Search

Nowadays, numerous sporting events of diverse nature take place every week. This highlights the importance of conducting studies to assess their quality and determine the best event to participate in. Obtaining this information will allow organisers and managers to improve the services offered in order to meet the growing demands of users. The purpose of this study was to analyse the perception of quality by the athletes who attended and participated in the Campeonato de España de Selecciones Autonómicas de Balonmano 2022 (CESA BM 2022), with a gender breakdown. The sample consisted of 514 athletes. Data collection was carried out telematically by means of an online survey using the "Encuestas" tool of the University of Murcia. Perceived quality elements were assessed, as well as the importance of performance, segregated by gender and category of participation. The main results revealed that for athletes, the best rated dimension was "Future intentions", while the worst was "Perceived value". Some conclusions drawn from this study include that the female gender of the sample perceived higher quality compared to the male gender. It was also observed that players in the infantile category perceived higher quality than cadets and juniors, and statistically significant differences were also found between the various elements of the study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rural sport events can play an important role in the sustainable development of rural areas, and bring various benefits. The atmosphere of a rural sport event covers the character and feeling of a place and situation. The aim of this article is to assess the impact of rural sport event atmosphere on participants. Research was conducted using the IPA method (Importance–Performance Analysis). On 22 January 2022, 127 respondents assessed the atmosphere of a running sport event—before the run defining "importance", and after the run defining "performance" (a survey questionnaire with a five-point Likert scale was used). The research covers three groups of factors: event organization (rules and safety, management and hosting, sport competition class), relationships between participants (integration, sharing passion, ability to compete), and event place (attractiveness of the area, attractiveness of the sport competition place, and the will to return to the place). For both the "importance" and "performance" scales, the examined factors received high values (from 3.80 to 4.77). The conducted research shows that atmosphere is a key element when building a rural sport event. Satisfaction with a running event has a positive impact on the perception of the event and its atmospheric components. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Belügyi Szemle / Academic Journal of Internal Affairs is the property of Ministry of Interior of Hungary and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Rural sport events can play an important role in the sustainable development of rural areas, and bring various benefits. The atmosphere of a rural sport event covers the character and feeling of a place and situation. The aim of this article is to assess the impact of rural sport event atmosphere on participants. Research was conducted using the IPA method (Importance–Performance Analysis). On 22 January 2022, 127 respondents assessed the atmosphere of a running sport event—before the run defining “importance”, and after the run defining “performance” (a survey questionnaire with a five-point Likert scale was used). The research covers three groups of factors: event organization (rules and safety, management and hosting, sport competition class), relationships between participants (integration, sharing passion, ability to compete), and event place (attractiveness of the area, attractiveness of the sport competition place, and the will to return to the place). For both the “importance” and “performance” scales, the examined factors received high values (from 3.80 to 4.77). The conducted research shows that atmosphere is a key element when building a rural sport event. Satisfaction with a running event has a positive impact on the perception of the event and its atmospheric components.

Sport events of various scales are becoming increasingly popular in modern society, attracting diverse audiences and offering significant entertainment value. This study aims to explore the factors that influence spectators’ intention to attend the stadium, by extending theory of planned behavior model from the perspective of perceived value. Using a quantitative research approach, the study involved a sample size of 334 spectators surveyed from the 2023 Vietnam Student Football Championship and utilized Smart PLS version 4.0 for data analysis. The results indicated that perceived enjoyment significantly affects both attitude (β = 0.358, p = 0.000) and perceived value (β = 0.712, p = 0.000). Perceived fee negatively affects attitude (β = –0.084, p = 0.025) and perceived value (β = –0.068, p = 0.047). Perceived risk negatively affects attitude (β = –0.130, p = 0.001) but does not significantly affect perceived value. Attitude positively influences intention (β = 0.227, p = 0.000), and perceived value significantly influences both attitude (β = 0.293, p = 0.000) and intention (β = 0.437, p = 0.000). Team identification moderates the relationship between attitude and intention (β = 0.128, p = 0.010). The findings highlight the importance of enhancing perceived value to positively shape spectators’ attitude and intention, thereby increasing attendance at sport events.

