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Nation State vs. European Integration: Specific Approach of the Kingdom of Denmark ------------------------------------ The doctoral thesis analyses specific approach of Denmark to the European integration process, with focus on the analysis of the public opinion, operationalised by the concept of public euroscepticism. Firstly, the thesis strives do define convenient model of typology of public euroscepticism, able to describe its intensity and different forms. Secondly, case study of Denmark as a pure example of a small nation state is applied to this model. Firstly, the case study describes basic pillars of the Danish society, as the perception of the nation state, economic model of the welfare state, political system etc. Furthermore it analyses political and public debates before the "European" referendums and in relation to other milestones and priorities of the Danish EC/EU membership. Special attention is given to the analysis of Danish opt-outs of the Treaty of Maastricht, its causes, consequences and future. The outcomes of the analysis are used together with Eurobarometer surveys to define the typology of Danish public euroscepticism and its development. It is characterized as soft and sovereignty-based with decreasing tendency. It is true to say that especially the perception of the state sovereignty and national identity within Denmark, i.e. other small nation states, as a consequence of the nation state concept, is one of the main factors influencing its approach to the European integration quite significantly.

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The aim of the bachelor´s thesis is a characteristic of the issue of violence against women from the UN perspective. The first part of thesis deals with the general characteristics of the problem. It describes the causes, consequences, documents, organizations and the UN strategies on violence against women. In the second part of thesis, there can be found the analysis of a selected type of violence against women within the family. It is the honour crimes. The third chapter is devoted to another type of violence known as the crime committed within the society and that is the violence against women during the armed conflicts. The last chapter evaluates the UN policy on violence against women. It analyzes the methods and strategies of the UN and summarizes the most important strengths and weaknesses of the UN's work. In conclusion, the author of the thesis adds her recommendations and suggestions for improving the efficiency of work of the UN in combating violence against women.

The theme of this thesis is the enlargement of the EU and NATO, and Russia's response to such expansion. The aim of this work is to analyze whether the expansion of these institutions after the end of the Cold War is creating a new dividing line in Europe. The analysis is embedded in a constructivist theoretical perspective. I will therefore examine the distinct identities of the West (for purposes of this work represented by the EU and NATO) and Russia. These different identities should cause that the actors perceive the EU and NATO enlargements from a different perspective. Different vision of certain reality then creates tension between the two "value blocks" and thus may resemble the Cold War.

The subject matter of this bachelor thesis is the crisis in Ukraine, which started in fall 2013 and represents a security challenge not only for its closest surrounding. The thesis analyzes how has the European union dealt with the crisis, what steps have been taken in order to resolve the crisis and whether such steps were succesful. The thesis also examines the process of including security policies to official union´s structure and evaluates the policies´ effectiveness in the example of Ukraine.

The aim of this Bachelor thesis is the characteristics of Norway in the European integration process and examination of the Norwegian reasons not to join the European Union and Norway public euroscepticism. The thesis answers to basic questions such as what the European integration process is, what role the Kingdom of Norway played in this process, what are the main, but also ancillary reasons for rejection in referendums. It analyses what would eventual EU membership brought Norway and brings the result that Norway will not join the EU in the foreseeable future because of its strong economic, security and political arguments.

This bachelor thesis analyses small states and their foreign policy and pays a special emphasis on the position of Scotland as an independent country. It describes the process of devolution, which had been finished with unsuccessful referendum on independence in 2014. In connection with this plebiscite it names the "pro" and "con" arguments, which affect the international relations. The last chapter deals with current position of the region of Scotland in international politics, international organisations (especially in the European Union) and discusses possible perspectives of this region in the future.

A radical change of the socio-cultural order has brought about globalisation processes. Their consequences in the economic sphere include, mainly, growing interdependence, increasing mobility of the production factors and rising efficiency of the global economy. This brings important causes in the political dimension, were the anarchy at the global level translates into erosion of the role of state sovereignty and creation of world economy inefficiencies. Qualitatively new system of global governance, governance at multiple levels and a regulative sub-system emerge, which the World Trade Organisation is a main example of. To reach an effective solution, it is essential to introduce a reform. The central methodological bases are systems theory and neo-liberal internationalism of this analysis.

