41 results on '"Spruyt, B."'
Search Results
2. First-generation college students’ motives to start university education: An investment in self- development, one’s economic prospects or to become a role model?
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Keppens, Gil, Boone, S., Consuegra, E., Laurijssen, I., Spruyt, B., van Droogenbroeck, F., Keppens, Gil, Boone, S., Consuegra, E., Laurijssen, I., Spruyt, B., and van Droogenbroeck, F.
- Abstract
In this article, we engage with the emerging literature that studies the increased enrolment of first-generation college students (FGCS), that is, students from households where neither parent has obtained a bachelor’s /master’s degree. Our article answers two research questions. First, data from 2,338 first-year students are used to investigate the extent to which FGCS differ from continuing-generation college students (CGCS) concerning the reason why one enrols in university education. Second, to what degree do these motives explain differences in study choice? Our results show that FCGS, compared to CGCS, more strongly endorsed the economic investment motive and what we call the social investment motive, that is, the motivation to become a role model for one’s community. In addition, our findings reveal that the choice for more economically rewarding fields of study is related to these motives to start a university education. In the conclusion, we discuss the implications of our findings.
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- 2023
3. Short-Term Fun or Long-Term Gain: A Mixed Methods Empirical Investigation into Perceptions of Truancy among Non-Truants in Flanders
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Keppens, G. and Spruyt, B.
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The purpose of the present study is to explore non-truanting youngsters' perceptions of truants and truancy. In-depth qualitative interviews (N: 8) are used to explore inductively the perceptions of truancy among non-truanting pupils in secondary education in Flanders (the Dutch-speaking part of Belgium). We use survey analysis (N: 3314) to assess the prevalence of different attitudes towards truancy and their mutual relationships, the prevalence of truants at school, individual risk factors for truancy, and school context variables. The results reveal two attitudes toward truancy: (1) disapproval of truancy and (2) the appeal of truancy. Factors that increased disapproval of truancy included attachment to school, attachment to parents, belief in school rules and cultural capital. Finding truancy attractive was associated with a lack of attachment to school and the presence of truants in the peer group. In the conclusion we elaborate on the implications of our findings.
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- 2015
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4. Ideologically consistent, but for whom? An empirical assessment of the populism-elitism-pluralism set of attitudes and the moderating role of political sophistication
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Spruyt, B., Rooduijn, Matthijs, Zaslove, Andrej, Spruyt, B., Rooduijn, Matthijs, and Zaslove, Andrej
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19 juni 2021, Contains fulltext : 253322.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access)
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- 2022
5. 'En bruit d'estre bonne luteriene': Mary of Hungary (1505-58) and Religious Reform
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Spruyt, B. J.
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- 1994
6. The Salience of Perceived Societal Conflict in Europe: A 27 Country Study on the Development of a Measure for Generalized Conflict Thinking
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Drunen, Y. van, Spruyt, B., Droogenbroeck, F. Van, Drunen, Y. van, Spruyt, B., and Droogenbroeck, F. Van
- Abstract
22 mei 2021, Contains fulltext : 240517.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access), Over the last two decades, European countries have struggled with several crises (e.g., the Great Recession, the refugee crisis) which had a tremendous impact on (some) societies. Typically, these crises were accompanied by divisive public discourses that rely heavily on a sharp and moralistic us-them distinction. Especially extreme right- and left-wing parties have adopted such conflict discourses and have gained much electoral support. Against this background, this paper has two objectives. First, data from the European Quality of Life Survey from 2003 to 2016 in 27 countries are used to provide a comprehensive overview of the salience of perceived societal conflicts between seven pairs of groups between countries and across time. We find substantial differences between countries and longitudinal trend variation in the salience of perceived societal conflict. For example, in Eastern European countries more economic conflict is perceived, while in Western European countries people perceive more cultural conflict between different ethnic and religious groups. Second, multigroup confirmatory factor analyses reveal that specific perceptions of conflict are structured by an underlying general orientation, generalized conflict thinking: people’s tendency to perceive society through the lens of conflict regardless of the specificity of these groups. The measure for generalized conflict thinking is metric equivalent across a large sample of countries. This demonstrates that generalized conflict thinking can be used as a social indicator for comparative research. In the conclusion we elaborate on the implications of our findings and develop a research agenda regarding generalized conflict thinking.
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- 2021
7. Subjective status and perceived legitimacy across countries
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Brandt, MJ, Kuppens, T, Spears, R, Andrighetto, L, Autin, F, Babincak, P, Badea, C, Bae, J, Batruch, A, Becker, JC, Bocian, K, Bodroza, B, Bourguignon, D, Bukowski, M, Butera, F, Butler, SE, Chryssochoou, X, Conway, P, Crawford, JT, Croizet, J-C, de Lemus, S, Degner, J, Dragon, P, Durante, F, Easterbrook, MJ, Essien, I, Forgas, JP, Gonzalez, R, Graf, S, Halama, P, Han, G, Hong, RY, Houdek, P, Igou, ER, Inbar, Y, Jetten, J, Jimenez Leal, W, Jimenez-Moya, G, Karunagharan, JK, Kende, A, Korzh, M, Laham, SM, Lammers, J, Lim, L, Manstead, ASR, Mededovic, J, Melton, ZJ, Motyl, M, Ntani, S, Owuamalam, CK, Peker, M, Platow, MJ, Prims, JP, Reyna, C, Rubin, M, Saab, R, Sankaran, S, Shepherd, L, Sibley, CG, Sobkow, A, Spruyt, B, Stroebaek, P, Suemer, N, Sweetman, J, Teixeira, CP, Toma, C, Ujhelyi, A, van der Toorn, J, van Hiel, A, Vasquez-Echeverria, A, Vazquez, A, Vianello, M, Vranka, M, Yzerbyt, V, Zimmerman, JL, Brandt, MJ, Kuppens, T, Spears, R, Andrighetto, L, Autin, F, Babincak, P, Badea, C, Bae, J, Batruch, A, Becker, JC, Bocian, K, Bodroza, B, Bourguignon, D, Bukowski, M, Butera, F, Butler, SE, Chryssochoou, X, Conway, P, Crawford, JT, Croizet, J-C, de Lemus, S, Degner, J, Dragon, P, Durante, F, Easterbrook, MJ, Essien, I, Forgas, JP, Gonzalez, R, Graf, S, Halama, P, Han, G, Hong, RY, Houdek, P, Igou, ER, Inbar, Y, Jetten, J, Jimenez Leal, W, Jimenez-Moya, G, Karunagharan, JK, Kende, A, Korzh, M, Laham, SM, Lammers, J, Lim, L, Manstead, ASR, Mededovic, J, Melton, ZJ, Motyl, M, Ntani, S, Owuamalam, CK, Peker, M, Platow, MJ, Prims, JP, Reyna, C, Rubin, M, Saab, R, Sankaran, S, Shepherd, L, Sibley, CG, Sobkow, A, Spruyt, B, Stroebaek, P, Suemer, N, Sweetman, J, Teixeira, CP, Toma, C, Ujhelyi, A, van der Toorn, J, van Hiel, A, Vasquez-Echeverria, A, Vazquez, A, Vianello, M, Vranka, M, Yzerbyt, V, and Zimmerman, JL
- Abstract
The relationships between subjective status and perceived legitimacy are important for understanding the extent to which people with low status are complicit in their oppression. We use novel data from 66 samples and 30 countries (N = 12,788) and find that people with higher status see the social system as more legitimate than those with lower status, but there is variation across people and countries. The association between subjective status and perceived legitimacy was never negative at any levels of eight moderator variables, although the positive association was sometimes reduced. Although not always consistent with hypotheses, group identification, self-esteem, and beliefs in social mobility were all associated with perceived legitimacy among people who have low subjective status. These findings enrich our understanding of the relationship between social status and legitimacy.
