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Abstract The prevalence of stunting in Indonesia remains alarmingly high, with West Kalimantan being one of the provinces with significant rates. One of the contributing factors is the limited parental knowledge of nutritional needs during pregnancy, compounded by the persistent practice of early marriage. This study aims to analyze the relationship between early marriage practices and stunting prevalence in Singkawang, West Kalimantan, while exploring the potential integration of a gender-sensitive curriculum as a preventive strategy. This qualitative study employs a case study approach. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, focus group discussions (FGDs), and participatory observations involving parents, school-aged adolescents, university students, and community leaders in Singkawang. Thematic analysis was conducted to identify patterns linking early marriage practices with stunting prevalence and to formulate key elements for a relevant gender-sensitive curriculum. The findings reveal that early marriage directly impacts stunting prevalence through the inadequate biological and psychological readiness of adolescent girls for pregnancy and childbirth. Additionally, limited access to reproductive health and nutritional information exacerbates this risk. The study highlights the critical role of a gender-sensitive curriculum as a preventive intervention to enhance awareness among adolescents and parents about the impact of early marriage on stunting. This research contributes to the development of education-based strategies to reduce stunting prevalence, particularly through the implementation of gender-sensitive curricula in secondary schools. The study's implications include improving maternal and child health outcomes and supporting the achievement of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) related to health and education.. Keywords: stunting, early marriage, West Kalimantan, gender-sensitive curriculum Abstrak Angka prevalensi stunting di Indonesia masih tergolong tinggi, termasuk di Kalimantan Barat sebagai salah satu provinsi dengan angka prevalensi yang signifikan. Salah satu faktor penyebabnya adalah kurangnya pengetahuan orang tua mengenai kebutuhan gizi selama kehamilan, ditambah dengan masih maraknya praktik pernikahan usia dini. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan antara praktik pernikahan usia dini dan prevalensi stunting di Singkawang, Kalimantan Barat, serta mengeksplorasi potensi integrasi kurikulum berwawasan gender sebagai strategi pencegahan. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode studi kasus. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara mendalam, diskusi kelompok terarah (FGD), dan observasi partisipatif yang melibatkan orang tua, remaja sekolah, mahasiswa, dan tokoh masyarakat di Singkawang. Analisis data dilakukan secara tematik untuk mengidentifikasi pola hubungan antara praktik pernikahan usia dini dan prevalensi stunting, serta untuk merumuskan elemen-elemen utama kurikulum berwawasan gender yang relevan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pernikahan usia dini memiliki dampak langsung terhadap prevalensi stunting melalui mekanisme kurangnya kesiapan biologis dan psikologis remaja perempuan untuk hamil dan melahirkan. Selain itu, keterbatasan akses terhadap informasi kesehatan reproduksi dan gizi juga memperburuk risiko ini. Temuan ini mengindikasikan pentingnya kurikulum berwawasan gender sebagai intervensi preventif untuk meningkatkan kesadaran remaja dan orang tua mengenai dampak pernikahan usia dini terhadap stunting. Penelitian ini berkontribusi dalam pengembangan strategi berbasis pendidikan untuk menurunkan prevalensi stunting, khususnya melalui implementasi kurikulum berwawasan gender di sekolah menengah. Implikasi dari penelitian ini mencakup peningkatan kesehatan ibu dan anak serta pencapaian target Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) di bidang kesehatan dan pendidikan. Kata kunci: stunting, pernikahan usia dini, Kalimantan Barat, kurikulum berwawasan gender

AbstractThe significant factors influencing the perception of the public towards the “risk” concept are cultural values, social and traditional beliefs that form public views towards risk situations. Taking the cue from previous research on risk communication management in Asia, the present study discusses how administrative regional governments such as Surabaya City and the East Java Provincial authorities in Indonesia have conceptualized risk management. It pertains to how risk, particularly the COVID-19 vaccine, is assessed, regulated, and controlled in these places. Since communication and guidelines regarding the vaccine play an important role in any stage of risk management processes. This study thus aims to examine and analyze how risk communication management protocols and model have been understood through evidence-based and theory-informed research as an assessment form of the existing model and regulations. It also attempts to contribute to the risk-informed policymaking by the regional government and provides recommendations for the development of risk communication management and the preparation to manage the COVID-19 vaccine risk issues for the public, which has not been studied yet by scholars in this province and in Indonesia in general.