This thesis examines postconflict reconstruction of Iraq, in particular, the contribution of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization to this activity. The aim of the work is to analyze and evaluate the involvement of NATO, to find out how exactly this organization participated on nation-building, and whether the mission was effective or not. The first part is the theoretical basis of the conflict resolution, the second part focuses on the basic characteristics of NATO. The third part deals specifically with the issue of Iraq. The final part focuses on the postconflict reconstruction of Iraq after the OIF and the contribution of NATO.

The work deals with the question of the US role within NATO in relation to other alliance members in pursuance of making decisions on military operations after the Cold War. The theoretical part provides basic information about NATO, important historical events, basic documents and principles of decision making. The analytical part is dedicated to studying the behavior of the US role in the course of individual operations compared with the behavior of other members of the alliance.The conclusion summarizes the role of the US in NATO and the answer to the question whether the interests of other members of the alliance are suppressed by the United States or not.

The thesis analyses the Stability and Growth Pact with regards to relations between the Eurozone countries. First, it theoretically describes European integration process and consequently finds if the European Monetary Union in the optimal currency area. Furthermore, explains term of a Stability and Growth Pact and it discrepancies between political and economic issues. In conclusion, it is contemplated that the Stability and Growth Pact, even after the reforms, have a negative impact on relations between the members of the Eurozone.

The aim of this bachelor thesis is to evaluate the involvement of the Slovak Republic in the action in Ukraine and their political and economic impact on Slovakia based upon the analysis of foreign and security policy of Slovakia. The work consists of two parts. The theoretical part explains the focus of foreign and security policy of the Slovak Republic from the point of view of Slovakia's most important participants in Slovak public administration, and their jurisdiction. In the empirical part I focus on the analysis of the ongoing crisis on Ukrainian territory in a global context, starting with historical causes of the civilian unrest till the present times, the subsequent military intervention and annexation of the Crimea by the Russian Federation, and eventual imposition of sanctions and their consequences for both Russia and the European Union. In the second half of the empirical section I continue with the analysis of the Ukrainian issue, but this time I focus on the point of view of the Slovak Republic, beginning with the shaping of foreign relations between the Slovak Republic and Ukraine since their independence till the present day. Within the second part of the work I will mention the general position of Slovakia and the significant cacophony between the statements of the President and the Prime Minister of Slovakia to the crisis. The thesis concludes with the direct and indirect impacts of imposed sanctions on the Slovak republic.

Small states are phenomenon of last decades. Importance of small states is increasing in international relations. Despite that fact small states are in many aspects in disadvantage because of their smallness in comparison to middle and big states. The bachelor thesis pays attention to possibilities how to minimize these disadvantages, how to assert its interests and how to influence decision-making processes in EU. The position of Slovakia in international relations and EU is examined as well as Slovak foreign policy and priorities of Slovakia in EU.

This study is titled Role of Small States in International Relations: Comparative Analysis of the Czech Republic and Israel and its main purpose is to analyze a typical small state's behavior in the international arena on the examples of the Czech and Israeli foreign policy. It is divided into four respective sections -- a theoretical framework, historical background, and the two case studies, and it strives to answer a foundational question whether the Czech Republic and Israel can be considered small players in international relations based on the theoretical definition of the notion of a small state as well as the countries' current foreign policy approaches and tools.

Although especially the big countries and great powers attracted the attention of other states in the past, it is not entirely considered to be so today. Small states are playing an increasingly important role in the field of international relations and attract increasing attention of larger states, international organizations, politicians and researchers in the area of international relations. Bachelor thesis describes the definition and behavior of small states, focusing on their foreign policy. At the example of two small countries - Switzerland and Denmark - it compares their basic foreign policy goals and foreign policy tools. These tools are diplomacy, economic means, neutrality and security policy.