- Published
- 2020
8. Subjective Status and Perceived Legitimacy across Countries
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Brandt, M, Kuppens, T, Spears, R, Andrighetto, L, Autin, F, Babincak, P, Badea, C, Bae, J, Batruch, A, Becker, J, Bocian, K, Bodroža, B, Bourguignon, D, Bukowski, M, Butera, F, Butler, S, Chryssochoou, X, Conway, P, Crawford, J, Croizet, J, de Lemus, S, Degner, J, Dragon, P, Durante, F, Easterbrook, M, Essien, I, Forgas, J, González, R, Graf, S, Halama, P, Han, G, Hong, R, Houdek, P, Igou, E, Inbar, Y, Jetten, J, Jimenez Leal, W, Jiménez‐moya, G, Kumar Karunagharan, J, Kende, A, Korzh, M, Laham, S, Lammers, J, Lim, L, Manstead, A, Međedović, J, Melton, Z, Motyl, M, Ntani, S, Kevin Owuamalam, C, Peker, M, Platow, M, Prims, J, Reyna, C, Rubin, M, Saab, R, Sankaran, S, Shepherd, L, Sibley, C, Sobkow, A, Spruyt, B, Stroebaek, P, Sümer, N, Sweetman, J, Teixeira, C, Toma, C, Ujhelyi, A, van der Toorn, J, van Hiel, A, Vásquez‐ Echeverría, A, Vazquez, A, Vianello, M, Vranka, M, Yzerbyt, V, Zimmerman, J, Brandt, Mark J., Kuppens, Toon, Spears, Russell, Andrighetto, Luca, Autin, Frederique, Babincak, Peter, Badea, Constantina, Bae, Jaechang, Batruch, Anatolia, Becker, Julia C., Bocian, Konrad, Bodroža, Bojana, Bourguignon, David, Bukowski, Marcin, Butera, Fabrizio, Butler, Sarah E., Chryssochoou, Xenia, Conway, Paul, Crawford, Jarret T., Croizet, Jean‐Claude, de Lemus, Soledad, Degner, Juliane, Dragon, Piotr, Durante, Federica, Easterbrook, Matthew J., Essien, Iniobong, Forgas, Joseph P., González, Roberto, Graf, Sylvie, Halama, Peter, Han, Gyuseog, Hong, Ryan Y, Houdek, Petr, Igou, Eric R., Inbar, Yoel, Jetten, Jolanda, Jimenez Leal, William, Jiménez‐Moya, Gloria, Kumar Karunagharan, Jaya, Kende, Anna, Korzh, Maria, Laham, Simon M., Lammers, Joris, Lim, Li, Manstead, Antony S. R., Međedović, Janko, Melton, Zachary J., Motyl, Matt, Ntani, Spyridoula, Kevin Owuamalam, Chuma, Peker, Müjde, Platow, Michael J., Prims, JP, Reyna, Christine, Rubin, Mark, Saab, Rim, Sankaran, Sindhuja, Shepherd, Lee, Sibley, Chris G., Sobkow, Agata, Spruyt, Bram, Stroebaek, Pernille, Sümer, Nebi, Sweetman, Joseph, Teixeira, Catia, Toma, Claudia, Ujhelyi, Adrienn, van der Toorn, Jojanneke, van Hiel, Alain, Vásquez‐ Echeverría, Alejandro, Vazquez, Alexandra, Vianello, Michelangelo, Vranka, Marek, Yzerbyt, Vincent, Zimmerman, Jennifer L., Brandt, M, Kuppens, T, Spears, R, Andrighetto, L, Autin, F, Babincak, P, Badea, C, Bae, J, Batruch, A, Becker, J, Bocian, K, Bodroža, B, Bourguignon, D, Bukowski, M, Butera, F, Butler, S, Chryssochoou, X, Conway, P, Crawford, J, Croizet, J, de Lemus, S, Degner, J, Dragon, P, Durante, F, Easterbrook, M, Essien, I, Forgas, J, González, R, Graf, S, Halama, P, Han, G, Hong, R, Houdek, P, Igou, E, Inbar, Y, Jetten, J, Jimenez Leal, W, Jiménez‐moya, G, Kumar Karunagharan, J, Kende, A, Korzh, M, Laham, S, Lammers, J, Lim, L, Manstead, A, Međedović, J, Melton, Z, Motyl, M, Ntani, S, Kevin Owuamalam, C, Peker, M, Platow, M, Prims, J, Reyna, C, Rubin, M, Saab, R, Sankaran, S, Shepherd, L, Sibley, C, Sobkow, A, Spruyt, B, Stroebaek, P, Sümer, N, Sweetman, J, Teixeira, C, Toma, C, Ujhelyi, A, van der Toorn, J, van Hiel, A, Vásquez‐ Echeverría, A, Vazquez, A, Vianello, M, Vranka, M, Yzerbyt, V, Zimmerman, J, Brandt, Mark J., Kuppens, Toon, Spears, Russell, Andrighetto, Luca, Autin, Frederique, Babincak, Peter, Badea, Constantina, Bae, Jaechang, Batruch, Anatolia, Becker, Julia C., Bocian, Konrad, Bodroža, Bojana, Bourguignon, David, Bukowski, Marcin, Butera, Fabrizio, Butler, Sarah E., Chryssochoou, Xenia, Conway, Paul, Crawford, Jarret T., Croizet, Jean‐Claude, de Lemus, Soledad, Degner, Juliane, Dragon, Piotr, Durante, Federica, Easterbrook, Matthew J., Essien, Iniobong, Forgas, Joseph P., González, Roberto, Graf, Sylvie, Halama, Peter, Han, Gyuseog, Hong, Ryan Y, Houdek, Petr, Igou, Eric R., Inbar, Yoel, Jetten, Jolanda, Jimenez Leal, William, Jiménez‐Moya, Gloria, Kumar Karunagharan, Jaya, Kende, Anna, Korzh, Maria, Laham, Simon M., Lammers, Joris, Lim, Li, Manstead, Antony S. R., Međedović, Janko, Melton, Zachary J., Motyl, Matt, Ntani, Spyridoula, Kevin Owuamalam, Chuma, Peker, Müjde, Platow, Michael J., Prims, JP, Reyna, Christine, Rubin, Mark, Saab, Rim, Sankaran, Sindhuja, Shepherd, Lee, Sibley, Chris G., Sobkow, Agata, Spruyt, Bram, Stroebaek, Pernille, Sümer, Nebi, Sweetman, Joseph, Teixeira, Catia, Toma, Claudia, Ujhelyi, Adrienn, van der Toorn, Jojanneke, van Hiel, Alain, Vásquez‐ Echeverría, Alejandro, Vazquez, Alexandra, Vianello, Michelangelo, Vranka, Marek, Yzerbyt, Vincent, and Zimmerman, Jennifer L.
