translation errors; (3) translation errors in cultural material; and (4) translation errors in comprehended SL in the text. All the errors found influeced information and message that delivered to the viewers.

Madrasah students' mathematical connection skills need to be of particular concern in the process of learning mathematics. Connection skills are the base for students to connect concepts in mathematics, mathematical concepts with other science concepts and mathematical concepts with everyday life. One of the efforts made in overcoming this problem is to use e-learning. Descriptive quantitative research methods are used to see how effective e-learning is for students' mathematical connection abilities. A total of 30 students were selected as research samples for data collection. Data processing techniques were divided into control groups and subsequent experiments were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The results showed that the effectiveness of technology-based e-learning included moderate criteria with an ING score of 0.56, whereas the study group without e-learning included moderate criteria with an ING value of 0.29. In conclusion, there is an increase in student learning outcomes after using e-learning media. t-test was obtained > with 0.007

The rapid growth of internet usage has affected several sectors of human life, not least in the transportation sector. The implications of mobilizing the use of application-based transportation (GoJek) are now a trend among people to travel from one place to another. This condition illustrates that the intensity of the use of application-based transportation will have implications for the level of user satisfaction. The purpose of this study is to determine the contribution of price and consumer confidence to consumer satisfaction of users on the basis of application transportation. This research uses a case study model by involving students in one of the tertiary institutions in Pematang-siantar City. The number of samples in this study were 322 students obtained through non-probability sampling techniques with a purposive sampling method. Data collection uses an online questionnaire that is distributed to all samples in the form of a link (URL). Data analysis uses SEM test models consisting of measurement models and structural models. The results of research and hypothesis testing explain that price has a significant effect on user satisfaction of application-based applications. Furthermore, consumer confidence has a significant influence on user satisfaction based on application applications.

Self-concept that describes employee behavior at work called self-evaluation can affect performance and competitive advantage. This study aims to analyze the influence of self-evaluation (self-esteem, self-efficacy, locus of control, and self-monitoring) of the performance’s creative industry. The study used creative population industries. Sample researches were 40 persons as a manager or owner creative industry, proportional random sampling. The instrument test used validity and reliability test. Data were analyzed using multiple linear regressions were subsequently tested hypothesis by the F test and t-test. Based on multiple regressions analysis of the F test and t-test show that self-evaluation (self-esteem, self-efficacy, locus of control, and self-monitoring) simultaneously and partially have a positive and significant effect on performance of creative industry. No research was found on self-evaluation of the performance of creative industry entrepreneurs. Government policies in providing a sense of business security and training of creativity are urgently needed by creative industry players to face competition in imported products.

This study aims to analyze perceptions and expectations on SMIs and establish strategies and policies to develop SMI marketing performance. The sample used in this research was 200 SMIs registered in the Department of Industry and Trade of Bandung. The method used was quantitative methods, survey, and descriptive research. The data was collected through questionnaires and interviews with the Head of the Department of Industry and Trade and the business managers. The testsconducted werevalidity and reliability test,while the scale used was the Likert Scale. The strategy implementation was analysed using Importance Performance Analysis (IPA). The results of the study show that the performance of food and non-food SMIs could be improved and developed.therefore, SMIs have to do several things, namely developing their marketing goals, developing their marketing areas, setting prices according to the packaging, developing their marketing channels, and maintaining product characteristics. The method of marketing used by the sample is good. The strategies used by food and non-food SMIs lie on the top priority quadrants by making continuous improvements so that the level of marketing performance increases. The sample developed its marketing objectives and marketing areas by taking into account the desires and needs of consumers. The business managers of food and nonfood SMIs should: improve their marketing method through concepts, strategies, and market intelligence as well as maximize the use of the internet. Meanwhile, future researchers are suggested to expand research locations and add innovation and creativity variables to obtain better and comprehensive results.