The theme of this thesis is the Swedish immigration policy in the context of EU immigration policy. The aim of thesis is to analyze Swedish immigration and integration policies and identify their key characteristics. The theoretical part of the thesis deals with the definition of migration policy, basic concepts of migration and integration models. European immigration policy is built up on the theoretical basis from which comes out the setting of Swedish immigration policy. . The second chapter focuses on the integration of immigrants into the Swedish society and is divided into two parts. The first part deals with the development and setting of Swedish integration policy, the second part focuses on the integration of immigrants into the labour market. In the third chapter is the main focus on the problems and prospects of the Swedish migration policy. The three subchapters concentrate on the problems associated with the current European migration crisis, the international dimension of migration policy in Sweden and its priorities in this field and the last part attempts to evaluate the success of integration measures in Sweden.

This thesis describes history of Catalan nationalism and analyzes the motives that lead to separatist tendencies in Catalonia. It also focuses on the impact of devolution and separation on Catalonia and Spain. Catalans are a historic nation with their own language and traditions. Since the establishment of the Kingdom of Spain they have sought a greater autonomy within pluralistic Spain until now. In the history, they experienced numerous efforts of assimilation and suppression, mostly during the dictatorship of General Franco. But the Catalans defended their uniqueness and during the transition to democracy and with the new Constitution of 1978, they gained considerable portion of autonomy. In the history, Catalans did not demand independence, they wanted to be part of the federal Spain. However, due to the economic crisis and the rejection of the greater autonomy, Catalan nationalism converted to separatism.

The Bachelor thesis deals with German presidency of the Council of the European Union after the end of the Cold War. The aim is to characterize the development of German European policy during this period and to determine the role of the institute of presidency for its largest member. The first chapter defines the EU from various theoretical approaches, especially from the perspective of realism and idealism. It also characterizes the formation, functions and objectives of the institute of presidency and discusses the issue of position of large and smaller states. The second chapter describes the objectives, progress and results of all three of the German presidencies (1994, 1999 and 2007), based on which is in the third chapter carried out their comparison and analysis of German European policy changes. In the last chapter, I evaluate and analyze the role of Germany in the EU Council and on that basis I propose some steps that Germany could take in the next presidency. The author concludes that a big state like Germany is able (unlike smaller states) to advance it's own interests also without the institute of EU presidency, but even so, this institution represents for this big state an important instrument for promoting various policies.

This bachelor thesis' theoretical part is focused on definition of the peacekeeping operations and gives an idea of problems with creation of unified definition and division of operations into categories. Later on the thesis compares UNAMIR and ONUMOZ operations on the basis of five assumptions of success. The aim of the thesis is to find out if the peacekeeping operations influence the evolution of the situation and successful solution of the problematic situation in the country.

This diploma thesis focuses on the analysis of the Czech economic diplomacy towards Mexico. The aim of this thesis is to answer two questions; whether the relevant representatives of Czech companies doing business in Mexico know the protagonists of Czech economic diplomacy and whether these companies use the services provided by those protagonists. The theoretical part of the thesis deals with the theoretical definition, history and functions of economic diplomacy. The practical part is divided into two different chapters, the first one focuses on the mutual trade and agreements between the two countries. The third chapter concentrates on Czech economic diplomacy towards Mexico and includes a survey regarding the knowledge of the protagonists of Czech economic diplomacy by the companies and their usage of the protagonists services.

This thesis deals with the theory of economic interdependence. It is based on the realistic approach which states that high levels of mutual trade lead to a conflict. This hypothesis is being tested on the Russia-Ukraine conflict that erupted by the end of 2013. Additionally, the thesis examines whether the conflict is caused by economic or rather political-related incentives. The theoretical part consists of realistic and liberalistic approaches towards economic interdependence. The empirical part of the study deals with the analysis of Russian and Ukrainian economy and relations between Russia, Ukraine and the European Union. The last chapter is dedicated to the comparison of the war in Georgia with the Russia-Ukraine conflict.