Biosecurity is a crucial issue in a globalised world as today. Biosecurity has become a serious concern for some countries to prevent the transfer of any infectious diseases across borders. Involving human bio-surveillance, biosecurity regulation is actually an attempt to build new spatial demarcations in the border areas of countries. In the context of Indonesia, the biosecurity policy so far has been initiated and applied for protecting Indonesian borders from infectious disease transferred from the mobility of people, including Indonesian migrant workers when they returned back to this country. However, some important issues and controversies remain in debate, especially around the political economy discourses of the Indonesian government. This research, thus, focuses on the risk of disease transmission among the Indonesian migrant workers, which could affected not only Indonesia, but also others particular countries and global people’s health. This study examines the case of biosecurity issue in the border Island of Indonesia, which is Tanjung Pinang situated in Riau Islands. Tanjung Pinang is an offshore bordered area bordering to Singapore, Malaysia, Vietnam, and the Philippines. This place is part of a major maritime traffics lane between its neighbouring countries. Tanjung Pinang is also one of departure harbours for the Indonesian migrant workers to Malaysia and Singapore. Upon interviewing with migrant workers, the government representatives, and the NGOs/agents who have involved with migrant workers’ travels, this research found that biosecurity policy of the Indonesian government has not been implemented consistently and firm to the standard of health protocols; whilst, the prevention of infectious desease carried from migrant workers overseas who returned home could be spread out and brought health risks for domestic communities. The health authority in border area, i.e. Tanjung Pinang, has provided screening rooms; yet, the screenings were implemented for some random workers and on the workers’ physical body.

This study examines the transmission of infectious diseases through historical studies, focusing on colonialization, slave trade, religion spread, and transcontinental and island trade. Emerging diseases like leprosy, Black Death, syphilis, malaria, Spanish flu, and COVID-19 have become significant contributors to global health crises. The study uses four stages: heuristics, critique, interpretation, and historiography. It focuses on migration, pandemics, and global health crises, using relevant literature. The findings suggest that many diseases have reached pandemic proportions due to their rapid dissemination and the influence of migration caused by historical factors such as ancient travel culture, colonialism, and modern times. The evolution of contemporary language also facilitates international mobility. The research examines the issue of disease distribution resulting from the long-standing global migration process, focusing on how migration has played a significant role in the occurrence of pandemics, outbreaks, and global health crises throughout history. The migration of Homo Sapiens from East Africa to regions outside Africa led to the development of language, culture, and disease transmission. The domestication of animals resulted in the emergence and transmission of disease mutations, leading to the worldwide dissemination of infectious diseases like leprosy, Black Death, syphilis, malaria, and COVID-19.

Aktivitas Pekerja Migran Indonesia (PMI) telah menjadi fenomena sosial yang signifikan dalam beberapa dekade terakhir. Meningkatnya angka jumlah PMI di Indonesia tidak dibarengi dengan upaya persiapan yang matang terkait wawasan calon PMI terhadap mekanisme penempatan. Hasilnya, masih ditemukan beberapa PMI yang tidak berdokumen lengkap atau undocumented migrants. Tulisan ini adalah hasil kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat terkait wawasan mekanisme penempatan calon Pekerja Migran Indonesia di Kawasan Lombok Timur, Juni 2023. Pemilihan Lombok Timur sebagai lokasi pengabdian berdasarkan pada angka partisipasi PMI tertinggi kedua di Indonesia. Untuk memperkuat hasil pengabdian, penelitian kualitatif dilakukan dengan menggunakan indepth interview dan Focus Group Discussion (FGD) dengan warga desa Pandan Wangi, Kecamatan Jerowaru, Kabupaten Lombok Timur dan perwakilan Lembaga Swadaya Masyarakat (LSM). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa calon PMI masih tertarik untuk berangkat tanpa dokumen lengkap, salah satunya karena kurangnya pengetahuan dan wawasan. Calon PMI tidak tergerak untuk mencari sumber-sumber informasi terkait prosedur pemberangkatan mereka ke negara penempatan. Selain itu juga banyak dari calon PMI yang hanya sekedar percaya terhadap lembaga atau biro pelayanan dan perjalanan pekerja migran yang mereka ikuti tanpa mencari tahu kredibilitas yang bersangkutan.