AbstractNon-traditional sport event has received much attention in recent years. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of sport event image and attitudes toward event in predicting satisfaction with event and behavioral intentions. A sample of 182 obstacle course runners in Spain was surveyed to test the research model using structural equation modeling. The results showed that event characteristics, which is one of the dimensions of sport event image, and participants’ attitudes toward event positively influenced satisfaction, which in turn, together with attitudes, positively influenced behavioral intentions for repeat visits and recommendations. However, the destination characteristics dimension of sport event image had no impact on attitudes and satisfaction. Finally, satisfaction had a mediating effect on the relationships between event characteristics and behavioral intentions, and attitudes and behavioral intentions. The theoretical and practical implications of these results are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous research emphasizes that residents living within an event's epicenter (i.e., host city) will exhibit the greatest positive and negative event legacy perceptions. However, given that mega‐events often include multiple event spaces to operationalize hosting (e.g., satellite cities), a single epicenter perspective is challenged. We examined residents' social legacy perceptions of a mega‐event with multiple event sites to test an epicenter effect within this event ecosystem. Data were collected via surveys from 1,901 residents living within four event spaces: Host City , Satellite , Provincial , and National. Statistical analyses revealed event space significantly influenced residents' social legacy perceptions but not linearly as previously theorized. Rather, Satellite residents perceived the highest positive legacies, not Host City residents. This evidence advances epicenter effect theorizing by highlighting how various event spaces can amplify or diminish residents' perceptions. Event managers should leverage multiple event spaces to maximize positive legacy perceptions while minimizing negative legacy perceptions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rationale/Purpose: This study drew upon social exchange theory to investigate the mediation effects of perceived benefits and costs on the relationship between perceived organizational support (POS) and the attitudinal outcomes of mandatory volunteers (voluntolds), namely volunteer satisfaction and future civic intention. Design/methodology/approach: Data were collected from 513 respondents who were voluntolds (i.e. mandatory volunteers) at a large-scale sport event in China. They were analyzed using the partial least square structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). Findings: The results indicated that POS was positively and more significantly associated to perceived benefits and negatively associated with perceived costs. POS also positively predicted volunteer satisfaction, but it did not directly predict future civic intention. In addition, perceived benefits were positively associated with volunteer satisfaction but not with future civic intention, whereas perceived costs were negatively related to both volunteer satisfaction and future civic intention. Practical implications: The findings provide insightful implications for sport event organizers to develop a volunteer management program with particular attention to orientation, training and support, performance management, and recognition practices for mandatory volunteers. Research Contribution: The findings suggest the proactive role of event organizers in enhancing perceived benefits and volunteer satisfaction and, consequently, promoting the civic behaviors of mandatory volunteers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Retos: Nuevas Perspectivas de Educación Física, Deporte y Recreación is the property of Federacion Espanola de Asociaciones de Docentes de Educacion Fisica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