This study aims at analyzing the translation of English passive sentences into Indonesian language, in terms of the meanings and equivalence which appear in the translation. The method used to analyze the data is a descriptive quantitative. The sample of this research is taken from five chapters of the novel Hunger Games: Mockingjay by Suzanne Collins. The result shows that the translation of passive sentences comes into several types of meanings: lexical meaning 37%, grammatical meaning 2%, textual meaning 5%, and contextual meaning 46%. The translation of passive sentences also falls into two types of equivalences: formal equivalence 35% and dynamic equivalence 60%. However, 5% belongs to no equivalent translation. In conclusion, the English passive sentences are mostly translated contextually so that the type of equivalence mostly appeared is dynamic equivalence. Hence, inventive ability, creativity, and experience are required to grasp the exact meaning of source text

Tulisan ini membahas mengenai rahasia bank terhadap harta bersama dalam perkawinan yang menjadi simpanan di bank. Artikel ini berpendirian bahwa menyangkut harta bersama berupa rekening di bank, tidak terdapat kewajiban bank untuk menjaga kerahasiaan rekening nasabah dari suami atau istri nasabah penyimpan tersebut. Argumen tersebut didasarkan pada pemikiran bahwa harta bersama dalam perkawinan adalah milik bersama antara suami dan istri (yang tidak mengadakan perjanjian pemisahan harta perkawinan), sehingga tidak ada kewajiban bank untuk menjaga kerahasiaan rekening (yang merupakan harta bersama) yang tersimpan pada suatu bank, dari suami atau istri nasabah penyimpan. Hal ini dilandaskan pada pemikiran bahwa sesungguhnya suami atau istri nasabah penyimpan juga berkedudukan sebagai pemilik atas harta yang tersimpan dalam rekening. Dengan demikian, secara prinsip hendaklah dipahami sebagai suatu kaidah bahwa seseorang tidak dapat dibatasi hak-nya untuk mengakses harta kekayaannya sendiri.

MSMEs have an important role to national development, so it needs to get the attention of government and society. This study aims to assesses the effect of government policy and the involvement of stakeholders (educational institutions, financial institutions, cooperatives, business associations, and NGOs) on the performance of MSMEs. This study uses a quantitative method, regression and correlation analysis. Results show that the government has paid special attention to MSMEs through Law No. 20 of 2008, as well as through the Cooperative and MSMEs service office. Involvement of stakeholders in training, coaching, mentoring, funding, and partnerships have played an important role in improving MSMEs performance. MSMEs hope that the government would amend laws and regulations, such as low taxes, simple bureaucracy and easy administrative procedures, would also assist their competitiveness. MSMEs also needs the sustainable involvement of stakeholders for their empowerment.

With the continuous miniaturization of electronic devices and the upcoming new technologies such as Artificial Intelligence (AI), Internet of Things (IoT), fifth-generation cellular networks (5G), etc., the electronics industry is achieving high-speed, high-performance, and high-density electronic packaging. Three-dimensional (3D) Si-chip stacking using through-Si-via (TSV) and solder bumping processes are the key interconnection technologies that satisfy the former requirements and receive the most attention from the electronic industries. This review mainly includes two directions to get a precise understanding, such as the TSV filling and solder bumping, and explores their reliability aspects. TSV filling addresses the DRIE (deep reactive ion etching) process, including the coating of functional layers on the TSV wall such as an insulating layer, adhesion layer, and seed layer, and TSV filling with molten solder. Solder bumping processes such as electroplating, solder ball bumping, paste printing, and solder injection on a Cu pillar are discussed. In the reliability part for TSV and solder bumping, the fabrication defects, internal stresses, intermetallic compounds, and shear strength are reviewed. These studies aimed to achieve a robust 3D integration technology effectively for future high-density electronics packaging.

Senior High School (SMA) is a school that provides French language lessons to students majoring in natural sciences and social sciences. There are also high schools that open special French class for students and some schools put French as a lesson for extra-curricular activities. From the analysis of the textbooks used by high school teachers, it is concluded that the textbooks / instructional materials that they use are less up to date and some are using compilation (compilation of texts drawn from various sources). Language teaching materials in the European Union are already equipped with Portfolio Européen des Langues (PEL) and of the literature found, PEL provides many benefits to learning foreign language. The benefit of PEL is not only for teachers but also for students. The above mentioned have been the reason to conduct this study, developing French teaching materials in high schools that integrate Portfolio Européen des langues (PEL) for French language learners in Indonesia. To initiate this study, the analysis of textbooks used by several high schools in Jakarta and surrounding areas had been conducted. Furthermore, it is then continued with the analysis of the needs of the PEL. To obtain the necessary data, this study uses interview questionnaire.The next step is to arrange French language teaching materials prototype for high school that integrates PEL. The prototype is reviewed by two experts in their field and have been revised, and then limited trials for high schools are conducted. How to CiteEkowati, S. H., & Purbarini, A. (2016). Developing French Teaching Materials in Senior High School by Integrating Portofolio Europeen des Langues (PEL). International Journal of Active Learning, 1(1).