- Abstract
The relationships between subjective status and perceived legitimacy are important for understanding the extent to which people with low status are complicit in their oppression. We use novel data from 66 samples and 30 countries (N = 12,788) and find that people with higher status see the social system as more legitimate than those with lower status, but there is variation across people and countries. The association between subject status and perceived legitimacy was never negative at any levels of eight moderator variables, although the positive association was sometimes reduced. Although not always consistent with hypotheses, group identification, self‐esteem, and beliefs in social mobility were all associated with perceived legitimacy among people who have low subjective status. These findings enrich our understanding of the relationship between social status and legitimacy.
- Published
- 2020
9. Public Opinion Surveys: a New Scale
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Castanho Silva, B., Andreadis, I., Anduiza, E., Blanusa, N., Morlet Corti, Y., Delfino, G., Rico, G., Ruth-Lovell, S.P., Spruyt, B., Steenbergen, Marco, Littvay, L., Rovira Kaltwasser, C., Castanho Silva, B., Andreadis, I., Anduiza, E., Blanusa, N., Morlet Corti, Y., Delfino, G., Rico, G., Ruth-Lovell, S.P., Spruyt, B., Steenbergen, Marco, Littvay, L., and Rovira Kaltwasser, C.
- Abstract
Item does not contain fulltext
- Published
- 2019
10. GERARDUS LISTRIUS' "EPISTOLA THEOLOGICA ADVERSVS DOMINICANOS SVOLLENSES"
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Spruyt, B. J.
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- 1991
11. ‘We the People’ or ‘We the Peoples’? A Comparison of Support for the Populist Radical Right and Populist Radical Left in the Netherlands
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Akkerman, A., Zaslove, A.S., Spruyt, B., Akkerman, A., Zaslove, A.S., and Spruyt, B.
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20 oktober 2017, Contains fulltext : 179943.pdf (publisher's version ) (Closed access), Research on the supply side of politics demonstrates that populism acts as a common denominator even though populist parties possess very different ideological positions. However, it is uncertain whether this translates to the demand side: Do voters support left and right-wing populist parties for similar reasons? Using the Netherlands as our case study, we investigate the common demand side characteristics of supporters of populist radical right and populist radical left parties. The paper concludes that populist attitudes (i.e. a people-centered notion of political representation) unify supporters of both populist radical left and populist radical right parties. Supporters of both parties also demonstrate lower levels of political trust (than voters for other parties): this is particularly the case for PVV supporters. Beyond these similarities we find that the PVV and the SP attract very different supporters. PVV supporters demonstrate low immigrant tolerance, while SP voters support more income equality.
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- 2017
12. Van etnocentrisme tot symbolisch racisme. : Over conceptuele en methodologische keuzes in het meten van etnische vooroordelen
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Spruyt, B. & Vanhoutte, B. and Siongers, J. & Elchardus, M.
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- 2009
13. Mijn academische leerjaren bij Bart De Schutter
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Gutwirth, SL, Cools, M., Eliaerts, C., Gutwirth, S., Joris, T., Spruyt, B., and Erasmus School of Law
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- 2003
14. Side-effects of pertussis toxin, pertussis vaccines and haemoinfluenza type B vaccine
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LEO, LGM, van Amsterdam JGC, te Biesebeek JD, van de Kuil A, Vleeming W, van der Laan JW, Spruyt B, Wemer J, de Wildt DJ, LEO, LGM, van Amsterdam JGC, te Biesebeek JD, van de Kuil A, Vleeming W, van der Laan JW, Spruyt B, Wemer J, and de Wildt DJ
- Abstract
RIVM rapport:Doel van de studie is de bijwerkingen van vaccins nader te bestuderen ter onderbouwing van voor te stellen richtlijnen. Bedoelde richtlijnen stellen eisen aan het verrichten van pre-klinische veiligheids-farmacologie van vaccins. Dit rapport beschrijft de cardiovasculaire en autonome effecten, die in-vivo worden waargenomen in jonge en volwassen ratten behandeld met hoge doseringen pertussis toxine, cellulair (DKTP-vaccin) en acellulair pertussis vaccin en Haemoinfluenza type b vaccin. Deze effecten refereren wellicht aan de collaps (flauwvallen) van de kinderen tijdens of vlak na de vaccinatie met kinkhoest vaccin. De belangrijkste effecten, die door pertussis toxine, DKTP and acellulair pertussis vaccin worden geinduceerd zijn hypotensie, tachycardie en remming van de adrenerge en cholinerge responsen. Volwassen ratten blijken gevoeliger voor deze stoffen te zijn dan jonge ratten en de respons hangt af van de toedieningsroute. Er worden geen effecten waargenomen in ratten, die behandeld zijn met DTP (deze mist de pertussis component) en Haemoinfluenza vaccin. Het wordt aanbevolen om de veiligheid van vaccins vast te stellen via bepaling van de cardiovasculaire en autonome bijwerkingen in volwassen ratten, die 3-4 keer met hoge dosis (20x de klinische dosering) en een middelhoge dosis zijn behandeld. Ten einde de klinische relevantie van de resultaten van het veiligheidsonderzoek afdoende vast te kunnen stellen, dient tot slot nog onderzocht te worden of herhaald i.m. toedienen van middelhoge dosis vaccins aan volwassen ratten dezelfde effecten induceert als waargenomen na i.v. toediening., Aim of the study is to investigate adverse side effects of vaccines to support the description of guidelines. Such guidelines describe the requirements how and when research to pre-clinical safety pharmacology vaccines are to be performed. This report describes the cardiovascular and autonomic effects observed in-vivo in young and adult rats treated with high doses of pertussis toxin, cellular (DKTP-vaccine) and acellular pertussis vaccine and Haemoinfluenza type b vaccine. These effects may refer to the collaps as observed in children vaccinated with pertussis vaccine. Main effects induced by pertussis toxin, DKTP and acellular pertussis vaccine are hypotension, tachycardia and inhibition of adrenergic and cholinergic responses. It appears that adult rats are more sensitive to these compounds than young rats and that the response depends on the route of administration. No effects are observed in rats treated with DTP, lacking the pertussis component and Haemoinfluenza vaccine. It is recommended to screen the safety of vaccines via evaluation of cardiovascular and autonomic side-effects in adult rats treated 3-4 times with a high (20-fold the clinical dose) and an intermediate dose. Finally, in order to establish properly the clinical relevance of the safety pharmacology requirements, it should be investigated whether multiple i.m. treatment of adult rats with intermediate doses of vaccines induces similar effects as observed after the intravenous route.