Stunting is a condition of failure to thrive in toddlers due to chronic malnutrition, especially in the first 1000 days of pregnancy, in rural families, there is no term-stunting even mothers with toddlers stunting have different meanings to the condition of toddlers stunting this is motivated by the meaning obtained from the stock of knowledge.Stunting itself is divided into 2 namely short toddlers(stunted) namely short and very short toddlers(severely stunted) namely toddlers with body length (PB/U) or height (TB/U) based on age with a comparison of WHO-MGRS standards (Multicentre Growth Reference Study) 2006. In this study uses the type or research literature approach to analys and described stunting in Indonesia. Conditions of stunting measured by height or body length that is minus two standard deviations of the median standard of toddler growth from WHO. The focus of this study is to look at the meaning of mothers with toddlers stunting and the actions of mothers with toddlers stunting. According to data from the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia, approximately 9 million toddlers experience it stunting with a prevalence of 37% in 2013. To the Ministry of Health's Basic Health Research in 2018, one of the factors for the high stunting seen directly is the low intake of nutrition and health. Decline stunting is considered important, therefore a multi-sectoral approach is planned through the synchronization of national, local, and community programs at the central and regional levels.

Abstract Since the WHO declared the COVID-19 pandemic on December 1, 2019, the first group to be laid off were migrant workers. For migrant workers who are laid off one way is to return to their country of origin, including Indonesian Migrant Workers (PMI). For PMIs who work undocumented, they must be deported. PMI departed undocumented, mostly from Sampang, Madura, East Java. The number of PMI from Sampang who have been deported since COVID 19 took place was 886 people. To respond to this situation, research on improving the survival mechanism of the post-employee PMI in marketing the products of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) through the use of social media in the district of Sampang, Madura, East Java, contributes to their survival. This research method begins with conducting a Focus Group Discussion to map out the difficulties of post-employee PMI in marketing products so that they can find the right marketing solutions, especially through the use of social media. The FGD involved stakeholders among retired PMIs such as the Indonesian Migrant Workers Union (SBMI), the industry office, BP2MI, the cooperative service, village heads, religious leaders from Nahdlatul Ulama (NU) and youth organizations. Furthermore, in-depth interviews and observations were carried out. The last stage is to analyze the data that correlates the data with the theory used in reviewing the survival mechanism, namely community empowerment. The result of the research is that the recycled handicraft products of garbage and chips, crackers and various types of food using mass media as a medium to disseminate local product marketing content will be optimized by residents, so that local residents get sufficient correct and useful information as a reference. One of the uses of PMI's post-duty mass media is making the Shopee application. They have learned to make products for social media, starting with compiling video scripts, designing marketing posters, and packaging. Shopee has various types of promo programs that buyers can enjoy, such as discount promos and free shipping. Thus, the retired PMI will be trained to produce and market their business as their survival mechanism. Keywords: survival mechanism, former Indonesian migrant workers, micro small and medium enterprise Abstrak Sejak ditetapkan pandemi COVID-19 oleh WHO pada tanggal 1 Desember 2019, menjadi kelompok pertama yang diberhentikan adalah pekerja migran. Bagi pekerja migran yang diberhentikan salah satu jalan kembali ke negara asal, termasuk Pekerja Migran Indonesia (PMI). Bagi PMI yang berkerja secara undocumented, mereka harus dideportasi. PMI berangkat secara undocumented, terbanyak adalah kabupaten Sampang Madura Jawa Timur. PMI asal Sampang yang dideportasi, sejak COVID 19 berlangsung sebesar 886 orang. Untuk merespon situasi ini maka penelitian peningkatan survival mechanism PMI purna tugas dalam memasarkan produk Usaha Mikro Kecil dan Menengah (UMKM) melalui pemanfaatan media sosial di kabupaten Sampang Madura Jawa Timur memberikan kontribusi untuk kelangsungan hidup mereka. Metode penelitian ini diawali dengan melakukan Focus Group Discussion untuk memetakan kesulitan PMI purna tugas dalam memasarkan produk sehingga dapat menemukan solusi pemasaran yang tepat, terutama melalui pemanfaat media sosial. FGD melibatkan stakeholder dikalangan PMI purna tugas seperti Serikat Buruh Migran Indonesia (SBMI), dinas perindustrian, BP2MI, dinas koperasi, kepala desa, tokoh agama Nahdlatul Ulama (NU) dan karang taruna. Selanjutnya dilakukan indepth interview dan observasi. Tahap terakhir melakukan analisa data yang mengkorelasikan antara data dengan teori yang digunakan dalam mengkaji survival mechanism, yaitu pemberdayaan masyarakat. Hasil penelitian adalah produk kerajinan daur ulang sampah dan keripik, kerupuk serta berbagai jenis makanan dengan pemanfaatan media massa sebagai medium untuk menyebarkan konten pemasaran produk lokal akan dioptimalkan oleh warga, sehingga warga setempat mendapatkan kecukupan informasi yang benar dan bermanfaat sebagai rujukan. Pemanfaatan media massa PMI purna tugas salah satunya membuat aplikasi Shopee. Mereka sudah belajar membuat produk untuk media sosial yang dimulai dengan menyusun naskah video, desain poster pemasaran, dan packaging. Shopee mempunyai berbagai jenis program promo yang dapat dinikmati oleh para pembeli, seperti promo potongan dan gratis ongkir. Dengan demikian, PMI purna tugas akan terlatih untuk memproduk dan memasarkan usaha mereka sebagai survival mechanism mereka. Kata kunci: mekanisme kelangsungan hidup, mantan pekerja migran Indonesia, usaha mikro kecil dan menengah

