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The present work focuses on the formulation and characterisation of undoped NiO and NiO codoped with Mg and Zn. The samples were characterized by x-ray diffractometer and ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer. For the detection of elements present in the samples, energy dispersive x-ray analysis was employed. Two sets of codoped samples were prepared varying the amount of Mg and Zn. A set of codoped samples was prepared keeping the quantity of Mg at a fixed value and allowed the quantity of Zn to fluctuate. The second set of codoped samples was prepared keeping the extent of Zn at a fixed value and allowed the quantity of Mg to fluctuate. The bandwidth of undoped and codoped materials was computed raising Tauc plot. Crystallite size was computed following Scherrer formula.

The techniques of X-ray diffraction, O2 chemisorption, FT-Raman, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were utilized to characterize La2O3−TiO2 composite oxide and V2O5/La2O3−TiO2 catalyst calcined at 773 and 1073 K temperatures. The investigated La2O3−TiO2 (1:5 mole ratio) mixed oxide was obtained by a homogeneous coprecipitation method with in situ generated ammonium hydroxide. A nominal 12 wt % V2O5 was impregnated over the calcined (773 K) composite oxide by adopting a wet impregnation method from ammonium metavanadate dissolved in aqueous oxalic acid solution. The characterization results suggest that the calcined La2O3−TiO2 mixed oxide primarily consists of a mixture of TiO2 anatase and La−Ti oxides. The La2O3−TiO2 also accommodates a monolayer equivalent of vanadia in a highly dispersed state. The O 1s, Ti 2p, La 3d, and V 2p photoelectron peaks of the V2O5/La2O3−TiO2 sample are highly sensitive to the calcination temperature. The XPS line shapes and the corresponding binding energies indicate that the dispersed vanadium oxide interacts selectively with the lanthana portion of the La2O3−TiO2 mixed oxide and readily forms a LaVO4 compound. The XRD and FT-Raman techniques, in particular, provide direct evidence for the formation of LaVO4 compound. Interestingly, the presence of lanthana in V2O5/La2O3−TiO2 catalysts retards the phase transformation of anatase into rutile under the influence of vanadia.

Robots can differentiate with open loop system and closed loop system robots. We face many problems when we do not have a feedback from robots. In this research paper, we are discussing all possibilities to achieve complete closed loop system for Multiple-DOF Robotic Arm, which is used in a coconut tree climbing and cutting robot by introducing a Haptic device. We are working on various sensors like tactile, vibration, force and proximity sensors for getting feedback. For monitoring the robotic arm achieved by graphical user interference software which simulates the working of the robotic arm, send the feedback of all the real time analog values which are produced by various sensors and provide real-time graphs for estimate the efficiency of the Robot.

As the coconut palm growers are struggling with the acute shortage of human coconut tree climbers to climb and harvest the coconuts, many are working towards possible alternatives to help them handle this situation. In this study paper we analyse the problems associated with the shortage of human coconut tree climbers in -depth. We also present details of various existing mechanical models available in the market and have not yet solved this issue. Along with this we discuss how robotics and automation could be a possible solution for this entire problem. In this context we discuss about the features of such robotic system and also give suggestions on various unmanned robotic models that can be designed and implemented.

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.