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- 1997
15. Reformation and Revolt in the Low Countries ALASTAIR DUKE
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Spruyt, B. J.
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- 1991
16. Erasmus of Rotterdam: The Man and the Scholar. Proceedings of the symposium held at the Erasmus University, Rotterdam, 9-11 November 1986 J. Sperna Weiland W. Th. M. Frijhoff
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Spruyt, B. J.
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- 1991
17. The Harvest of Humanism in Central Europe. Essays in Honor of Lewis W. Spitz Manfred P. Fleischer
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Spruyt, B. J.
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- 1992
18. De Nadere Reformatie in Utrecht ten tijde van Voetius: sporen in de gereformeerde kerkeraadsacta F. A. VAN LIEBURG
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Spruyt, B. J.
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- 1990
19. Subjective status and perceived legitimacy across countries
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Brandt, Mark J., Kuppens, Toon, Spears, Russell, Andrighetto, Luca, Autin, Frederique, Babincak, Peter, Badea, Constantina, Bae, Jaechang, Batruch, Anatolia, Becker, Julia C., Bocian, Konrad, Bodroža, Bojana, Bourguignon, David, Bukowski, Marcin, Butera, Fabrizio, Butler, Sarah E., Chryssochoou, Xenia, Conway, Paul, Crawford, Jarret T., Croizet, Jean Claude, de Lemus, Soledad, Degner, Juliane, Dragon, Piotr, Durante, Federica, Easterbrook, Matthew J., Essien, Iniobong, Forgas, Joseph P., González, Roberto, Graf, Sylvie, Halama, Peter, Han, Gyuseog, Hong, Ryan Y., Houdek, Petr, Igou, Eric R., Inbar, Yoel, Jetten, Jolanda, Jimenez Leal, William, Jiménez-Moya, Gloria, Karunagharan, Jaya Kumar, Kende, Anna, Korzh, Maria, Laham, Simon M., Lammers, Joris, Lim, Li, Manstead, Antony S.R., Međedović, Janko, Melton, Zachary J., Motyl, Matt, Ntani, Spyridoula, Owuamalam, Chuma Kevin, Peker, Müjde, Platow, Michael J., Prims, J. P., Reyna, Christine, Rubin, Mark, Saab, Rim, Sankaran, Sindhuja, Shepherd, Lee, Sibley, Chris G., Sobkow, Agata, Spruyt, Bram, Stroebaek, Pernille, Sümer, Nebi, Sweetman, Joseph, Teixeira, Catia P., Toma, Claudia, Ujhelyi, Adrienn, van der Toorn, Jojanneke, van Hiel, Alain, Vásquez-Echeverría, Alejandro, Vazquez, Alexandra, Vianello, Michelangelo, Vranka, Marek, Yzerbyt, Vincent, Zimmerman, Jennifer L., Leerstoel Ellemers, Social identity: Morality and diversity, Center for Intercultural and Indigenous Research, ERC, Tilburg University [Netherlands], University of Groningen [Groningen], Universita degli studi di Genova, Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition et l'Apprentissage (CeRCA), Université de Poitiers-Université de Tours (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Presov, Université Paris Nanterre - UFR Sciences psychologiques et sciences de l'éducation (UPN SPSE), Université Paris Nanterre (UPN), Gwangju Welfare Foundation, Université de Lausanne (UNIL), University of Osnabrueck, SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Partenaires INRAE, University of Novi Sad, Psychologie Ergonomique et Sociale pour l'Expérience utilisateurs (PErSEUs), Université de Lorraine (UL), Uniwersytet Jagielloński w Krakowie = Jagiellonian University (UJ), College of DuPage, Panteion University [Athens], The College of New Jersey (TCNJ), Laboratoire de Psychologie Sociale et Cognitive (LAPSCO), Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Granada [Granada], University of Hamburg, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca [Milano] (UNIMIB), University of Sussex, FernUniversität in Hagen, University of New South Wales [Sydney] (UNSW), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (UC), Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS), Slovak Academy of Sciences (SAS), Chonnam National University [Gwangju], National University of Singapore (NUS), University of Economics [Prague], University of Limerick (UL), University of Toronto, University of Queensland [Brisbane], Universidad de los Andes [Bogota] (UNIANDES), University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Eötvös Loránd University (ELTE), Ural State Law University, University of Melbourne, University of Cologne, Cardiff University, Institute of Criminological and Sociological Research, Belgrade, Serbia, University of Illinois [Chicago] (UIC), University of Illinois System, MEF University [Istanbul], Australian National University (ANU), DePaul University [Chicago], University of Newcastle [Australia] (UoN), American University of Beirut [Beyrouth] (AUB), University of Warsaw (UW), University of Northumbria at Newcastle [United Kingdom], University of Auckland [Auckland], Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU), Sabanci University [Istanbul], University of Exeter, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Utrecht University [Utrecht], Leiden University, Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Universidad de la República [Montevideo] (UDELAR), Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), Universita degli Studi di Padova, Charles University [Prague] (CU), Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL), Universidad de la República [Montevideo] (UCUR), UCL - SSH/IPSY - Psychological Sciences Research Institute, Department of Social Psychology, Università degli studi di Genova = University of Genoa (UniGe), University of Prešov, Université de Lausanne = University of Lausanne (UNIL), SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities (SWPS), Panteion University of Social and Political Sciences, Universidad de Granada = University of Granada (UGR), Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca = University of Milano-Bicocca (UNIMIB), Prague University of Economics and Business (VSE), University of Newcastle [Callaghan, Australia] (UoN), University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH), Universiteit Leiden, Universiteit Gent = Ghent University (UGENT), Università degli Studi di Padova = University of Padua (Unipd), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Tours-Université de Poitiers, Peker, Müjde, Sociology, Brussels Interdisciplinary Research centre on Migration and Minorities, Leerstoel Ellemers, Social identity: Morality and diversity, Social Psychology, Brandt, M, Kuppens, T, Spears, R, Andrighetto, L, Autin, F, Babincak, P, Badea, C, Bae, J, Batruch, A, Becker, J, Bocian, K, Bodroža, B, Bourguignon, D, Bukowski, M, Butera, F, Butler, S, Chryssochoou, X, Conway, P, Crawford, J, Croizet, J, de Lemus, S, Degner, J, Dragon, P, Durante, F, Easterbrook, M, Essien, I, Forgas, J, González, R, Graf, S, Halama, P, Han, G, Hong, R, Houdek, P, Igou, E, Inbar, Y, Jetten, J, Jimenez Leal, W, Jiménez‐moya, G, Kumar Karunagharan, J, Kende, A, Korzh, M, Laham, S, Lammers, J, Lim, L, Manstead, A, Međedović, J, Melton, Z, Motyl, M, Ntani, S, Kevin Owuamalam, C, Peker, M, Platow, M, Prims, J, Reyna, C, Rubin, M, Saab, R, Sankaran, S, Shepherd, L, Sibley, C, Sobkow, A, Spruyt, B, Stroebaek, P, Sümer, N, Sweetman, J, Teixeira, C, Toma, C, Ujhelyi, A, van der Toorn, J, van Hiel, A, Vásquez‐ Echeverría, A, Vazquez, A, Vianello, M, Vranka, M, Yzerbyt, V, and Zimmerman, J