The master thesis is dedicated to the stabilization role of the European Union in Africa with focus on the military training missions in Somalia and Mali. The aim is to analyze and evaluate their prosperity and additionaly to draw conclusions about the future involvement of these types of missions in Africa, since the military missions with the civilian aspects seem to be the perspective way of the EU engagement in Africa. The thesis is also supported by the evaluation of the socioeconomic cooperation which is also crucial for the stabilization role of the EU in Africa.

The theme of this thesis is the impact of the EU internal market on its external relations - firstly, it asks to what scope can we use the knowledge gained from establishing the internal market and if it can improve the current negotiations and, secondly, whether the already established internal market and its institutions can affect the establishment of relations between the European Union and the United States. The work focuses on the economic level of relations and specifically on the importance of services, both in the economies and the global value chains. It shows that the services sector is politically very sensitive and that the problems which the European Union had to deal with when trying to gain the approval of the Services Directive, are similar to the situation that evolves around negotiating the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership, with the negotiations being further complicated by internal interactions between the EU institutions.

This thesis analyses the devolution process in Great Britain and pays a special emphasis on the position of Scotland. The first part of the thesis focuses on the theoretical introduction and the historical background of the British-Scottish relations, that explain the current political events. Further, the work provides an analysis of the Scottish political system and its relation towards the British government. The main part of the text focuses on the possible impacts of the independence referendum in September 2014. It characterises the current and future relations of Scotland with the most important international organizations, especially with the European Union and NATO. A complex study of the advantages and disadvantages of the potential independence within the current international context forms a key part of the thesis.

Humanitarian aid can be defined as an aid and an action designed to save lives, alleviate suffering and maintain and protect human dignity during and in the aftermath of emergencies. The defining characteristics that distinguish it from other forms of foreign aid and development assistance includes so-called principles of humanitarian aid. Humanitarian policy of the EU, which includes effective programs, tools and mechanisms, is an important part of foreign relations. EU tries through financial or non-financial assistance to prevent human suffering or mitigate it. Finland has started its new humanitarian policy since the October 2012. This mentioned policy defines the key principles, objectives, programs and priorities of its humanitarian aid. In general The European Union and Finland are very active players among the international community in providing of humanitarian aid to countries that are currently in humanitarian crisis.

This thesis is dealing with the analysis of American attributes of power which formed the USA as a superpower and has influenced the world politics in the 21st century. Hypothesis that the USA is still a superpower on the beginning of the 21st century was confirmed in six chapters. The first part of the diploma thesis presents theoretical and methodological bases, history and development of the United States and its rise to superpower status after the Second World War. The second part of the thesis, the last three chapters which are dealing with current American foreign policy and its relations with other important states and regions, proved the expected results of the hypothesis. Therefore the result of the thesis is that the United States still maintains its leading position of the global superpower despite of its relative political and economic weakness in the recent years.

This thesis deals with aspects of Danish immigration and Danish immigration policy. It aims to investigate which influences were the most significant in forming the present restrictive course of Danish immigration policy. In order to fulfill the aim of this thesis, changes made in immigration policy since the 1970's until today are analyzed and subsequently those events concerning both the national territory and the rest of the world which have most likely influenced its current course have been selected. This research resulted in the discovery that both external influences, such as terrorist attacks, European integration or cartoon controversy, and internal occurrences, such as the influence of the Danish People's Party, the media and the atmosphere in society, played their part. Though a small country, Denmark attracts immigrants due to the fact that there is a generous state welfare system and a high level of economic and social development. Until the Second World War, the flow of immigrants had been moderate and they mainly came from European countries. The current scenario has changed dramatically since then and in the course of the last forty years, the Danish population has increased by up to half a million people. Moreover, two thirds of the today's immigrants come from non-western countries which remains a serious challenge for Danish immigration society and policy.