Abstract The large number of sending migrant workers abroad indicates that the problem of migrant workers in East Java is of course very complex. One of them related to the problem is the children of Indonesian migrant workers (PMI). The problems that arise are vulnerable to the influence of criminality such as brawls, drugs, free sex and pregnancy before marriage. This is why special attention needs to be paid to children whose parents have left them as Indonesian migrant workers (BMI). To respond to this situation, this research is very important with the problems faced by children of migrant workers (APM). Therefore, this study identifies problems faced by children who are abandoned by migrant worker parents, as well as programs that have been developed in Purwodadi village, Donomulyo sub-district, Malang district, one of which is the development of short film production for APM as a vehicle for creativity. and means of communication with parents abroad. The next part of this research is in-depth interviews and observations, whether so far the making of short films can be accessed openly by APM until now. The next stage is to analyze the data that connects the data with the theory used in assessing the responsibilities of surrogate parents, the community and the government in providing protection for children's basic rights in the form of making short films. APM who are members of the community, have collected APM's perception and creativity in terms of survival and child development. For this reason, the production of short films is a collaborative governance program between Non-Governmental Organizations, namely LPKP, the International Labor Organization (ILO) and the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF), parents as PMI, APM and village government in this case posyandu cadres. Keywords: children of Indonesian migrant workers, problems of children of migrant workers, collaborative governance Abstrak Banyaknya pengiriman jumlah pekerja migran ke luar negeri menandakan permasalahan pekerja migran di Jawa Timur pun tentunya sangat kompleks. Salah satunya terkait permasalahannya adalah anak pekerja migran indonesia (PMI). Permasalahan yang muncul adalah rentan terhadap pengaruh kriminalitas seperti tawuran, narkoba, seks bebas dan hamil sebelum menikah. Hal inilah perlu adanya perhatian khusus terhadap anak-anak yang ditinggal orang tuanya sebagai buruh migran Indonesia (BMI). Untuk merespon situasi ini maka penelitian ini sangat penting dengan masalah yang dihadapi oleh anak-anak pekerja migran (APM). Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini mengidentifikasi masalah yang dihadapi anak-anak yang ditinggalkan oleh orang tua pekerja migran, serta program-program yang sudah dikembangkan di desa Purwodadi, kecamatan Donomulyo, kabupaten Malang, yang salah satunya pengembangan produksi film pendek bagi APM sebagai wahana kreativitas dan sarana komunikasi dengan orang tua di luar negeri. Bagian selanjutnya dari penelitian ini adalah indepth interview dan observasi, apakah selama ini pembuatan film pendek bisa diakses secara terbuka oleh APM hingga saat ini. Tahap selanjutnya melakukan analisa data yang menghubungkan antara data dengan teori yang digunakan dalam mengkaji pertanggungjawaban orang tua pengganti, masyarakat dan pemerintah dalam memberikan perlindungan terhadap hak-hak dasar anak dalam bentuk pembuatan produksi film pendek. APM yang tergabung dalam komunitas, telah menghimpun persepsi dan kreativitas APM dalam hal kelangsungan hidup dan tumbuh kembang anak. Untuk itu pembuatan produksi film pendek merupakan program collaborative governance antara Lembaga Swadaya Masyarakat yaitu LPKP, International Labour Organisation (ILO) dan United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF), orang tua sebagai PMI, APM dengan pemerintahan desa dalam hal ini kader posyandu. Kata kunci: anak pekerja migran indonesia, permasalahan anak pekerja migrran, collaborative governance