AbstractThis quantitative study featuring a representative sample from four Canadian regions (n = 1,011) investigates the impact of fandom and gender on 12 consumption behaviors pertaining to the 2019 NBA Championships. To analyze the panel survey results, multivariate multiple and ordinal probit regressions were used to measure the impact of gender, fandom, and the gender-fandom interaction on live and non-live consumption behaviors respectively. Fandom significantly predicted all 12 consumption behaviors, while gender and the fandom-gender interaction only significantly impacted live television consumption. Specifically, men viewed more live games via television than women, driven in-large-part by non-fan men viewing more games than non-fan women. Results indicated fandom is the dominant driver of consumption, stressing its importance and inclusion within academic and marketing decisions, with gender playing a near negligible role. Yet, given live television viewing is a gateway consumption behavior, strategies targeting gender parity should target this consumption mode, particularly among non-fans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: This study focused on female sports fans who participated in women's sports events to understand their experiences and formation of identities. Methods: This study adopted a qualitative approach and collected data through interviews. It involved 20 female sports fans. Results: The results revealed three themes. Firstly, female fans engaged in women's sports events were influenced by their experiences participating in team sports, media exposure, and friends and peers. Secondly, the different patterns of fan behaviors were related to connections with personal experiences, social networks, and other aspects of life. Their identity as female fans was demonstrated through regular engagement in sports events and tournaments, attempting to connect and interact with female athletes and other female fans. Lastly, the female fans did not have to confront the challenges and doubts of the masculine world, which men dominate, while in a same-sex environment. However, the female fans revealed the stigma and attitude of distinguishing those unfamiliar with sports from more experienced senior fans. A few female fans also revealed the diverse patterns of female fans through personal experience sharing and embracing the different traits of being a female fan. Conclusion: Female sports fans gradually shape their fan identity through their participation experiences, emotional interactions, and practices of being a fan and demonstrate the similarities and differences in the meaning of being a fan. By doing this, multiple images of female sports fans emerged. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the extensive literature on volunteers at sports events, there remains limited comprehension among researchers regarding volunteer experience. While studies suggest direct and indirect relationships between motivation, satisfaction, commitment, and sense of community concerning volunteer experience, empirical understanding in this area remains inadequate. The primary objective of this research was to empirically examine the relationship between external influence, satisfaction, and the sense of sports event volunteers' experiences. Following the "Athens Marathon, The Authentic," 850 volunteers participated in an online self-administered questionnaire, yielding a response rate of 65%. Hypothesized linear relationships were tested using a two-step structural equation model. The findings reveal both direct (external influence and satisfaction) and indirect (commitment and sense of community) connections leading to volunteer experience. Volunteer satisfaction demonstrates an indirect relationship with material, mediated by the direct relationship with external influence. Similarly, the sense of egoism exhibits an indirect relationship with volunteer satisfaction, mediated by direct external influences. Additionally, the study identifies leisure as the sole determinant of the direct relationship with satisfaction. Overall, the study emphasizes the necessity of comprehensive analyses to account for the interconnected nature of factors influencing volunteer satisfaction.

A large body of research has examined the influence of sport for development and peace (SDP) events on community development, focusing primarily on SDP events delivered by nonprofit "change agents." Although scholars have highlighted the need to more meaningfully incorporate local governments into SDP event management, there has been limited attention to government-led implementation. The purpose of this study was to explore a government-led SDP event through the lens of the S4D Framework to understand how the approach to implementation influenced sport event management, direct social impacts, and long-term social outcomes. Data were generated primarily through interviews with members of the event leadership team and supplemented with observations and focus groups with event participants. The findings indicate that the structural and social resources of the local government were key to activating different phases of the S4D Framework, yet also revealed unique challenges that have important implications for SDP event management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Retaining volunteers is critical for sport and social development. This two-wave prospective survey was conducted to examine the relationship between sport volunteers’ work climate, motivation, emotional exhaustion (core burnout dimension), and continuance intention to volunteer for sporting events. Volunteers (n = 160) completed a survey measuring work climate and motivation at baseline (T1), and another survey measuring emotional exhaustion and continuance intention at follow-up with one-month interval (T2). Results of path analysis showed that T1 work climate was a significant positive predictor of T1 autonomous motivation and a negative one of T1 controlled motivation. T1 controlled motivation significantly and positively predicted T2 emotional exhaustion, but T1 autonomous motivation was not a significant predictor of T2 emotional exhaustion. T2 emotional exhaustion was a significant negative predictor of T2 continuance intention. These findings suggest the need to decrease volunteers’ controlled motivation and emotional exhaustion for volunteer retention.

Copyright of Belügyi Szemle / Academic Journal of Internal Affairs is the property of Ministry of Interior of Hungary and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Despite the extensive literature on volunteers at sports events, there remains limited comprehension among researchers regarding volunteer experience. While studies suggest direct and indirect relationships between motivation, satisfaction, commitment, and sense of community concerning volunteer experience, empirical understanding in this area remains inadequate. The primary objective of this research was to empirically examine the relationship between external influence, satisfaction, and the sense of sports event volunteers' experiences. Following the "Athens Marathon, The Authentic," 850 volunteers participated in an online selfadministered questionnaire, yielding a response rate of 65%. Hypothesized linear relationships were tested using a two-step structural equation model. The findings reveal both direct (external influence and satisfaction) and indirect (commitment and sense of community) connections leading to volunteer experience. Volunteer satisfaction demonstrates an indirect relationship with material, mediated by the direct relationship with external influence. Similarly, the sense of egoism exhibits an indirect relationship with volunteer satisfaction, mediated by direct external influences. Additionally, the study identifies leisure as the sole determinant of the direct relationship with satisfaction. Overall, the study emphasizes the necessity of comprehensive analyses to account for the interconnected nature of factors influencing volunteer satisfaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to analyze the effect of marketing strategy and marketing capability on marketing performance at the FIBA Basketball international event in Indonesia. The RBV theory explains that good use of resources will increase value. The effectiveness of resource utilization is reflected in marketing performance which can be determined by a good marketing strategy and marketing capabilities. This study shows that marketing strategy and marketing capability have a positive and significant effect on marketing performance at the FIBA Basketball international event held in Indonesia. The ability to market and determine strategies is an important indicator of the success of organizing basketball sporting events in Indonesia.