Multi-speed European Union is a very up-to-date topic especially in terms of the finance and debt crisis, which deepened the differences between member states' economies. Multi-speed integration is one of the ways how to satisfy the claims of all member states, respect their different socioeconomic conditions and interests and at the same time not to disturb the integration process. The objective of this thesis is to introduce the concept of multi-speed integration from different theoretical points of view, to outline its historical development and assess its positive and negative impacts on the EU as a whole and on Slovakia. The analysis of impacts of the Economic and Monetary Union's multi-speed character on Slovakia is the key part of this thesis. These impacts on Slovakia are both positive and negative, but some of them cannot be categorized in general. In the aggregate the positive impacts prevail.

Thesis uses game theory to explain behavior of certain states in the European sovereign-debt crisis. The goal is to find out, if those states use strategies leading to equilibrium i.e. if they maximize their expected utility. Theoretical part is based mainly on repeated games and Bayesian game. Thesis summarizes development of European sovereign-debt crisis and key economic indicators. It constructs a game model of the crisis and further analyses situation of Germany, France, Italy, Spain and Greece as players in the game. The game model is then tested on key conflict situations such as relations of France and Germany, first Greek bailout negotiations or Spanish bank bailout negotiations. The results show that chosen states do maximize their expected utility in one election period. However maximization of utility in two or more election periods is limited by the parameters of democratic election system - length of election periods and information asymmetry between voters and politicians. The costs of elimination of information asymmetry would be higher than the costs of debt crisis. So even considering the costs of debt crisis the states are in long term equilibrium.

The work overviews the formation process of the European integration after the end of the Cold war and also the evolution of the notion of 'the Westphalian sovereignty' in the framework of the maintenance of the EU CFSP. It is assumed that under the conditions of a political transformation of the category 'the Westphalian sovereignty' in the framework of the EU CFSP it is intensified and requires again as a special political and practical attention, as scientific elaboration in order to figure out the perspectives of the development of the EU as the whole. As the object of this work the category of 'the Westphalia sovereignty' and its evolution in the framework of the European integration processes are taken. The subject of the work is connected with the analysis of the phenomenon of the Westphalian sovereignty in the frames of building of common European defense and security policy of the EU. The main purpose of the work is closely entwined with the identification of significant peculiarities of the ongoing transformation of the CFSP and their influence on the category of 'the Westphalian sovereignty'.

This theses evaluates the postconflict reconstruction of Bosnia and Herzegovina from the perspective of institutional economy. The purpose od this theses is to answer the question whether it is possible to achieve the desired change in the reconstructed society by transplanting the institutional model. First chapter focuses on the studying of institutions, their importance for further development of the society and the possibilities of the institutional changes. Second chapter deals with the major moments in the development in post-war Bosnia and Herzegovina. Third chapter analyzes the success of postconflict reconstruction of Bosnia and Herzegovina and identifies the obstacles preventing the consociacional democracy from being succesfully transferred, provided that such model was supposed to be guarantee of the peaceful living in the multiethnical society in Bosnia and Herzegovina.

The diploma thesis examines the hypothesis that monetary policy can be an instrument of international policy, or a component of economic power. The case study focuses on the monetary policy of the PRC in terms of its potential international projection.

The thesis concers with position of Poland in contemporary Europe. We try to answer following research questions: What are the factors influencing polish european policy? Has Poland become a regional power?

The thesis is analyzing the approach of three states - France, USA and Czech republic - towards the conflict in Rwanda, which afterwards became the most horrifying genocide in modern era. Further more the thesis analyzes, how the approaches influenced the negotiations and decisions in the UN Security Council. The conclusion then evaluates the whole analysis and formulates an alternate solution to the conflict.

This final thesis deals with outgoing tourism of young Czechs to Germany. The theoretical part presents characteristics of tourism destination marketing and a definition of Youth Travel. The analytical part is concerned with the potential of Germany as a destination of young people from the Czech Republic and presents results of a conducted survey for the demand of young Czechs for destination Germany.

