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The purpose of this study was to investigate potential differences in the levels of reported sport commitment model variables on the basis of participation outlet and skill level, thereby allowing [...]

The intangible benefits from hosting the 2012 summer olympics for London, manchester and Glasgow are evaluated. Findings revealed an illustrative total of willingness to pay intangible effects in in the area of 2 billion pounds sterling. Determinants of willingness to pay for hosting the event are examined.

A study was conducted to examine the United Kingdom's decision to include sports participation in its public policy agenda. A qualitative choice framework was used. Findings reveal more support for the predictions of heterodox theories of sports demand compared with the neoclassical theories. Results also show the presence of support for the Sport England drivers of change in participation.

This study examined the influence of self, situations, and the symbolic interactionism of the sport consumption experience on the attendance frequency of 121 spectators (49 first time attendees and 72 repeat attendees) at a minor league ice hockey game. Multiple regression analyses revealed that the self-situation phenomenon of symbolic interactionism explained approximately 24% of the variance in the participants' game attendance frequency. More specifically, the results indicated that the opportunities for self-expression afforded by the sport consumption experience positively and significantly influenced repeat attendance. Additionally, the results also revealed the symbolic communicative properties of sport consumption. While first time spectators were more likely to infer something about consumers based on the types of sport events they attend in general; repeat spectators were more likely to affix a symbolic meaning to others in attendance at this team's hockey games. The results illustrated the social psychology that undergirds sport consumer behavior., Sport has become a pervasive aspect of the lives of those who are involved in it either actively as sport participants or vicariously as sport spectators. Although sport undoubtedly offers [...]

The shift in ideas to organize major world sporting events from event-led to event-themed, enabling the associated events to improve local economic conditions is put forth.

The relationship between sports as cultural capital and economic capital, and gender and class differences in the degree to which adult sporting practices mediate the varsity sport-adult income relationship in the US are studied. The results show that there exist a association between adolescent participation sports and adult income, and that adult participation in sports more strongly mediates this association for men than for women in the US.

The positive economic implications of the right to host 2012 Olympics for London, United Kingdom are discussed. The impact of the event on transport, housing and other facilities in the city are analyzed. Post event effects are also analyzed based on the experiences of other countries.