The purpose of this article is twofold: first, to understand the reality of gender disparities in sport in South Sudan, which has not been fully understood; and second, to examine the effects of sporting event interventions, such as whether they can improve gender disparities in sport. In order to achieve the research objectives, quantitative household surveys, focus group discussions and key informant interviews were conducted with Juba citizens before and after the national sporting event held in Juba in 2020. Regarding the reality of gender disparities in sport in Juba, contrary to expectations, we found that more than 75 per cent of men and more than half of women play sports in Juba. However, a breakdown by sport shows that the sports actually played and participation rates are highly skewed by gender; men for football and women for volleyball. Furthermore, it was found that the national sport event intervention increases the probability of playing sport and the number of days playing sport for women more than for men. These findings suggest that the more sport events can be held, the more gender disparities in sport can be improved in South Sudan. In South Sudan, where patriarchy persists, the results show that increasing women's participation in sport may not only reduce gender disparities, but may also entail a change in the traditional social norm to date that women should focus only on childcare and housework. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to explore participants' willingness to pay (WTP) for offsetting greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions associated with their participation in the World Winter Masters Games 2020 (WWMG20) in Innsbruck, Austria. We collected data from an online survey sent to participants at the event and used the contingent valuation approach to determine participants' WTP and a set of alternative regression models to investigate the factors that mainly influence WTP. Our results show that the median WTP for offsetting GHG lies within a range of EUR 10 (lower bound) to EUR 20 (upper bound). Furthermore, WTP is positively influenced by participants' attitudes toward climate change, their perception of the event as environmentally friendly, their level of education, as well as their overall expenses for traveling to the WWMG20. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Residents' major sport event (MSE) social value is a central topic for event scholars and managers. Despite its popularity, reviews have focused on empirical findings of impact-based studies; not considering resident investments of these studies nor the theoretical underpinnings of this social phenomenon. Therefore, the present systematic review of theory considers investment and impact-based studies to addresses this gap. We screened 934 records, of which only three met all our inclusion criteria. Findings revealed four theoretical concepts to understand residents' MSE social value: affinity with sport, income, event expectation, and transparency. The combination of these concepts offers a conceptual framework that guides scholars and practitioners to create social value more strategically for residents. Findings revealed the paucity of studies that examine residents' MSE social impact in relation to their MSE investment and calls for future investigations on residents' investments and impacts in relation to each other. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Academic endeavors and societal demands have propelled the growth of sport management as a field of study. Although internationally renowned sport management-related journals provide a broad range of study topics, the lists of papers featured in these publications are not exhaustive in terms of geographic coverage. Determining the evolution of sport management research necessitates an evaluation of research trends in each region. Method: To reach our objective, we conducted a fiveyear bibliometric evaluation of Japanese sport management-related periodicals. Five major Japanese sport management-related magazines have published a total of 115 articles over the past five years. Results: The majority of research was classified under the marketing category, followed by the management, sport for development, and sport development categories. These results indicate that each of the five journals has a concentration on sport management research, but also has specialized areas that distinguish it from the others. By cross-tabulating the categories and settings of published publications, we discovered that the vast majority of research on professional and elite sport as well as sport events was undertaken in the marketing realm. There are numerous professional and amateur sport leagues in Japan, as well as two mega-sporting events that have taken place in the last three years: the Rugby World Cup and the Olympic and Paralympic Games. This has led to a large number of studies in the marketing domain focusing on the professional sport and sport event category. Conclusions: In conclusion, three potential research directions for sport management have been identified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research uses social role theory to investigate gender differences in volunteers at the Special Olympics and interrelationships among motivations, commitment, and social capital. Volunteers at the 2014 National Summer Special Olympics in Germany were surveyed (n = 891). Multigroup structural equation modeling has revealed gender differences among motivations, commitment, and social capital. Volunteers primarily volunteered for personal growth. Further, motivations had a significant association with commitment and social capital. The impact of motivation on social capital was significantly mediated by commitment. Event organizers should market opportunities to volunteer by emphasizing opportunities for personal growth and appealing to specific values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Organizing sports events have played a role in the local community's economy. The research purpose was to estimate how the implementation of the 2022 Solo Mayor Cup sporting event will play a role in the local community's economy, such as output, added value, income creation, and job creation. The study used a quantitative descriptive study with a survey design. A total of 1,470 visitor surveys were generated (426 local visitors and 1,044 non-local visitors). The study used a quantitative descriptive study with a survey design. A total of 1,470 visitor surveys were generated (426 local visitors and 1,044 non-local visitors). The results show that the 2022 Solo Mayor Cup sporting event created an average output of 1,109.15 thousand rupiahs, an average income of 124.40 thousand rupiahs, and an average gross value added of 262.40 thousand rupiahs, and an average workforce can be absorbed 207 people. The existence of the 2022 Solo Mayor Cup sporting event can increase the host economy due to relevant direct expenditures from sports bodies for wages and due to visitors spending on accommodation, transportation, food and beverages, and shopping. Apart from that, the 2022 Solo Mayor Cup sporting event also created new job opportunities, increasing household income. The Walikota Solo Cup 2022 has a positive economic impact on the people of Solo.