The current economic crisis has led the leaders of the European states to decrease their spending on defense. This paper argues that if this reduction in public spending is not offset by the increase in international cooperation than the military capability of the region is going to deteriorate in the near future. The argument that the defense budgets are decreasing is based on the analysis of the data available for the public defense expenditures. Further six case studies of EU states are presented showing that the potential decrease in capability is observable in a wide range of EU countries. The case for greater international cooperation is based on the economic theory of comparative advantage and benefits of competition in the defense market. Furthermore, academic literature supporting this hypothesis is also presented to the reader throughout the paper. The conclusion of this paper is that the current tendency of governmental politicians of EU countries to ignore the need for greater international cooperation in the defense sector is unsustainable and that if European Union wants to maintain its position as one of the world power blocks, systematic reform of the EU defense market will need to be introduced.

With the collapse of the bipolar system and increasing number and importance of small states, the emphasis is not placed only on the great powers anymore. In the globalizing world states have to face new threats and adapt its security and foreign policy tools. The aim of the thesis is to find out which steps two small countries - Czech Republic and Norway, undertake to ensure their safety and minimize their threats. The first chapter analyzes foreign policies of the selected countries, and decides whether they are really small states. After defining the major threats as terrorism and proliferation of weapons of mass destruction, an analysis of counter-terrorism actions based on the official counter-terrorism strategies of the UN, the OSCE, the NATO, and the EU follows. From this analysis the thesis then concludes that Czech Republic and Norway are small, but not weak states and they may contribute to minimizing global threats.

Religion has still in many parts of the world a significant influence on politics, particularly on foreign policies of individual countries. The objective of this thesis is to assess the degree of influence of religion on contemporary foreign policy of a selected country (Denmark)of the European Union. The basis of the thesis will be a cultural-historical analysis and an analysis of evolution of Danish religious structure. Acquired outcomes will be compared to contemporary trends of the European Union.

The European youth policy is not often in the centre of attention of media and therefore the awareness and interest of public is on the topic is not very high. However, youth is exactly the group of the population that can be easily influenced. Hence it should be the main target group of the European Union when creating the European identity of its citizens. This thesis analyze three chosen programmes of European youth policy and their influence on formation of the European identity.

Topic of this thesis is the Responsibility to Protect (R2P) doctrine that has become very current at the present time because of its use in legitimising the operation of NATO and other countries during the uprising in Libya in 2011. Apart from a number of sympathetic opinions, it has caused a wave critique, which has been of two types. Some criticised even the fact itself that the UN Security Council had labelled the Libya situation as a case suited for the application of this doctrine. There were also those who had agreed wholeheartedly with this designation, but who were disappointed by how the operation that followed had proceeded. This section of critics claims that NATO and other states that took part in the operation overstepped the mandate granted to them by the Security Council and thereby caused at least a partial delegitimising of R2P.

In this thesis I analyze realism and some of its social constructivist critics. The aim of the thesis is to find areas in which there is a potential for a synthesis of these two paradigms. I propose understand states and the international system as whole as social institutions, with realism to find and interpret its rules and modus operandi.

The topic of this thesis is Norwegian democracy support in the context of Norwegian development cooperation. This thesis focuses on the period since 1990, when promotion of democracy in development cooperation was explicitly identified as an essential part of development for the first time, until the time of writing the paper. First, the thesis develops theoretical and methodological basis, democratization in general, development cooperation and promoting democracy are discussed. This knowledge is then applied in the empirical part. First, the Norwegian development cooperation and its goals for the upcoming years are presented. Further, Norwegian democracy support is analyzed in detail including its development in time. Democracy support is analyzed from three points of view. First, declared objectives of promoting democracy are examined, and then the financial framework for the promotion of democracy and the realization of the objectives of promoting democracy in practice are analyzed. Last chapter of this thesis offers a case study of Norwegian democracy support in Tanzania, where certain democracy support projects are presented in detail.