- Subjects
CONTROL ,Social psychology (sociology) ,H Social Sciences (General) ,COMPENSATORY ,STRATEGIES ,Psychologie sociale ,Social Psychology ,media_common.quotation_subject ,SELF-ESTEEM ,L300 ,MODELS ,POWER ,Social Sciences ,[SHS.PSY]Humanities and Social Sciences/Psychology ,legitimacy ,050109 social psychology ,UNCERTAINTY ,050105 experimental psychology ,SYSTEM-JUSTIFICATION THEORY ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,10. No inequality ,Social identity theory ,Research Articles ,Legitimacy ,COMPENSATORY CONTROL ,status ,M-PSI/05 - PSICOLOGIA SOCIALE ,media_common ,social identity ,system justification ,HYPOTHESIS ,STABILITY ,Dynamique des groupes ,05 social sciences ,Self-esteem ,Social mobility ,Moderation ,C800 ,status, legitimacy, social identity, system justification ,Psychology ,System justification ,INEQUALITY ,Social psychology ,Research Article ,Social status - Abstract
The relationships between subjective status and perceived legitimacy are important for understanding the extent to which people with low status are complicit in their oppression. We use novel data from 66 samples and 30 countries (N = 12,788) and find that people with higher status see the social system as more legitimate than those with lower status, but there is variation across people and countries. The association between subjective status and perceived legitimacy was never negative at any levels of eight moderator variables, although the positive association was sometimes reduced. Although not always consistent with hypotheses, group identification, selfesteem, and beliefs in social mobility were all associated with perceived legitimacy among people who have low subjective status. These findings enrich our understanding of the relationship between social status and legitimacy., Center for Intercultural and Indigenous Research 15110006, H2020 European Research Council 759320, Center for Social Conflict and Cohesion Studies 15130009, Comision Nacional de Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnologica (CONICYT) CONICYT FONDECYT 1161371, Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness PSI2016-79971-P, Grant Agency of the Czech Republic 20-01214S, Institute of Psychology, Czech Academy of Sciences RVO: 68081740
- Published
- 2020
20. Studiekeuze in het hoger onderwijs. Vrouwelijkheid en mannelijkheid
- Author
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Ilse Laurijssen, Ignace Glorieux, Spruyt, B., Siongers, J., Tempus Omnia Revelat, and Sociologie
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socialization - Published
- 2014
21. In het culturele spoor van ...? Genderspecifieke intergenerationele overdracht van sociale en culturele pariticpatie
- Author
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Jessy Siongers, Bram Spruyt, Spruyt, B., Siongers, J., Tempus Omnia Revelat, and Sociologie
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Socizalization - Published
- 2014
22. Inleiding
- Author
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Spruyt, Bram, Siongers, Jessy, Spruyt, B., Siongers, J., Tempus Omnia Revelat, and Sociologie
- Subjects
socialization - Published
- 2014
23. Een politiek raamwerk voor e-government. Sla uw vrouw elke dag, vraag haar maar waar het goed voor is
- Author
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Paul de Hert, M., Cools, Eliaerts, Ch, Gutwirth, S., Joris, T., Spruyt, B., Metajuridica, and Recht Wetenschap Technologie en Samenleving
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law & technology - Abstract
een slimmere overheid betekent een machtigere overheid en macht zonder tegenmacht is risicovol. Wie gaat er waken over de gevolgen van deze evolutie? Prof. Bart De Schutter zetelt in de privacycommissie (de Commissie voor de bescherming van de persoonlijke levenssfeer). Dit adviserend orgaan moet zich beperken tot een toetsing van overheidsinitiatieven aan het privacygrondrecht. Ik zie daarbij twee problemen. Primo geloof ik, zoals gezegd, niet dat met privacy een echte rem wordt geplaatst op bijvoorbeeld het koppelen van bestanden. Privacy maakt het probleem (ongecontroleerde toename van overheidsmacht) gewoonweg niet helder. Secundo heeft de Belgische wetgever, bevreesd door echt onafhankelijke waakhonden, ervoor geopteerd om deze privacycommissie voor de helft te bemannen met overheidsambtenaren die op actieve wijze betrokken zijn bij e-government projecten. De waakhond is bijgevolg bias.
- Published
- 2003
24. Jongeren over politiek: een situatieschets en vergelijking met bevindingen uit eerder JOP-monitors
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Bram Spruyt, Filip Van Droogenbroeck, Bradt, L., Pleysier, S., Put, J., Siongers, J., Spruyt, B., Tempus Omnia Revelat, and Sociologie
- Subjects
socialization
25. Genderverschillen in testprestaties: een literatuuroverzicht en toepassing op het toelatingsexamen (tand)arts
- Author
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Lilith Roggemans, Bram Spruyt, Veld, Peter In T., Siongers, J., Spruyt, B., Tempus Omnia Revelat, Sociologie, Pathologische Biochemie en Fysiologie, Instituut Klinische Navorsing, Pathologie/moleculaire en cellulaire geneeskunde, Pathologische Anatomie, and Diabetes Pathologie & Therapie
- Subjects
socialization
26. De ene school is de andere niet: over concentratie en segregatie in het Vlaamse scholenlandschap
- Author
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GIL ANTOINE KEPPENS, Jessy Siongers, Bradt, L., Pleysier, S., Put, J., Siongers, J., Spruyt, B., Sociologie, and Tempus Omnia Revelat
- Subjects
socialization
27. Seksisme bij jongeren in Vlaanderen. Verschillen in seksistische attitudes naargelang geslacht, leeftijd en onderwijsvorm
- Author
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Lauren Vandenbossche, GIL ANTOINE KEPPENS, Bram Spruyt, Spruyt, B., Siongers, J., Tempus Omnia Revelat, and Sociologie
- Subjects
socialization
28. Religieuze beleving bij Vlaamse jongeren anno 2013
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Filip Van Droogenbroeck, Bram Spruyt, Bradt, L., Pleysier, S., Put, J., Siongers, J., Spruyt, B., Tempus Omnia Revelat, and Sociologie
- Subjects
socialization
29. Psychological capital and social class: A capital approach to understanding positive psychological states and their role in explaining social inequalities.