The management of a major sporting event is a multi-faceted issue that involves organizational, legal, social, economic and ethical layers. The article deals with a special sports event - the European Games. It is a multidisciplinary event that has the status of the so-called Continental Games. The competition offers the opportunity to obtain Olympic qualification in certain sports. It is the second such important sports event after EURO 2012 organized on Polish territory (Jankowski 2023). The issue of organizing a large-scale sports event will be presented from the perspective of applying the provisions of the Law of December 2, 2021 on Supporting the Preparation of the Third European Games in 2023. It should be borne in mind that this is a dedicated legal act established by the Polish legislator for the organization of this event. In the pages of this article, I will try to make a preliminary assessment of this document and encourage a broader discussion of the European Games initiative itself. The latter in the international literature is only the backdrop of broader considerations and has not lived to see a serious academic discussion as to its attractiveness and real impact on a given local community and regional development. The research methods used in this study are the dogmatic-egg method, requiring the author to examine the poor views of doctrine to date and analyze the legal regulations on which I have relied in describing the management of a mass sports event such as the European Games. It should be emphasized that this is the third such event in a row, which so far has been mainly organized in urban space-Baku 2015, Minsk 2019. For the first time, the event involves the entire region and tourism promotion that touches not only the main organizing city-Krakow, but also a region like Malopolska. In addition, this is the first time an event of this stature has been organized in a city that is not the capital of a country.

Events tourism is recognized as a significant and essential part of economic development strategies in developing countries as this industry affects the economy and the development of tourist destinations. Globally, many destinations are exploiting sport events as a strategic tool for energizing and themselves. In recent years, it has been widely accepted by tourism destination managers that sport events tourism make huge contributions to the tourism industry and the economy through foreign capital inflows. Various studies demonstrate that there is growing interest or even hunger to host sport events tourism as promoting development is evident in both developing and developed countries. Events tourism has demonstrated a significant growth over the years in both developing and developed countries. Nowadays, events are utilized as catalysts to develop and market host destinations. Therefore, the image of the host destination can improve and this can potentially lead to an influx of tourists to the host destination. Sporting events benefit destinations in various ways such as the infrastructural developments, foreign investment and foreign exchange, which leads to entrepreneurial opportunities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of International Journal of Medicine & Science of Physical Activity & Sport / Revista Internacional de Medicina y Ciencias de la Actividad Física y del Deporte is the property of Revista Internacional de Medicina y Ciencias de la Actividad Fisica y del Deporte and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The aim of this study is to determine the motivation of the university sports volunteer by comparing the results according to gender and previous experience, as well as to observe which motivation factor has the greatest influence on satisfaction with the specific motivations of the volunteer. The study was cross-sectional by questionnaire, with 128 university volunteers interviewed who participated in a sports volunteering programme. The instruments used were a sample of 128 university volunteers who were given the VFI and another to assess satisfaction. The questionnaire was conducted online. The results show that both men and women feel motivated in the dimensions of Understanding, Values and Enhancement, obtaining above-average results in these motivational profiles. According to experience, volunteers with more experience had higher scores. Satisfaction with motivation can be predicted by enhancement, understanding and protective. The results of this study will help to deepen the motivational profile of volunteering in the sports and university context. It will also allow organizations to better manage volunteering - and to improve the quality of life of their employees. Universities are an important volunteer base, not only social but also more and more in sports, making it necessary to evaluate the motivational profile and satisfaction of this potential group to be a volunteer once their academic stage is over. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