BAADE R. A. and MATHESON V. A. (2004) The quest for the cup: assessing the economic impact of the World Cup, Reg. Studies 38, 343-354. Hosting the World Cup, the world's second largest sporting event, is a potentially expensive affair. The co-hosts of the 2002 games, Japan and South Korea, spent a combined US$4 billion building new facilities or refurbishing old facilities in preparation for the event. An ex post analysis of the 1994 World Cup held in the US suggests that the economic impact of the event cannot justify this magnitude of expenditures and that host cities experienced cumulative losses of $5.5 to $9.3 billion as opposed to ex ante estimates of a $4 billion gain touted by event boosters. Potential hosts should consider with care whether the award of the World Cup is an honour or a burden. Sports Soccer Football World Cup Stadiums BAADE R. A. et MATHESON V. A. (2004) La quete de la Coupe: une evaluation des retombees economiques de la Coupe du Monde, Reg. Studies 38, 343-354. Recevoir la Coupe du Monde, le deuxieme championnat mondial, pourrait s'averer couteux. Les deux pays d'accueil du championnat de 2002, a savoir le Japon et la Coree du sud, ont depense a eux deux $4 milliards pour la construction de nouveaux equipements et la renovation de vieux complexes en vue du championnat. Une analyse ex post de la Coupe du Monde de 1994, organisee aux Etats-Unis, laisse supposer que les retombees economiques du championnat ne justifient pas des depenses d'une telle importance et que les villes d'accueil ont accuse des pertes consolidees de $5,5 a $9,3 milliards par rapport aux estimations ex ante des benefices de l'ordre de $4 milliards vantees dans la publicite. Les futurs pays d'accueil devraient considerer avec prudence si, oui ou non, l'attribution de la Coupe du Monde constitue une manne ou un fardeau. Sports 'Soccer' Football Coupe du Monde Stades BAADE R. A. and MATHESON V. A. (2004) Die Jagd auf den Pokal--Beurteilung der wirtschaftlichen Auswirkung des Weltmeisterschaftspokals, Reg. Studies 38, 343-354. Gastgeber des Wettkampfes um den Weltsmeisterschaftspokal, dem zweitgrossten Sportereignis der Welt, zu sein, konnte sich durchaus als ein kostpieliges Vergnugen erweisen. Japan und Sudkorea, die gemeinsamen Gastgeber der Wettspiele im Jahre 2002, gaben zusammen $4 Billionen fur Vorbereitungen, fur den Bau neuer, bz.w. der Erneuerung alter Anlagen, aus. Eine im nachhinein durchgefuhrte Analyse der Weltmeisterschaft, die 1994 in den USA abgehalten wurde, legt nahe, dass die wirtschaftliche Auswirkung des Wettkampfes nicht den Umfang der Ausgaben rechtfertigt, und dass Gastgeberstadte Gesamtverluste von $5,5 bis $9,3 Billionen erlitten, im Gegensatz zu vorausgegangenen Schatzungen eines Gewinns von $4 Billionen, den Wettkampfwerbetrommler versprochen hatten. Etwaige Gastgeber sollten sorgfaltig uberlegen, ob die Verleihung der Weltmeisterschaft eine Ehre oder eine Burde darstellt. Sport Fussball Weltmeisterschaftspokal Stadien BAADE R. A. y MATHESON V. A. (2004) En busca de la Copa: una evaluacion del impacto economico de la Copa del Mundo, Reg. Studies 38, 343-354. Ser el pais anfitrion de la Copa del Mundo, el segundo evento deportivo mas importante del mundo, es potencialmente un asunto caro. Los anfitriones de los juegos del 2002, Japon y Korea del Sur, gastaron una suma combinada de $4 billones construyendo nuevas o restaurando viejas instalaciones como parte de los preparativos para el evento. Un analisis ex post de la Copa del Mundo de 1994 que se celebro en los Estados Unidos sugiere que el impacto economico del evento no puede justificar tal magnitud de gastos y que las ciudades anfitrionas experimentan unas perdidas cumulativas de entre $5.5 y $9.3 billones en comparacion con estimaciones ex ante de ganancias de unos $4 billones pronosticado por los promotores del evento. Aquellos potenciales anfitriones deberian considerar cuidadosamente si la concesion de la Copa del Mundo es un honor o una carga. Deportes Futbol Copa del Mundo Estadios JEL classifications: L83, R53

An analysis of the symbiotic relationship between broadcasting and sports by taking up an economic and comparative approach, examining the themes of policy interventions and its impact on market outcomes and conduct of broadcasting companies, contrasting the situation between EU and USA is presented. A number of policy implications are outlined as well as public-policy issues, which affect the structure and development of the TV sector are discussed.

An insight into the economics of the organizational form of leagues that affects the extent of competition in sports and also on the optimal size and number of leagues, comparing American and European organizational forms is presented. The results reveals that the European system of promotions and relegation is superior to the closed structure of American league both of which produce too few major league teams permitting them to be monopolies.

A discussion on the attempt to decipher the true objective function of team owners of sports teams, as it affects both owner behavior and league performance is presented. The ownerEs objectives are found to vary by team, league and country and the necessity of taking fuller account of the diversity of ownership objectives for modeling the behavior and performance of sports league also affected by the owners other assets.

The available evidence on sports contests is reviewed and some puzzles regarding the separation of selection are identified, and incentive effects and the impact of incentive pay in team settings as well as new evidences supporting the 'classical' tournament theory is presented. The need to investigate the parameters of the prize-money structure at the disposal of the race organization to maximize the performance of the athletes is highlighted.

Byline: Bruce A. Seaman (1) Keywords: income dispersion; labor markets; methodology; production functions; sports Abstract: Is there a role for sports economics in arts research? Despite references to similarities between the arts and sports (especially community impacts, demand interdependencies, and the presence of superstars), the two burgeoning literatures operate in near isolation from one another. This parochialism is not justified by legitimate distinctions arts labor analysis, in particular, could benefit from sports research. This paper demonstrates this proposition with a focus on: team production functions and income dispersion unions and rent distribution managerial and director productivity earnings functions and changing talent distributions related to competing superstar theories and career development, screening and human capital theory. Author Affiliation: (1) Department of Economics, Andrew Young School of Policy Studies, Georgia State University, University Plaza, Atlanta, GA, 30303, U.S.A Article History: Registration Date: 11/10/2004