- Author
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De Moortel D, Vos M, Spruyt B, Vanroelen C, Hofmans J, and Dóci E
- Subjects
- Humans, Female, Male, Cross-Sectional Studies, Adult, Socioeconomic Factors, Middle Aged, Resilience, Psychological, Self Efficacy, Europe, Optimism psychology, Hope, Young Adult, Social Capital, Social Class
- Abstract
Psychological capital (PsyCap) is a multidimensional concept entailing hope, self-efficacy, optimism, and resilience. This paper argues that it can be considered a form of "capital" explaining social inequality. We test whether PsyCap can be integrated into the Bourdieusian capital framework by assessing its relationship with social, economic, and cultural capital. We also identify different types of social positions based on the volume and composition of psychological, economic, cultural, and social capital. We use cross-sectional data from the European Social Survey of 2012 (N = 35,313 respondents; 29 countries). To test the associations with the Bourdieusian capital types, we calculated multilevel spearman rank correlations and performed confirmatory factor analyses (CFA). Latent Class Analysis identified different types of social positions. We found positive weak correlations between PsyCap and the indicators of cultural capital (r ≤ .14) and positive moderate correlations with the indicators of economic and social capital (r ≤ .24). The results of the CFA showed that the fit of the 4-capital model was superior to that of the 3-capital model. We identified six types of social positions: two deprived types (with overall low capital levels); two well-off types (with overall high capital levels) and two types with high psychological and social capital in combination with varying levels of cultural and economic capital. Including PsyCap in the Bourdieusian capital framework acknowledges the power of positive psychological states regarding processes of social mobility and social inequality on the one hand and calls for understanding PsyCap as a social and group-level phenomenon on the other hand. As such, integrating PsyCap into the Bourdieusian framework can help to address the longstanding issue of understanding the relationship between social and individual differences in the study of social inequalities., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright: © 2024 De Moortel et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Classified out of society? How educational classification induces political alienation through feelings of misrecognition.
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van Noord J, Spruyt B, Kuppens T, and Spears R
- Subjects
- Humans, Europe, Educational Status
- Abstract
Less educated citizens are both descriptively and substantively outnumbered by higher educated citizens in political and societal institutions. While social science has devoted much time to explain why such education effects exist, it has largely neglected the role of feelings of misrecognition in inducing political alienation among less educated citizens. We argue that education has become so central in processes of economic and social stratification that it is likely that less educated citizens feel misrecognized due to their marginal presence in societal and political institutions, which would then lead to their political alienation. This would in particular be the case in societies that are more 'schooled', that is, societies where schooling is a more dominant and steering institution. We analysed data from 49,261 individuals in 34 European countries and found that feelings of misrecognition were strongly related to political distrust, dissatisfaction with democracy, and vote abstention. These relations explained a significant part of the difference between higher and less educated citizens in political alienation. We also found that this mediation effect was larger in countries that are more schooled., (© 2023 The Authors. The British Journal of Sociology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of London School of Economics and Political Science.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. When and Why People Prefer Higher Educated Politicians: Ingroup Bias, Deference, and Resistance.
- Author
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van Noord J, Kuppens T, Spruyt B, and Spears R
- Subjects
- Humans, Politics, Educational Status, Choice Behavior
- Abstract
When choosing between political candidates of different educational levels, do voters show ingroup bias or base their vote choice on candidates' perceived competence? We aim to investigate how (fictional) political candidates of different educational levels are evaluated and voted for, how this is affected by voters' educational level, and the role of perceived (Study 1) and manipulated competence (Study 2). Higher educated participants preferred higher to less educated candidates over and above their level of competence, particularly when they identified strongly with their educational level. This reflects ingroup bias among the higher educated. Less educated participants preferred higher educated candidates in Study 1, but did not prefer higher educated candidates when competence was manipulated independently from education in Study 2. The less educated, unlike the higher educated, therefore, seem to show deference to the assumed competence of the higher educated, because it disappears when more reliable competence information is available.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Researching Compassionate Communities From an Interdisciplinary Perspective: The Case of the Compassionate Communities Center of Expertise.
- Author
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Vanderstichelen S, Dury S, De Gieter S, Van Droogenbroeck F, De Moortel D, Van Hove L, Rodeyns J, Aernouts N, Bakelants H, Cohen J, Chambaere K, Spruyt B, Zohar G, Deliens L, and De Donder L
- Subjects
- Humans, Palliative Care, Empathy
- Abstract
Compassionate Communities are places and environments in which people, networks, and institutions actively work together and are empowered to improve the circumstances, health, and well-being of those facing serious illness, death, dying, and loss. The study of their development, implementation, and evaluation requires an interdisciplinary research approach that has hitherto been lacking. In 2020, 8 research groups from 4 faculties at Vrije Universiteit Brussel united in the interdisciplinary Compassionate Communities Center of Expertise (COCO) to investigate Compassionate Communities. This article describes the first results of COCO: (a) an interdisciplinary mode of collaboration, (b) a shared conceptual understanding and definition of Compassionate Communities, and (c) a shared research agenda on Compassionate Communities., (© The Author(s) 2022. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Gerontological Society of America. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.)
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Graduate students locked down? PhD students' satisfaction with supervision during the first and second COVID-19 lockdown in Belgium.