The Multivariate Geographically Weighted Regression (MGWR) model is a development of the Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) model that takes into account spatial heterogeneity and autocorrelation error factors that are localized at each observation location. The MGWR model is assumed to be an error vector ε that distributed as a multivariate normally with zero vector mean and variance-covariance matrix Σ at each location ui,vi, which Σ is sized qxq for samples at the i-location. In this study, the estimated error variance-covariance parameters is obtained from the MGWR model using Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE) and Weighted Least Square (WLS) methods. The selection of the WLS method is based on the weighting function measured from the standard deviation of the distance vector between one observation location and another observation location. This test uses a statistical inference procedure by reducing the MGWR model equation so that the estimated error variance-covariance parameters meet the characteristics of unbiased. This study also provides researchers with an understanding of statistical inference procedures.

The study was designed to investigate the synergic effect of Ti and Sn in the active metal brazing of Al2O3 ceramic to copper brazed, using the multicomponent Ag-Cu-Zr filler alloy. Numerous fine and hexagonal-shaped rod-like ternary intermetallic (Zr, Ti)5Sn3 phase (L/D = 5.1 ± 0.8, measured in microns) were found dispersed in the Ag-Cu matrix of Ag-18Cu-6Sn-3Zr-1Ti alloy, along with the ternary CuZrSn intermetallic phases. An approximate 15° reduction in contact angle and 3.1 °C reduction in melting point are observed upon the incorporation of Ti and Sn in Ag-18Cu-3Zr filler. Interestingly, the interface microstructure of Al2O3/Cu joints brazed by using Ag-18Cu-6Sn-3Zr-1Ti filler shows a double reaction layer: a discontinuous Ti-rich layer consisting of (Cu, Al)3(Ti, Zr)3O, TiO, and in-situ Cu-(Ti, Zr) precipitates on the Al2O3 side and continuous Zr-rich layer consisting of ZrO2 on the filler side. The shear strength achieved in Al2O3/Cu joints brazed with Ag-18Cu-6Sn-3Zr-1Ti filler is 31% higher, compared to the joints brazed with Ag-18Cu-6Sn-3Zr filler. Failure analysis reveals a composite fracture mode indicating a strong interface bonding in Al2O3/Ag-18Cu-6Sn-3Zr-1Ti filler/Cu joints. The findings will be helpful towards the development of high entropy brazing fillers in the future.

Sn-based lead-free solders such as Sn-Ag-Cu, Sn-Cu, and Sn-Bi have been used extensively for a long time in the electronic packaging field. Recently, low-temperature Sn-Bi solder alloys attract much attention from industries for flexible printed circuit board (FPCB) applications. Low melting temperatures of Sn-Bi solders avoid warpage wherein printed circuit board and electronic parts deform or deviate from the initial state due to their thermal mismatch during soldering. However, the addition of alloying elements and nanoparticles Sn-Bi solders improves the melting temperature, wettability, microstructure, and mechanical properties. Improving the brittleness of the eutectic Sn-58wt%Bi solder alloy by grain refinement of the Bi-phase becomes a hot topic. In this paper, literature studies about melting temperature, microstructure, inter-metallic thickness, and mechanical properties of Sn-Bi solder alloys upon alloying and nanoparticle addition are reviewed.

This study investigates the shear strength and aging characteristics of Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu (SAC 305)/Cu joints by the addition of ZrO2 nanoparticles (NPs) having two different particle size: 5–15 nm (ZrO2A) and 70–90 nm (ZrO2B). Nanocomposite pastes were fabricated by mechanically mixing ZrO2 NPs and the solder paste. ZrO2 NPs decreased the β-Sn grain size and Ag3Sn intermetallic compound (IMC) in the matrix and reduced the Cu6Sn5 IMC thickness at the interface of lap shear SAC 305/Cu joints. The effect is pronounced for ZrO2A NPs added solder joint. The solder joints were isothermally aged at 175 °C for 24, 48, 144 and 256 h. NPs decreased the diffusion coefficient from 1.74 × 10–16 m/s to 3.83 × 10–17 m/s and 4.99 × 10–17 m/s for ZrO2A and ZrO2B NPs added SAC 305/Cu joints respectively. The shear strength of the solder joints decreased with the aging time due to an increase in the thickness of interfacial IMC and coarsening of Ag3Sn in the solder. However, higher shear strength exhibited by SAC 305-ZrO2A/Cu joints was attributed to the fine Ag3Sn IMC’s dispersed in the solder matrix. Fracture analysis of SAC 305-ZrO2A/Cu joints displayed mixed solder/IMC mode upon 256 h of aging.