IntroductionThe aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review to describe and explore the current state-of-the-art of sport mega-event knowledge management research.MethodsFollowing the PRISMA protocol, the authors conducted a systematic search of academic and gray literature in sport, social sciences, and humanities databases. From the initial 1,751 studies reviewed, 16 met the inclusion criteria.FindingsIn these studies, knowledge management in sport mega-events was mainly researched in the context of the Olympic Games. Compared with other events, the Olympic Games built a more formal knowledge management programme, which may explain why it attracted more attention.DiscussionMost of the studies highlighted the importance of tacit knowledge and individuals, as well as the needs of different stakeholder groups. Findings showed that social, cultural, political, and historical differences between hosts weaken the effect of knowledge management. Many of the published empirical studies are descriptive investigations and lack support of related theories or conceptual frameworks. The impacts of knowledge management process on the host regions and knowledge transfer between events and local stakeholders have been little explored.

Mega sport events were among the very few types of events still attracting tourists during the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic and represented an exceptionally attractive tourism opportunity for Bucharest through the matches scheduled for the UEFA 2020 championship. Motivated by the novelty of the event which was organized for the first time in the Romanian capital city and motivated by the exceptionally restrictive context imposed by the sanitary crisis, the aim of this study was to analyze domestic tourist participation in and satisfaction with this event. An extended survey focusing on the autochthonous participants was applied to gather data and then further computed using SPSS software through crosstabulations and associated statistical analysis adapted for nominal and ordinal variables. The main results emphasize a large participation of Romanian football supporters who came specifically for the event. Most of them expressed dissatisfaction with souvenir, food and drink products sold within the stadium area but were satisfied with the COVID-19 measures and their costs. Supporters coming from rural areas opted for VFR accommodations while retirees and elderly supporters preferred hotels. Occupation and age were the main variables determining accommodation preferences as well as satisfaction with souvenir prices. These options may be valuable input for future adapted marketing strategies for sport event tourism in Romania. Lacking important urban tourist attractions and competing with other mature European urban destinations, mega sport events may represent an opportunity for autochthonous large cities to increase tourist attractiveness and maintain leisure travel even during periods of travel restrictions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Physical Education / Tiyu Xuekan is the property of Journal of Physical Education Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The growth in sport event tourism towards sustainable development has brought some desirable benefits in many destinations, however it can also contribute to over-tourism, which is disadvantageous. Relatively little research has been conducted on the sport event’s role in achieving sustainable tourism. The capacity, resources, innovation and engaging a range of key stakeholders, various ways in which events have been considered and operations as green ones. From secondary data sources, the paper explores contemporary challenges that Da Nang’s tourism industry acknowledges the importance of sport events, then concludes with an analysis of future research to formulate and implement tourism policies in sustainable tourism development. Key words: Sport Event, Sustainable Tourism, Challenges, Da Nang City