- Author
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van Tienoven TP, Glorieux A, Minnen J, Te Braak P, and Spruyt B
- Subjects
- Belgium epidemiology, Communicable Disease Control, Humans, Pandemics, Personal Satisfaction, Students, COVID-19 epidemiology, COVID-19 prevention & control
- Abstract
Background: Supervisor support is crucial for the successful and timely completion of the PhD and the largest contributor to PhD students' overall job satisfaction. The COVID-19 pandemic affected PhD students' life substantially through delayed experiments, missed timelines, running out of funding, change to online team- and supervisor meetings, mandatory working from home, and social confinement., Aim: This contribution considers PhD students' satisfaction scores to reflect the extent to which PhD students felt supported by their supervisor during the COVID-19 pandemic so far and aims to investigate to what extent did PhD students' satisfaction with supervisor support changed over time., Method: It uses two longitudinal two cohorts of wave 4 to 5 of the PhD Survey at a Belgian university. These cohorts are representative of two different ways the COVID-19 pandemic might have impacted doctoral research. Cohort 1 (n = 345) includes a pre-COVID measurement (April-May 2019) and a measurement immediately after the start of the abrupt lockdown in April-May 2020. Cohort 2 (n = 349) includes the measurement at the onset of the pandemic in 2020 and after a year with continuously changing containment policies (April-May 2021). The composite measure of satisfaction with supervisor support is based on six items with high internal consistency., Results: No significant net effect of time was revealed. Instead within subject interactions with time showed that in cohort 1, PhD students at the start of their PhD trajectory and PhD students with family responsibilities reported lower supervisor satisfaction scores over time. In cohort 2, PhD students not pursuing academic careers reported lower satisfaction scores over time., Conclusion: In times of crises, special attention needs to be paid to PhD students who are extra susceptible to uncertainties because of their junior status or personal situation, and especially those PhD students for whom doctoral research is not a trajectory to position themselves in academia., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
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34. Subjective status and perceived legitimacy across countries.
- Author
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Brandt MJ, Kuppens T, Spears R, Andrighetto L, Autin F, Babincak P, Badea C, Bae J, Batruch A, Becker JC, Bocian K, Bodroža B, Bourguignon D, Bukowski M, Butera F, Butler SE, Chryssochoou X, Conway P, Crawford JT, Croizet JC, de Lemus S, Degner J, Dragon P, Durante F, Easterbrook MJ, Essien I, Forgas JP, González R, Graf S, Halama P, Han G, Hong RY, Houdek P, Igou ER, Inbar Y, Jetten J, Jimenez Leal W, Jiménez-Moya G, Karunagharan JK, Kende A, Korzh M, Laham SM, Lammers J, Lim L, Manstead ASR, Međedović J, Melton ZJ, Motyl M, Ntani S, Owuamalam CK, Peker M, Platow MJ, Prims JP, Reyna C, Rubin M, Saab R, Sankaran S, Shepherd L, Sibley CG, Sobkow A, Spruyt B, Stroebaek P, Sümer N, Sweetman J, Teixeira CP, Toma C, Ujhelyi A, van der Toorn J, van Hiel A, Vásquez-Echeverría A, Vazquez A, Vianello M, Vranka M, Yzerbyt V, and Zimmerman JL
- Abstract
The relationships between subjective status and perceived legitimacy are important for understanding the extent to which people with low status are complicit in their oppression. We use novel data from 66 samples and 30 countries ( N = 12,788) and find that people with higher status see the social system as more legitimate than those with lower status, but there is variation across people and countries. The association between subjective status and perceived legitimacy was never negative at any levels of eight moderator variables, although the positive association was sometimes reduced. Although not always consistent with hypotheses, group identification, self-esteem, and beliefs in social mobility were all associated with perceived legitimacy among people who have low subjective status. These findings enrich our understanding of the relationship between social status and legitimacy., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts of interest to report., (© 2020 The Authors. European Journal of Social Psychology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Measuring School Absenteeism: Administrative Attendance Data Collected by Schools Differ From Self-Reports in Systematic Ways.
- Author
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Keppens G, Spruyt B, and Dockx J
- Abstract
In order to use attendance monitoring within an integrative strategy for preventing, assessing and addressing cases of youth with school absenteeism, we need to know whether the attendance data collected by schools cover all students with (emerging) school attendance problems (SAPs). The current article addresses this issue by comparing administrative attendance data collected by schools with self-reported attendance data from the same group of students (age 15-16) in Flanders, the Dutch-speaking part of Belgium ( N = 4344). We seek to answer the following question: does an estimation of unauthorized absenteeism based on attendance data as collected by schools through electronic registration differ from self-reported unauthorized absenteeism and, if so, are the differences between administrative and self-reported unauthorized absenteeism systematic? Our results revealed a weak association between self-reported unauthorized school absenteeism and registered unauthorized school absenteeism. Boys, students in technical and vocational tracks and students who speak a foreign language at home, with a less-educated mother and who receive a school allowance, received more registered unauthorized absences than they reported themselves. In addition, pupils with school refusal and who were often authorized absent from school received more registered unauthorized absences compared to their self-reported unauthorized school absenteeism. In the discussion, we elaborate on the implications of our findings., (Copyright © 2019 Keppens, Spruyt and Dockx.)
- Published
- 2019
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36. Benevolent and Hostile Sexism in Social Spheres: The Impact of Parents, School and Romance on Belgian Adolescents' Sexist Attitudes.
- Author
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Mastari L, Spruyt B, and Siongers J
- Abstract
Despite growing public awareness and policy efforts, gender equality has not yet been fully established in Western societies. Previous research has shown that hostile and benevolent sexist attitudes, which are grounded in traditional gender stereotypes, play a key role in the reproduction of gender inequalities. Whereas, hostile and benevolent sexism among adolescents has been previously studied, limited attention has been paid to social characteristics in understanding the support for these attitudes. In this article, we aim to study how the family, the school and romantic partnerships relate to adolescents' benevolent and hostile sexist attitudes. We relied on data gathered in 2013 by the Flemish Youth Research Platform and performed multivariate analyses on 755 parent-child dyads ( n
♂ = 342; n♀ = 413). Our results indicate that social characteristics especially matter to explain the variation in benevolent sexist attitudes among girls and hostile sexist attitudes among boys. Among girls, being in a romantic relationship and parents' traditional moral beliefs was strongly related to benevolent sexism; while for boys, hostile sexism was strongly related to being enrolled in technical and vocational education. In the conclusion, we elaborate on the implications of our findings., (Copyright © 2019 Mastari, Spruyt and Siongers.)- Published
- 2019
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37. Conflict thinking: Exploring the social basis of perceiving the world through the lens of social conflict.
- Author
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Spruyt B, Van Droogenbroeck F, and van Noord J
- Abstract
Both human rights organisations and studies in political communication have noticed an increasing use of conflict frames in contemporary politics within Western societies. As such frames are only interesting for political actors if they find resonance among a substantial share of the population, these observations raise the question as to who supports conflict thinking and why? Whereas public opinion research has studied many attitudes that are based on conflict thinking (e.g., ethnic prejudice, populism, feelings of collective deprivation, and welfare chauvinism), this paper addresses the more fundamental question as to whether it is possible to measure people's general tendency to perceive the world through the lens of social conflict. Data from the European Quality of Life Survey (34,655 respondents; 34 countries) reveal strong correlations between the perceptions of the amount of tension between seven pairs of groups. These correlations are combined into a single scale reflecting the amount of perceived social conflict in society. Subsequent multilevel analyses support the claim that conflict thinking is embedded in different feelings of vulnerability. In the conclusion, we elaborate on the implications of our findings., (Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2018
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38. Gender differences in mental health problems among adolescents and the role of social support: results from the Belgian health interview surveys 2008 and 2013.
