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Polymorphisms of the ACTN3 and ACE genes related to athletic performance are controversial due to those who favor differences between ethnicity and athletic status. However, although the above is the subject of debate through genetics, it is known that the potential benefits of the R + I allele fall on anaerobic performance and the carriers of the X + D allele on aerobic performance, biologically indicative that the genotype RX + DD + II is the key to the excellent performance of athletes with similar physical abilities and makes both power and endurance phenotypes important. The objective of this paper was to select and describe the studies that support the association of the genotype of the ACTN3 and ACE genes with the performance of individual sports athletes, considered elite for their high sports performance. 1,153 articles on the subject were reviewed and only 13 were included in the research. The results obtained indicate that athletes with the RR/RX + ID/DD genotype stand out in speed/power and those with the XX + II genotype in endurance. In conclusion, it is possible that there is a specific genetic structure associated with the polymorphisms of the ACTN3 and ACE genes that allow them to be predisposed to a high level of anaerobic and/or aerobic performance., Los polimorfismos de los genes ACTN3 y ACE relacionados al rendimiento deportivo son causa de polémica debido a quienes se inclinan por las diferencias entre el origen étnico y el estado atlético. Sin embargo, aunque lo anterior es objeto de debate a través de la genética se conoce que los beneficios potenciales del alelo R + I recaen en el rendimiento anaerobio y los portadores del alelo X + D en el rendimiento aerobio, indicativos de que biológicamente el genotipo RX + DD + II es la clave en el excelente desempeño de los atletas con capacidades físicas similares y torna importantes tanto a los fenotipos de potencia como a los de resistencia. El objetivo de este artículo fue seleccionar y describir los estudios que sustentan la asociación del genotipo de los genes ACTN3 y ACE con el rendimiento de los atletas de deportes individuales, considerados de élite por su alto desempeño deportivo. Se revisaron 1,153 artículos sobre el tema y solo 13 fueron incluidos en la investigación. Los resultados obtenidos indican que los deportistas con el genotipo RR/RX + ID/DD destacan en velocidad/potencia y con el genotipo XX + II en resistencia. En conclusión, es posible que exista una estructura genética específica y asociada a los polimorfismos de los genes ACTN3 y ACE que les permite estar predispuestos a un alto nivel de rendimiento anaeróbico y/o aeróbico.

In this article the efficiency of professional football clubs from Australia, Brazil, England, France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Portugal, Russia, Scotland and Spain was investigated using data envelopment analysis (DEA). In order to assess impact of accounting policies on players' registrations on football clubs efficiency, football clubs not recognizing professional players' registrations as assets were added in data. The results of analysis show that capitalization of purchased players' registrations influences efficiency of football club, but it isn't a crucial factor. Another important factors affecting on efficiency of football clubs are size of club and its capital structure.

In this paper we analyze modern approaches which are used to measure efficiency of professional football clubs. We have made a brief survey of current scientific researches over last few years devoted to the football clubs' efficiency. The results of our research show that the most popular object of study is football clubs from Great Britain. It can be explained due to the high information transparency and business activity on the stock market. The most popular method of analysis used in modern researches is the method of data envelopment analysis (DEA). On the base of analyzed studies it is possible to sum up that sports performance of football club depends primarily on the human capital of players and coaches and staff costs. The financial efficiency of the football clubs mainly depends on the sports efficiency. © IDOSI Publications, 2013.

In this article the efficiency of professional football clubs from Australia, Brazil, England, France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Portugal, Russia, Scotland and Spain was investigated using data envelopment analysis (DEA). In order to assess impact of accounting policies on players' registrations on football clubs efficiency, football clubs not recognizing professional players' registrations as assets were added in data. The results of analysis show that capitalization of purchased players' registrations influences efficiency of football club, but it isn't a crucial factor. Another important factors affecting on efficiency of football clubs are size of club and its capital structure.

In this paper we analyze modern approaches which are used to measure efficiency of professional football clubs. We have made a brief survey of current scientific researches over last few years devoted to the football clubs' efficiency. The results of our research show that the most popular object of study is football clubs from Great Britain. It can be explained due to the high information transparency and business activity on the stock market. The most popular method of analysis used in modern researches is the method of data envelopment analysis (DEA). On the base of analyzed studies it is possible to sum up that sports performance of football club depends primarily on the human capital of players and coaches and staff costs. The financial efficiency of the football clubs mainly depends on the sports efficiency. © IDOSI Publications, 2013.

In this article the efficiency of professional football clubs from Australia, Brazil, England, France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Portugal, Russia, Scotland and Spain was investigated using data envelopment analysis (DEA). In order to assess impact of accounting policies on players' registrations on football clubs efficiency, football clubs not recognizing professional players' registrations as assets were added in data. The results of analysis show that capitalization of purchased players' registrations influences efficiency of football club, but it isn't a crucial factor. Another important factors affecting on efficiency of football clubs are size of club and its capital structure.