This study looks at the hosting of the 2014 Fédération Internationale de Football Association World Cup in Rio de Janeiro and, based on research drawing on environmental psychology and studies of liminality, hypothesizes that the perceived celebrative atmosphere in the city increases subjective well-being of host city residents (cariocas). Data were collected via in-person intercept surveys from 221 and 218 cariocas before and during the event, respectively. There was an increase in subjective well-being from before the event to during the event. The results of two-group path modeling revealed further that there was a positive impact of the perceived celebrative atmosphere in the host city on residents’ subjective well-being during the event; the effect was weaker (though still positive) for the time period when the event was not being hosted. Initiatives may build upon the atmospheric elements in a city to increase subjective well-being of residents, particularly in the context of event hosting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Measuring residents' social value from hosting major sport events has become a popular practitioner and researcher focus. However, researchers have used a plethora of monetary valuation methods to measure social value on an equally diverse set of events. Rather than being applied to major sport events, the use of these methods in sport research has been limited to smaller events, programs, or facilities. Consequently, investigating monetary valuation methods for major sport events is necessary to inform practitioners and researchers of these types of events as to which tool(s) to use. Thus, the purpose of this study was to investigate various monetary valuation methods to determine which method(s) is(are) best to examine residents' social value in a post-event context and test the selected method(s) for the 2010 Olympic Winter Games in Vancouver, Canada. After reviewing monetary valuation methods found in the sport management literature, two methods were deemed suitable avenues to pursue: the reverse contingent valuation method and the opportunity cost approach. This study employed an exploratory sequential mixed methods design to derive a conceptual and empirical analysis. Interviews were conducted with 14 Vancouver residents and supplemented with document analysis; as well, 525 Vancouver residents completed a self-administered online survey. Findings highlighted the importance of using both the reverse contingent valuation method and opportunity cost approach given their complementary nature. The reverse contingent valuation method allowed residents to select how much they valued their experience. This individual or micro-economic perspective is a necessary prerequisite for residents to adequately determine their value of hosting in relation to other options (e.g., building hospitals, having professional sport teams) when applying the opportunity cost approach, which asks residents to reflect at societal or macro-economic level. This synergistic approach demonstrates the importance of addressing both perspectives: the micro (i.e., individual exchange) and the macro (i.e., event exchange) aspect. In doing so, this approach offers researchers and practitioners avenues forward to examine the social value of publicly-funded major sport events exclusively through a direct, an indirect, and a synergistic method to advance the examination of major sport events' social value.

With an increasing emphasis on the social value of sport and events, there has been a shift in focus regarding the management and development process of event projects as well as their associated outcomes. This shift is about emphasizing a more strategic approach to developing social benefits by recognizing and utilizing leverageable resources related to sport events as a means of fostering lasting social and economic change (Chalip, 2006; O'Brien & Chalip, 2007; Schulenkorf & Edwards, 2012). In this paper, we adapt and apply the asset-based community development (ABCD) approach as a means of developing a more action-oriented, community-based approach to leveraging the social assets of sporting events. In applying the ABCD approach, we aim to shift the focus of event-led projects away from attempts to "solve" social problems (i.e., deficit perspective) to enhancing the existing strengths of communities (i.e., strengths perspective). We reflect on case study findings that highlight the challenges and opportunities in realizing an ABCD approach for disadvantaged communities through an examination of a healthy lifestyle community event initiative in the Pacific Islands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ice hockey has traditionally been a male-dominated culture that has both promoted and legitimised masculine dominance and gender inequality. The question is, how might ice hockey games, or other male-dominated sports, be organised differently and thus become more gender equal? Our ambition in this article is to initiate a discussion about how the construction of gender in ice hockey events operationalises or opposes the dominance of men and the marginalisation of women. The specific purpose is to identify techniques that configure men/masculinities as dominant in the ice hockey culture. Taking critical studies of men and masculinities as the point of departure, with a specific focus on the situational aspects of gender construction, this case study makes use of participatory observations of eight qualification games in Swedish semi-professional ice hockey. Our results show that men and certain types of masculinity dominate in the events framing the game and how this links the ice hockey players and the club with the local body-worker culture and its industrial, economic and historical context. Identification with these men is ideally created amongst male spectators, given that children and women do not have the same obvious place in the event's narrative. Some clubs seek to include women and children in their matches, which affects both the atmosphere and the situation. By focusing on the events' introductions and general narratives, and how they make use of a (masculine) version of the place's past in the present, we discuss how the ice hockey culture contributes to the current hegemony of men and masculinities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The quality of service and the performance of the management team in a sporting event is thought to be able to influence audience satisfaction, so that these two things become important factors in the success of organizing sports matches. The purpose of this study was to determine and describe the impact of organizing sporting events on audience satisfaction and loyalty based on the quality of service and performance of the organizing committee in managing sports events. The study used a descriptive approach with qualitative and quantitative methods. 64 spectators were randomly selected from all the spectators who attended the volleyball proliga sport event held at GOR Amongrogo, Yogyakarta City. Data collection techniques uses a questionnaire. The data analysis technique used PLS - SEM. The results of the study found that there was an influence of service quality and performance of the match management team on audience satisfaction and loyalty. These results indicate that the indicators of the implementation of sports activities are measured by the satisfaction and loyalty level of the audience following the match with the service quality and management of the organizers as influencing factors.