- Author
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Van Droogenbroeck F, Spruyt B, and Keppens G
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Anxiety diagnosis, Anxiety epidemiology, Anxiety prevention & control, Belgium epidemiology, Cross-Sectional Studies, Depression diagnosis, Depression epidemiology, Depression prevention & control, Female, Health Surveys, Humans, Male, Prevalence, Sex Factors, Stress, Psychological diagnosis, Stress, Psychological epidemiology, Stress, Psychological prevention & control, Young Adult, Anxiety psychology, Depression psychology, Social Support, Stress, Psychological psychology
- Abstract
Background: To investigate how social support relates to mental health problems for Belgian late adolescents and young adults 15-25 years of age. Additionally, we examine changes in mental health problems between 2008 and 2013 and investigate gender differences., Methods: Multivariate analysis of variance was used to investigate (1) psychological distress, (2) anxiety and (3) depression among 713 boys and 720 girls taken from two successive waves (2008 and 2013) of a representative sample of the Belgian population (Belgian Health Interview survey). Psychological distress was measured by the General Health Questionnaire, anxiety and depression by the Symptom Check-List-90-Revised., Results: Gender differences were found for psychological distress, anxiety and depression with girls reporting significantly higher scores than boys. Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) revealed that adolescents who are dissatisfied with their social contacts and experience poor social support reported more psychological distress, anxiety and depression. In addition, young adult boys (20-25 years of age) were more likely to experience psychological distress when compared to late adolescent boys (15-19 years of age). Finally, the prevalence of anxiety and depression increased substantially between 2008 and 2013 for girls and to a lesser extent for boys., Conclusions: Especially girls and young people with poor social support experience mental health problems more frequently than boys and those with strong social support. Improving social support among young people may serve as a protective buffer to mental health problems.
- Published
- 2018
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39. I Ain't Gonna Make It. Comparing Job Demands-Resources and Attrition Intention Between Senior Teachers and Senior Employees of Six Other Occupational Categories in Flanders.
- Author
-
Van Droogenbroeck F and Spruyt B
- Subjects
- Belgium, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Administrative Personnel psychology, Burnout, Professional psychology, Employment psychology, Health Personnel psychology, Personnel Turnover, Retirement psychology, School Teachers psychology
- Abstract
Teachers are often thought to retire early and have more stress and burnout than other human service professionals. In this article, we investigate attrition intention amongst senior teachers and senior employees of six other blue- and white-collar occupational categories using the Job Demands-Resources (JD-R) model. We followed a two-step approach. First, analysis of variance and logistic regression analysis was used to assess differences in the level of job demands, resources, and attrition intention between occupations for male and female employees separately. Subsequently, multiple group path analysis was used to assess the invariance of the JD-R model across occupational groups and genders. We used representative data gathered in Flanders among 6,810 senior employees (45 years or older). Results indicate that there are differences in the determinants of attrition intention between men and women. The differences in attrition intention are minimal between occupations once controlled for job demands and resources. In addition, the JD-R model is largely invariant across white-collar occupations and gender. We provide support for both the energetic and motivational process of the JD-R model., (© The Author(s) 2016.)
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. To stop or not to stop: an empirical assessment of the determinants of early retirement among active and retired senior teachers.
- Author
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Van Droogenbroeck F and Spruyt B
- Subjects
- Age Factors, Aged, Belgium epidemiology, Employment statistics & numerical data, Faculty statistics & numerical data, Female, Humans, Logistic Models, Male, Middle Aged, Retirement statistics & numerical data, Risk Factors, Employment psychology, Retirement psychology
- Abstract
While the official retirement age for most Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries is 65 years, the average employee in the majority of OECD countries retires considerably earlier. With the coming retirement of the baby boom generation, increasing life expectancy, and budget restrictions due to the financial crisis, most countries want to motivate employees to work longer. For these reasons, studying early retirement is highly relevant. In this article, we examine the determinants of early retirement among working and retired senior teachers between 45 and 65 years old in Flanders, Belgium. Although a widespread early exit culture exists among teachers and teacher shortages are expected in several countries, little attention has been given to the specific determinants of early retirement among teachers. Using multivariate linear regression analysis, we study the preferred retirement age of working teachers (n = 1,878) and the actual retirement age of retired teachers (n = 1,246). Financial factors, feelings of emotional exhaustion, and dissatisfaction with nonteaching-related workload (such as meetings and paperwork) have an important influence on the retirement decision. Results show that the majority of teachers make use of early exit schemes. This illustrates the existence of a widespread early exit culture among senior teachers in Flanders., (© The Author(s) 2014.)
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Grooming induced by intrahypothalamic injection of ACTH in the rat: comparison with grooming induced by intrahypothalamic electrical stimulation and i.c.v. injection of ACTH.
- Author
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Van Erp AM, Kruk MR, Willekens-Bramer DC, Bressers WM, Roeling TA, Veening JG, and Spruyt BM
- Subjects
- Adrenocorticotropic Hormone administration & dosage, Animals, Cosyntropin pharmacology, Electric Stimulation, Grooming physiology, Hypothalamus anatomy & histology, Injections, Injections, Intraventricular, Male, Motor Activity drug effects, Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus anatomy & histology, Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus physiology, Rats, Rats, Inbred Strains, Yawning drug effects, Adrenocorticotropic Hormone pharmacology, Grooming drug effects, Hypothalamus physiology
- Abstract
Intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) elicits grooming in the rat, but the neural organization of this response is still obscure. Electrical stimulation (EHS) in an area around the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVH) also elicits grooming. This hypothalamic area contains many ACTH-immunoreactive fibres. Injection of ACTH1-24 (0.3 microgram/0.3 microliters) in the same area elicits intense grooming responses in the rat. Latency, intensity and precise patterning of the grooming response are dependent upon the exact site of injection. Comparison of grooming responses elicited by EHS, ACTH injected i.c.v. and ACTH injected in the PVH reveals that these are slightly dissimilar. This may provide clues as to the brain mechanisms involved in the organization of the different components of grooming. EHS does not elicits scratching and even reduces 'spontaneous' scratching. Also, EHS-elicited grooming is characterized by short pauses. The time-course of appearance of yawning differs between ACTH-PVH and ACTH-i.c.v. injections. Excited locomotion elicited only by ACTH-i.c.v. is apparently caused by ACTH-sensitive systems outside the PVH. The results suggest that the ACTH-containing part of the hypothalamus around the PVH is crucially involved in the organization of grooming behaviour. We believe that at this level in the brain, the subroutines of grooming, scratching and yawning are integrated into one skin maintenance behaviour.
- Published
- 1991
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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