Abstrak Motivasi dan religiusitas merupakan aspek penting tidak bisa dipisahkan dari kehidupan manusia. Motivasi dan religiusitas yang tinggi dapat meningkatkan aktivitas siswa dalam memilih orientasi kerja secara optimal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkap berbagai peran guru Bimbingan dan Konseling (BK) dalam meningkatkan motivasi dan religiusitas siswa terhadap orientasi kerja. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan metode wawancara mendalam. Teknik yang digunakan untuk pengambilan sampel yaitu purposive sampling. Teknik analisis data menggunakan model Miles & Huberman (1992), meliputi reduksi data, display data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Wawancara melibatkan 8 guru BK di SMKN 1 Depok Sleman, semester kedua tahun pelajaran 2016/2017. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa peran yang dilakukan oleh guru BK dalam meningkatkan motivasi dan religiusitas siswa terhadap orientasi kerja, antara lain: 1) guru BK sebagai fasilitator, 2) guru BK sebagai motivator, 3) guru BK sebagai director, dan 4) guru BK sebagai transmitter. Kata Kunci: Peran, Guru BK, Motivasi, Religiusitas, Orientasi Kerja

Constant Elasticity of Substitution (CES) production function is the intrinsic nonlinear regression models that are often used to estimate the data in an industry. Intrinsic nonlinear regression model is a kind of nonlinear regression that can not be linearized, so as to estimate the beta parameters nonlinear statistical model used was Nonlinear Least Squares (NLS) using a first order taylor series approach used in the Gauss Newton iteration. One of the problems often encountered in the analysis of data is an outlier, the presence of outliers in the data analysis greatly influence the results of the analysis so it becomes less valid and the estimation become biased. One method that is resistant to outliers regression is a method of Nonlinear Least Trimmed Squares. This research aims to determine the characteristics of parameter CES production function which contains outlier. The result shows that parameter of the production function CES which contains outliers are bias, inconsistent. So the CES production function which does not contain outliers better than the are contains outliers.

A case of congenital micrognathia and microglossia was observed between the ages of 6.5 and 8 years in a boy patient. The lower arch was extremely narrow and the tongue was extremely thin, small, and smooth. Speech disorder, absence of 13, 23, 32, 42, and severe overbite occlusion accompanied that case. The etiology in connection with the growth and development, the insertion of upper and lower prosthesis were discussed in this paper.

Maxillary central diastema in a child with deciduous or mixed dentition is common and normal, owing to the growth and development of the anterior segment of the upper jaw. However, if the central diastema persists after the permanent cuspids have erupted, the dentist, the dentist should clarify its aetiology and establish a conforming treatment. This report discusses a case in a 13 years old girl, in the beginning of permanent teeth period, with a central diastema due to a high attachment of the maxillary labial frenum. Cross bite anterior and midline shifting were also found in this patient. The treatment was frenectomy followed by orthodontic treatment. The closure of the diastema took place after one month of treatment. The orthodontic treatment has been continued to achieve the correct occlusion.

The purpose of this study was to observe the correlation between duration of bottle feeding and dental arch measurement in deciduous dentition. Duration of bottle feeding was divided into 4 groups: ≤ 24 months, 25 – 36 months, 37 – 48 months, and > 48 months. The subjects were 120 kindergarten pupils, aged 3 – 5 years old. Measurements was done on the models of maxilla and mandible with digital caliper for the width and length of dental arch and using flexible curve for dental arch circumference. Pearson correlation showed a weak association for anterior arch width (r=0.206), posterior arch width (r=0.195), and anterior circumference (r=0.206) of maxilla and posterior arch width (r=0.279), anterior circumference (r=0.226) of mandible. One-way Anova was performed to analyze the differences of dental arch measurements among duration of bottle-feeding groups. The results showed that there were significant differences of dental arch measurements for anterior arch width of maxilla, posterior arch width of mandible, and anterior circumference of mandible (p