Despite the large body of literature on sport event volunteers, researchers have a poor understanding of the volunteer experience despite studies claiming direct and indirect relationships involving motivation, satisfaction, commitment, and sense of community towards the volunteer experience. In fact, most studies fail to statistically measure experience as a dependent variable. As such, the importance of these four antecedents as predictors of the volunteer experience remains assumed and uncertain. The purpose of this study was to empirically test if and how sport event volunteers' motivation, satisfaction, commitment, and sense of community predict their experience. Following the 2019 Osprey Valley Open, 161 volunteers (65% response rate) completed an online self-administered questionnaire. A two-step structural equation model analysis tested the hypothesized linear relationships. Results indicated direct (i. e., motivation and satisfaction) and indirect (i. e., commitment and sense of community) relationships between antecedents and the volunteer experience. Commitment had an indirect relationship to the volunteer experience through motivation's direct relationship, while the indirect relationship of sense of community occurred through satisfaction's direct relationship to the volunteer experience. Confirmatory factor analysis also indicated motivation and sense of community had poor factor loadings, while satisfaction and commitment loaded adequately. Moreover, only the egoistic motivation factor was supported in this study motivation's direct relationship to the volunteer experience. These findings empirically support previous claims for motivation and satisfaction's direct relationship to the volunteer experience but dispute previous claims of direct relationships involving sense of community and commitment. Contributions include the need to move beyond investigating individual antecedents of the volunteer experience as it requires a multifaceted analysis due to conceptual interrelationships. Event managers should understand their volunteers' experience as being complex and develop strategies aimed at each of the four antecedents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drawing on leisure coping theory, this study examines how negative impacts of sport events influence audiences’ subjective well-being, which further affects the support of the event. Leisure engagement is further employed to test its moderating effect of this relationship. By distributing questionnaires on-site during the on-going four days of the Macau Grand Prix 2018, 620 valid audiences were surveyed. The findings suggest that (a) audiences’ perceived negative impact of the Macau Grand Prix negatively influence their subjective well-being, (b) when the leisure engagement was low, the negative relationship between negative impact of the Macau Grand Prix and audiences’ subjective well-being was alleviated, and (c) the indirect effects of audiences’ perceived negative impact on support for sport events via subjective well-being was buffered by leisure engagement, such that the indirect effects were only found in dyads with lower leisure engagement, but not in dyads with higher leisure engagement. Theoretical contribution and practical implications for Macau government and organization of the Macau Grand Prix were also discussed.

An increasing number of sports events are taking place in wilderness and mountain areas. The Laugavegur Ultra Marathon (LUM) is one such event. It follows the 55-km (34.2-mile) route of the Laugavegur trail in the southern Icelandic highlands. The trail has been selected as one of the world's most scenic long-distance hiking trails by many of the world's leading travel media. This paper focuses on LUM runners' attitudes toward environmental issues to identify their values as a group and to examine whether there are different attitudes between Icelandic and international runners. An online survey was distributed to all participants finishing the race in 2018, a total of 553 runners; the response rate was 45.2%. The results reveal that most runners participating in LUM were running for their own personal goals and challenges, using the trail's wilderness setting as a driver to reach their target. As a group, the runners had relatively ecocentric orientations. With regard to environmental values, however, there was a large difference between Icelandic and international runners. The Icelandic runners significantly favored anthropocentric orientations, preferring more infrastructure and services along the route, compared with international runners, who preferred the wild character of the route. When it comes to planning sports events in natural settings, such as mountain marathons in wilderness areas, it is important to raise the environmental awareness of both users and event organizers. Moreover, to sustain the wilderness character of the trail, it is beneficial to attract more runners who have an ecocentric view.