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Objective: Over the last decade, researchers have sought to develop novel medications against dementia. One potential agent under investigation is cannabinoids. This review systematically appraised and meta-analyzed published pre-clinical research on the mechanism of endocannabinoid system modulation in glial cells and their effects on cognitive function in animal models of Alzheimer’s disease (AD).Methods: A systematic review complying with PRISMA guidelines was conducted. Six databases were searched: EBSCOHost, Scopus, PubMed, CINAHL, Cochrane, and Web of Science, using the keywords AD, cannabinoid, glial cells, and cognition. The methodological quality of each selected pre-clinical study was evaluated using the SYRCLE risk of bias tool. A random-effects model was applied to analyze the data and calculate the effect size, while I2 and p-values were used to assess heterogeneity.Results: The analysis included 26 original articles describing (1050 rodents) with AD-like symptoms. Rodents treated with cannabinoid agonists showed significant reductions in escape latency (standard mean difference [SMD] = −1.26; 95% confidence interval [CI]: −1.77 to −0.76, p < 0.00001) and ability to discriminate novel objects (SMD = 1.40; 95% CI: 1.04 to 1.76, p < 0.00001) compared to the control group. Furthermore, a significant decrease in Aβ plaques (SMD = −0.91; 95% CI: −1.55 to −0.27, p = 0.006) was observed in the endocannabinoid-treated group compared to the control group. Trends were observed toward neuroprotection, as represented by decreased levels of glial cell markers including glial fibrillary acid protein (SMD = −1.47; 95% CI: −2.56 to −0.38, p = 0.008) and Iba1 (SMD = −1.67; 95% CI: −2.56 to −0.79, p = 0.0002). Studies on the wild-type mice demonstrated significantly decreased levels of pro-inflammatory markers TNF-α, IL-1, and IL-6 (SMD = −2.28; 95% CI: −3.15 to −1.41, p = 0.00001). Despite the non-significant decrease in pro-inflammatory marker levels in transgenic mice (SMD = −0.47; 95% CI: −1.03 to 0.08, p = 0.09), the result favored the endocannabinoid-treated group over the control group.Conclusion: The revised data suggested that endocannabinoid stimulation promotes cognitive function via modulation of glial cells by decreasing pro-inflammatory markers in AD-like rodent models. Thus, cannabinoid agents may be required to modulate the downstream chain of effect to enhance cognitive stability against concurrent neuroinflammation in AD. Population-based studies and well-designed clinical trials are required to characterize the acceptability and real-world effectiveness of cannabinoid agents.Systematic Review Registration: [https://inplasy.com/inplasy-2022-8-0094/], identifier [Inplasy Protocol 3770].

Heat transfer innovation is essential in modern society because thermal management systems need effective heating and cooling processes. It is also an essential component in the vehicle industry and other types of transportation, in addition to automobile industry, aviation technology, the computer industry, and the manufacturing industry. By the inspiration of importance of magnetohydrodynamic hybrid nanofluid over a stretching cylinder with the influence of Williamson fluid and porous medium is examined in this current study. To convert the PDEs into ODEs, suitable self-similarity transformation is used. After applying transformations, for graphical purpose we have used the bvp5c technique. The impact of active parameters affecting the fluid's capacity to transfer significance is demonstrated in graphs and tables. In the result section we noticed on the velocity outlines decreased for increasing M parameter. The Cf and Nu increased for larger values of the M and curvature parameters. Additional properties of M and Rd parameter inputs result in improved temperature profiles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]