Mixed Geographically Weigted Regression (MGWR) adalah pengembangan dari model regresi dimana terdapat parameter yang dihitung pada setiap lokasi pengamatan, sehingga setiap lokasi pengamatan mempunyai nilai parameter yang berbeda-beda, regresi yang demikian dinamakan Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR). Penaksir parameter untuk GWR ini menggunakan WLS, karena dalam GWR terdapat matriks pembobot yang dibutuhkan. Dengan MGWR akan menghasilkan penaksir parameter yang sebagian bersifat global dan sebagian lain bersifat lokal sesuai dengan lokasi pengamatan. Penaksir pada model MGWR dapat dilakukan dengan metode WLS. Selanjutnya diperlukan serangkaian prosedur untuk melakukan uji hipotesis terhadap parameter model yang dihasilkan. Uji hipotesis ini digunakan untuk kesesuaian model dan juga menentukan variabel bebas mana yang berpengaruh signifikan terhadap model.Dari hasil penelitian didapatkan model statistik uji dari model MGWR adalah statistik uji F dan uji t. Pada aplikasi GWR4 didapatkan bahwa dari ke tujuh variabel, ternyata kesehatan ibu dan kesehatan bayi yang signifikan mempengaruhi jumlah kematian bayi di Jawa Timur tahun 2012.Sehingga model yang didapatkan dari pengujian signifikansi model GWR pada data jumlah kematian bayi di Jawa Timur tahun 2012 menggunakan aplikasi GWR4 adalah: y=33,930030+465,611379X6−469,063181X7 Selain menggunakan statistik uji F dan uji t, dapat juga digunakan metode lainnya pada pengujian model MGWR. Estimasi parameter juga dapat menggunakan metode selain WLS, serta data yang sesuai dengan kebutuhan peneliti.

The purpose of this study was to determine the fluoride content differences in enamel of immature teeth with Glass Ionomer Cement Fuji IX and Ketac Molar filling.The subject for this study was 21 immature premolars teeth, and each tooth divided into 2 parts. The first part filled with Fuji IX (Fuji IX ART, GC) and the second part filled with Ketac Molar (KetacMolar ART, MI, 3M ESPE), so the samples were 21 Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectrophotometry analysis of Fuji IX and 21 Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectrophotometry analysis of Ketac molar. The measurement was done to the fluoride content in enamel of immature teeth using Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectrophotometry in percentage.This study using t-test, exhibited differences but no significant from the percentage of delta the fluoride content in enamel of immature teeth with Fuji IX and Ketac Molar filling (t=1,953 p > 0.05).DOI: 10.14693/jdi.v15i2.74

Phosphoric acid etching has been widely used to achieve a strong and long lasting mechanical bonding between composite resin restoration and tooth structure. The aim of this study was to evaluate the bond strength between the enamel of permanent teeth and the composite resin restoration by measuring the shear bond strength after different durations of etching. In total 27 premolar teeth were divided into 3 groups where the enamel of the buccal surface was etched with 37% phosphoric acid for 5″, 15″, and 25″ before placing the composite resin restoration. After keeping the teeth inside an incubator for 24 hours, the shear bond strength was measured using a universal testing machine Shimazu AG-5000 at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min. ANOVA was used for statistical analysis of the results, with p0.05). Conclusion: Shear bond strength of the composite resin on the permanent teeth enamel increased with increasing etching time. Significant difference was showed between 5″ and 25″ of etching time.DOI: 10.14693/jdi.v15i2.65

In this paper, a novel transient liquid phase bonding material was fabricated by consequent electroless plating of Cu and Sn on a multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT). The resulting Sn-Cu-MWCNT composites were used to join the Cu interconnects at 260°C. After 8 min of reflow time, a complete transformation of Cu3Sn intermetallic compound (IMC) occurred, leaving a Cu/MWCNT-Cu3Sn /Cu joint capable of withstanding the high operating temperature. Due to flake-like morphology, the Sn-Cu-MWCNT composite particles were well packed with lesser voids. The shear strength of the Cu/Cu3Sn-MWCNT/Cu joint was measured as 35.3 MPa, thus exhibiting the scope for replacing conventional transient liquid phase (TLP) powders in the future.

