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Background: Hypertrophy of inferior turbinate (IT) may arise from soft tissue and/or bony enlargement and is most related to inflammatory rhinitis. We aimed to study and compare the histopathological changes in the IT mucosa, submucosa, and bone in chronic rhinosinusitis with (CRSwNP) and without nasal polyps (CRSsNP). Methods: The specimens of the IT in patients who underwent endoscopic sinus surgery and inferior turbinoplasty (ITplasty) were included and studied under the microscope in the high-power field. The changes in the mucosa, submucosa, and bone were studied, graded accordingly, and compared between the 2 groups. Results: In the mucosa, there was no significant difference in the polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) and lymphocytic counts; however, the eosinophilic count in the mucosa was significantly higher in CRSwNP (P = .001). There was no significant difference in basement membrane thickness or subepithelial oedema. However, the lymphocyte count was higher in CRSsNP (P = .003), and the eosinophilic count was higher in CRSwNP (P = .001). The bone did not show inflammation. The significant osteitic changes in the bone were periosteal thickening with osteoblastic activity (P = .016). Conclusion: The mucosa and submucosa had a significant change in CRSwNP related to the eosinophilic infiltrates. In the submucosa, the lymphocyte count was significantly higher in CRSsNP. The osteitic changes seen were limited to periosteal thickening with minimal osteoblastic activity in both groups, but were significantly higher in CRSsNP. Hence, we can resect only the effected mucosa and spare bone during ITplasty in cases of CRSwNP, and IT bone may be partly resected in CRSsNP patients [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To determine whether preeclampsia and gestational diabetes mellitus is a risk factor for cochlear damage and sensorineural hearing impairment in infants. Materials and Methods: Longitudinal study was conducted in 2 tertiary referral centers. 1068 neonates were included, who were born to preeclampsia, gestational diabetes mellitus, and healthy mothers. The hearing evaluation was done using DPOAE on day 2 and for those who failed the initial DPOAE on day 2, underwent repeat DPOAE on day 15, ABR was done on day 30 if repeat DPOAE was Refer. The results were compared between the groups and analyzed. Results: On initial DPOAE, bilateral ear absent DPOAE rates were 19.5%, 15.8%, and 3.5% among preeclampsia, Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM), control groups respectively. The difference was statistically significant (P <.001). Also it was noted that absent DPOAE was significantly high at low and mid frequencies (1000, 2000, 3000, and 4000 Hz) in bilateral ear. However the difference in repeat DPOAE among the groups were not significant (Right ear P =.17, Left ear P =.31). Infants who failed repeat DPOAE test underwent ABR test in which 3 of GDM group, 2 infants of preeclampsia group and 1 infant of control group had absent ABR test. Conclusion: This study reveals that GDM and preeclampsia showed remarkable association of hearing loss at lower and mid frequencies which was transient. The prevalence of absent DPOAE was corresponding to the severity of the maternal conditions under the study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: This study aims to analyze the use of autologous platelet-rich plasma (PRP) to improve graft uptake and benefit on hearing after myringoplasty. Objectives: The objective is to compare pre- and post-operative graft uptake and audiological benefit following myringoplasty with and without PRP. Materials and Methods: A total of 70 patients diagnosed with chronic suppurative otitis media tubotympanic type were divided into groups of 35 each. Patients in group one who underwent myringoplasty with PRP while in second group underwent myringoplasty without PRP. Pre- and post-operative graft status and pure tone audiometry were performed for all the patients, and the outcomes were compared. Results: Of 35 patients in each group; four in the study group and eight in the control group had residual perforation. Graft uptake in case group was 88.57% and graft uptake in the control group was 77.1%. Result was better in cases that underwent myringoplasty with PRP. Of 35 patients in case group, audiological improvement (>10 dB) was seen in 31 patients (88.57%), whereas in the control group of 35 patients, 27 (77.1%) had audiological benefits. Conclusion: This study shows there is a definite benefit using PRP in myringoplasty. As the PRP can be easily prepared, PRP myringoplasty can be routinely performed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: School teachers are most prone to the development and detrimental effects of voice disorders as a consequence of their work. The risk factors for development of dysphonia in teachers are multifactorial. Aim: The primary aim of our study was to investigate the various risk factors that influence the onset and progression of voice disorders in school teachers in the Indian context. We wanted to assess the effect of voice problems on the physical, psychosocial and functional aspect of a teacher's life. Materials and Methods: It was a cross-sectional study conducted across three English medium institutions. A total of 105 teachers consented to participate in the study and they had to answer a semi-structured, pre-tested questionnaire, which included demographic details, living habits (drug intake, smoking and alcohol intake) health condition [any Deviated Nasal Septum (DNS), Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD), stress, etc., or any history of surgery], teaching characteristics, voice symptoms and physical discomforts and quality of life assessment. The completed questionnaires were collected and analyzed based on the responses obtained. Results: It was found that 81% of the study population had voice problems at some point of their career. A total of 26% of them fell into the voice disorder category. The association of upper respiratory infections DNS and GERD with voice disorders was found to be statistically significant. We also found that a significant number of teachers with voice disorders had changed their teaching styles and were planning to opt for an early retirement. Most importantly, it was also seen that teachers with voice disorders were more likely to have a poorer quality of life as compared to those without a voice disorder (p<0.001). Conclusion: Voice disorders had a significant bearing on all the spheres of a school teacher's life. The affected teachers were more likely to take sick leaves, change overall job opinions, retire early, reduce overall communiations, repeat statements and avoid talking to people in person as well as over the telephone. It reduced their overall social abilities and made them avoid social activities. They got easily upset and were dissatisfied with their job performance. All these in turn deteriorate the quality of life in these individuals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]