Great Britain and Ireland enjoy in relation to the Schengen Area special treatment. The aim of this work is to analyze their specific position and estimate its tenability. Bachelor thesis presents different reasons which led the states to their attitude to the Schengen and which have formed the base of their averse attitude till now. Knowledge from European legistature is used to outline current legal framework of both states's exemptions and followed by the evaluation of the consequent positives and negatives. I suggest also prognoses of the further development in Schengen cooperation in relation the European Union as a unit and recommodations for its tenability.

Norwegian foreign policy can seem full of inconsistencies to an outside observer. In the field of integration and security policy, the country has been holding on to its own, unique way for a long time. It persistently refuses to enter the EU while at the same time seeking the closest possible relations with this institution. Also, In the field of security policy, a certain discord between traditional peacefulness and NATO membership can be felt. Closer analysis reveals, that the inconsistencies in Norway's relations with the EU are caused by the different stances of the political elites and the public towards the EU. At the same time, the seemingly contradictory aspects of the Norwegian security policy can be explained by a change of the traditional understanding of security into the so-called "comprehensive security" approach after the Cold War.

The civil war in Bosnia and Herzegovina, which took place between 1992 and 1995, is perceived as the most tragic conflict in Europe since the Second World War. The process of postconflict reconstruction has been running there for 17 years and there have been numerous actors involved. But still, the process has not been finished. The diploma thesis deals with the question of the role played by particular involved actors in the process of postconflict reconstruction. In the first part of the thesis the theoretical framework of postconflict reconstruction is presented. In the second part the contemporary situation in Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Dayton Peace Agreement are outlined. The third part fully focuses on the analysis of particular groups of actors. Three groups of actors are analysed: the international community, the local ruling elite and the international and local nongovernmental organisations. The aim of this work is to identify the objects of those actors in the process of postconflict reconstruction and consequently to evaluate their opportunities to achieve those goals. The SWOT analysis is applied to analyze the role of the actors.

Britain's attitude towards the European integration has been an uneasy one since its' inception and it thus represents one of the spheres of British politics that has attracted the most attention and that has been one of the most divisive issues of the domestic politics. The British attitude has however responded to the dynamical development of the political integration in Europe. The aim of the thesis is to assess Britain's attitude towards the political integration in Europe and to prove that, despite its dynamical development, the elements of Euroscepticism prevail over the elements of Europeanization. With respect to the aim, the thesis is divided into three chapters. The first one explains the political integration and charts its development and defines the modern concept of Euroscepticism and Europeanization. The second chapter deals with Britain's attitude towards the European integration, its historical background and its development immediately after the Second World War. Substantial part of the chapter is devoted to the analysis of the British attitude towards the milestones of the political integration. The final chapter looks at the stance of the governments of Tony Blair and the current Conservative-led coalition on the political integration and compares them so as to study its development.

This work analyzes the most important factors that exercise the biggest influence over the shape of energy system in the following decades in the European area with a focus on electric grid. Based on the analysis the possible futures and probable trends are discussed in the Conclusion.

The Kingdom of Norway has long been trying to present itself as a peace-keeping international actor. Using the case of Norwegian humanitarian and development assistance to Sudan, the thesis will try to find out whether the national values also influence the Norwegian model of peace-keeping nation, and estimate the efficiency of Norwegian humanitarian and development assistance. First two chapters introduce the basic values of Norwegian society and the conflict situation in Sudan for further analysis of activities of the Norwegian government and non-governmental organisations in Sudan. By comparing these projects with the strategic framework of the Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs for Norway's role in peace-building, it is shown that Norway is involved in all dimensions of this programme and is actively endeavouring to improve the situation in Sudan and to build peace.

The work deals with the development of relations between the European Union and the Republic of South Africa and tries to find an answer on whether it will continue to intensify and in which areas. The first chapter describes the development of Republic of South Africa from the late eighties to the present. The second chapter is devoted to the development of relations between the European Union and the Republic of South Africa since the inception of the European Economic Community to the present. The conclusion is that the relationship can continue to deepen. The preferred areas of development cooperation should be employment, crime and inequality between inhabitants. Attention should be also paid to the trading relationship.