Dissimilar Al 3003 and Cu tubular components were successfully brazed without interface cracking using ZrO2 nanomaterials reinforced with Al-19Cu-11Si-2Sn filler. The filler was initially cast using an induction furnace and processed into ring form for brazing. Al-19Cu-11Si-2Sn filler with coarse CuAl2 and Si phases (43 and 20 μm) were refined to 8 and 4 μm, respectively, after the addition of 0.1 wt. % ZrO2 and shows significant improvement in the mechanical properties. ZrO2 nanomaterials’ induced diffusion controlled growth mechanism is found be the responsible for the refinement of CuAl2 intermetallic and Si particles. The wettability of Al-19Cu-11Si-2Sn-0.1ZrO2 increased to 78.17% on Cu side and 93.19% on the Al side compared from 74.8% and 89.9%, respectively. Increase in the yield strength, ultimate tensile strength, and percentage elongation were noted for the brazed joints. Microstructure of induction brazed joint with 40 kW for 6 seconds using Al-19Cu-11Si-2Sn-0.1ZrO2 filler shows thin interfacial CuAl2 intermetallic compound along the copper side and inter-diffusion region along the aluminum side and their respective mechanism is discussed. The tensile strength of the joints increased with increasing the nanomaterials addition and shows a base metal fracture. Analysis of fractured samples shows the effectiveness of ZrO2 reinforced filler in crack propagation through the filler.

Typhoid fever is a disease caused by Salmonella typhi bacteria. It is attack the digestive tract. Typhoid fever caused by poor sanitation and personal hygiene is not good. According to the Basic Health Research in 2007 showed that the prevalence of typhoid fever in Indonesia of 1.6%. NAD Province is hight typhoid fever prevalence(2,96 %). Because Having traced the biggest contributor was derived from NAD. Therefore, the research conducted to find factors that influence the outbreak of typhoid fever in NAD. research using the CART Method. The results of the analysis indicate that the main factor causing typhoid fever was drinking water reservoirs. The other factors are waste water reservoirs, the physical quality of drinking water, a habit washing hands with soap before eating, the bowel, the dump, gender, socioeconomic status, habits of washing hands with soap after defecation and health education.

Dalam analisis regresi linier berganda adanya satu atau lebih pengamatan pencilan (outlier) akan menimbulkan dilema bagi para peneliti. Keputusan untuk menghilangkan pencilan tersebut harus dilandasi alasan yang kuat, karena kadang-kadang pencilan dapat memberikan informasi penting yang diperlukan. Masalah outlier ini dapat diatasi dengan berbagai metode, diantaranya metode regresi ridge (ridge regression). Untuk mengetahui kekekaran regresi ridge perlu melihat nilai-nilai R2, PRESS, serta leverage (hii), untuk metode regresi ridge dengan berbagai nilai tetapan bias k yang dipilih.

Periodontitis and dental caries are among the most prevalent oral diseases, with chronic periodontitis being a multifactorial, infectious condition that leads to inflammation in the supporting structures of the teeth, progressive attachment loss, and bone resorption. Chronic periodontitis is driven by a consortium of pathogenic microorganisms. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of virgin coconut oil (VCO) pulling in reducing the microbial load and inflammatory mediators responsible for chronic periodontitis, in comparison to chlorhexidine (CHX) mouthwash and distilled water. Thirty patients diagnosed with chronic periodontitis were randomly allocated into three groups. Group A served as the control and used distilled water for oral rinsing, Group B used chlorhexidine mouthwash, and Group C performed oil pulling with virgin coconut oil. Pre-operative subgingival plaque samples were collected from all participants, followed by complete scaling and root planing. Post-operative samples were collected after four weeks. Both pre- and post-treatment samples were subjected to real-time PCR (rtPCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to quantify viral and bacterial loads, as well as levels of key inflammatory mediators. A significant reduction in viral load, bacterial load, and inflammatory mediators was observed in both the VCO and CHX groups compared to the distilled water group. The reductions in the VCO and CHX groups were statistically significant, with comparable efficacy between the two interventions. Virgin coconut oil pulling demonstrated a significant reduction in microbial and inflammatory markers in patients with chronic periodontitis, showing similar efficacy to chlorhexidine mouthwash. Given its comparable therapeutic effects and reduced side effect profile, VCO presents a viable alternative to chlorhexidine for managing chronic periodontitis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]