HIV/AIDS prevention is very important and absolutely necessary. HIV transmission is now entering a fairly alarming level, in which people with HIV/AIDS in certain subpopulations are emerging. Special steps and resources are thus needed to cope with the condition. There are some phenomena potentially encourage HIV transmissions, such as the increasingly common free sex, homosexuality, the use of unsafe and unsterile syringes in narcotics consumption, commercial sex workers and various high-risk sexual activities. One of the crucial concerns that arises when sending prostitutes back to their hometowns without any coordinated and holistic mechanism is that the prostitutes may cause the spreading of HIV/AIDS in their hometowns. The research objective is to provide the material (input) how the prostitutes themselves may cause the spreading of HIV/AIDS. The research employed descriptive method with a qualitative approach. The results showed that the implementation and the role division in the closure have been highly coordinated and holistic. The leading sector in the role division is the Social Welfare epartment of the Government in Surabaya. In terms of health aspects for the former prostitutes sent back to their hometowns, there has been no policies related to medical screening designed to identify the disease early. Screening is very important for early diagnosis during the post-closure phase. The screening mechanism is that the Provincial Health Department has to optimize the monitoring, coordination, cooperation, agreements and partnerships with stakeholders such as the Local Health Department and the National/Provincial/Distric AIDS Commission, NGOs that are concerned with the problems of HIV-AIDS, international organizations, professional organizations, community leaders, religious leaders and universities.

As the number of Indonesian Migrant Workers seems to increasing every year, the issue regarding their protection is equally important. The Indonesian government’s existing protection mechanism seems to still lack behind compared to the increasing needs of proper protection steps especially the ones that related to the issue of early detection for HIV/AIDS. The existing regulation of the Head of BNP2TKI No.01/KA/SU/1/2008 is still far from effective at the implementation level. This study examines various healt issues countered by migrant workers before they depart and after they arrive back to Indonesia. To what extent the role of relevant authorities have provide a proper early detection to various health problems experienced by the migrant workers, especially on the issue of HIV/AIDS? It has found that the overall protection mechanism is till far from what is expected, including an early detection mechanism for HIV/AIDS. There is an urgent need on the government side to improve the mechanism and increasing coordination between related departments is a must. Failure to fulfill this could trigger a wider impact as the transmission of HIV/AIDS then may pass on to the family or wider society at the place of origin of the migrant workers. Data collection includes the steps of observation, in-depth interviews, gathering information through informants are individuals who have the knowledge and experience of the problems studied, and the next process is the classification and identification of data based on the theme for the next analysis.

This study explains a Javanese cultural practice called ngenger--when girls volunteer to be domestic servants in exchange for educational benefits--as a form of exploitation of labor. The purpose of this study is to understand this Javanese tradition from the perspective of Gender Anthropology. This research is a descriptive study using a qualitative method. The location of the study was in Surabaya and the city of Malang, East Java, and was conducted by collecting data in the form of observations and in-depth interviews. The informants for this study were girls who are domestic workers, parents of the child domestic workers, and the recipient parents of these child domestic workers. This study shows that ngenger girls employed as domestic workers are exploited since they lose almost all of their rights. The ways in which ngenger girls are exploited include having low wages, lacking bargaining power, being forced to be obedient, lacking the courage to claim their rights, not daring to complain to anyone, and continuing to serve the recipients. The condition where the ngenger girls do not have bargaining position over the recipients of their labor is precisely what makes this practice a form of exploitation. The relationship between girls and the recipient families is a patron-client relationship. The patron-client relation should be a reciprocal relationship that is mutually beneficial. A recipient patron of a ngenger girl has the responsibility to fulfill the needs of the girl as a client, and, in return, the client must give her loyalty to her patron. Patron-client relations are economic relations where profits must be achieved, which makes exploitation possible. In fact, ngenger girls do not get the fulfillment of basic needs, protection, and good education, but they still continue to be loyal to the recipient parents. This circumstance is what makes the relationship in ngenger culture an unfair and exploitative relationship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]